ARIEMANNIAN SUBMERSION W’ITH 2 DIMENSIONAI、 BASE SPACE
Kazuko IKUTA 〔Received October.21, 1982〕 §0. Introduction. A smooth ’mapping T from a Riemannian manifold M onto a Riemannian manifbld B is said to be a Riemannian submersion if it has maximal ran1くand preserves the lengths of horizontal tangent vector to M. In 1966, B.0, Ne i11 ([1】) intx℃duced a Riemannian submersion and in− vestigated its basic propert ies, ahd in 1960. C R. Hermann([2])showed that if the total space〃is connected and comPlete and the fibers are totally ’ geodesic, then 〔M,B,π〕 is a fiber bundle whose structure group is the Lie group of isometries of the fiber. Applying the above results in 1973, R. Escgbales 〔[3],[4】,[5D classifed Riemannian submersions from spheres and complex proj ective spaces whos6 fibers are comected and totally geodes ic. Since a Riemannian submersion with totally geodesic fibers is a special one, in. thisl paper, we shall investigate a certain.Rie㎜迦submersion whose fibers are not totally geodes ic. In §1, we shall give some bas ic propert ies of a Riemannian sul)mers ion amd show s㎝e㎞own results s㎝e of which will be used in the r㎝aining portion of the paper. In §2, we shall study a Riemannian submers ion whose total space M has . aconstant curvature and the normal connection on. the fiber induced fr㎝〃 is flat. In §3, we shall jnvest igate a Riemannian submersion from a space of constant curvature to a surface of constant curvature and show that the fibers of such Riemannian submers ion can not be a space of constant curvature. Throughout the paper, manifolds, vector fields and tensor fields are assumed to be C°°. . ’ 、 ・ The author would l ike to thank Professor T. Otsuki for his constant encouragement and valuable suggestion. . §1. Riemanllian sUbmers ion. L・t涯一♂+㌔e・p.B・めb。㎝。・た〔resp.。)dime。,i㎝。・臣。_i紐 manif61dξmd〔F〔M),M,9)(resp.〔F(8〕β,p)〕be the orthononnal frame bundle 89K.IKげ[A of M(resp・B〕.・ We shall make use of th6 fbllowing convention on the rahge of indices: 1≦ちゴ≦n,n+1≦α,β≦n+た,1≦α,ゐ≦n+た, and use the Einstein convent i㎝. ・e・ωα皿dωα、(re・p・・、・・商)・・th・b・・i−・一・c・i・・f・rm・・f♂+k (re・p. Bn)・n F(り〔resp. F(B〕),then the st・u・ture equ・ti・n・are a・f・11㎝・・ 〔1−1) ゐα=Σoセ,∧{『bα , (1・2) .鋤αゐ〒Σ ωαo∧ωoカ+Ωαろ⊃ Ωαz,=一;Σ 1?αz,odωo.Aω〈ヱ , (1−3) dθz=Σeiブ^θゴゼ, 〔1・4) 〈ヨθ4ブ=Σ eZk∧θ農7+6zゴ , ξ{蛮ブ=一;Σ 」…£ゴた見eた^θ兄 ・ F。r a・Ri。m。nni。n,ub鵬。,i。n。、♂+⊆・B”,。。 d。n。t。 by〔N NF,M,q)・h。 f。11。w− ing sul)bundle of (F〔M〕,M,(7): N F・{〔x・・z・θα〕‘d〔〃〕1・・(・α〕・o・(・ω・π・(ei〕〕・F〔B)}・ ぺ N N 皿・n・聡・孤induce a n・tu・al m・pPi・g・・F→F〔B)・u・h th・t・(…t・・α〕= N
盤霊㌶r㌶㌶1露;。in。・。,i。。 /F讐
P 〔1・6) 碗α∼)=Σ 苗αo∧dioヵ+Stczb⊃ Ωαb=一≒}Σ Rαbαd dio^a三d , り where Rαh。4 is the「est「icti・n・f Rαb。d・n F・ 脆d・n・t・by脇”th・t・ng・nY・pace・f M・t x ・nd TM th・t・ng・nt b皿d1・・f M・ For any local cross−secpion φ of p, 1et 肇 be any local cross−section of ∂ which covers φ, then we have 〔碗一il★θi〕(li・X)=dii〔転X〕−ei(φ燕X〕f・r X・ tl’xM・ Substit”ting X=θゴ゜「X=e。 dii−ff*ei=0 i皿to the above equati㎝, we obtain fbr any local cross−section 箏. ・ndi・〔『。,り N N Hence at any f of F, we haveARIEMANNIAN SUBMERSION
’ 碗一ff★θ・・° f・…宇一写〔fib6・・f a・・b・
Therefore from the continuity, it.holds that 〔1.7〕 ・ δ∼.一青★θ.=O on 厄. ¢ t On the other hand, the system of Pfaff Jequations on矛: dii=0 ト1・”・・n・ ・・ac・呼・。t・・。・。g励・。,,,t。唖。,e血,。gra・。ub。皿、f。・d、、 q−・(。一・(、)),。r カ of B. Hence it holds that ・ Σ diα^diorZ=o ’ ・mod 6∼工,・.●,din, f「°m(1・5)and the th・grem・f F・・b・n釦・・舳by・Vi・t…fth・C・・t…’・ 1e㎜a, we can put ・ 碗α=Σ5zゴα㌧+Σ㌧βαasβ・ hdlαβ=%βα・ By the exterior differentiation of 〔1.7〕 and the above e(luation, we have Σ〔d6ic《一〒「★θゼニiブーΣSz,《αa三α〕^δiE元=o− Applying the Cartan,s le㎜a, we can put あ萄一行★θ㌘一Σ5㌘αdiα=Σ□ぷ与・ 膓ゴk=Ttkj’・ Therefore it holds that 3萄α=−5元α・ 膓ぷ=一「握た・ By the ab°ve a「騨ent・we°btam㌦=0・ln suma「ry・we have (1・8) a∼zゴーff *θ ig’=Σ5zゴα aiα, ε㍗ブα=一σゴzα , (1・9) 6izα=Σぷiゴα 苗ゴ+Σhiαβ δ三β3 hinβ=hiβα ・ Gi・・n a Ri・−i・n・ub・…i。n。、f+k− Bn, f。r、nyゐ。f B, th。 k 一工 dimensional submanifoldπ 〔b) is called a fiber, and a tangent vector of〃 is vertical or horizontal if it is tangent or orthogonal to a fiber with respect to the metric on〃. We shall denote by V the distribution of〃 composed of all the vertical tangent vectors and H the distribution of〃 composed of all the horizontal tangent vectors.1(.II(UTA [[hen f「°m〔1・9).・a1σng・fiber・一㌧。βi・the sec・nd㎞・㎞・nt・1 fbm of the fiber as k輌ensi㎝al sul)㎜ifbld of〃.with respect『to the nomal vect°「ei・Afibe「is said t・b・t・t・11y g・・d・・ic・ if hi。β疏i・h ide・tirally 飢dt・t・11y⑭ili・if仁(hi。β)i・e鴨殉ere p・・PO・ti・n・1 t・th・id・ntity matrix fbr ea(;h i. A vertical vector X=ΣXCte is called an as》mptotic vecto「 ・f・f・ber p・…d・d 2・、。B子鵬・・f・r・・ach・・.αF・・m(・.・〕飢・〔・.・〕,聴・・v・ 碗α= Σ8zゴα diz^苗ゴ+ Σ (hi。β diz+di。β〕^diβ, ’ N hence, by the theorem of Frobenius, the system of Pfaff equations on F: 苗。=o ・=・+1・…・・+た・ h・・a・・1・ti・n if and・nly if 5⑳=0・th・t i・th・h・「iz°ntal dist「ibuti°n ’s’n
ヌe隠゜lly詩蕊。h。。se ac。。rd、 。n。、《。。d“。f
・u・hth・t{π(の・〔bl・°°・・bn)}i・a1・ca1…rdint・n・ig比・血・・d・f・(・・。)i・ φ四。__。ke。・。ca・。。。rd・。tae(。,、,…,。。.、〕㎝・。・,h。,亮・。. L・tψb・a 10cak…ss−secti㎝・f∂・鴨・ぽd・upP・se that the fmcti°ns 5⑳ and hi。βv・ni・h id・ntically・・ぴ・n・・mce∬i・int・g「abl・・the ab°ve・・x,、 can be chosen such that (1.10〕 Hence, (1.11) diceδ三α=ΣPαβ(Xl’°・・,Xn+k)cl tβ・ th。 ki。m。nni。n。。t。i。 d。2。n♂+k。。n b。 gi。。n by whe「e g。β= and 〔1.10), dn the other hand, ds2= Σ≦7¢ゴ〔xl,・..・,Xn〕《友Z〈ヱ苫ゴ+ Σ9αβ(Xl,.◆・,Xn+た)〈玩α〈友β, ΣpYαpYβ・Since%αand㌦βare identically ze「°・f「㎝〔1・9〕 we have ddi★diα= Σ箏★あαβ^PβY・友Y・ from (1.10),we have ddi★δiα= Σdi)αβ^deβ・ By means of E. Cartan,s lemma, from the above two equations, we can put dPαβ一Σ0★6∼αYPYβ= ΣQαBYciXY, Hence, it follows that 霊!一Σ」¥dil lS’9・p,,… QαβY=ρB。Y・ARIEMANrglAN SUBMERSI㎝ thu・・f・・m th・d・finiti・n・f%β・鴨}田・e 裏β・Σ畢・,,・Σ・ぷc ・Σ裂・〔P6。PYβ ’ Py。Pδβ)… Therefbre, we have PROPOSITI(別1.1. th・ t。t。Z。pac。 f+k spaee♂. 1ア輪fibers ar,eカ0施ZZy geode8io and H is integrd,Ze. is ZocaZZy輪Rtemcznn伽pro‘imt Oアαア訪θr and砺bα8θ
Since鴫㎎y c°nsi由「おthe・ec・nd㎞㎞e・t・1 fbm㌦βi・a…ss−sec−
ti°n°f the vect°「bmd1・ぼ胴γ・鴨・四d th・int・grability t・…rS輌a
cross−section of the vector bundle H⑧冴oγover〃, their covariant derivative hi。β。飢d SZ」。。 a「e defined as fb11㎝・・ 〔1’12) ΣhiCtβadiα=dhinβ+ Σhkaβδiki+ ΣhiYβdiYα+ Σ)靴αY苗Yβ’ 〔1.13〕 Σ3ZJ(va6ia=ζ15ゼゴα+Σ5ヌヒ」ブαδikZ+ΣSikCtdikゴ+ΣSi]」βδiβCt・ By exteriorly differentiating〔1.8) and (1.9〕,we obtain へ k (1・14) ΩZJ一昔★ΩZゴ= Σ(S乞左α号兄α+S¢ゴα5た鳥α〕dik^苗兄+ Σ(5ZJαk−5ン瓦βカZβα +sゼたβ乃」βα+s£ゴαs友βα)あk^苗α+ Σ(5zゴαβ+SZkβ5kij’α +海ZYβ㌧Y。)diβ^苗。・ へ(1・15) Ωゼα= Σ(5右《Ctk+Skiβhinβ)dik^苗ゴ +ΣhiαβYdiY^δiβ +Σ〔S¢ゴαβ 一力¢αβ」 −Sik。s匂βづ。Y㌧Yβ)diβ^苗」・ From (1.6) and (1.9),we can put diαβ一Σ苗αY^苗Yβ=一≒{一ΣKαβabdiα^あz, on 云・ Then if we put fiCtβ=一 ÷ΣKCtβ.YεdiY^diε on P・94 K.Ikt皿A ム is the fonns derived from the culvature foIms of theΩαβ sionπ. Hence, fr㎝〔1.6〕,we have fiber of the submer一 (1ユ6〕 らβ「6αβ= ΣhたαYhkβεdiY^苗ε+ Σ 〔Sikαぷゴたβ一 ÷」〈αβ云7〕dii^∼5ゴ +Σ(SkiαhkβY−SkiBhkαY−xαβ¢Y〕苗z^diY・ Fr㎝ 〔1.14),we have 〔1.17) へ
Rw一青★R㈱=3 Ps鋤5碗・
、 and this shows that /7 is integrαわZθ if and on Zy if the 6eotionaZ ourvatu㌘θ ・τf+kf。一四・ぬ娠Z鞠・。t.pZan。 i.。q21al t。嚇力。f♂拘。 it. ρ幼・σ力伽力・♂([1]〕.,、㎝;1灘f。三i蕊ζ覧。三、tl:二=t:1:lrt:fblh惣1,1:me°
curvature tensor of the nomal connection vanishes identically. Then, from 〔1.9) and (1.14),we have 〔1.18) ♂1ゴαβ =5£ゴαβ一Siゴβα〔Σ(sたiαSkij’β一5kzβ%佃〕 ・n4−1(・−1(b)). There fbre, if冴 is integraわZθ5 the ηoτ棚αZ conneσtion o了α 了乞Z)θ㌘ induc或f from 〃is 了Zαヵ. From (1.14〕 and (1.6〕, it holds that (1.19〕 KCtβiゴ=Si三7αβ 一5£ゴβα+2Σ 〔5k毎5κ7β 一SkiBεkj’α)+Σ 〔hiy,BhゴYα 一海ZYαカゴYβ)・ Comparing (1.18) and 〔1.19),we obtain 〔1.20) 穫ゴαβ=καβ右《+ Σ 〔花。%β一5螂%。)+Σ(hiYβ元《Yα一んZYα方ゴYβ)・ Though the following two Propositions are partially shown by R. HeTmam 〔[2D,we give the proof in detai1. Ag・・d・,i・m〆i, ca11。d。h。ri・。n・al.9。。d。,i・if it, t。ng。n・ve・t。r 、 is always horizonta1. 卿mSIT・〔N・.2.(・〕49・。de。垣ぱ+㌔苑。ε。鞠。。⇔。。鋤。鋤。 initiαZρo仇亡is horiaonta Z isαカ0㌘igon施Z geodeste.(b)効・P・・拠伽・f。h。?ig繭Z g。。吻碗。 f+㌦。9④de。垣・Bη.
(・)卿励翻。Z Z碓。f。ge。4θ8碗。 Bn i。α9。。』垣。 f’k.
ARIEMANNIAN SUBMERSION
PROOF OF(・〕. let b・b・ ・g・・d・・i・i・〃+㌦dカit。 arc・。。gth. th。n we have . 鷲Ll{一Σ㌧。,(∂〕・・、〔あ・・。,〔あ}・,(あ・ ぺ where we choose a frame field along O and denote it by the same notat ion. る H・nce di。(C)can be c㎝・idered…1uti・n・f the sy・t・m・f th・h・mg・n・・u・ ordinary differential ecfuations of order l with. k unknown f㎞ctions as above. る ∩ei「eif it。h°1dS that di・(°〕=°at the i”itial P・i”t・we have di。〔0)=0・1・ng O・ PROOF OF(b〕. L・t∂b・ah。ri・㎝t・19・・d・、i。血f+k。nd C。。m。。th ・u・v・i・♂・u・hth・t・・∂・0. F・㎝(1.8)飢d〔1.9),taking・・uit・b1・ frame field, we have エ 瑠L禦・2Σ・、ゴ。¢〕・ゴ〔句・。(あ・Σ㌦,〔∂)・,(さ〕・。(3)。 ゆ N where カ is an arc length of O. Since C is a horizontal geodesic, the right hand side of the above equation vanishes. Hence O is a gθodesic in♂. PROOF OF (c). Let O be a geodesic in Bn and∂one of the horizontal lifts of C. Then, fr㎝(1.8〕{md〔1.9),analogously as above, we have N N el・;;e;c)・響・Σ、h、。,(∂)・,(e)・・、〔あ・Σ・。,〔あ・,〔あ・・,・ £ 莇きlc〕・響L・Σ・、ゴ。(b)・ゴ〔あ・。〔あ一Σ・h、。,伽,〔〉)・。〔あ・・, where カ is an arc length. This completes the proof. Q.E.D. P即POS・TI(rv・1.3.方吻力。カ。Z。pa。。♂+㌦。。』カ。.彬わ。。..P。。.♂励砺醐・㌘・鋼・・ゆz・カ・.
PROOF. Let O be a geodesic segment in Bn and b its horizontal l ift in・f+k. Then f。㎝〔・)。f P。。PO、iti。・1.2, b・i, ・g・。d・、i・in・f+k 。nd。ince f+ki, c,”,pl。t。, b。a。・b。 i。finit。ly eXt。nd。d. F㎜〔b)。f P。。p。。iti。。1.2, the projection of this extension is also a geodesic in Bn and it is an exten− si㎝・f O. Hence♂is c・rrPlete.K.1日皿A Ne・t・w・・de・・e by 4(怜・p.のth・di・t飢ce㎞・ti。・。n〃◆友(re。p.。 〃 F . . fiber) with respect to its Rie㎜ian metric. For any pointカofβ,1et
re,VJ,(慧漂蒜蒜。:・霊血S雲. By出。。…
…t・n・』・・f〃戒,{㌔}・㎝鴨・g・・t・a輌㌔in・“+た.[1・en・w・・h・ve ’ b。・・(%)・・i・・(㌔)・ろ・H・ncex。 i・a輿血・・ffヤカ)・ 伽th・・th・r㎞d・“・飢・h…ea・ui励1・1・cql…「din・t・〔・、・…μ。.k) around xO such that ui=ci(c㎝stant)・i=1・°°’・η・gives a part of the fiber of ・・U・i・g・hi・…a・・…d皿・・, we・ee・ha・・㎞㌔・%加一1(b)・Iheref・re・rkb)i・c卿1・t・. q.E.D.
§2.Certain Riemannian submers ion. L。t・、♂+k−♂be a随_i孤、。bmer。i。。. F。㎝。㎝。。,鴫ass㎝。 th・t・・2, k・2孤d th・t・t・1。Pace〃÷瓦i・a、P。ce。f・㎝・t鋤t・。w。t。。e。. W。d㎝。t。 byぴ(。)。、pac。。f。㎝、t飢t。urvat。。e。.輪f。㎝〔1.14), 〔1.15〕 and (1.16),we have the fbllowing eq皿tions 硫ich will be used in the rest of the paper. (2.1) (2.2) (2.3) (2.4) (2.5〕 (2.6〕 5云ゴαβ=5¢ゴβα一Σ(ゐZYβんゴYα一hiYCthゴYβ)一Σ〔SkiαSkj・β一5kZβ5匂α)・ ・誠=5w+2 Y・ ・」kβ hi。β・ hi。βY=hi。Yβ. hiαβj 38zゴαβ +Σ(SkiαSk《β一hiαy KαBiiタ=Σ(Skin Sk《β一Skiβぷkゴα)・Substituting
(2・1) |illto ・膓。,・Σ(h、,α From (1.20) and (2.6), 〔2.7) (1.18),we obtain h. −h iYβ ∂Yβ it holds that 4ゴ。β・・。β、」・ h. ). JYCt ㌧Yβ)一・δzゴδ。β・ Fr㎝(2.5),〔2.6〕and(2.7),we obtain the following Proposit i㎝eas ily. PROPOSITI(別.2.1. Let。,f’k(。)一♂カ。。尻。_i、加。加。。i。n. 効θη輪」5ZZα吻98α陀equivaZentカ0α1θ㎝0訪θr・ 〔。)励。。晒Z拠。。力伽。了。櫛。,i。dU。。dカ。耐+麦(。)i。顕.ARIEMANNIAN SU螂ICN
(b〕K。βピo(・)τア’・・鋤・カ・Hi”(hi。β)・鋤・Zゐ輪力瑠ゴ=悟・ .
〔d)1ア『”θ』te SCt=(S伽)二‥z4s微力
w・3β=ぷβ5・・. Re。。rk. C。n,ideri。g。Ri。m、nn迦。⑰鵬・・i㎝・・ぴ(・)→f, f㎜〔2.6), 〔2.7) and (2.1),we have the f6110wings. (i) 」:f the fiZbe?S are totaZZ!ダ ≦7θ0〈lesic, the η0τ初αZ eonnection ofα fiber is アZat. し . (i〕・ft励・踊・Z・・・…ti・n・f・fib・r・i・ρ・ちit h・tds that Siゴ。β” Siゴβ。・ By the straightforward caluculation, we have the fOllowing Le㎜a. 皿鰍2.2. 五θカ∠1αnd B●θηoη一gero〕eeaZ sたθω一synenetコ㎡oη×ηlnat「iees .吻微垣B・BA. th。。腕.力醐。鋤・θ碗・カ・宕・・∫bzあω吻・加・・吻θ・願Z N ハηatTix whioh カ㌘αη8」句捌S 4 into A3 where轡::llll◎欝:;∴.
、・
掾k;Zl;;雪122ゴ〕一…・ρ・u・h・h・t
璃…一プ・ ・j−・…ち・9… ・戸・一・・
2・ wh・nλ乞=一λゴ・bn.・。2ゴ.・=一わ2ち2ゴ・b2i.・.2ゴ=b2i,2ゴー・; ・れen λi≠±λゴ , Bz」一〔8 ;〕 ・ 』 Fr㎝(1.17〕,we have the following Proposition. P即POSITION 2.3. L。t。、♂+k(。)→♂(。)加α読一鋤・ub…s伽。屹。・Bn
k。)z・・了…st・tht・ur・・t・tre. lfα・ら砺・垣日i・t・g・mbZe・ PROPOSITI(Pt 2.4. L。t。,f+k〔。〕→Bn(。〕わ。。鋤励伽・ubm…伽. .sueh thatα≠。αnd協θhormaZ oonneetioη0アthe fiber induoed戸0ηf+k is fZat. Thθn n isθvθn・ PROOF. From (1.17),we haveK.1】(σTA り 315⑭5・ゴ・=α一゜ .f°「皿y迦dゴ・t≠ゴ・°nF’ ・。・(s..z∂Ct)are th・rea1・k・w−s卿・t・i・m・t・ices・aPd since a’c・ at leas: °ne ・f3。 i・n・n−ze・・m・t廊・lh・n・・m・y assume that Sn・・is n㎝ z u°mat「u at a point i of i without loss of general ity and by replac ing 王by another ・n・・nth・fiber・f(fl, F(B),ff)th・・ughア, w・ ・aP’t・an・f・ym Sn.、麺t・the following matrix・. .
⊆網一へλ・閤・a…孤・弓・・〔8
2ρ for λ≠μ, λ,v=1,2,・・.,ρ. If 2ρ<n, from the above equation, it follows that there is at least one of ・。.2・…・・。.k ・hi・h i・n・・−zer・mat・iX・t thi・p°int・Since・f「°m P「°p°s’一 ・i・n2…it h・・d・th・t S。5β=5β5。・f・・m L・㎜・2・2・we have l5萄嚥=° 翻≦’≦2ρ・2ρ+1≦ゴ≦n・ 血ich contradicts to the previous equal ity. Hence n=2P・ Q・E・D・ PROPOSITIO}こ2.5. dnder the sαune oondition o了Propositi−on 2’43 7:f we NP・・ GCt−{飴司ぷ。の・o}・8θ。 z・』θ姫・ n(n−−1) PR・・F・Si・ce・。・fl−RT ar・c・n・i㎜・u・血・cti・ns, G。 a「e the°pen ・ubset・f互Since, f・r ・ny コ・f云,・here i・3。・u・h・h・t 5。⑦・°…have N uG=F. α α N ・・r…fiX・dr。・f・fl…田・㎝・・i。」。・。げ。〕≠°皿dput Si。ゴ。β(f・)=λβ・. th・n v−〔λ。.、・…・λ。.∂i・an・n−zer・ k di皿ensi°nal vect°「・ be・・ti・g・he right t・…1・・i・n c・r・e・p・・di・g B=〔わ。β)・0㈹in the P輌・ip・1 fiber bund1・(fa, F〔B〕・ff)by RB・w・have S%ゴ00、〔1「Bfo〕;ΣわO・βλβ・ Since λ ≠0, we can choose B near the identity of O〔た〕 such that ・、。ゴ。。(RBfo)・・f・ra・・・・…cew・h・v・ R,f。眠・伽・&・。・・d・n・e in矛’ Q.E.D. PROPOS ITION 2.6. deder がzθ same eondition o了Proposition 2・4・ For any n殉励・励・・d〃・ア卿ρ・仇力・・0・ff+た〔・)・幼・r・is an・P・n・痂θ右%。fひ⊇鋤・・ean・h・・sθαZ・・αZ…8s−8e・鋤qs・f q・・θ・σ。・微
ARIEMANNIAN SUBMERSION
・・尻・子碗’ 刀C(6’cx))・毛(・)・。, an⑭・8・。鋤.卿・・f%,・. PROOF・F「°P〔・)・f P・・p・・iti・・?・・1・・U・f兎arC..・掘・an・・鵬・y di・g輌1i・gd・t㊨.」。=(・。・・」(x。)・∵…。.k.〔㌔))・f P・・ha・i・. サ ’hi。β()b)・毛(%〕δ。β・ 、
First we consider the case that at least one of H. has distinct ’ t Neigenvalue・at㌔飢d聡・m・y…ume H、 is s・with・・tユ・…fg㎝・・ality・ F°「飢yn・ig吻rh・・d U df・。・1・tφb・1・ca1…ss−secti・n・P・ver・(の.砲i・h sati・fies.φ(・〔%))=(・〔%)…ei(%〕・・‘・・π。・h(%〕)and・li。 b・a1㏄・1と・・ss二1 coinsides:with∬. . 1. . . For aPy vertical ve(三tor fields LX=Σ;rqeα‘ahd’Y= ΣyCXe(£ on 〃, let < , >and〔,)be the fbllo輌g imer product: ” 1『
〈x,Y〉=@Σ碧ヱα ダ (x,】つ=Σ乃1αβ x”f・ te・…nd・y b・ve・・i・a・・ve・t・r fi・・d・…ぬi・h・a・i・fy〔・,・〕・も・X.・・飢d〔醐・
`・Y…f・・皿・ve・…a・ve・t・・fi・・d・,・h㎝i弍・ も・・e・h… <X,Y>=O and (x,y)=0・ Taking accomt of definition, we have 』 . (x・」つ一えくx・】r∼= Σ〔kiβY二たδβY)frY ・ −1:::,1贈と霞゜t:ra;’㌶la遮゜1、:当㌫:1,、、y
孤d皿畑・1y d・t・nmingd. 9・r・pt it・dire・yig・・Taki・g th・・e X。.・li th・’・1・・6・t N .θソofτ:=ψ(x) fOt any苫of〃・Hl ls diagonal izρd smqothly through O・ Then f「㎝〔・)・fP・・四・iti・n 2・1・鳩・飢珊・・thly“i・g・n・1i・ed司1・f Hi simultaneously on 〃throughΦ and by virtue of Proposition 2.5, such 〃canbe c加sen司〔の⊂8G。・,. −. ・ .
Next lwe−consideT the case that, for eadh i, at least one of eigenvalues・f星・n・t・麺…t5・…駕b・the eig・nv…r・・f・、…h・h・t 』
丸.、㊥・…・ち.た(r) f・−y)・f・fa・・nd・・(」?)・b・th・・⑭…fdi・ti㏄・ ・ig・nva・ue・・f・、・・?・Smceもare c・n・m・・us,・㊦i・・㎝er・e血一 ・・nt血・・u・ at ?。.飢d h・nce th・r・i・. a n・ighb・由・両・f)。・・Ch・h…(r)・m〔㌔〕 f・t・ ・ny・?・f V・L・t・m、 b・thr㎜・㎞…ゆer・f m(r)・n ti and )、 b・th・p・血t ・f∂…hth・t・(∼)・M、・th・n it・げ・b1・(r)・m、}i・孤・p・n・ubset・f∂・K.IKt汀A T輌g㎝γ九・f tt ・nd P・t il(r、)=・、…t・、・…・・。、 b・th・di・tin・・ eige卿alues°f聖atち・u山th・t n・(・・〕・’°’・n♂勾副・、・…・・。、 b・i・・ ㌔・ ・ mu〔1tiplicity at ・ Fo「any neighbOrhood”O of xユ in 4(鏡)・ 1et φbe a local cross「secti㎝ ゜fp°町π(%)such th・tφ(・(x、))=(・〔x・)・…、@、)・…・…。〔x、))皿d 6。 be a 1°cal c「°ss−secti…f4・ve・%砲id・wer・φ・lh・n・f・・any・x・f%・ we have 〔・、〔・〕一・)兄1…(・m、(・)一・)兄烏 1㌔,」…。,1・ Henceη1,・・●・nml are smooth fUnctions and ∼V兄‘(x〕={xlΣ hlαβ(x)子=ni(x)Xβ}・ i=1・…・m、・a「ea1・・・…th thm・thφ。・』t 6、 be a 1㏄・1…ss−secti・」n・f a°ve「%曲ich c・ve・・φ飢d fb・any・x・f%・ll、ω・(・・e、(・〕・…・・。.κω) is as飴11°噸9:θ…(x)・°”・θ。・・、〔・)d・、(・);・。・昆、・、ω・…・・。.£、.、、ω 』‘刀見2ω;’”;θ融一兄㌔÷1(x〕・”◆・θη+kωぼ兄堺、ω・ Then H、 can be ・m°・thly・di・g・n・1i・ed ・n W。 th…gh・li、 and・inc・HユH2・H2H、・ through this di1 ’we have H = 2 L21 五22 0 . ● .0 ・ L 兄坊 ゜n”Wo・ 曲e「e L2i・伺・…・㍗are th・£i×兄パ㎜・t・i・mat・ice・・S’ince Hi d・・e n・t ch飢ge by the°「th°9°nal t「an・f・㎝・ti…f・。・ユgx)・’”・・。.2、〔・)f・r飢y…f %・by the s輪盟y・the「e is飢・畑・Ubset U、 df V。・n曲i・h五兄、 c舳・ ・m・thly di・g皿・1i・ed・・nd・by・th・・㎝・r・a・㎝・there i・…P㎝・ubset%・f U、 °n・Which L£、 c皿be sm・Othly di・g㎝・1i・ed・In thi・泌y・ぼ2・飢b・・m・thly
di・g。・ali・ed㎝諭・p・n・ub・et㌦、・f%・ ・
Si砲早3=H3H2・日3・・i・・e・・1ved・・re fin・1y th飢∬2・・nd h旬ceエ・th・.一慨岬3c励e sm°°thly diag°nalied°n飢゜pen subset°f㌦、・.Hence㎝
acc°皿t°f㌘ゴ=∬把Z・there i・an・Pe・・ubset%・f%0鴨・⑰i・h・e c釦
ch°°se a 1・cal cr・ss’secti㎝φ・f q・u・h th・t・th・・ugh li・・11・f告・孤b・ sm°°thly diag・nali・ed・㎞1t・n・・u・1y・By・i・t…fP・叩・siti・n 2・5・thi・%can be ch°sen such th・tφ(σ。〕・8G。・ Q・E・D・’
§3.RieTnannian sub.鵬rsion with 2:1dimens.ional base space. L・t・・ぴ(。)→B2〔。〕be a Ri。m。mi皿。Ub鵬。,i輌ith・k.2.・f。・e, fr㎝PropOsition 2.3,亙is integrable, hence we consider the caseσ≠o.ARIEMANNIAN SUBMERSION
Then fr◎m (1.17〕, we have(3・1) ・ 1(5⑳〕2・÷〔一・〕・燭・ .
・血ce・。・(5..τ♂α)一泣.・ke・・輌・・・・…ma…ces・鳩・飢・碇翻。〔.2;} 砲er・V、、 ・r・ ・…th㎞・ti。・…P・h㎝ce卿ti㎝.i3・1)tak・・t品・麺1・fbm
(3.2) Σ(μα)2=÷(α_o): α Thi・・h㎝・th・t・t 1・おtα・e・fμ。 i・・㎝一・erσ・t each p・血t・f fa・(恒h・:le;瓢。=h蹴。sgl・后矯願。p蕊’:㍍1。召。2㌫
on which we can dloose a local clross−section 60f 4 such that . hi。β〔6ω)・亀ωδ。β飢d6(ze)・8∂。 f・−y・・f〃。・砲ere・。・{矧・。(」)・・}・ Through∼5, from (2.4),we. obtain(3・3〕 hi。βi=μぷβ fb… β・
(3・4) hi。βゴ=5⑳β f・rα・β飢di・あ
and fr㎝〔1.12),we have ■ の (3.5) ΣhiCtβαdiα=(亀_鬼〕δ∼αβ fbr α≠β on ”0° H・nce if ・S・%i・孤励i・ica・Pein・・f・h・f拓er・一’(・(x、))・w・・h・v・ ㌧。β。(li〔・、))=Ofb「・≠β血i・h t・g・ther with(3・3)㎞Pli・・ ・。〔φ(xi))・β〔li〔・、)〕E・允rα・β・This c・n…di・1・…di(x、〕・a・。・th・t・』竺蕊)ells=ll遮:。:蕊惣・1:;.H叢。t瓢、
a「ediag°nalized㎝”。 th・・ugh li・・qu・ti・・〔2・2〕㎞Plies・ ,
・、2。、〔li〔x))・一・・。(5(・〕〕もωf・・x・U。・ Diff6rentiat ing (3.1) and using the above eqUat ion, we have 晶ω{・。(di(・))}2・・釣…〃。・ By the same way, we obtain ■(…)1ち(・〕{・。㈱)}2・・f・・…。・
輪鴫d飢ea・ily・h・w・th・t th・f。nowing 2k ve・t。r fi。1d、 are a・卿t。ti。・ , K.IKUTA ポ vector fields on% and some たof them are linearly independent. ±μ3θ3±…±μ2.ke2.k・ 一 . 、 7・
蒜濫{㌔。lifx),IB;16.9;・∼(lll。㌔、;。:1。認,:e隠遮、le
血ず+た(・)・・i・・h・諏垣・h・f・…w血9. 1・et{P.be any local cross−section of∂ over 〃, and for any x of 〃, putψ〔x)=〔x・εユ〔x〕・・°°・∂2+k〔x))・ If we put θα= Σααβ診β and・ei=ΣZ・Zゴεゴ on@[10 fヒ)r (ααβ〕∈0〔k).and 〔々£ゴ)ε0(2),we have l.iα〔正(x))=Σlaβ 〔φ〔x))αβα fbr apy x of∼7(〕which shσws that Σμα(頑〔x〕)εα(x)=Σμα (φ〔x))θα〔x’).’Here ・ ・・U・ed・h・…m・y.・9・n・ider(わジi・p・・per・・…mm・ry…hと・・.田…0肥M3.1..
ウ。t.B・f’K(。〕→B2〔。)わ。。Ri。manni、m。uゐm。.。i。四鋤 a≠oαndた≧2・ 2ワzen we ハzαve カ12θ 」貨)ZZowin≦78.〔・)鋤WW晒・・…王・一%・王f+た(・). th・・…an・…subset
ひOof”on whieh we oan ohoose k ZinearZy independentαsymptotie vector fieZds and thecee exist no vanbiZioaZ points o了劫θfibers throughひ0・ (b〕M…t{ゐ・B2(・)1・−1〔ゐ)鋤。t t。t。ZZ“鋤蹴。αZ}τ。 an。P。。』。。。吻。t。餌2〔。). ・
(・)tTV、er・ i。 an。,ympt。坑。。θ。カ。,醐4。ア抗。櫛。。。η〃2+k(。)。h。se Z。鋤・ i・÷〔a−o)・ From now on, we suppose fUrthermore that the fibers of the Riemannian ・ub耐。i・nπ・評(。〕→B2(。)’are。f。。。,t。n・。urvat。re,。。d・f。r皿y p。i。tゐ _ユ (b〕. Then equat ion (1.16〕 takes theof B, 1et k〔●〕 be the curvatuτe o fπsi叩1e f・rm、 『
(3・7)@1㌦・㈱〕㌦(藪@))=k(・@)〕一・f°「α≠β・
〔3・7つ Σ穐〔x)発@〕・k(・〔・)〕一・f・r・・β・ fb・呼P・int°x・f%・By vi・tu・・f(b〕・f Th・・rem 3・1・・t lea・t㎝・・f ㌦・Σ彪i・n。・一・er・at・ach p・i…f〃。 and・h・nce t・k血9%・uffi・i・…y sma11・w・皿ay assu・ne th・tγ3 i・n・n−ze「・vect・「fi・1d㎝∂。 with・ut 1°ss°f generality. By means of the definitiOn of 6 in Propos ition 2.6, the horizontal bas is・・f…dby輌・・…噸・h・t・、=−rl,li’i3i aP・・2 i−・・h・…㎝…vect・r
f…d・rth・g㎝・・t・・、・−Th・n,・h・・ugh・h・・い・h・・d・’・h・tち・・md 6・・ onひ . . ’ 0ARIEMANNIAN SUBMERS ION In the f°11・wiit・g・w・inv・・tig・t・・u・・ubmer・i・n・n,・U。 with’・5・[[[h・n from (3.7つ,we have
(3・8)・も=
yf6壬β≧:4・.
Differentiating the above equatioh, β, Y distinct to each others. Hence equation 〔3.5〕 beco皿es . (発一穐)diβ。㌔,。・吉。ββ ・・β・1㌦,渦・・r・・β・ . 3・ ㎞・・ip・yin・・h・曲・ve e呼i・亘by亀皿d・−i・h re・p・ct t・ち…b・・血 (3・1°)÷(k一已)〔α一・〕〔、1子苗・α=1㌧α』+;㌧・・h・・ββ…膓・伽h…ゐ fbrα≠β by (3.7っ and 〔3.9). 』 Letθβ〔μα)be the de「i・・tive・fφ㌔by・t・ng・nt vect・・fi・1d・β〔x)in σ・・砲e「eφω=@・e・〔勾・…・・2・た〔・〕)・lh・n diffe・㎝ti・t血9(3・9)by・β・ we obtain, fエて)m the left hand side, Hence equati°n〔3・5)坤1i・・th・t㌔β。=OfO・.・≠β…3・β・3・and・thi・ t°gethe「with(2・3)・sh・w・th・t h、。βY=°f・…β・Ydi・tin・t t・each・th・r・・ Thu・1・t㌔β(・〕b・the sec・nd fund・me・t・1 fbm・f・fiber with・espect t・a・・r…竺…Vect・r…eSee・h・t・…・・・・…〔k・・iい…・…
di・ti・・t t・each・thers・曲ere㌔β(・〕Y i・th・‘c・vari皿・deri…i…fh。β〔・)、 with「espect t°・Y・F・㎝(3・6)『・’a・id.〔3・7〕・f・r fi・・d・・…bt・in「@’
・・1〔 子or)29・・)2・(k−・)晶〔・・〕2・ then from (3.2),it holds that − ( コ R・9) Σ〔穐 t〕・・(著Uξ・(μ・)2・(e−k)iiil一σ)一(μ・)2}. Tal・ingα=3・we see that・−k≠0飢d henceΣ(矛α〕2≠Of・r a・・yα. This ㎞Pli・・th・d迦…i㎝・f・・pace・P・n・ed by ・3・…・長・t・a・h p・血・…f% is 2飢d we卿ass㎝・th・t V4=α・、ナゐ・2 fb…m・ real・㎞・ti・n・・and・b and everywhereカ≠Owithout loss of general ity. Then we ha⑰e『 ’ …β一早㌔・囲一;・・。,・ it h°lds that h、。βY=Of・「α・K.IKσTA 21ゐ伽θβ(h. TCXOt)=21カ㎞伍伽・’1ゐ・古(θβ)−2≧hi・α苗・α(θ・〕) =21㌧・・hin・xβ一2諮・・hk…d’ki・(e・) =21み拠h伽・・ and from the right h…md side 書⑭(・一・)(、i)・・β〔・・)・ ͡ using Proposition 2.6 and the fact k is constant on each fibers. Hence we obtain l・融・…÷(k−o)(・一・〕☆・・(・・〕;’ Therefbre equation (3.10) becomes as fbllows. 〔・…〕・,。・ e・Br・。)・。・〔、1鵠{1㌧αα・ ・,・㌻αα㌧。、ゐ}・
S血・e di。β㌔=0・f・㎝〔3・11)・鵬・bt・m .・
〔…2)(姦;:。)1・鋤h ・f・α〔・8)… ”
and (…3〕1{(・・)㌔・〔・・)2乃幽・・ゴ・°・ Us ing〔3.3)and(3.4),equati㎝(3.13)can be e)Φressed as 〔1璃ぱ〕・〔1〕・欝二註::)蕊le,鷲゜還r蕊鷲。19・va,襟:.
Accordingly, we obtail1 (…4)(・。)2ム・一(・,)隔 ㊤・…3・
頭・』f・㎝(3.6), 穂obtain −(k−2)(・3)2ム・・,⊇麺・i・・.…
beca・se・,・・飢dち… ’
・・㎝〔…4)孤dち… w・・ha…H、・(・)皿d・hi・…g・th・・wi・h〔…〕・ARIEMANNIAN SU[BMERSION implies that h・・βα=°f°「・≠β・H・nce by−・・f(3・3)・w・・h・v・P,、llβ・=・ fO「°「xβ and thi・c・・t・adi・t・t・0(x〕・8a。・th・…h・v・p・・v・d・u・m・i・ theorem as follows. [[HE・REM・3.2.鋤W・Z・−ian 。。bhe。。鋤。、f+㌔)→B・(。)。鋤 α≠oCtndた≧2, it is impossibZe thαt eaeh fiz)θヱ。 is ofσonstant oureature.