Faulkner's Redefinition of Quentin's Suicide: Southern Guilt and Self-Punishment in Absalom, Absalom! 利用統計を見る

Faulkner's Redefinition of Quentin's Suicide:

Southern Guilt and Self-Punishment in Absalom,

Absalom!

著者

竹内 理矢

雑誌名

白山英米文学

号

38

ページ

71-95

発行年

2013

URL

http://id.nii.ac.jp/1060/00004440/

Creative Commons : 表示 - 非営利 - 継承 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/deed.ja

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SouthernGuiltandSelfLPunishmeminziわ〃ん卿，』らsαん刑／

MasayaTAKEUCHI

1．WritingtheSouth:Ambivalenceandthe66SavageIdeal'' 、MlliamFaulkner'sboutsofexcessivedrinkingwhilewritingandhishospitalization duetoalcoholismseemtosuggestthattheactofwritingabouttheSoutharousedin himtheurgetohurtorpunishhimselflnfact,FaulknerfeltGcabriefeuphoria''after finishingthefinaldrafiofi6sα〃腕,J46sαん"/(1936),butheresumeddrinkingwhile revisingthemanuscript,andhisalcoholismfbrcedhimtospendaweekinasanita血mat Byhalia,Mississippi(Blotner928-29).Faulkner'spsychiamst,Dr.S.BemardWortis, reportedthatGGhesufferedwithproblemsoftheSouthwhichweresomehowrelatedto hisowntensions.Hewassosensitive.．、thatlifemusthavebeenvelypainfillfbrhim. Obviously)hisalcoholismwasanarcotizingdevicetomakeitalmostbearablefbrhim'' (Blomerl454).Consideringthatheoftenrelapsedintoalcoholismwhilewritinghis novels,creativeactivitymighthaverenderedhislifemore"painfill''andGGunbearable";it mighthaveevokedinhimasenseofguiltfbrexposingthedarknessofSouthernhistoryj and,throughanaddictiontoalcohol,hecouldridhimselfofhisremorse・Ifalcoholism isaslowandpiecemealfbnnofsuicide,thenFaulkner'sexcessivedrinkingwhile revising46sαん腕,46sαﾉo"/wasacutelyselfdestructive,suggestingthatthecreation ofthenovelstrengthenedhiscompulsiontopunishhimselffbrcriticizmghishomeland. ForFaulknerlthel930swastheperiodinwhichhisconcernabomtheSouthem socialenvironmentdeepened,andheexpressedhisindiglationagainstthisenvironment inhiswoIks.InGGAnlntroductiontomeM""｡α"d"eF"nﾉ''(1933),Faulkneragued thatart6Ghasnoplaceinsouthernlife''GGkilledbytheCivilWarl''butitistheproductof

-Z L-I ,, . sm e s< 叩 no S e叩 m oq g /( J uI m Ig O un S !q p es S gl d x9 J Ie s 叫叩 g II X In e JG M 9I A J9 1 mU e Ul ･ (LL E )@. s uoU d eoJ e d"e u JII e 叩pu e s!s A Ieu e Jol ! qeq " gud I IeI I J,, p uec C pue 8 9Im g 叩no S e叩 d IQ J SA O IP U eU I Je I I9 q eS U el U !, , J! 9 ql U gg M Je q lO I UU O Og 叩 皿叫 p eu n u9 1 s肥 叩 GG S Se u !S e eu n J em I I, , ue l 側s O Z6 1 g叩 ユ 叩e p eJ e ed d eo q "S l 91 I JM I IJ g II m oS e 叩犯 叩 pe m IE I oI I se O .[ M @( I f6 1 )叩 " 噸a W b〃 " Va Ⅶ 町. P Ue l em o II S Iq P JE M O1 9 0u e IE A !q m eS n Ol O SU O OU n SI I I " OME I gAO U g叩目 叩 u"J o loe e 叩c1 s JH･ s uos e gJo M JJI Q Jcg u og犯 ﾕ eds e peu e AeG g l33 m Js e ue e q9 A E叩 s mu / z" O l" s 9y . z" o /" s '9 y uI I IJ n oS e 叩1 0 !p u Io 1 uo I Wu l un g l9 p sC J eu X In e J 6 uop e ugg e os! m gul p p!q J QJe p oom g 叩no S eII J GGc e lnJ d o叩 g uO " e叩 J oJ ( p9 3 "g 叩 es o dx e pI n oM o q" J om I Je u g叩 s eu p ug n be s no l es o oq o J emI I nek I pIp K II" m gKJ I nos l uIo I ds. A ppe O dIg A oss e upe s sII I pue s uo! s nle p sno m seo u l s II I uI 叫 ed e os e ue s eJ s nn o uK I oJ S II I uJ g 叩n o SJ o me u no ! pu I sI I IJ o 1I n se J g叩 s ee p Un s S 6叩 u en O pg u IJ e pa I sI g ID I In e JG j (E M s叩 u l. u ′m o pu o g3 叩 o叫 s KⅡ C mU g A9 G gg C UJ e UI p ex M Jo 皿 sg 叩 em I gl o "o u pI n oo g II ｡ ue d mS s em o IU 狛 叩可 s Iq u Io g em e op o oI q "o e lq s Guo g Wql M 91I X gqJ 叩 emq G PeU l unn o Oue e qgA C IIP I nO" 1 cII J Jse o uIP U eJ( m ggI q JO s uI s g叩 釧 ds e p: u ed m SI I Wn r Je l sI s JI g ql J (J J em o lu o g" o ll c ol p eU j (m e H. g uI x M I elo g IJ9 1 uns u leg e uop o IpI 9 1ul s G血e l oos e lIq " uJe q moS J oes n eog q uog P eII P ikm e H犯叩 s 91E I nog d seq @ uog s eIJ c IpJ o JIe p mml e plo U mgs ｡ ued m SAm e HdI Q Juo s eaI g 叩sI q o!I I " K Jo l su g dm S e叩 J oe m gl u gg u II z zn d ls o In g II J sJ 9 Ao o un u I1 u gn b ug I IM ! ･/ " Ol " s' 9 F' 4 z" O l" s 9y u IJ I o犯 d ue u l" u eo e sc m II I gu W fo l dm g gJ K q( 6 Z6 1 )( C Jf f a鞭 加 刀加 " Ma M Z u le p !o m ss . uo S dm o Ou p ue n Oo l Je A EI J Ig 叩 ou e pu e uo p "o u uo o Me u pe p pE J eu X In e lI ･ sse l opu e :go u eIo I A6g o wse I Ion s sen s sII e loo s uoS u Isn o QJG G c1u e uno I puI , ,Jo e mml e lII e os l em q GG e de o se , ,J o em m Je 期 CA I uo 1 0u p JE M II o sO E 6I g 叩' n og p 91 c eJ I og q @( Z I" " uO n on p od n ul , ,) " ml o dg u lu m Je I IJ s g" 犯 叩犯 叩 ee s pu e "" 2 fa 鞭 加刀 加 "" ' aⅦ 犯 耶e q 1 00 I IS J Eg パ gA U I叫 V ･1 0 !p u !o l pe I JI J oA e ql p ue e de o se o lp g IJ J sA g ql ． sg s mo o g叩 J o叩 o q P eme A EqO l mgg S I,, C PeX S ICI n edl J IeS U IIq J e呵I n ekl s V･( Z If) " suo p mJs n gpu e Seg e Jpu g s jII e dse p meI o IAs I IIg s EjI q dpu e g叩血 g AgO m Ise l IJM K ISn O !os u oou n ,,J O mgj I o91 I Jqo I II" u nmu g ggg d Imm e JII m g叩n o Sgu m Jep @ (II " )@G I Ie@ q seU . poo l q@I I Jgg I q[s G Jsp m g叩] "

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Indeed,asFaulkner'ssuicidalalcoholismsuggests,heseemedtohaveselfL destructiveinclinations.TakakiHiraishiarguesthatFaulknercouldsevertiesneither withhisrealmothernorwilhhisnursemaid,CarolineBaminhisfather'sculmral absenceaffertheCivilWarlbutratherheprolongedtheserelationshipsandthusdisliked bothmothers,withtheresultthathehadacravingfbrdeathandatendencytowardselfL punishment(107-16).4HiraishinotesthatFaulknerborethelossofhislovingnursemaid asanGGinerasableunconsciousstress,''andthathehadtorepeatedlyreleasethestressof thislossbydepictingwhite-blackrelationshipsinhisnovelsevenifhefelttorturedand agonizedbytheactofdomgso(108-ll;translationmine). Itthenseemsreasonabletoassumethatthislatentdesiretodestroyorannihilate himselfmotivatedFaulknertowritea46sα/o"1,46sαﾉo"1/,and,atthesametime,made himfeelthedesiretopunishhimselfasacreator.Inotherwords,whenanovel'stheme relatestosocialcriticism--andFaulknerwrotethisnovelinaclimatedefinedbythe 6Gsavageideal''-thewhiteSouthernwriterandcriticoftheSouthoftenfeltguiltand,as aresult,wascompelledtopunishhimselfIfreintelpretingﾉ46sα/om,")"ﾉo"@/asanact ofselfLpunishment,wecanspeculatethatFaulknerpunishesQuentinashissurrogate, andthenproceedtotraceFaulkner'ssenseofguiltandselfpunishmentthroughthetext. Faulkner,motivatedbytheimpulsefbrselfLpunishment,musthavecreated4鮎α/om， J468α/o"@/amidastrugglebetweenhispersonalcompulsiontowriteabouttheSouthand theculmralprohibitionagainstcriticizingit.Withtherelationbetweencreativewriting andtheculmralclimatesurroundingintellecmalsinmind,thisessayaimstoexplore whyFaulknerdecidedtoreemployQuentinin肋皿ﾉo"1,4bsαﾉo腕/,identifyingoneof themainreasonsinthedilemmathatFaulknerhadtofaceinhisownlife.Basedon Faulkner'sdesirefbrselfpunishmentintheSouthempsychologicalclimate,itwillfirst showthatBonisascreenontowhichQuentinprOjectshismelancholicanguishover hisfatherandsisterandthatBon'sdeathisatthesametimebothamurderbasedon whitesociety'scodeofconductandamasochisticsuicideonBon'spart.Bydoingthis, − 7 4 −

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−9 ﾑー P ue e "S 9 AP e Se U eS M JI m a･ s U! 8 JI A Js A gu a Ig U eU I OM , ,肥 叩 sJ s Is u lu o sd m oO ｺ Ⅶ < J9A e "oH ･ (LC I )"1 I gul u ele e dII I JJo 1 0ek l eAg 叩 uIP o o叩9 u IS6 u OSe 叩 eSp e lMo I IJo E o1o s p ue d Ig q le J 3m g ue A EJ o JJ e de 叩 1s e l泥 パ el d ol u os d mo O BI W eo l QJ o lc ･ 9. ! ･u o IM I me l I Eme W deJ I oAo J dol , ,9J I sep s noI o suo o uns I IIo 1 uoI s sQJ u oos G 叩ue n Ose m qUJ e uel s EII g 旧 9 Jp u V･ f uo m me d g叩 o Js e jI J oe d oq g 叩u n se o ul s Iq s es s aJ u oo c I1 E Ju M op s GA I 皿E J sN J oe o mo s g叩 s ep o oI I Je W WJ o gu l ue ) Ie g "g 叩 se W ue p Io q "G 叩 ug n O< p uo o eS ･ plJ o MIe u ulu e oll I Igu I Me叩 叩 !"｡ I nS! I OqO O IeP U emS ! OmA O OlU I S9A W S G eup I oep l nnI I eql s ods l Ipu e j(J I Jed s oJd u mll g qel u esc j (IM E JsI q uee " eqf o uEd e Jos 1 pe叩 f qp e z1 u og e sI o II " Gu o sd m oO ･ JW = (0 8 HS ) "J ( eP o 1I n JP e eJ p pe m gg s M1 M Mo d uo m o1 J eqm e meJ u eAg J ouu e o[e l doe d ],, : sse u pes o 11I I SIJ s .uo s sm3 u lou n oue d IKq s eog g mp s ej f eM e ep e JI I !" s eI J ou I gI n pu e su 叩 ol n ef u e犯 叩 、瓜 3 叩I 9 1K q 叩u e nO S eq S Iu o mp e K Iuo g H･A J euW g euI I SEJ S eou l e叩s e ssI m s!p p ues s eus n opu e olI s @J9 1 qSn e psI I Iss e Jpp e oJ u opu g lun u 9JI e dde o use I Iuo s dIn o OJW C 19入 ･ 1on p uoo l enx e sJe I IJo A JI1 E 9Je 叩 9se J epI n o" 1 seo u IJQ J uIg q lJo l ugI 叫 smn d s6J I QII W eAn E 叩o叩 ､ Ce叩 犯 叩uo I snl I Ipe J JeA J Ied e seq s IJ9 I Io " no s !m o dI d pu e "u ! SJ ! A1 s oI s 6j ( pp e OJ e Ao s 9A e IE o q" m ue n O@ 1 sJ H ･q s IM e lq n op e u! s sl e u1 3 WJ o Je q JE J sI I Io M pp e O叩 ! "J s eo m AJ I Em 馳 叫s I II J oS m SS a Ju o os G up u en O ・ ｨQ " Ja 叩 〃〃 ” "鮒 a Ⅶu 1 -g O ue S qE S 6J g 印可 s II I Jo e su e sg 叩 pu e −ﾕ g 叩可 u Mo s Iq J ou o pe l du I em o os ! qu I 叩O S Ie m q皿 明 E g AO l J( p pe O -S e UI V g叩 g 3p 9 1M o 呵o c ol s sg u Su ! Ⅲ紬 u ns I II m og 1 Sn ｢ 1o u se A IJ e PW P nf P ue u oH u 99 M Je q uo n oa J Je l eo o Jd ! oa I gu I ge m Io l 9m I Ms C 叩u e nO ･ uo m u3 o og J s. J 91 I Ws 1 II s 9A E Io o II M uo s es e uo g s1 0 1d e p叩 u en O j( q "p u e" o qe z mg o oa l Js n me " Gj ( Jo 1 sI I Iu ! U ep p IW S Ig A Ol 犯 叩畑 I qe q QI d e叩 u o1 q 8I I sp e qs 3 II I pe e JJ e q" n oI I JI V ･( 6 L@ E L. G M" ) 6 Gu o sp u ea J MI s en b sc u og j IQ J aI E oo J uo ! ss m 皿n o oe G eS e ss e ln e ,, s es s ed n s! m uo o Io l oo s Cuo H Joe m jol d e叩s l dgo o g叩! p nf犯 叩 目叩s I suI G G6e A old e ep, , sWI I Jog o uep ! Ags E II1 ! pnf o l J eJJ e IsG u oHs p e9J g IIS ･ (EL " eM, , )II W nfP u euo g uee " eqS l sIx g gAo I Ien n n犯叩 鋤 ､月ﾕ ﾛ G uo I "9 J Id n ms . eA e JI I Sp u eu p ue n Os e so d do " Ae M oq @ pl Q Ju e lq n WI p eq E s! I H ･ II J IP n fP u ek m gH W "K o em P mq g no 叫 1

therefbrecontrarytonature.It'snatureisurtmgyounotCaddy"(SF116).Bydoing this,hemestopersuadehissontoacceptCaddy'slossofvirginityaspartofG.nature,"an unchangeablefact,ashedoeswiththedeclmeofhisfamilybAsKazuhikoGotoasserts, thisattemptatpersuasionisequivalenttoGCthefather'scandidinstructiononhowto conductlife,whichhehasmanagedtoreachwiththehelpofalcoholinordertosurvive inthepostwarreality''(282;translationn血e),sinceitisprobablyhisdaughter'sconduct thathasworsenedhisalcoholism,asevidencedbyCaddy'sobservationthatGGRMerwj" be"qd腕aye"･"eys叩ゲルe"as"fsmp〃加臓"gα"cMewo"rsrOp"ecα""mps加ce Is加cemsrs"加加er''(SF124).GivenMr.Compson'srecognitionofhisson'ssadness, thepersuasionisalsocchislierootedm伽herlyaffectiontosoothehisson'sanguish overhissister'slossofvirginity"(Goto282;translationmme).Nevertheless,Quentm's griefnullifieshis伽her'sintentions.Thegapbetweenidealandrealfatheremances Quentm'slongingfbrtherevivalofpaternalauthorityandfamilyhonor@ TYlislongingaffectsQuentm'screativeimaginingofBonin4肱αﾉo",4鮎αん"/： Bonsuffersfromtheabsenceofhis伽heranddesiresaffectionandrecognitionfifom him・WhileBongrowsupintheWesthdies,hismotherwordlesslyteacheshimthathis ultimatepurposeinlifeistoachievethevengeancesheseeks,thoughhedoesnotknow whatitis・WhenBonistwenty-eightyearsold,theBons'lawyerarrangesfbrhimto entertheUniversityofMississippi,anunlikelycollegefbracosmopolitan,sophisticated manlikehimtoattend;whileonasmptoAmerica,heconsiderstheunclearreasonsfbr hisenteringthisschool: JWWMy?"WWy?"WWWh"co"egar加孤"jc""'o"eα加'ﾉeα〃o幼er?− maybeleaningtheremthatsolimdebetweenpantingsmokeand enginesandahosttouchingtheanswelBawareofthejigsawpuzzle pictureintegersofitwaiting,almostlurking,justbeyondhisreach, inextricable,jumbled,andunrecognizableyetonthepointoffallmg mtopatternwhichwouldrevealtohimatonce,likeaHashoflight,

themeaningofhiswholelife,past-theHaiti,thechildhood,the lawyerDthewomanwhowashismother.(250) Althoughhehasnocluesastothesubstanceofhisfate,hemustcontinuedowna gloomyblinearroadtoanunchangeable,alreadydetern血edfilture,irrevocablybeyond hiswill.AlthoughhisexpectationofmeetingwithhisfatherinMississippiarousesa yearningfbrhis伽her'3crecoglition''andG6physicaltouch,''BongainsGCnothing''inthe acmalmeetingduringCMstmasbreak:@.noshock,nohotcommunicatedHesh"(255-56).Nevertheless,hecontinuestodevelopanearnestifunreqUitedlovefbrhisfatherto fillthevoidhisfather'sabsencehasleftinhislifesincechildhood.HekeepsG@waiting'' fbrSutpen'sacknowledgement,tornbetweenhisirrepressible"puzzlement''overhis father'sneglectandhisinerasabletrustinafather's@6love"(265-66).However,Sutpen ruthlesslyrefUseshimanysignofrecognition,evenmallyrejectingevenhispathetic desirefbrhisfather'swarmthbecauseofthe"onedroprule."6SutpentellsHenrythat Bon'smotheris.6partnegro''(283),whichpromptsHenrytofbrbidBon'smamageto Judith: 一助〃h"ie"mcege"α"o"，〃“肋e腕ce"w"chyo"c""tbe". Hｾ"〃伽“刀加"sw〃 −‘4"dルese"r腕e〃CWO”？Hセ(〃〃ot"kyo"roge"α〃erOル伽？ ⅣbwoJtfrome,"owo耐αrα"？剛arw“α〃ルe"dro伽，〃oWrodZZy; /b"〃eα芯agoor"α〃rWed"γ加g肋e允"7yea芯.剛arwasα〃．．． Hど成伽f"eedro花〃yo"Iα腕α〃jggeJ"ros叩加e.Heco"〃ルave s"〃郎加ew"o@"""Hｾ"剛(285) SutpennotonlyrepudiatesBon'sdesirefbrrecognition,bmalsothrustsathimthe paramountcauseofhisabandoninghiswifeandchildinHaiti:herconcealedblack blood・ThismercilesstreatmentcausesBontomelancholicallyincorporate-ratherthan devolveintoahjection--hisfathermtohisego.BecauseBonhasdesperatelyattempted tomstandidemifywithhisfather;hisfather'srdectioncauseshimtolosebothhis − 7 8 −

hopeandwilltolive.Importaantlyjthisrejectionsiglifieshispainfilllossofhislove oIqject,whichleadshimtoincolporatethisobjectimotherestorationoftheego.The incorporatedobjectstartstoftmctionasthes叩er-ego,anabsolmeinterdictionof miscegenation.Inmelancholia,GGtheexcessivelystrongs叩er-egowhichhasobtaineda holduponconsciousnessragesagainsttheegowithmercilessviolence'';thesupersegois Gcapurecultureofthedeathinstinct''andGCoftenenoughsucceedsindrivingtheegointo death"(Freud53).Bon'ssupersego,evokingthesenseofguiltfbrhisracialidemityin theSouthernregion,driveshimtopunishandkillhimselfasasinfillblackmale.His suicidaldeath-GDoが"ol/lfHど"〃''(286トisthelast,desperateexpressionofhislove fbrhisfatherjalovebasedonwhichheresignshimselftothe伽her'slaw Meanwhile,Henry'smurderresultsfiPomhisambivalencetowardhimselfy Bon.HekillsBondespitehisadmirationandlovefbrhim.HisadmirationofBon's urbansophisticationleadstohisunconsciousimitationofhis6Gclothingandspeech andmannerisms"(254);hishomosociallovefbrBonmanifestsitselfhroughthe mediumofJUdith:"Hど応α"d"りﾉ〃v“α花mexMw肋加α”叩o"yo"s"(260).His concessionofJudithtoBonwouldhavebeenasUblimationofhishomoeroticlovefbr Bon.hE""c耐加(1957),GeolgesBatailleexaminesthefimctionofawomanasan eroticGGgifi''inmardage,arguingthatthisgifiisfbrthemalegiver;$arenunciation,'' whichcGenhancesthevalueofthethingrenounced''andcGcomplementseroticismwhich heightensthevalueoftheobiectofdesire"(218).Thegifii"Gasubstimtefbrthesexual act;fbrtheexuberanceofgivinghasasignificanceakintothatoftheactitselfitisalso aspendingofresourcef(Bataille218).Henrytriestoshowhisaffectionandrespectfbr BonthroughtheexchangeofJUdithastheenhancederoticvalue. HoweveLtheSoutherncodeinthel860sprovokesHenry'sfifatricide,thoroughly severingtheinteITacialunion.AfierhandinghisguntoHenryぅBondeniesHenry's declaration,GGIb〃αだ〃りﾉ6℃"",''counteringitwith,G7初油e"Egeγ肋α歯go加gm sﾉe印w"yoz"脚岬助伽syo"s""ze,He""''(286).BonemergesasanabhoITent

-0 8-一 叩u e nO g 叩J O Ig A 9I g 叩犯 ･ Gg J Is e p叩 o Jg o uI o II S 91 e un n ns u oO , ,3 叩 oo q ss c Km e H : JI g su m I/ u oH J QJ g ou e le A Iq m es ! qJ o uo I ss e dI d X9 9 Ap o nd n se p es I Je p mm s 6K J ug H ｡e s ue s s叩 町 JI e sm ! II J o J Je d es I oI I "@ 1 us u od d op e lc I I/ p eA o Ig I I1 s ll p I@ u g叩 狛 叩o J q9 叩 Om O SU O PO m eP e AI O SU n g so叩 " slo 9 Imd , ,9I I @m! q lIp I ole l EJs I qpu c uoH I QJu 叩 oaJ J csI I IJE J Ied s epG G 8uI s seJ d dns , , J I gl J V ･u e m yl o e lq G g uI A o Ie I I II I p il s n uI J ( JI I g H6 6 6 Io u o lI , , Jo o 叩 99 叩 o JS u ! pJ o o oV ･ 1 09 d s eI ｴ ou o po Q JJ c sI ' IJ o lO 9 1t l ou U 畑d 町 sU u eu o dd o g叩 J MI I cI o ed s ei J Ie s 叫I I sl g pm m "a g g u nS ! Ig n Pe I I1 K mg u eJ O IE A IJ e 叩S u II I pI J (q 犯 叩” A gM o q@ P el O Ue q lS n ml l ･( m X" " aH ) " J( m eu e dI o IB A Up 9 3c J mo f Iq e Ws n lp u eS 叩 og d sn s un u eu o dn s 3u I Ig a J9 s o叩 1 Og l b' d ol p ue S Se u 叩J o Mu n uM o sI 叩 EJ I Ie d se p ss e Jd d ns o MI 卯 ｴo d [u e l, , m! q pe M oI I E犯 叩 "J o uo q ,, J om s !u 叫 09 m g叩 o 19 n ps E Ms s 9J J s! p sG J sI I gn p g叩 犯 叩9 ， 月肥 o lu o se o 3e H ･( m xs W "a H ) G Gp e pu e me p Jo u oq J oo 叩 99 叩 犯叩 S UO n Ue A UO O g叩 J o1 0 ag g le u op o me , ,u e se u 叩o ” エ 9 IIJ 3 uIz J (Ie u eG叩 n oSu m IIg q 91u e 9II J u!G G uoI s sed I dep d eep e olu ! ･･・ I IQJ s guI p gmo s m eu o dd o s! q pe I Ip I oI I "1 s II g np e 叩” 犯 叩s e lo u uM o dI H -恥 人 州･ 9 Iq n op s !q 8 uI J ep m m I 叫e s go u eI J Ig d xg g II u oI s sa I de p pu n qJ o Jd e 叩m o gs m gl s os I cJ I ･1 瓠 ･厨 o Io e p! m g叩 n oS J OS m O1 S nO O 19 A IS S 皿q n su l eu I gj I o1 J eP I Ou l eA O IU e m叫 月 叩! Q JI Q JJ 9 AO S Sa n S! P PU e g ou e !o s uo o Jo s 3u e ds ! II s 9! p oq m ge m gg p eu m Js . J( J ue H 66 0 61 u !e s no q ue d mS g 叩u l ･ (SI I IIc A nq) . GJ9 叩 oJq s !叩Q J uoI 卿 皿pe @ 109 J e,[ s m]J o euI o omo l eoI S olg 叩 ,,s I g叩o o lIs I emo e sII I !(I Z IJI g lMo J ).G u opo a Igg l Iue d eol u oIs n llE J J9A o oE, , sls e 33n s 一(9 8 Z)" 3 叩ue d p ue 3 叩u e dG p ue q s! q uI I ol s Id g 叩< o ss p um S pu e pu e II S Gu O gJ o g叫 J IS J IJ e !. I oJ s Id e 叩 s ds e 温パ m eH , ,-e su o ds e jI I Eo I MI I ds G Km e H@ g Ao I Ie n xe s ou I oq J ou o Is s eJ I dx g ue o sI e sm 1 M･ ( "I 別 "o " ”" び 矩" J Ed ) "A o E叫 皿 1画 O eJ - SS O JO J OJ e aJ S II I O1 u OI W Ig ｴ fI ｴ g叩 o Jq e 叩 3 叩g u !p J oq n sA q pu e dI g 叩o J qe g u! I Ip I J( q cp o o叩 9 叩o J qs e lu e pK I qn o p, , Je p mm s Gf m eH ･ 1s! d eJy l ogl q emo J Jel e uIQ J 91I I I"E J oJI o lo9 1 QId e l!I I "es e moO g qfm e H･( Z EE) " 心ﾛu e p! u Mo s !q g p! o ep o lG o ol X me H se o JQ J 犯叩 e uo g 叩s ! 血m e pl u Mo s WI I se p !o g p人 Ⅱ eu g el I q oI I I" u I1 o E9 叩 Gu o !犯 叫 un e le p JI 9 sJ o lo e le u US G uo g Se l dI C II O ,, G s9 1 IJ M e叩 d eA g lS s V ･ uo p cu g gg o sI m lo c ug o l｡ s !犯 叩 -u E mo " "I I "e G CW " "a / s, , 01 g u! I me l de l em J Io c lq

Shrevenarrative.Itprovokes"Quentin'soIgasmicreactiontothecompletionofthe

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overlviolentlyanduncontrollably"onhisbedafterthenarration(288).Concemingthe Quentin-ShrevenaneationofHenry'sshooting,BetinaEntznegerpositsthatQuentinand Shreveshifttheirnanativefbcustomiscegenationsoastodenybrotherlyhomosexual love(95-97,102-03).AsNoelPolkcontends,basedon"thehomoerotictension betweenQuentinandShreve''inZWe"""α服娩eR"gyand"bsaﾉひ腕,46sαん"/,7the shiftoftheirnarrativemayrelatetotheirreluctancetodealwithmalefemininityand homosexuality(6GCuckold''137-44).Polk'sexaminationof"cuckolds,"suchasweak husbandsorloversandimpotentsinFaulkner'snovels,clarifiesthatraceisCGamask''fbr genderandsexualityhroughoutFaulkner'swriting("Cuckold''144). Atthesametime,wemustalsotakeSouthernhistoricalpressuresfilllyintoaccount. AsthetwonaITatorsdelveintothedepthofSouthernhistoryjtheycollidehead-onwith theGGonedroprule,''therebytellingoftheseveranceofmalecompanionshipduetothe rule.StorytellingabouttheSomhcompelsthemtoexposethethreatoftheSouthern codetoeradicatehumansolidarityandaffection.Inotherwords,theshifioftheir narrativeimpliesthattheraceissueisstillsomenacingandoverwhelminginthel920s thatQuentinhastofbregroundthemiscegenationtabooinsteadofdevelopingthestory

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asFaulknerremarked:GGeverytimeanycharactergetsintoabook,nomatterhow minorjhe'sacmallytellinghisbiography-that'sallanyoneeverdoes,hetellshisown biographyltalkingabouthimselfinathousanddifferenttenns,buthimself'(U"jve師〃 275).hQuentinandShreve'sconclusion,asErskineEPetersputsit,"Miscegenation isnotseenatallasthemixingoftheraces,whichtheSouthernfathershavecarried outasaprerogativeoftheirpoweroverblacks,butbecomestheabominablenotionof introducingblackbloodintothewhiterace"(120).

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anidealnanfatorwhoprovidesanexhaustiveexplorationoftheSouthernracialissue, revealmgthemiscegenationtaboothatbreachestheboundariesofbasichumane behavioldYetourquestionremains:WhydidFaulknerdecidetoreviveQuentin,who hadcommittedsuicideinZWe"""dα耐妨eFi"ﾂﾉ,andemployhimasanarratorin 4鮎αﾉo"@,46sαん"/？ AsEstellaShoenbergshowsmtheepigraphtoherbook,Faulknerbeganthe manuscriptfbrChapter2withthewords:cG剛a/w""es"加加er6馳花Q"e"""died:肋α／ 3"加加erwMwMe""everywhe7e伽"2the叩加g〃e〃o""occz""Pe46/oo"@edqgα加."8 Quemin'spredetenninedselfannihilationwasatthefbrefifontofFaulkner'smindwhile hewasworkingon468aん腕,")sαん洲.haFebruaryl9341ettertoHarrisonSmith,his editorjFaulknerwrote, Roughlyjthetheme[oMbsa肋加,46sαん〃]isamanwhooutraged theland,andthelandthentumedanddestroyedtheman'sfamilyb QuentmCompson,oftheSound&Fulyltellsit,ortiesittogether; heistheprotagomstsothatitisnotcompleteapocrypha.Iusehim becauseitisjustbefbreheistoconnnitsuicidebecauseofhissisterl andlusehisbitternesswhichhehasprQjectedontheSouthinthe fbnnofhatredofitanditspeopletogetmoreoutofthestoryitself thanahistoricalnovelwouldbe.(Le""IF79) ThisconnnentnotonlyreinfbrcestheargumentthatQuentinisrecallinghisfailureto protectCaddy-incontrasttoHenry'ssuccessasaprotector-butisalsoreminiscentof theauthor'sconvictionthattheprQjectionofindividualeXperiencesontothepastgives historyitsprofbundpersonalsignificance.MoreimportantlylFaulknerusesQuentin asacharacterwhoisdetermmedtokillhimselfandwhoharborsaprofbundhatred ofhisnativelandanditsinhabitants.Inotherwords,Quentin'sselfdestructivefate contributedtoFaulkner'sreemploymemofhimasanarrator,andQuentin'sanimosity towardtheSouthisachiefmotivefbrQuentin'sexaminationofhisnativeland.

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−9 8− p esd e led I JeI D IIn e J@u g gso A Eqe " se6 1 oEJ u l6C ･ s叩o m emg u pIm e q,, 9 犯I9 1 !Iq o o1p e pu9 1 u! g 叩IJ M 6co p Je叩 e o,, I Ign o j叩p e yIo A gj( I IEo I xop m ede 犯 犯叩叩 n gpu e fHx u es@ J eID I Ine L I s 1u e se J de J ､6 6 -8 6 Z) " eJ o Im e As N .9 J oI m eA e N. g Jo u ue A eN . go e ed J oe d Io I me A 9N . goe e dJo a IoI m eAs N ,,c M ese l III o III M u!-e APu!-e J Jeu s ･叩u e nO. ( 8-L u osq o H)" 9 0EJ J ns g IWo l lII g noJ q gql o upl n o"u o Iss a Juo o moW " IIo m "se I Jom e mln J ule d dne 8 peJ p oJs I I ee A eJ p ue e Jo l dx e ol 犯 叩＆ m qI s so d sn o Je 3 ue p e叩 叩 !" s KE M Ie , ,m q 6G G 9J o mo u lI m eq Ⅲ “人 g 叩犯 叩 ed o II e 叩叫 s Je a Jp u es e IJ o me m gu n un e lI J oJ I eS e uo S u! a md J o-- s! s J餌 犯 o U eA Q @U O IS S QJ U OO J Ol O eU e ,, 9 qU e Og U II I gl J O3 叩 IJ M JO 1 0e g Iu . SI e me I Im O Se l em e lI q MC S E血ﾛ u epI s III s EII e "se j qel o osl s Ioe m eJd n sel I II" e IWo J oMo d eIp u ops g nbm I IIg u ple m K Jo l s卿 パ I皿 可 sI I IJ o se p om e mu e pp p -1 I mS d np e Sp e Jp 8 叩p M Jo l oe e II L ・J o qm e e叩 J QJ o nn e de J g叩 f Ip e ss e og u jo u se " 1I m q$ e po o uJ e 叩n o Se 叩 mo q Es u op o mg o po 町 o s IqJ Q J19 I mou e pue u oI1 e ueg g os! m JoC G uom e p,, 9 IIJ 6 6es p Iox 9 ,,0 川 dmg U eue u ggq e AEq 1 IIg U leA O Ue叩 J oSu W IJJ m s@d I sID I Ine J ･(9 Z )@G f oue g m8m Ⅱ edm o ofⅡ e nbe I I1! " esp I oxe o l3 u Vm s e" $ J9 I mg l ou ･ ue d mS J oJ ( Jo l se 叩 q3 n oJ I W粕 呵 In e au o me P J( J eA g 叩u e eq g AE I IJ ( Em g UO l OS J QJ e s! E Io J gu I II I Mu n S! U Pu e nO I Io I qM u Om u gg g OS I mJ O uo u Ie P 9 IIL , ,Gs e JII M Kem I m･J m III J V@I I oJe e sed I Ieo ! qde E oIq s Guo s m即Ⅱ I Mol 3 uIJ J aJe H ･ oo q mu o pe u gg g os ! mK J mu g o-叩 ue 9 1e u lu e lE I e叩 J OUO P eIO I AJI I e叩J o sSn e oeq o sIE m qj( I gJI n ped I Ieq l Joe s neo g qKI n olo u GId d ISs I ssI W u! g AI I 1o u pI n oo g ld n oo g 叩1 M ･( Z EI ) "9 j (g g 叩o l 9I q Eq s !n S 叩s ! pu I mq I IE u ee q 9A 叫 pI n o" S Se u MO E Iq 順 叩f I qe q od I dp u e-/ I" O l" 9 y" z "o / "9 y le A ou e 叩u l uo H se I JE I pe W −ﾂ I oc I q 叩 uee l xIs - guo J (Iu o uee q eAE q pln o ",, u gJp I III o sGe l dno o g叩犯 叩 sls e ggn s uos m 画Ⅲ紬 ･ (ZE - 61 I uo s me 川 仙) A II u IE J uo s du I oq J 'e 叩 Jo u ol u ed m oo u oo J ol o oI n Jﾛ n ee q 9I I JI I 1! " ee U ol p el u eM e qe s ne o gq s el d nq I IE q se " 9I I es n eo g qI I on u Io s 10 u sI I Wp I pe H .s e xm s GI I Mo 1 e叩 m og p e] o eI I oo p EI I eq K eu o m叩 I "J ( e" e ug l pu e ue J PI I II o pu e aJ " sm p eJ J es e p@ j Ig I mg s 叩CI D 矩WM p ueJ S Iem e WIn s 5JI g IDI I neJ ･ L88 1 Jou o see s seu n sIJ I PeI I l8u I mP6 P uoo e S ･ (f9 ) "uo n eu戯 叫 SII I mPe A ISO U OOJ 9 Aee q 犯叩A u EsE I nJJ s Mod s EJ( I InJ G guI u edd g II I EoI J Iol s meK I ols I E9J I EII J I"9 犯 叫川人 I IEu o sjI e dSe " JIg 町 Ine t lcu e dIP I III o JeI I pue e 叩em g

intoalcoholismwhilerevisingthemanuscriptof4跡αﾉo"z,"跡αわ〃.JosephBlomer suggeststhatFaulknerGCwassufferingnotonlyfifomnervousexhaustionbutalsofifomthe unassuagedanguishover[hisbrother]Dean'sdeath''duetothecrashofFaulkner'splane (928).Howeverjinsofarastheactofwriting")saわ腕,"跡αﾉo"/wasanexposureofthe evilofhishometowndespitehisaffectionfbrtheregion-andthefactthathehadputhis entireheartandsoulintothework-hisdrinkingseemedamanifestationofhismental dismrbance,anxietyandguiltthecreationofthenovelhadcausedhim. IntennsoftheSouthernclimateoftheGcsavageideal,''Faulkner'spublicationof 46sa/o",J4bsα肋加/siglaledabetrayalofthebondwithhishometownthathadbredin himastrongfaithinandaffectionfbrtheSoutherntradition.Iftheccsavageideal''served asareinfbrcementoftheauthor'sfearofreaders'responses,wemustcallattention tothenovel'sfimctiontourgewhiteSouthernreaderstoarouseandfacetheirguilt. CarolynPorterinsiststhat46saん柳,4跡αﾉo〃6@isitselfonevoiceinadialoguewith thereaderbwho,likeQuentinCompson,smgglesinvaintosecureadetachedposition ftomwhichtoassembleandconfifontachaoticandinexplicablesetofeventr(260). Refemngtothelastsceneofthenovel,Porterconcludesthatevenifareaderresists becomingGGtrapped''withinthenovel,heGGremainscontaminatedbyhisknowledgethat, inthusresistingthenovel'sthreat,heisimitatingitsdemonichero''(276).Also,Robert DaleParkerarguesthatthenovelisGGpreeminentlyapa"jcわα""novel,anovelabout itsauthor'simagination,itscharactergimaginations,andalsoanoveldirectlyaboutour ownimaginations''(ⅣbveIXs"cl30).Giventhatthebookencouragesreaderstorelivethe South'ssinfillpast,wecanspeculatethatFaulknerwasmoreorlessconsciousoftheir repulsiontowardit・Still,hewascompelledtowriteabouttheSouth,tornbetweenlove andhatredfbrit;hisliteraryvaluestemsfifomhispassionanddynamismtocreateworks inthemidstofthethreateningculmreoftheG4savageideal.'' Inwriting468aﾉり腕,46sαん"/,motivatedbyhisimpulsefbrselfLpunishment, FaulknerattemptedtofacethedarknessoftheSouthandexplorehisfearandanxiety

aboutthesinofracism.ThisactcreatedinFaulkneraprofbunddilemma,because hisrepresemationofSouthernvicewaspainftllandchallengedtheveryrootsofhis existence.Faulknermusthavefeltanevengreatersenseofguiltfbrnotonlybeinga Southernauthorwhocriticizedmsnativeregion,butbemgawhitemaleSoutherner duringtheJimCrowera・Fromthisconfiictedposition,Faulknerrewrotehisdepiction ofQuentin'sprivatesuicidalanguishoverhissister'sconducttosuggestitwasthetragic resultofanagonizingburden:Quentin'sSouthernheritage・Quentin'ssuiciderefiects Quentin/Faulkner'sstrugglebetweenacceptanceandrejectionofSouthernguilt.Yethis deathmdicatesanotherimportamissue・IfFaulknerrecognizedthatthecreationofthe novelwouldprovokebacklashfifomreaders,thenhehadto伽dameanstoalleviate theirrage,avindicationfbrindictingtheSouth・Followingthislineofreasoning,it seemsFaulknermusthavefbundhissalvationbefbreheevenbegantowritethenovel, becauseQuentinwaspre-detenninedtoendhislifeaboutfivemonthsafterhisnaITation oftheSutpenstoryends.Inasense,theauthorcouldtestoutthepossibilityofhisown dethhoughthedeathofhisfictionalcharacterJnthecontemporarypsycho-historical climate,Quentin'sselfLdestructionfimctionedasapunishmentfbrhisowndenunciation oftheSouthandastheabatementoftheauthor'sguiltoverexposingSouthemsms. ThisenabledFaulknertoassignthethreateningexperiencehehadhimselftoQuentin, extendingratherthanlimitinghiscareerasaSouthernnovelisthroughhisemploymem ofthecharactel:468aﾉo",4肺αﾉo"@/reconfiguresQuentin'ssuicideasFaulkner's redemption,inscribingtheauthor'sambivalencetowardhishomelandandhisstruggle overauthorshipintheSouth.Quentin'snalTationembodiesFaulkner'sdeterminationto descendintoandmeasuretheabyssofSouthemhistoryevenifthetaskweretobring himsufferingandtonneminthefbnnoffearofexilefromhishomelandandguiltover hisbetrayalofhisculturallegacyb Notes − 8 8 −

l.DavidMinterregardsFaulkner'swritingoftheGGIntroduction''asGGthe occasionfbrhisdiscoveryofQuentinCompsonasanarratorofThomasSutpen'sstory'' (157).In@GThatEveningSun,"ashortstorywrittenaroundl930,Faulknerdescribes Quentin'sinitiationintotheracialhierar℃hy.NancylablackservantoftheCompsons, quitsworkingbecauseshefearsherhusbandwillseekrevengefbrherillicitpreglancy. Afierperceivinghernervoustimidity)Quentininnocentlyasks,.6Whowilldoour washingnowlFather?''(309).Nancy'sprostimtionfbrmoneysuggeststhepovertyof blackpeopleintheJimCrowsocietyQuentin'sinquirycanbereadashisembryonic selfawarenessasawhiteSoutherneronthesideofthediscriminatol:hFaulkner's fiction,Quentinistheauthor'sdoUble,throughwhomFaulknercanobserveandponder thewhite-blackrelationshipintheSouth.ForadiscussionofQuentin'sroleas"auditor'' and"recorder"inFaulkner'sstories,seeMichaelMillgate(28-35). 2.ForacarefillexaminationofSouthernintellecmal3isolationfromsociety intheOldSouth,seeDrewFaust,4Mzcだ‘αγ℃た． 3.1nZWeB""ｾ〃qf""油emH耐o",C.VannWoodwardargues:GGthe South'sdefensivereactionwastoidentifyitswholecausewiththeoneinstimtionthat wasmostvulnerableandtomakeloyaltytoanephemeralaspectwhichithadonceledm condemningthecardinaltestofloyaltytothewholetradition.Southernerswhorejected thetestweretherefbrefbrcedto呵ectthewholeheritage.Inmanycases,iftheywere vocalintheir呵ection,theywerecompelledtoleavetheSouthentirelyandretumonly attheirperil"(11). 4.Hiraishi'sagumentdrawsuponLillianSmith'sdescriptionofthe traumaexperiencedbyawhiteSouthernchild廿omthedominantclass.In腫脆恋q′ "eD花α"(1949),Smith,awhiteSouthernauthorandacontemporaryofFaulkner's (bothauthorswerebominl897),writesthatthewhitechildloveshisblackwetnurse, findingpleasureinherbreastmilkandpetting;howeverlashegainsselfawarenessas awhiteSouthernel;hemustsuppressthisaffectionfbrhisblacknurse.Nevertheless,

thesuppressedlovehehasfbrhisnurseremmsrepeatedlyandinfluenceshispersonality continuouslyhroughouthislifetime(127-34).Smithgoesontowrite: Nowhehasachievedhisstamreasawhiteman;hehasacceptedthe lifethathiswhitenessconferreduponhim.Butheisneveratease.The powerfilldrivesofchildhoodwillnotstayinthelittlestreambedshis culmregulliedoutfbrthem.Againandagaintheyoverflowlsweeping acrosshimlikeaHood.Tbndernessfbrhismothertumsintosudden crueltyfbrhiswifewhichheconcealsevenfifomhimselfsometimes,or betraysbylighteningHashesofhatred.Sometimeshelosestheshame heistrainedtofeelaboutwomenofothercolororclassandadmitsto himselfandtoothershispleasureinthem・Sometimesasweepingsadistic feelingfbrallwomenoverpowershim.Hefeelsbetrayed,cheated;andhe despiseshimselfandthemfbratreacherouspartnershipinwhichheseems alwaystohavebeenthelosersincechildhood.(134) TheSouthernwhitemalethustendstobestrickenwithselfLhatredandasadisticfeeling towardwomen.PointingouttheselfLdestructivetendency(thepositiveacceptance ofdeath)commoninthreemalecharacters-ByronBunch,GailHightowerjandJoe Christmas-,HiraishiinteIpretstheir(especiallyHightower's)lifeandrecognitionas evidenceofGGthehotbedofThanatosanddefeatisminthepostwarSouth,''assertingthat GGFaulknerhimselfmightbeboundtotheThanatosinstinctfbralongtime,perhapsall histimesincechildhood"(90;translationmine).Hiraishiexplores"thepsychologyof Faulkner'srepetitionwhichcancoexisttheselfLpunishmenttendency''byconsidering thethemeandstyleofLig〃〃"4"g"鈍(106;translationmine). 5．Inasense,the伽her'sadmonishment伽veshissontocommitsuicide. ReHectinguponhisfather'sthoughtsonthe"sad''effectoftime,Quentmconsiderswhat theworldwillbelikeafierhisdeath: Hatsnotunbleachedandnothats・InthreeyearsIcannotwearahat.I 9 0

-couldnot.Was.WilltherebehatsthensincelwasnotandnotHarvard then.WherethebestofthoughtFathersaidclingslikedeadivyvines uponolddeadbrick.NotHarvardthen・Nottome,anywaybAgain. Sadderthanwas.Again.Saddestofall.Again.(95) Sincethequotationaboveisdifficulttounderstand,Iwillfirstprovidemyintelpretation ofit,addingclarifyingwords:"Bleachedhatswhichhavenotyetfadedandunbleached hats.Inthreeyearslcanbe,notwearingahat・Fromapoimofhreeyearslaterjlcould be,notwearingahat,becauselwilldietodaybIwillbethemanwhooncewas.、Mll therebehatsthen？SincelwillnolongerexistthenandHarvard，eitherbFathersaidthat HarvardistheplacewherethebestofthoughtclingslikedeadivyvmesUponolddead brick.Harvardwillnotbethen.No.Atleasttome,Harvardwillnotbe.Agam.Sadder thanwas.Again.Saddestofall・Again.'' Inresponsetohisfather'sclaimthatGGwasthesaddestwordofallthereisnothing elseintheworlditsnotdespairuntiltimeitsnoteventmeuntilitwag'(178),Quemin, thinkingovertheworldafterhisdeath,arguesthatGGAgain.Sadderthanwas.Again. Saddestofall.Again"(95).Itmustbenotedthat"Again"inhisconsciousnessfbllows, "NotHarvardthen.Nottome,anyway"(95).ThewritersofR"""gF"""ersuggests that"ForQuentin,thethoughtthathemighthavetorepeathissufferingismorepamfill thanthethoughtofoblivion"(71),but@GAgam"doesnotsignifytherepetitionof Quentin'sanguish.AlthoughQuentinconsidersinaninstantthatHarvardwillnotexist, hereconsidersthatitwillactintheworldbutfbrhim,atleast,itwillnot:namelyjthe worldwilllastfbreverevenifhediestodayblntheworldwhere@GAgam''cominues toexist,hisgriefwillcertainlygoaway6Therefbre,fbrQuentm,@6Again,"themost fearfillsimationthatallhisgriefwillgoawayjissadderthanGGwas,''thestateinwhichhe preservesthefiagmentsofhisgriefi"Again''isthusthesaddestwordofall.Itisinthis moment,whenhecanstillsuffergreatsorrowjthathehastokillhimself 6.OneofthemysteriesinthenovelishowandwhenQuentinrecognizes

Bon'sblackblood,whichhappensbefbrethenarrationevenbegins,butitisreasonable, asCleamhBrooksinsists,toassumethatQuentinhearsaboutitfifomHenrywhenhe invadestheSutpen'shousewithRosainSeptemberl909(320-22).RobertDaleParkeI; whoagreeswithBrooks,comendsthattherealityQuentin-Shreveimagineishistorically correcteventhoughitispartlyconjuredbythem(Ⅳbveﾉ航jcl39-40;Q"邸加"伽gl51). 7．血66HowShreveGetsmtoQuentm'sPants,''PolkanalyzesQuentin's homoerotictendencies,showmghowhis"homoeroticurge"andG｡fearofhomosexuality'' relatesto@<hissensibilitiesandsensitivities''(29).Polkgoesontosuggestthat"the possibilitythatheishomosexual,hisfearthatheis,workstowardhisdecisionto connnitsuicide"(29). 8．ShoenbergattributesthesewordstotheJillFaulknerSunmnersArchive, UniversityofVirginia. 9．ShreveisaCanadianmthepUblishedversionofthenovel,but,according toMuhlenfeld'sinvestigation,hisoriginalcharacterlBurke,is@Gnorthernbom''in theearlydrafiofthewoIk(GGIntroduction''xxi).ShreverepresentstheNortherner's perspectivebecauseHarvardUniversitysmdentsofienaskQuentinthesameqUestions Shrevedoes:GG姥"α加"r"eSb"肋．〃伽歯〃倣巴肋e彫.〃殉at伽r"ey伽妨eだ.J"")ﾉ伽 "ey/加油eだ.恥y伽的ey/舵αrα"'(142).Inthissense,Quentin'sretellingcouldbe readashisresponsetoNorthernerginqUiriesabouttheSouth. WorksCited Bataille,Georges.Em"cM'.Trans.MaryDalwood.1957.SanFrancisco:CityLights Books,1986. Bleikasten,Andre.6GFatheIsmFaulknerb''ZZeFYC伽"αﾉ肋妨er:Lqcα"jα"R"di"gqr的e Z畝r.Ed.RobertConDavis.Amherst:UofMassachusettsR1981.115-46. BlomerlJoseph.F""k7@eF･:4BiO印〃hy.2vols.NewYork:Random,1974. Brooks,Cleanth.砿ﾉ加加Fh"ﾉ肋eγf乃wn"If)肋叩arm"〃αα"dBayo"dBatonRouge: − 9 2 −

LouisianaStateUP,1978. Cash,WJ.ZWeM"cIQMe助"肋.1941.NewYork:Vintage,1991. Duvall,JohnN・Fb"ﾉ肋"jCo叩ﾉe:I)wぶ〃e,O"伽waMU"叩“肋6Je@"""""j"es. Austm:UofTbxasR1990. EntzmingelBBetina."PassingasMscegenation:WhinlessandHomoaoticismmFaulkner's 4跡αわ腕,4鮎αん"/''FQ"jk"er､ﾉb"耐αﾉ(Fall2006/Sp血g2007):90-105. FaulkneLWilliam.4鮎αん",4鮎αﾉo"@/.1936.NewYork:Vintagelntemational,1990. ---.GGAnhtmductiontoZWe""""α〃油eFWy.''1933.M加伽抑』伽α"eFb'26(1973): 410-15. ---.F"""el･加肋eU"1ﾉe応加Eds.FrederickL.GwynnandJosephL・Blomerb Charlottesville:UPofVirginia,1995. ---.Lio〃加油eGaﾉ池":肋花rviewsw肋肪"ね"FMM7@e〃〃‘〃〃.Eds.JamesB. MeriwetherandMichaelMillgate.Lmcoln:UofNebraskaR1980. ---.馳陀α"Le"exFqが剛加､肋"伽〃Ed.Josq)hBlomer:NewYOrk:RandomHouse, 1977. ---.GGThatEvenmgSm.''Ca"ecrea醜o""q/〃ﾉ加加肋""er.1934.NewYork: RandomHouse,1950.289-309. ---.ZWe肋"”α"drheR"ﾌﾉ.1929.NewYork:Vintage,1990. Faust,Drew.4&zc"dCW7℃ん:ZZeDjた"､"αQMe肋彪此α"αﾉ航娩eO〃肋"地I840-1860. Baltimore:JohnsHopkinsUP,1977. FowlerlDoreen.〃"伽er:肋e脱加"@QMeR印J巴"ed.Charlottesvine:UPofWIgnia, 1997. Freud,Sigmmd...ThheEgoandtheld''ZheS加加加zﾉE上加り"(Me⑰〃ﾌ〃EPS)/choﾉbgたαノ 恥'伽QfSig碗""dF》℃"dl4.Thans.JamesStracheybLondon:HogarthPress, 1987.12-59． Goto,Kazuhiko.H"ibo"IoB""gn":4"@e"ﾙ"roK肋血加〃o"[D砿afa〃〃rem加彫： 4"@e"cα"肋"肋α"dMb晩〃〃ﾌα"].Tbkyo:Syohakusya,2005.

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