Debug method using Execution Model in Parallel Object Oriented Language DinnerBell
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(2) [10] Kenneth Kahn, Eric Dean Tribble, Mark S. Milller, and Daniel G. Bobrow. Objects in Concurrent Logic Programming Languages. In OOPSLA 86, pp. 242{257. ACM, 1987. [11] G.E. Kaiser. MELDing Data Flow and Object-Oriented Programming. In OOPSLA 87, pp. 254{267. ACM, 1987. [12] E. Meijer. Petri net models for the -calculus. In Advances in Petri Nets 1987, LNCS 266. Springer-Verlag, 1987. [13] J. E. B. Moss. Nested Transactions: An Approach to Reliable Distributed Computing. Technical Report LCS TR-260, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, Jun. 1981. [14] T. Moto-oka, H. Tanaka, H. Aida, K. Hirata, and T. Maruyama. The architecture of a parallel inference engine -PIE-. In Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Fifth Generation Computer Systems. ICOT, 1984. [15] M. Murakami. An Axiomatic Veri
(3) cation Method for Synchronization of Guarded Horn Clauses Programs. Technical Report TR-339, ICOT, 1988. [16] E. Y. Shapiro. Algorithmic Program Debugging. M.I.T. Press, 1982. [17] A. Takeuchi. Algorithmic Debugging of GHC Programs and Its Implementation in GHC. Technical Report TR-185, ICOT, 1986. [18] Kazunori Ueda. Guarded Horn Clause. Technical Report TR-103, ICOT, Jan. 1985. [19] Kazunori Ueda and Koichi Furukawa. Transformation Rules for GHC Programs. In Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Fifth Generation Computer Systems. ICOT, 1988. [20] S.A. Ward and R.H. Halstead. A syntactic theory of message passing. J. ACM, Vol. 27, No. 2,, 1980. [21] Daniel Weinreb and David Moon. Flavors: Message passing in the lisp machine. Technical report, Nov. 1980. [22] Xerox. The smalltalk-80 system. Byte, Vol. 6, No. 8,, Aug. 1981. [23] Y. Yokote and M. Tokoro. Concurrent Programming in ConcurrentSmalltalk. In ObjectOriented Concurrent Programming. The MIT Press, 1987. [24] A. Yonezawa, E. Shibayama, T. Takada, and Y. Honda. Modeling and programming in an object-oriented concurrent language ABCL/1. In Object-Oriented Concurrent Programming. The MIT Press, 1987. [25] Kaoru Yoshida and Takashi Chikayama. A'UM - a stream-based concurrent object oriented language -. In Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Fifth Generation Computer Systems. ICOT, 1988. [26] Y. Zhong and M. Sowa. Towards an Implicitly parallel Object Oriented Language. In Procs. of Compsac 87, pp. 481{485, 1987..
(4) ¸¹º» Program T¼½¹º³¾¿ DinnerBell 6ÀÁ MessageJoin T}~ÂiÃÄÅ6}Ƴ ¯ÇÈÉÊË̳¾Í¾ÆÎÏÊÐ~¿ÑÒ Petri-Net DinnerBell 6XYZ[NÓÔ¸Õ ~ÅÍÃÄ {Calculus TÇÕ~Ö×}ØÙÚÛÜÐ~Íiݹº~¿ÅºÃÄABXYZ[\ ]Z45ÍÞßÄ DinnerBell Êàºß¾~ÏÜÐ~¿ 8. áâã. ÃOPQRT}Ø Fine Grained Parallelism ÓäåT湺»CDEFGHI J45ÜÐ~¿çèéê»}ÆTÄ DinnerBell XYëL6ÂiìíÓîïXÓ³Õ PetriNet ÜÕ~ÅÍÊÜð~¿ÅºÓñ¾ßÄ Algorithmic Program Debugging 6òóÊôñ Üð³¾}ƳõöÞ³¾XYZ[N6ÂiìíTÁ¾ßÙ÷²³µ¶ZÓ{³ÆÅÍÊÜ ð~¿ DinnerBell øùTìÞßÃÄ DinnerBell Ó micro-message ÍúûüýOþ6ÿëïE01 6Ñ{OþT23Õ~4]56[ÍÄ micro-message ÓÑ{Õ~78²³ 64 9 Ü6ABXY ë KLMN6K\
(5) ïÊÞß¾~¿ÅºÃÄ4]56[Ä[]6Nîï]Í Ù C Ü鹺ßØÄ VAX, Sun/3 èÜÞß¾~¿ Petri-Net 6˸ÃÄ DinnerBell Prolog 64]56[ÍÞß鹺ßØÄHï G6Ä4]56[Ä6]XÄÃÕêß Prolog Ü鹺߾~¿ÅºÃÄ ,ÜÐ~¿ DinnerBell. [1] G. Agha and C. Hewitt. Concurrent programming using actors. In Object-Oriented Concurrent Programming. The MIT Press, 1987. [2] E. A. Ashcroft. Data ow and eduction: data-driven and demand-driven distributed computation. In Current Trends in Concurrency, LNCS 224. Springer-Verlag, 1986. [3] J.D. Brock and W.B.Ackermann. Scenario: A model of nondeterminate computation. In Formalization of Programming Concepts. Springer-Verlag, 1981. [4] Keith Clark and Steve Gregory. Parlog: Parallel progaming in logic. Technical Report Research Report DOC 84/4, Imperial College of Science and Technology, April 1984. [5] J.B. Dennis. Models of data ow computation. In CompCon. IEEE, 1984. [6] A.S. Grimshaw and J.W.S. Liu. Mentat: An Object-Oritented Macro Data Flow System. In OOPSLA 87, pp. 35{47. ACM, 1987. [7] Carl Hewitt. Control Structure as Patterns of Passing messages. In Arti
(6) cial Intelligence: An MIT Perspective, volume 2, pp. 435,465. 1979. [8] Carl Hewitt and Russell R. Atkinson. Speci
(7) cation and Proof Techniques for Serializers. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. SE-5, No. 1,, Jan. 1979. [9] Y. Ishikawa and M. Tokoro. Orient84/K: An Object-Oriented Concurrent Programming Language for Knowledge Representation. In Object-Oriented Concurrent Programming. The MIT Press, 1987..
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(10) ackB! ackA! to:Out split:Data. output:X write.... 25: Þ¾ Talk 6XYZ[N6HH.
(11) ack!. to:Out p4. p1 p2. t1. t2. p3 output:X. split:D. t4. p6. t3. t5. t6. p7 p8. 23: Ø6Ð~ Talk 6XYZ[N6HH [ between:User1 and:User2 DA ( Display newFor:User1 out:StdErr. DB ( Display newFor:User2 out:StdErr. KeyBoard from:StdIn to:DA and:DB. KeyBoard from:StdIn to:DB and:DA. class Talk. ]. [ newFor:~User out:Out to:Out; output:X1 to:Out1 Out2 ( ((Out1 write:~User) write:X) nl!. Out2 wait: ( to: Out2. *TRUE). class Display. ]. KeyBoard [ from:~In to:~A and:~B ackA!.ackB!; ackA!1ackB! split: (~In getC!); split: Data (~A output: Data) yes:( ackA!). (~B output: Data) yes:( ackB!). class. ]. [ Talk between:"Rick " and:"Eliza ". class Test. ]. 24: Þ¾ talk.
(12) [ between:User1 and:User2 Display1 ( Display newFor:User1. Display2 ( Display newFor:User2. Split1 ( Split to:Display1 and:Display2. Split2 ( Split to:Display2 and:Display1. KeyBoard newFor:User1 to:Split1. KeyBoard newFor:User2 to:Split2. class Talk. ]. class Display. ]. [. newFor:~User to:StdErr; output:X1 to:Out1 Out2 ( Out1 write: ~User write:X nl!. Out2 wait: ( to: Out2) [ to:~A and:~B; output:X ~A output:X. ~B output:X. class Split. ]. [ newFor:~User to:Out from:StdIn to:Out; from:In to:Out (X) ret: (In getC!). (X=:0) no:( Out output:X. from:In to:Out). class KeyBoard. ]. [ Talk between: "a" and: "b". class test. ]. 22: talk.
(13) ÿ6]6XYZ[NÜÐ~ TÄ between:and: ;ÆÿëïEÓ0~ÅÍT}ØÄT Á6·ïï1ÍTÁ6µLX 66@ÜÄP Í631Ê ~¿ ÃÄ , , 6 3 6CDEFGHÓTÁ>ÁØÄ(º ºÓ¡IÕ~¿ 6CDEFGHÃÄ 66]L]LÓüýÍÞßÀÁ from: Ó¢dÞßXYëLÓ~¿ Å6ÿëïE6P¢TÇ]Þß output: ;ÆÿëïEÜRÊ T0º~¿(ÅÜÄ output: ÃTÁT´BºÄ£¤6 T0º~¿ ÜÃNOÓÀÁ Ó to: ;ÆÿëïEÜ¢d¹ßÄ¥»RTeï¦ÓBßDÞß¾~¿ Å6XYZ[NÊ˸Õ~ Petri-Net ÊÄ 23ÜÐ~¿Å6HÃ^gܳ¾¿ÅºÃÄ ÊÄWËÕ~ÿëïEÊ^gܳ¾ÅÍT}~¿ÑÒÅ6XYZ[NÃÄ ÊÿëïEÓ§ýWËÕ~ÅÍT}ØÄ(ÅT¡I¹º» Place T¾WÜÙHïG]Ó¨2 ÕÅÍÊÜð~¿(6 Place THïG]Ê» ~Í ©ªÍl»ÿëïE65 6ÉóW³lßÞ ¾Ä ÍÄ 6@6ÿëïE656ÉÙ³W³lßÞ. Æ¿ Å6XYZ[NÃÄkµî6¯^gÉÊÄ«¡¶ZÓüð¬ÅÕ.T³lß¾~¿Á ØÄ XYZ[6/ß¾~®¯ÍÞß^g³kµîÓ/ß¾~6TÇÞßÄXYZ[Nï^g ³kµîÓ˸ÞßÞ Æ¿ÅºøùʶZ67yÞß¾~¿ Å6@°¾Ó³Þ»Ù6ÊÄ 24ÜÐ~¿Å6/ÃÄ ÊÄ 6 ackA!, ackB! ÓÝpÔ~ÅÍT}ØÄÂiÓÍlß¾~¿ÅºË¸¹º~ Petri-Net ÃÄ DinnerBell ^g³Ñ{kµîT³lß¾~¿ Petri-Net Óol»kµî6JV6PÁÃÄkµî6´`Ô¸ÊÚÛ³ÏÜÐ~¿Å6.ÜÙÄ Ä ÃÄÅ6 Petri-Net 6±T´`¹ºß¾~¿ÅÅÜÃÄ Petri-Net T²RÕ~ 6]«FïLÊÄHïG]ÓPÁ0~ÍHïG]ÊPÁR~}Ƴ³T³lß¾~Í/ß¾ ~¿Á Øı>6HïG]Ê Petri-Net 6^gÉÓ´µÞß³¾¿ÑÒ6 Input/Output Ãħ¶³£6 Petri-Net T}عº~Ã>AÊÄÅÅÜÃÄO·³ Petri-Net T}ØÄ( 6UE²³É)ABʹºß¾~¿ Å66¶ZÃÄ Commited Choice 345ÜéÞ» Talk ÜúTW¾¿³¸³Ä( º645ÜÃÂi31Ê,¹ÜÐØÄLHïN6ïEÊ«¡T¯^g³XYZ[NÓ~ ÅÍʳ¾»YÜÐ~¿ÅºÃÄÂi31Tu~jÔÃÄ^g³ Petri-Net 6ªÊ˸¹º~» YÜÐ~¿ÑÒ6 Unix ³8ÜÃÄ Talk ÜÙ31º6»± Ü6¯Âi31ʯMT<Þ¾>´ ÜÐ~¿Âi31ÜÐ~0w31ÃÞq2¹Þ¾>´ÜÐ~¿¯Âi31ÓLHïNÍï EÜÑÞ»Ä}ا¶³jÔTÄÅ6}Ƴ¶ZÊWËÕ~ÅÍÊÐ~¿ Å6.ÜÙÄÇtÃHIXYëLÜÐØĵ¶ZÊ<Þ¾XYZ[N6PÁÜÐ~¿ Alorthmic Program Debugging ³8ÜÃÄÅ6}Ƴ¯Âi31Ó¼ÆÅÍÃÜ𳾿ÑÒïE ÓABÜN½Ã¾´T§¶T³lßÞ Æ¿¯Âi316ÀÁ<Þ¹ÃÄCDEFGHIJ 452 ï¶ / G[6]Hkµî³8TJ^6,-ÜÐØÄÅ6µ¶ZFó6e¿ïG³Ï ÜÐ~¿ Å6}Ƴ¯ÂiXYH4îTìÞßÃĵ¶Z}ØÙÄÞq78Txðʺßð »¿786jÔÃÄÐ~J±6XYH4îTìÕ~®¯Ó°YßÄ(6®¯ÍXYH4îÊ¼Þ ß¾~8ÆÓXYH4î69:³NOÕêßTìÞß*ê³Wß󳾿Å678à JTXYH4îT º~XYëL6ýʱ6/TÃJT<Þ¾¿ÞÞÄÅÅÜyÞ»ò óÃÄÐ~J±6Ñ{KLTUV¾ß¾~»YTÄÐ~J±6ý6XYëLÊ º»/Ï6 Petri-Net Ó=QÞß¾~¿ÅºT}~0Dz³=Q6ÚÛ¹ÊÎÏ6PÁÜÐ~¿Å6ÏÜÄ XYH4î Petri-Net Ó˸Þß78Ó{³ÆòóÍÃÀ³~¿ XYH4î6Þ¹ÃÄÅÅÜ6òóÜÃq8Üð³¾ÊÄÞW³¾XYH4î6µ¶ ZÍ/~ÍıMNOT³l»/6Âiìí6É)Ó*êº~ÅÍÊÄH ïLTUV¾» Talk. Talk. Split. KeyBoard. Display. KeyBoard. StdIn. Split. Display. Display. StdErr. KeyBoard. keyBoard. KeyBoard. Display. KeyBoard. KeyBoard. StdIn. StdErr. Display.
(14) pick!. freeR! pickL!. pick! pickR! freeL!. pickL!. pick!. pick!. eat!. freeR!. 21: Dining Philosopher 6 Petri-Net.
(15) [ pick! 1 free!. class Fork. sender#1. ]. ret:TRUE. % sync free and pick. class Philosopher. [. left:~Lfork right:~Rfork id: ~N ; pickL! pickR!. ]. (~Lfork pick!) yes: (. pickR! );. (~Rfork pick!) yes: ( eat! ); freeL! ; eat! freeL! ~Lfork free! . freeR! ; ~Rfork free! . think! ; freeR! think! pickL!. class diningPhilosopher. [. ]. Fa ( Fork free!. ( Fork free!. Fb Fc ( Fork free!. ( Fork free!. Fd Fe ( Fork free!. ( Philosopher new! . Pa left:Fa right:Fb id:1. Pa ( Philosopher new! . Pb left:Fb right:Fc id:2. Pb Pc ( Philosopher new! . Pc left:Fc right:Fd id:3. Pd ( Philosopher new! . Pd left:Fd right:Fe id:4. ( Philosopher new! . Pe left:Fe right:Fa id:5. Pe Pa think!.Pb think!.Pc think!.Pd think!.Pe think!. 20: Dining Philosopher.
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(23) GH601ʬð~¿Å6}ÆTÄ3M place transition TÃÿëïE6Ü1ÓÕP Á678ÊÐØÄ transition ÃÿëïE601ÓÕ§ý678Ê6 place 6~¿ Å6/Ä MessageJoin TÃÄ transition TÇÕ~§ýRÊÇ]Õ~¿ Å6}ÆTÞßÄÿëïE6KLÓ Petri-Net 6BÜÕÅÍÊÜð~¿ÅºÊÄÅÅÜ oÆÑ{kµîÜÐ~¿Å6 Petri-Net Ó=QÕ~ÅÍT}ØÄXYZ[N6ÂiìíÓ*ê~ ÅÍÊÜð~¿ ÍWT6]L]L˸64 Ø6@6±MNOTÁ¾ß/}Æ¿Å6}Ƴ6]L] L6˸ʳ¾@6 Petri-Net 6HïG]5ïNTÃçù6}Ƴ6ÊÐØÆ~¿ HïG] Ê~ÞßÊõöÕ~ (Þ¾XYZ[N6#$) HïG] ÊWØÜð³W³lßõöÕ~ (µ1YG) óÞW6]L]LÓ~ transition T'§Õ~ (Ç6 phase 6É{) è¾>ºTÙ'§>ÄH7THïG]5ïNÊIW (HIXYëL) RS6 3 Á6NOT[>{ðÁW}ƳÙ6ÃÄRh6NOAB,-TÕº0¾¿Å6/ÃX YZ[NÃ8ÇÑ{Ü6H ïLT}~µ¶Z³8T}Ø=QÕ~ÅÍÊÜð~¿A{XYZ [N69:6Ð~jÔÃÄRh6H7THïG]5ïNÊIW9:ÉÊÐ~/ÜÐ~¿./0C ïM]ZKLMN2Ä ï¶G[6]Hkµî6 ï¶Ä311[6¶ÄXYëL6 ïE;³86^ñ³XYZ[NÊÅ6G[LT<Õ~¿Åº6G[LÜÃį°±²Ñ{2 +É6³¾¶ZÊÐØÄH ïL³86=76òóÜÃÆ Wµ¶ZÜ𳾿ÅÅÜéê » Petri-Net T}~kµîà DinnerBell XYZ[N6>´²³±MNOÄÁ ØÄXYëL@ 60wñ6=QòóÓ>?Õ~¿XYZ[Nj;6c:Ãħý6^g Petri-Net 6@6¯° ±²³NOÈÉBÍÞßf/~ÅÍÊÜð~¿ HIXYëLÓÕ Petri-Net 6=QÃÄ(6U<¹T}ØÄ(6HïG]5ïNBT ¾ßÄ Petri-Net @6HïG]6ýTèuÊÐ~jÔ (^g) Í(Æܳ¾jÔT´Bº~¿ ABC Petri-Net TÇÕ~9§,-Ó Place 6HïG]6´D65ï]TÇÞß NOÈÉÓ~ÅÍT}Ø=WÅÍÊÜð~¿9§,-Ê=B~ÅÍÃÄ Petri-Net T ìÕ~EÍr8Õêß6,-Ê=B~ÅÍÓc:Õ~¿ FABC ¯^gÜÐ~;ÆÅÍÃÄÐ~J±6 Place 6HïG]Ó¾WÜÙ ¨2~;ÆÅÍÜÐØį°±²³XYëLý6¨ Óc:Õ~¿¯^g³ Petri-Net TÇÕ~9§,-Ã=°9:ÜÃÐ~ÊIJTÃU<ÜÐ~¿ ÅÅÜ6 Petri-Net 9§,-ÍÃÄSiNOÄÐ~9:³HïG]6´DNOTÄ'§ Üð~8ÆÓ*ê~,-ÜÐ~¿ ^g³XYZ[NT}Ø[©³ABXYZ[N6EÍr86G[LÓÕ~ÅÍÊÜð~¿ ÍWT¯^gÉøùÊÄ (hÜyÕ}ÆT) [©³56ÉÓ´µÞß¾~}ƳjÔÊÐØÄÅ 6}ƳjÔï^gÉ67DABÓ{³/0¾¿,-öZÓJ±Üð~}ƳÄ=QÉ6 ¾kµîÓÀÁXYZ[NÓ~ÅÍÜÐØÄ^gÉÃA{XYZ[\]Z6PÁ6GHUê Í/~ÅÍÊÜð~¿ ¯^g³ Petri-Net ÓËÌ~}ƳXYZ[NÍÞßÃÄ./0Ä üý N Óf/ß N d6ÿëïEÓÂÌCDEFGHTÇÞß01Õ~Ù6Ä GIEÓÜBÍ>TÿëïEÓJuT˸Õ~CDEFGH [. [. Petri-Net]. Petri-Net].
(24) Time. Phase 1 ..... Phase n. 11: Phased Petri-Net ÅÅÜ6Ñ{kµîÍÃÄXYZ[N6ÌÑ{66]L]L6&KÓyÕÙ6ÜÐ~¿X YZ[NøùÃÄXYZ[6Àlß¾~®¯ÓL»¹³¾ÅÍ (¶Z) ÊÐØÄXYZ[Nø ùÓ*êßÙ(6PMÓ*ê~ÅÍÃ<Þ¾¿³¸³Ä(ºÃPP²³78,-ÜÐ~ ÜÐ~¿(º}ØÙÄd¤6Ñ{ÊÄXYZ[6/ß¾~®¯ÍPMÞß¾~8ÆÓ* ê~òÊMT2¹Þ¾¿ÞÞABÑ{ÜÃÑ{kµî(6Ù6ʧ¶T³lßÞ Æ6ÜÄÅ ÅÜÃÂiìí6ª6Ñ{kµîÓ±"Þß¾~¿ 5.1. Phased Petri-Net. Pd6XYZ[NÑ{6KLÓ/~¿ DinnerBell ÜÃKLÃÿëïE5K]Z6&Ô ÜÐØÄ ACTOR kµî [7] ͯÄÌÿëïE5K]ZTÃÄÞ6ìíTUVWN56ì íÊÐ~¿ Petri-Net Ó˸Þß¾WîOPNÓ/~»YTÄÅ6N56Óôa³j 56Ó/~¿N56j56Ó˸Õ~QTbcÉÊÐ~6ÜÄÑ{KLTÇÞßPcT°. ~kµîÜó¾ÊÄÅ6bcÉÃÅÅÜÃx©Üó¾¿Å6j56Ó»8lßÿëïE 5K]Z6&ÔÓÄ6]L]L˸6ÿëïEÓT´)Õ~¿ DinnerBell TÃÄ 2 ,6ÖýÊÐØÄPÁà method Öý (P/Öý) ÜÄÙÆPÁà itBlock Öý (6]L]LÖý) ÜÐ~¿ DinnerBell ÃÄOPQRÜÐ~Ä itBlock Öý6ÕÃÄ CDEFGH6˸ç¥Ö³¾¿PòÄ method Öý6òÃÄÿëïE01ÍTÕÊÖ ~¿ÅºTRäÞßÄ6]L]LÓ˸Õ~ÿëïEÍÄ(Æܳ¾ÿëïE6TÁT ÿëïEÓ´,Õ~¿Å6´,ÃÄÿëïEÊG[LT0º~Ä6]L]L (Öý) T 0º~T}lßS£Üð~¿ Å6/Ä(º º6´)¹º»>´ÃÄ6]L]LÓ˸޳¾ÿëïEAB³l ß¾~¿Å6ÿëïE6²ºÍÄ6]L]LÄ Petri-Net Ó&¸Õ~ÅÍÊÜð~¿ÿ ëïE6Ü1ÃÄPT6 place Í transition ͳ~¿CDEFGHT0º»ÿëïEÊ¥~ jQÊ place ÜÐØÄÿëïEÊÜBBº~Í transition Ó3UÞßħý66CDEF.
(25) 6 itBlock TJBß0º~¿Å6/T T2GÞ» wait: ÓolßÄD6CDEFGH 6GIEÓÝlß¾~¿ ÂÌÿëïE5ï]ÃÄPÁ6CDEFGHTPÁÞV¹º³¾ÊÄTÁ6ÿëï E5ï]ÊÂÌPÁ6ÿëïE5ï]Ó^Þß MessageJoin Ó&¸Õ~ÅÍÃV¹º~¿ Å6ÍðTÃÄÝÔ6ñcÊÜðß¾~òÊWX¹º~¿ÅºÓolßÑÒTNOÖýÓÑ Õ~ÅÍÊÜð~ ( 10)¿ ÅÅÜÃÄ state:X ;ÆÿëïEÊ¢dÕ~¿Å6ÿëïE ÃÄ write:XÄ read! 68pPòÍ Join Õ~¿ÅÅÜÃTÁÐ~ Continuation 6Æp read! TÇÞß6ªÛ/Ó01Þß¾~¿ Å6 TÃÄ >SiÆÍÞß state:0 6ÿëï Register. class Register. ]. [. read!1 state:X *X. state:X; write: X1 state:Y state:X. 10: Register in DinnerBell E0~¿Å6CDEFGHT write:1 Ê0º»ÍÞ}Æ¿Õ~ÍÄ itBlock 6 iteration T}Ø state:1 ÊÄø´øùT0º~¿ÇT read! Ê¥~ÍÄ state:1 Í Join ÞßÕ6 1 ÊÄ read! T ÇÞßÓ¹º~¿§ý6 read! ʥ߾»ÍÞßÙÄ(6,6PÁÞ Join Þ³¾¿(ºÃÄ state:1 ÊPÁÞ³¾ÜÐ~¿ write: Ó¾W»W¹r0lßÙ state: ÿëïEè/³¾ÅÍ TRcÞßYÞ¾¿ 5 DinnerBell Z[ !" 8Ç36XYZ[\]Z45ÜÃÄÑ{6ÓÕkµîÍÞßÄ./0ÄÐ~XYZ[N 6Ñ{T¾ßÄ(6XYZ[NTº~Õêß6ìý6RÍÕ6TÓC~ÅÍÊÜð~¿. »Ä12345ÜÃÄÕêß6é5TÇÕ~12Öý6Õ6CØò6&ÔÊÑ{kµîTÇ]Õ ~¿ÞÞÄ8p6jÔÜÙÄABÑ{ »Ãį°±ÉÓ}Ƴ45\]TÇÞßÃÄ Ñ{6¯¢Ó¾´TÞ»Ñ{kµîT󳾿¯°±ÉÍÂi&6TÔÊRD2 12Öý6Õ6CØòTº³¾^º»NOÓØAÞß¾ßĹTÅ6^º»NOÓÄ£³ Âi&T}Ø_`Õ~ÅÍÊÜð~¿Å6^º»NOÃÄXYëL6ÂiìíÓÞß¾~¿ źÃÄ Brock-Ackermann Anomaly[3] ÍÞßrºß¾~¿ÞÞÄÅ6}Ƴab³RD Ó}ƳÑ{kµîïMT§¶T³lßÞ Æ¿ (ÅÜÄ¥6XYZ[N6Ñ{KLľq¾q³^_ÓcßßXYëL@6ìíABÓ dðDÞ»kµîÓ~ÅÍÓ/~¿ DinnerBell ÃÄ MessageJoin Óol»Âi&ÓÀÁ 45ÜÄ(6Ñ{ÃÄ Petri-Net 6˸Í(6èÜ6HïG]5ïNÍ/~ÅÍÊÜð~¿( ÅÜÄÐ~ Petri-Net ܹº»±MNOÓ/@eòJT¡IÞ»}ƳÙ6Ó/~¿(ÅÜ ÅºÓ Phased Petri-Net ( 11) ÍúûÅÍTÕ~¿ Å6kµîÃÄ DinnerBell 6Ð~J±6Ñ{KLTÇÞß˸¹º~¿Á ØÄÂÌXYZ [NÓÂÌRµïTÇÞßÑ{¹ßÙÄÑ{6PdÍTÅͳ~kµîÊÜð~¿Å6 kµîÃÄ |TÇ]Þ»kµî [12] ³86}ÆTÄXYZ[N6Ñ{Ó(6. Petri-Net T Ö×Õ~6ÜóWÄÑÒ6XYZ[N Petri-Net ܹº~XYëL6ôABÓdðD Þ»Ù6ÜÐ~¿./0Ä¥6XYZ[NÜÃÄÿëïEÃÕÓ5ûÙ6ÜÐ~ÊÄ˸¹º » Petri-Net Ó=QÕ~/TÃÄÅ6ÕÓJfÞß¾~¿.
(26) ï1 wait: Óolß01Õº0¾BÜÐ~¿ Out2 wait: ( to: Out2). h6.ÜDßW~}ÆTG[L ÓGIETo¾Ä yes: Ó wait: 6QØToÆÅ ÍÙÐ~¿ 4.4 MessageJoin ghi statementBlock Í MessageJoin ÓTÔßĹ j ³Âi,-Ó DinnerBell ÜXYZ [NÕ~ÅÍÊÜð~¿ÅÅÜx©³ÅÍÃÄÿëïE6ÝpÔ6EÃÄÕêßÿëï E5K]ZT}l߸9Þß¾~ÏÜÐ~¿ÅºT}ØÄkµî6&'ÊÚÛT³lß¾~6 ÜÐ~¿ TRUE. 4.4.1. klmn. ÅÅÜÃÄhÜoÆ Dining Philosopher 6.-6,ÜÏÐÑ2Ó{³Æ«ÅïGÓ2GÕ~¿ Å6«ÅïGTÇÞßÄ > free! Ó0~ÅÍT}ØSiÆÕ~¿«ÅïGÓo¾»¾XYëL ÃÄ pick! Ó0~¿Å6«ÅïGÃÄ free! ÍÄ pick! 6TÁ6ÿëïEÓÝpÔ~}ÆT ³lß¾~6ÜÄoÊ free! Þ³Bº0Ä pick! Ü𳾿źÃÄ DinnerBell ÜÄ binary semaphore ÓÑÕ~/6åê²³òóÜÐ~ ( 8)¿ Å6/Ä ÃÄ pick! TÇ]Õ~ TRUE. [ pick! 1 free!. class Fork. sender#1. ]. ret:TRUE. % sync free and pick. 8: Fork in Dining Philosopher Continuation TÇÞß01¹º~¿ 4.4.2. lpq. §ý6XYëL¥~§ý6ÿëïEÓPÁ6LHïNT ÍY~ÅÍÊÄïEÜ ÐØÄ./0ÄRD³8T[©T³~¿ÅÅÜÃÄÿëïEÇXYZ[N Talk 6P>6 ÓXߪ}Æ¿ >Ä newFor: T}ØÄ itBlock Öý User Teï¦Óæ±ÞÄ to: Ü Out 6SiNOÓI±Õ~¿(ÞßÄÅ6CDEFGHÓNOÓÀl» to:Out ;Æÿëï EÓø´T0~¿Á ØÄÅ6 to:Out Ê Ó¢dÞß¾~¿Å6¢dÞß¾~ÿëï EÍÝpÔ~ÅÍT}lßÄïEÊѹº~¿Å6}ÆTÞ³¾Í Out TÇÞßÄ write: Í nl! Ê5ÂT0ºßÞ Æ ( 9)¿ to:Out ÃÄÅ6,6 statementBlock 6,Pr± Display. Display. [ newFor:~User out:Out to:Out; output:X1 to:Out1 Out2 ( ((Out1 write:~User) write:X) nl!. Out2 wait: ( to: Out2. *TRUE). class Display. ]. 9: Merge and Display.
(27) [ yes: aBlock no: aBlock. class TRUE. ]. aBlock eval! ;. [ no: aBlock aBlock eval! ; yes: aBlock ;. class FALSE. ]. 5: TRUE and FALSE ðTîïXÃÄPr@s6 itBlock 6 self TÇÞß{º~¿ÅÅÜÃÄ fact: Ê(6}Ƴÿ ëïET³lß¾~¿ÅºÓÿëïE6¢dÍúû¿ class Factorial. fact: N. ]. [. (N =: 0) yes: ( * 1) no: ( * ( (fact: (N 0: 1)) *: N) ). 6: Factorial. t9u4vwx. »DYGÃÄyzGHToÆÅÍÙÜð~¿ DinnerBell 6}ƳOPQR3µïÙ 645ÜÃÄÖýà AÕÓ{ð| ºß¾³¾}±6NOÍÄÕÊ{ð| º»NO6T Á6NOÓÀlß¾~¿ÕÊ{ð| º~;ÆÅÍÓÕÊ»±Õ~ÍپƿÐ~Öý6ÕÊ 4.3.4. »±Õ~ÅÍT}ØÄJ±6 statememntBlock 6,ÓÑ{Õ~;ƳÜÂiÓÍØ»¾ÍÞ }ƿźà active value[21] 6}ƳÙ6Í/ß¾¿ DinnerBell ÜÃĵ«ÅîHÜ 76G[LÓ ~ Þß¾~¿Þ»Êlßbc6Öý (R# ²TÃÄ 6CDEFGHT»±Õ ~) TÄÅ6ÿëïEÓ0~ÅÍÊÜð~¿o¾òÃÄÝpÔ»¾ÖýTJlß·ï ï 1 wait: ÓolßDYGÓ01Õ~¿ DinnerBell ÜÃÄÿëïE601ÃÄ01%Ê»±Õ ~ Üzi¹º~¿ÕÊ»±Õ~Í wait: ÿª1Ê ¬¹ºÄDYGT eval! 6ÿëïE Ê0ºDYGÊðDÕ¿ Å6 L]1ÍÕ60T}lß©àÙ / yzGH / Âi class Waiter. [ ]. wait: B. B eval!. 7: yzGHDYGÓ¬Õ~ÿª1 6»Y6]1KF6GÓ{Æ¿./0ÄÖý Out2 6ÕÊ»±Þ»Ä to: Out2 ;Æÿ ëïEÓø´T0Ø»¾ÍÕ~¿Å6/TÃÄÇ|6}ÆTÄ(6ÿëïE01Óµ«ÅîH 6ÿëïE5ï]ÓÀÁ statementBlock TÁWlßÄÝpÔ»¾ÖýTJlß·ï.
(28) pick! 1 free!. ;Æ5ï]³0ÄRS6 pick! 6 Continuation Ê sender#1 ÜÐØÄ free! 6 Continuation Ê sender#2 ͳ~¿ Continuation 6L4ïXÍÃJ£Tæ±¹ºß¾~¿ÅºÃÇTéê ~åæ ÜÃÄÌåæ Ã(66ÿª16 Continuation Ó^Þ»òÊγ»YÜÐ~¿ à method ÖýAÊÄL4ïXà itBlock ÖýÍÞßCؼº~¿3MÃÜ1sÜÃçù 6}Ƴ³ÜÛ/Ê01¹º~¿ sender#1 ret: 3. ÿëïE01/6 Continuation 6I±ÃÄ ( ÓoÆ& Êñc¹ºß¾~¿Ü1s6 ContinuationÄ sender#1 ÃÄ * Óñ¾ß *#1ĹTÄÅ6}ÆT 1 r6jÔÃÄOT * ÍÕ~ ÅÍÊÜð~¿¹TÄ Continuation TÁ¾ß÷ï ï1ÙÓVÕ¿ÿëïE5ï ]AB³~ statementBlock ÃÍGÓÕ~ÅÍÊÜðßÄ »Äµ«ÅîH6 ·ï ï1ÍÞß ret: Êoº~ÅÍT³lß¾~6ÜÄ01sÃçù6}ÆT³~¿ źT }ØÄè6TÁ6|Ãçù6}ÆTÜð~¿ X. ( 1 +: 2. *3. źÜÄ Smalltalk-80 ͯ6& TX/~}ÆT³l»¿ »ÅÅÜùÊO³~ܳ WÄ& 6P>Ó&¸Þß¾~¿78øùÃÄ Continuation Ó /~»Y6ÜÐØÄ( 6 /%ÃÄ5ï]ܳ¾ÄCDEFGHÜÙ}¾¿Â¯Tçù6}ÆTABQRÙÑÜ ð~¿ high: H low: L( List. split!. Û/601sÜÃÄÇ6}ÆT high: Í low: 6TÁÓÂ/TP\T sender#1 T01ÞßÙ¾ ÞÄ sender#1 high: H low: L. Ð~¾Ãçù6}ÆTT\T=lߣ¤T01ÞßÙ¾¿ sender#1 high: H. sender#1 low: L. »£¤6CDEFGHÊÄ high: Í low: Ó£¤T01ÞßÙ¾¿ 4.3.2. . ÜÃ"2ÕÙCDEFGHÍÞßÓ¹º~¿ Smalltalk-80 ͯTÄ"2ÕTÇ ÞßDYGÓ0ØÁB~ÅÍT}ØÄ"6/Tà yes: Ü0º»DYGTÄ6/Tà no: Ü0º»DYGT eval! Ê0ºßÄ(6DYGÊðDÕ¿DYG6,6ÖýÍ Continuation ÃıÍ^¹º~ ( 5)¿ p9 ÿëïE5ï]ʹº»CDEFGHTÃÄ eval! ;ÆÿëïE5ï]Ê7± ¹º~¿Yïî³CDEFGHÍÅ6óÓolßÄåæ|ÓéÞ»6ÊÇ6źÓÎ ñÞ».66.ÜÐ~ ( 6)¿ÿëïE01|T¾ß01%ÓÕ~Íĵ«Åî HÍÞßÄ01Õ~CDEFGHøùÜÐ~ self Ê01%ͳ~¿ÅºÊîïXÓÕ¿Å6Í DinnerBell. 4.3.3.
(29) ³µï«YïZ[«T0aÕ~¿ÅÅÜÃÄ DinnerBell 6 2 ,6Åͳ~ÓÀÁÖý ÊDßðß¾~¿ÙpqrÄź6ÖýÃÄ(66@ÄÕÊ{ð×/º~ÅÍó¾¿ A 6 /6 \~" ÃÄ A Ê Smalltalk-80 66]L]LÖýT0aÕ~ÖýÜÄ itBlock ÖýÜÐ ~ÅÍÓÕ¿Å6ÖýÃÄCDEFGH (itBlock) ÍÂÌÓÀpÄÅ6G[L6}ÆTÄ ±ý2õ±¹º»µï«YïÓÕÅÍToÆ¿ DinnerBell ÜÃÄT Smalltalk-80 6P/ ÖýT0aÕ~ method Öý;ÆÙ6ÊÐØÄÅÅÜ6 X Ê(ºÜÐ~¿G[LÍÞß4¹ ºß¾³WßÄ \~" Ù 1¹ºß¾³¾¦ à method ÖýÜÐ~¿Å6Öý6Ãÿª1 úDÞ6(ºÍÂÌÜÐØÄÅ6CDEFGHT output: ;ÆÿëïEÊ¥~/TóÞW º~¿Þ»ÊlßÄOPQRÖýÞÀ»³¾45ÜÐlßÙÂÌCDEFGHTÇÞßÄ output:1 Í output:2 6}ÆTÿëïEÓdÜÙ0~ÅÍÊÜð~¿Å6.6}ÆT DinnerBell ÜÃÄ method ÖýÜÜB~ÿëïE5ï]Í itBlock Öý6016]GÊµï «YïZ[«Ó&¸Õ~ÅÍʾ¿ itBlock ÖýÓÿëïE5ï]6§ý6ÿëïE6'â2ÄÖýÓ^Õ~CD EFGHÜ6§ý6ÿëïE6'â³8ÃÄOPQR6°¼Í³~¿ DinnerBell ÜÃÅ6 }ƳjÔ[ïÍÞßÞ ÆÊÄÃ~IÕ~¿ 4.3 ã ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨ () ÜWW~ÅÍT}ØÿëïE01|ÓLH¹~ÅÍÊÜð~¿./0 1 +: (2 +: 3) 6}ƳéÊÜð~¿¹TÄCDEFGH6,T () ÜWWl»ÄGÓÀÁ©96C DEFGH statementBlock Ó~ÅÍÊÜð~¿ÅºÃÄ Smalltalk-80 6DYGTÇ]Õ~ Ù6ÜÄDYG6,ͱÜÖýÃjWÂÌÙ6ÓIÕ¿Þ»Êlß statementBlock Ê(6± 6 itBlock ÍÂÌÓÀÁ;ÆÅÍÙÜð~¿ Å6}ƳÓ^Þ»Rº¢6CDEFGHÃÄ Lisp ÜÃÄ closure ÍÞßrºÄµï ªïL6´!ÜÃÄ Nested Transaction[13] ÍÞß¹ºß¾ß¾~¿{ð×/9:³Öý ÓoÆXYZ[\]Z45ÜÃÄABùÜRº¢T³l»§ý6CDEFGHÓÂ/Ñ{¹ ÁÁÄ(ºÓCDEFGH6NO6«B9:ÉÓ«ÀÕ~ÅÍÃ<Þ¾¿ Smalltalk-80 2 ABCL/1 ÜÃÄCDEFGH6,ÜÑ{Ê8Ç3T³~6ÜÄѬÕ~ÅÍÊÜ𻿠DinnerBell 6jÔÃCDEFGH6,6ÖýÊNOÓÀ»³¾6ÜÄÚÛT®³WDYGÓRÕ ~ÅÍÊÜð~¿ 4.3.1. ¯°±. Continuation. ÜÃDYGù j ³³Üoº~ÊÄRÙWoº~6ÃQR ÍÞß oÆÅÍAqÆ¿ DinnerBell ÜÃQR ܹ/ÙÿëïE5K]ZT}Øѹº~¿ DinnerBell Üà Actor kµîͯTÄÛ6Ó²ÃÄÛ60Ø%ÓIÕÖýÜÐ~ Continuation Óol ßѹº~¿ÑÒÿëïE5ï]AB³~µÊ³6 statementBlock Ó Continuation ÍÞß0~ÅÍT}ØQR ÓÑÜð~¿5ï]]ZÊÑÒ6QR6()Ó6 »Þß¾~¿Û/ÃÅ6 continuation: Ü0º»CDEFGHTÇÞßÿëïE5K]Z ÜÓ¹º~¿ÅºÃçù6}ÆT鹺~¿ DinnerBell. 1 +: 2 continuation: (ret:X ). JTÿëïE6 MessageJoin Óol»ÿª16jÔTÃÄÿëïE601Äçý7Õ ~6Ü Continuation Ù§ý7Õ~¿(ÅÜ(º º6ÿëïE5ï]65T 1 r ÓBß4£Õ~¿ÅÅÜÄ Continuation ³86J£³ÖýÃÄ´µÖýÍú sender#1Ä sender#2 ³8ÍéÕ~¿.
(30) =:X free! 1 pick! to:A and:B output: X. 2: Message Pattern ¯°±ÉÊËÌ~¿ÅºÃABÑ{ù6Âi&TUVW¯°±ÉÜÐ~¿Å6jÔÄÂi& ÍÞßo¾2ÕWÕ~»YÄÕêß6ÿëïEÊ(qÆ ÜµÃÑ{¹º³¾ÍÞß¾~¿ 36}ÆT MessageJoin ÃÄ& ²TÙc:²TÙABÿëïE01ÍéÇÜÐ~¿. 8 8. 8 * 8. H H. H H j. -. -. H H. 8 8. H H j. Parallel Message Send. 8 * 8. MessageJoin. 3: Symmetry of MessageJoin 4.2. §ï¶ !. 46 ÃÄ DinnerBell 6G[L±"6·3ÜÐØÄ »Ä DinnerBell 6CDEFGH 6·3²³o¾òÜÙÐ~¿RS6 ÊG[L¦ÓÕ¿ DinnerBell 6G[LÃÄ itBlock Íú0º~¸¹6,TÄ \;" Ü4 l»§ý6ÿª1ÓAê»Ù6ÜÐ~¿ÿª 1ÃÿëïE5ï]ÍÿëïE016TÜÄÿëïE5ï]ÍÿëïE01à GÍú0º~¸¹Ü4 º~¿G6hq601|õÍú0º~¿ itBlock 6 it à iteration ÓÞß¾ß+º²ÿëïE016OþÜÐ~ÅÍÓÞß¾~¿ Å6CDEFGHÃÄ A Í B ;ÆTÁ6CDEFGHTÄ output:X ;ÆÿëïEÓ4»ï Split. class Split. [ to:~A and:~B; output:X ~A output:X. ~B output:X. class Split. ]. 4: Class De
(31) nition ÞßÄ(6TÁT0Ø|ÖðÓÕ~¿pÆ8źÃÄ A Í B HïG]Ó4»ïÕ~}Æ.
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