トップページ - 横浜国立大学学術情報リポジトリ

全文

(1)". T. ". English-Vulgar. Americanl. Why?. By. TOEtJNAGA. Ryokichi. English. American behind. the. severity, forms. is. of expression. better Mild. general. progress. contrast. With. the. in the. language. works. use. but. of. masters. such. the. of. English. a8. words. be. can. English. it. as. th白 in. wchaic. are. arguments. that. phrases. and. Chaucer,. as. no. England. lagging behind. back. traced. and longer. words are. American. and characterize in England. Their. current. American. but. used. English. American. now. British. in current. found. of the. English. the. on. popularly. intheir. vary. some. out. point. far. falling. as. severity Critics. contempt that unfair Elizabethan of period. most. language. the. been. regard. the. of. tO. commeI】t. mild once. the. theyal1. grounded. obsolete usage. to. English. than. or. usually. which. severe,. a. have. today,. with undue in England.. prevailing. from. perⅠ1apS. in England. used is no. now. usage. up-to-date. ranging. ofte由CenSured. to. Milton,. are. 】∋ritisll. the. old Shakespeare,. etc.. however,. AyIChaism,. belonglng. something. former. as. only. they. put. useful. coined. fresh. ar)d. are. and. are. Far. as. services the. Considered terms. obs()1etQ. Were. of the. _the. Same. as. some. use. of to. put. and the. use.. in. archaz.c. of. their. living tO. One. to. reference. characteri8tic8. Words. and. out. a. Can. pⅠ1raSeS. drop. and. 0f. of usage.. their. vigor and utility, they have teem that recently. neologisms From this. American a. certain. utilities. retain. has. word,. antiquated.. lose. commumicatioll. and But. from. another. of. point. idioms. are. language,. view. not. are. what. archaic. rendering. very. million. living. hundred. does. this. because speechways aPPelation. of its inheritance a8 their linguistic. not. brand. to some. of. to. from Stock?. rule. ancestors,. British former. strike out. American. slight. his. of. will. American. however,. angle,. that. phrases. it appropriate. propriety. actual. the. at. all･. valuable at. souls. least.. very. in. or. they. components. of. means. use,. to. as. out pointed it, they are from. usually. ; it. past. when. being.. now. Sense Of designal:es. proper. ou七of. archaz.sms as. the. the. no甲gOne. period. be called So long are. in tO. traces. then. English generations. an. American. that. of what. out as. appropriate. greater. the. abound. of being. date. any. degree. aTI. remind. is it not. much. may. with. (抑haic. of style. with. as. English. English. why. idioms. Engli∈血man. and. archaic. of. Englishman to. propriety Englidl possess. attribute because today.

(2) 14. A.. This. John. Alexander disrupted. a. ing. of today.. for. "the. for. accour)ts. American. "Just. their. The. the. older. daughters ments. America. Of have. the. in early. of the. New. places. isolated. of. the. days. World,. habits. the. and. forms∴in･. older than. the. theory. However English. ofりan that. may. the. English. very. arrest. are. what. conspicuous American. for this assault by. merely. in America,. gua宮e. Thi8 ･archait ･resulted language: 8aylng. lo6king. this. for. fact. things. that. England. The. fらr the. froln. some. to. inhabitants. reter)tior)1 of $OurCe■. other. 〟. :. are. into to. frequently. ill･used. George. P王1ilip Krapp. Dr.. people. American. brought. inAmerican. elements. wchaic and. peculiar. survivals, exceptional. America.". being. English. (The. to. peculiar. prominence. American∴Engli8h. that ir) the. propa貞anda -diligently "First, 'Americans who. words to. seek. ancestors,. unhappily,. could. is essentially. Mr.. H.L.. of by two. conducted. `. our. of. testify. by Lan-. Vbl.I I, -p. 51). Obviously absdrd･ notion form df British En封iih, from. They. from. reason. derived. called. 士o America,. i$. develophistory. of development.〟. holds critics responslble ate. of. and. who. the. be. must. made undully level of the speech. the critic who. the. different.. quite. few. the. with. facts. retention sons. and. in･ far-removed settled bad fair w池the outside world, opportunities things British, including, course, the speech of. areムften. underrate. of touch The. information. Consequently,. be,. colonists-. of cultローe of late.. exchange. country.. American. the. Story. have. of the. wherefores. out. and. except. all contact. mother. a. u8. own. 2.). p.. English.. tell. its. This. of､ course,inour developments newer. country. enlightenment. therefore,. from. of the. arrested English, hence,. kept. in. stopped in its development.. time. been. use. of speech is for a time. tree. Grammar,. of by some of it in adcouht. in current Ame.. much ". forms. mother. had. fami1iariz占themselveswith. to. a. in British. of. is. in the. tongue. parental. makes. elucidate all the how8 and inAmerican English if. constant血ow. America. forms. place however, people,. her. and. for. taken. language. a. of. still made. instance,. and. sounds. Revolution. the. that. for. (College English. would forms. origi-. phoneticiar',. c王IaT】geS.. was. in. while. the. of developmentけしis. transplanted. a. colonial. place.". theory. some. as. Engli sh. English,. taken. varied arrest. of older. transplanted. growth,. to. retention. renowned development. from comand suspended lar)guage the transported remains. While. Dr二G. 0. Curme,. English:. rican. of. ､of一〃an. British. land. another :. have. to. seems.. practicallyunchanged,. tlndergoes. theory. to. tongue. of time. period. country. linguists. students of that According亡o Ellis,払e. its mother. with. This. the. it is transported. certain. mother. by. Ellis･. when. munication. of EnglishinAmerica. notion. been甲Omu短ated. r)ally. for. erroneous. popular. Tokunaga. establish bring. over. Mencken,. an. has. 6n of writers truth of Lowell'$. groups. the no. English. better. than.

(3) ∼. shakespeare･8,,. and. E喝1ishmen. second,. A8. in. answer. a. Elizabeth,. of Queen. in. old･fashioned. not. a. rather. of. fact. we. a. adequate Pyle lMr･.ンThomas･ popularly Supposed. that. until. Engl串h. development. of Shakesis. taken. some-. i‡I. place. habits. speech. present. ther. geminely1. which. has. which. court. into. well. the. of. in the. in the. spoker). speech･ while language. mountain. perceive. can. an. wβ,find′. of fact. survival. 224). p･. are. eighteenth･century. the. with. as compared retarded isolated less reglOnS:'. important. is not. development. what. The. One,. with. matter. southern. details,. many. a. as. settled,. Consequently,. century･. eighteenth but. were. ､by. Lowell. high1aT,ds, whose -southern ideptical form practically of English. Spencer. Chaucer,. ago. inhabitants. that･everi. showing. Englishけby. of American. originality. ･any. demialby. ,from. citation. Our. speak. peLare,. aforementioned Ways and. =Words. (p. 20)ニ= to. the. regards,. I. Americans. centuries used Supplement. was. 15.. Why?. their. Support. Language,. (The､ American. ". deny. who. to. in speech, and seek whatso牢Ver Americansim that pops up new･ dr, Cower.". i. English-Vulgar. American. of the. American. be denied /that Shakespea-re, are a numthere is a mere.survival of English of the language in American English English･ forms still preserved ber ｡f Older of British in regions is more that in general, conspicuous This retention of older forms, American. are. is that,. people. by. ｡ft町designated South. lest.n,. Carolina,. Kehtucky. and. legitimately. can. thoughit. the. li,nguist as･. and. certain. Tenne8See′. in the. commurlities. i･ e., Char･. i$1ands･". speech. However･ else･ anywhere of由eeeh in these communities. that the conservatism･ admitted of isolation fro,m ･contact. with. the. not. world,. outside. of the. Virginia,. it must. than. aTeaS,. mountain. Americ,an. ". be. is the. result arrest. mysteriousモ`. 6f development:' because. partly. of this. partly. because. of. warof. 1812,. American. as. said. to. terms,. have. had. declaring. sentiment. ". a'L Veteran. his ･that. has. English. say. been. not. O氏cei.of about. everyr. in ,traits especially. i出r6quently. debased･". corrupt,け〃. vulgar,". Marryat,,. archaic. CalledL. anti･American. ". -さ･ bafbaro嘩,". derick-. sQ. English. the. American. that. English細d. accehねated/. sinceしthe. con-demned. vario^usly. not･ and what War N'avy the of. he. Captain. investigated. Fre-. of 1812,. tin extremely. speechways. Americanism. Ametican. i8. scorhful be. to. proved. or English･'' Again English county, else obsolete of some Provincialism had become very to. have lamented that the English language is reported .申e World･ in they New (H･L･ Mencken･ ''in ･a short period of time rThe .debased 0‡】e,pp･A8⊥9) American Lar)guage, ,.Supplement, Dr: lingui8t､ bf authority, that However, it is､ amu8inglo note another I"a. ". ･. George. H.. McKnight,. quotes. the. same. He quotesI that of Mr二 MeIICken. travel through allthe United_ Statesandfind. from. to. author Captain. the purpose. Marryat. l由畠difBculty I. quit占different 〟. as. saying,. You. mag. in understanding;.

(4) 1(;. R. Tokunaga. in behg. or. in the. than. understood. Making,. some. in England:I. counties. English. (Modern. 472). p. few. Perhaps. in. English. have ever a come writers up with bitterer criticism than that of Mrs･ Trollope･ She is cited by Dr. Krapp to have that remarked during her stay in America ･`a heard she had scarcely sentence elegantly turned. out. viction. is perhaps. 〟. the. and. America,. p.. for. and. have. far. slightly habits. More. not. likes. English. Nothing. is. excellence most. rather. 1900･. of. nature. con_. sneer. at. but. :. their. I,anguage. one. more. in. English. Cultivated. and. observations. their. modes. simple tinged. were. with. a. prejudice. living,. of. I. were. for. reaections. is. precise,. comments. whose. languageand. former. their. a8. out. one. of. for. get. the. nowhere. whole. the. degree. The. American. carry. taken. as. matter. Naturally,. well cultured. levels. are. the. one. the. their. of. the. likes. d脆culty. Englishincomparison. a8. brought should. same. relative kind;. and dislikes is involved in. with until he bores his OPI his point. Such is proving is largely of personal choice. his argument near. educational American. and. accuracy. of another. same. British. o比er.. of. on. tourists. 310).. p･. speech. than. depending. on. be. many "most. and. wonderthat. that. 8tandards･. can. will. ". any. Says,. social. Clark,. two. small. debased. tell in. excellence. question･. to. a. themselves. worked. he. likely. whenthe. it is. higher. ". a8. (British W･. COmParedwith. usually血d. yet. to. as. a. John. very. Thus. top the dif_ ascribes England in and English. characterizes of the latter he. and. =. Variety. author. Clark. and. Partridge. difBcult. silence,. same. travelers. 8ay'from travelersinEngland,,. the. of gangster. soldiers garrisonedinEng･ critics to bring renewed attacks. for. way. taste･=. are. films. of American. Mr･. critic, 〃vulgarけor. thing. American. I should. Erie. of. carefully. of the. American. that. and. causethe American. between. than. question of relative British English･ Perhaps into. the. The. the. POnent. pave. inAmerica･. so. people than. Slang. in England. scrutiny little more. a. a押ear. their. Clark,. the. American. travelers. underthe. English. ; whose. people. JolmW･. come･. travelers. English. for. level. most. American. for. the. Another. money. Since. feeling. Mr･. well as helped. in America. than. class. English. any. (The. of critics limited. of their in America. stay. against. Says. as. more. travelers. lrish･=. records. because. of their. in America･. have. who. the. heard. Her. excepted.. of cultural. travelers. never. of. in the. mark. greatly American English･. ference. the. trace. another. have. upon. make have. lips of an American." fair-minded every reader. prevailingmisconception British English i8. patriotic. recently,. their. and land. to. a. or. that. and. brevity. with. kind. Speech. lowest. widely. of the. of the. one. of. eT]Oughto. very. tried. wide. reason. not. the. Slovenly. thus. generally. the. the. 49). Reasons vulgar. amusing. from. except. from. pronounced. majority [of American8]. great. own,. correctly.

(5) ``. and among. tions own. is. dependent. much the. show. critics that. vulgarislnS.. is not. the. on. to. English. ". English-Vulgar. American. one's. be go. point. looked as. low. of. for as. in the. !. Why?. view･ this. 17. The matter;+. Americar)s. consesus. of. but. opinion indica･. in the. various use. of. their.

(6)