D e c e m b e r 1 9 6 5
Observations of the faU‑out radionuclides at Kanazawa Masanobu SAKANOUE , Ma
呂umiOSAWA , Tet
日uoHASHIMOTO
and Kazuhisa I(OMURA
R a d i o c h e m i c a l L a b o r a t o r y , D e p a r t m e n t of C h e m i s t r y Fa α u t y of S c i e
目i
Ge,Kanazawa U n i v e r s i t y
( R e c e i v e d 2 5 S
巴p t e m b
色r 1 9 6 5 )
From J a n u a r y 1 9 6 3 t o May 1 9 6 5 , f o u r e v e n t s i n r
巴g a r d t o t h e r a d i o a c t i v e f a l l o u t were e x p e r i e n c e d a t Kanazawa owing t o t h e n u c l e a r t e s t e x p l o s i o n s i n f o r e i g n coun
四t r i e s . 1 1 1 t h e s e c a s e s , som
巴s t u d i e swere c a r r i e d o u t by t h e members o f t h e r a d i o c h e m i c a l l a b o r a t o r y o f Kanazawa U n i v e r s i t y and t h e i r r e s u 1 t s a r e r e p o r t e d h e r e .
1 . RadionucHde f r a c t i o n a t i o n seen i n the faUout accompanied with the heavy snow f a l l i n January , 1 9 6 3 .
I n t h e m i d d l
巴o f J a n u a r y 1 9 6 3 , t h e r e was t h e heavy snow f a l l a t t h e Hokuriku D i s t r i c t s o f J a p a n , i n c l u d i n g o u r c i t y , Kanazawa. S
巴v e r a l r a c l i o n u c l i c l e s were o b s e r v e d by m
巴a n s o f gamma ィ ay s p e c t r o m e t e r i n t h e s a m p l e s b r o u g h t with s n o w f a l l a n c l u n u s u a l e n v i r o n m e n t a l r a c l i a t i o n c l o s e o f 0.016 mr/h was m e a s u r e c l a t t h i s a r e a by s u r v e y meter 011 F e b r u a r y 1 . These r a c l i o n u c l i c l e s might b e o r i g i n a t e c l from t h e R u s s i a n l a r g e s c a l e n u c l e a r t e s t a i
トb u r s ti n t h
巴autumno f 1 9 6 2 . The r e l a t i v e c o n t e n t s o f some r a c l i o n u c l i d e s i n v a r i o u s s
乱mp!eswer
百s t u d i e dand t h e f r a c t i o n a t i o n e f f e c t f o r r a d i o n u
回c l i d
四p r o c l u c e dby nu c 1 e a r e x p l o s i o n w
乱so b s e r v e d i n t h o s e s a m p l e s . This f r a c t i o n a t i o n p r o c e s s may b e c a u s ε d t h r o u g h a whole s t a g e o f t h e i r h i s t o r y , t h a t i s , from t h e i r p r o c l u c t i o n t o t h e i r f a l l with s n o w . Furthermore , when snow thaws and t h a t w a t e r p a s s e s i n t o t h e s o i l o f s u r f a c
巴a r e a , t h
巴s e c o n c l a r y f r a c t i o n a t i o n may o C C U l owing t o t h ε d i f f e r e n t p r o p e r t i e s o f t h e s e r a c l i o n u c l i d e s i n s o l u t i o l 1 . These i n f o r m a t i o n s f o r e a c h r a d i o n u c l i d e i n v a r i o u s s a m p l e s a r
己u s e f u lt o c l e a l with t h e h e a l t h p h y s i c a l p l 叶 J l e m s r e l a t e c l t o r a d i o l o g i c a l h a z a r d s .
Gamma s c i n t i l l a t i o n c o u n t e r o f N u c l e a r C o r p . with 1 ' / φ ) , 1 " NaI c r y s t a l was u s e d
t o measure t h
巴g r o s sa c t i v i t y and 1 0 0 c h a n n e l p u l s e h e i g h t a n a l y z e r o f Ten A N
聞1 0 0 t y p e (Kob
色KogyoC o r p . ) with 1 3 / 4 吋、く 2 " NaI w e l l t y p e c r y s t a l was a l s o u s e c l f o r gamma s p e c t r o m e t r i c measurement o f v a r i o u s s a m p l e s .
A l l s a m p l e s s t u d i e d were c o l l e c t e d a t t h e o l d campus o f t h e F a c u l t y o f S c i ε n c e i n S e n g o k t
トmachio f Kanaz
旦wac i t y . The s a m p l e s (a) a n c l (b) , whose s p e c t r u m s w e r e shown i n F i g . 1 , were t h e snow s a m p l e s d e p o s i t e d on t h e same p l a c
巴a t t h e p l a y
帽g r o u n c l , b u t t h e f o r m e r was sampled from t h e s u r f a c
日o fd e p o s i t e c l snow a n c l t h e l a t t e r from t h e l a y e r a t 50 cm d e p t h . Both s a m p l e s were m e l t e c l with h e a t i n g , r e s p e c t i v e l y
‑ 6 9
ー7 0 M a s a n o b u SAKANOUE , Masumi OSA W A , T e t s u o HASHIMOTO , a n d K a z u h i s a KOMURA ,
X 1 0 3 c o u n t s 2 。 目
0 . 1 0 . 5 Mev
F i g ⑨ 1 . Gamma r a y s p e c t r a o f s n o w a n d s o i l ( a ) t h e s u r f a c
邑s n o w s a m p l e ( 1 2 ' 5 0
つ( b ) t h e 5 0 c m d e p t h s n o w s a m p l e ( 4 6 ' 3 1 " ) ( c ) t h e s o i l s a m p l e ( 6 0 ' ) ( d ) t h
芭d r i
出i
時w a t e r
s a m p ! e ( 2 0 ' )
) m e a s u r i n g t i m e
and o n e l i t r e o f ε a c h s a m p l e was e v a p o r a t e d t o dryn
巴s s i n o r d e r t o measure i t s gamma r a d i o a c t i v i t y . The s a m p l e (a) had 2 . 6 x 1 0 3 c o u n t s pεminut
号r a d i o a c t i v i t y and t h e sample (b) showed 0
,9 4 x 1 0 3 cpm ( b a c k g r o u n d c o u n t : 0 . 5 7 x 1 0 3 cpm). From t h e gamma r a y s p e c t r u m s shown i n F i g . 1 , i t was f o u n d t h
旦tC
ト1 4 1 ( i t s h a l f 1 i f ε : 3 3 . 1 d a y s ) , Ru
目1 0 3( 3 9 . 8 d ) and Zr
回9 5 ‑ N ト 9 5p
旦i r( t h e i r h a l f l i v e s : 6 5 d and 3 5 d r e s p e c
圃t i v e l y ) were p r e d o m i n a n t compon
色n t s , b u t t h e r e l a t i v e a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e s e n u c l i d e s were d i f f e r e n t from e a c h o t h e r . R a t i o s o f peak h e i g h t s d u e t o t h e s e n u c l i d e s a r e e s t i m a t e d g r a p h i c a l l y a s f o l l o w s . The Ru
阻1 0 3: Z r ‑ 9 5 : Ce
町1 4 1r a t i o s a r e f o u n d t o b e 1 1 . 1 2 . 3 i n t h e s a m p l e ( a) and 1 0 . 5 1 . 1 i n t h e s a m p l e (b). For compar
回i s o n , gamma r a y s p e c t r u m s o f d r i n k i n g w a t e r s l i t r e ) i n Kanazawa c i t y and s o i 1 s c o l l e c t e d a t ground s u r f a c e a r e shown
旦l s oi n F i g ¥ 1 . I t s h o u l d b e n o t i c e d t h a t t h e peak h
巴i g h tdue t o Z r
四9 5 i s more c o n s p i c u o u s t h a n t h a t duεto Rl
ト1 0 3i n t h e s o i l s a m p l e .
To examine t h e f r a c t i o n a t i o n e f f e c t s o f t h e s e r a d i o ‑ n u c l i d e s i n v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l s , t h e column b e d was p r e ‑ p a r e d with s a n d s o f d i f f e r e n t p a r t i c 1 e s i z e and c a t i o n and a n i o n i o n e x c h a n g ε r s , and t h e thawed snow w a t e r s was p a s s ε d i n t o t h a t column bed c o n t i n u o u s l y from t h e t i l e d r o o f o f t h e wooden l a b o r a t o r y b u i l d i n g t h r o u g h t h e p o l y e t h y l e n ε t u b e . As shown i n t h e l e f t p a r t o f F i g . 2 , t h e column bed was made by t h e f o l l o w i n g way. An a c r y l r
巴s i ncolumn ( 4 cm i n d i a m e t e r and 23cm l o n g ) was f i U e d s u c c e s s i v e l y from t h e u p p e r p a r t t o t h e l o w e r p a r t with c o a r s e s a n d s o f a b o u t 3 0
咽6 0mesh p a r t i c 1 e s i z e , f i n e s a n d s o f u n d e r 6 0 mesh , c a t i o n i o n e x c h a n g e r (Ambe r 1 i t e I R ‑ 1 2 0 o f 3 0 ‑ 4 0 mesh) and f i n a l l y a n i o n i o n e x c h a n g e r (Dowex 1 x 8 o f 2 0 0
凶4 0 0m e s h ) . The u p p e r and l o w e r e n d s o f t h e column wεre s e a l e d wIth n y l o n o f f i n e n e t s t r u c t u r e and t h e same n e t was u s e d a t t h e boundary betw
巴en d i f f e r e n t bed f r a c t i o n s . A f t e r p a s s i n g a b o u t 1 0 0 l i t r e s o f thawed snow w
品t e r i n t o t h e column , t h e column bed was s l i c 吋 t oe v e r y o n e cm t h i c k l a y e r . Then , t h e m
間s u
民ment o f g r o s s gamma a c t i v i t i e s and gamma r a y s p e c t r o m e t r y were c a r r i e d o u t f o r e a c h s l i c e d l a y e r . The r e s u l t s a r e shown i n F i g . 2 and F i g . 3
。Along with t h e s e e x p e r i m e n t s , o n e l i t r e o f t h e o r i g i n a l thawed snow water and
t h e e f f l u e n t s o l u t i o n from t h e column ( f i l t r a t ε ) were e v a p o r a t e d t o d r y n
巴s s and t h e
r a d i o a c t i v i t y o f e a c h was measured r e s p ε c t i v e l y . B e s i d
色st h e s e s
cpm
200 150園F
50 100
二二コ一山
10 1 2 3 1 1 1
4 5 6 7 1 1 1 1
8 9 0 1 2 3 1 1 2 2 2 2
‑ 4
戸山坑
Um
Mm
o
︒ ︑ ︐ ︑
︒ 的
問︾巳同
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to oN
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i ‑ ‑
0 1
21ιwvm
(l
ayer No)
F i g . 2 . Column b e d s a n d t h e r a d i o a c t i v i t y f o u n d i n e a c h s l i c e o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t
。十 ,
mb l a c k d u s t fragment f l o a t i n g on t h
乱wedsnow water ( d u s t F) was sampled and measured i n s i m i l a r way. These r e s u l t s a r e shown a l s o i n F i g . 3 . I t i s noteworthy t h a t t h e r e l a t i v e peak h e i g h t s due t o Z ト9. 5and C ← 1 4 1 t o t h a t o f Ru ‑ 1 0 3 a r e much h i g h e r i n t h e d u s t sample ( F ) having t h e n e t gamma a c t i v i t y o f 8 5 cpm a s compared with a l l o t h e r s a m p l e s e x a m i n e d .
From t h e gamma r a d i o a c t i v i t y d i s t r i b u t i o n shown i n F i g . 2 , i t i s c l e a r l y f o u n d t h a t t h e u p p e r l a y ε r s o f e a c h f o u r d i f f e r
己n tb e d f r a c t i o n have r e l a t i v e 1 y high c o n c e n ‑ t r a t i o n s o f r a d i o n u c l i d e s compared t o t h e l o w e r l a y e r s o f t h e same f r a c t i o
l1.I n t h e a n a l y s i s o f t h e s e r e s u l t s , t h e f o l l o w i n g o b s e r v a t i o n s h o u l d be r e m a r k e d . A f t e r t h e experiment , t h e l o w ε s t f r a c t i o n o f t h e column bed , Dowex 1 , had b
巴enc o v e r e d w i t h gray f i n e powders from i t s u p p e r t o m i d d l e l a y e r . Such c o n d i t i o n might b e c a u s e d by t h e m i g r a t i o n o f f i n e s a n d s o f t h e upp
巴r f r a c t i o n o f t h e column bed t o t h e a n i o n e x c h a n g e r f r a c t i o n t h r o u g h t h e c o a r s e c a t i o n e x c h a n g e r p
司r t i c l e s . So , t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n o f f i n e s a n d s t o t h e u p p e r l a y e r o f t h e a n i o n
巴x c h a n g e rf r a c t i o n must be c o n s i d e r e d .
R a d i o n u c l i d e s o b s e r v e d i n t h e gamma r a y s p e c t r u m s o f a l l sampl
日sa r e mainly t h e
f o l l o w i n g nu c 1 i d e s : Z r ‑ 9 5 (gamma e n e r g y , 0 . 7 2 6 and 0
圃7 6 0 MeV) and Nb‑ 9 . 5 ( 0 . 7 6 8
7 2 M a s a n o b u SAKANOUE , Masumi OSA
WA , T e t s u o HASHIMOTO , a n d K a z u h i s a KOMURA ,
X 103
c o u n t s
2.5に 吋 て HむがJ
l j i l l
! i 1 1
2.0ト
! I
1.5r
門
t
一 一 一 ' ‑ ‑ ' ‑ ‑ ‑
0.1 0.5 1.0
?Vh~\
F i g . 3 . Gamma r a y s p
邑c t r ao f e a c h s l i c e (1) N o . 1 s l i c e ( 4 ' 1 勺 ( 1 9 ) N o . l ヲ s l i c e( 2 ' 2 8 " ) ( 6) N o . 6 s l i c e ( 8 ' 5 勺 ( 2 3 ) N o . 2 3 s l i c e ( 2 0 ' )
(E)
( 1 3 ) N o . 1 3 s l i c e ( 7 ' 3 0 勺 (F) t h e d u s t s a m p l e ( 3 ' 4 0
つ( S ) t h e s n o w w a t e r ( 2 0 ' ) (E) t h e f i l t r a t e ( 4 0 ' ) ) m e a s u r i n g t i m e
MeV) , Rl
ト1 0 3( 0 . 4 9 8 MeV) and 仁 e ‑ 1 4 1( 0 . 1 4 5 MeV). The r e l a t i v e a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e s e
n u c l i d e s i n
問chsample a r e e s t i m a t e d by comparing t h e peak h e i g h t s o f t h r e e p e a k s
c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o Z
ト9 5(Nb‑95) , Ru
同1 0 3 and C
か1 4 1 a c t i v i t i e s i n gamma s p e c t r u m s .
Having many d i f f e r e n t chemical forms i n s o l u t i o n , Ru‑l03 was r e t a i n 吋 i na l l samples
a t d i f f e r e n t d e g r e e s and o b s e r v e d even i n t h e f i l t r a t ε s a m p l
告.Th
色p r e s
巴n c e o f Rl
ト1 0 3
i n t h e low r a d i o a c t i v e f i l t r a t e may b e d e r i v e d from t h e d e f i c i e n c y o f whole exchange
c a p a c i t y o f Dowex 1 x 8 r e s i n u s e d o r t h e n o r
トi o n i c s t a t e o f t h i s n u c l i d e . A c t i v i t i e s
due t o Z r ‑ 9 5 (N ト 9 5 )was n o t f o u n d i n t h e f i t r a t e , b u t
巴n r i c h e d i n t h e f i n e s a n d s
f r a c t i o n i n c l u d i n g t h e contaminated p o r t i o n t o a n i o n exchange r . E s p e c i a l l y , Z
ト9 5(Nb
姻9 5 ) was much e n r i c h e d i n t h e d u s t sample ( F ) . I t i s n o t i c e
在b l e t h a t t h e a c t i v i t y o f
。
C
巴回1 4 1i s r e t a i n e d o b v i o u s l y i n t h e u p p e r p a r t o f t h e c o a r s e s a n d s f r a c t i o n and a l s o i n t h e d u s t s a r n p l e ( F ) .
From t h e r e s u l t s m e n t i o n e c l above , t h e f r a c t i o n a t i o n o f
丘d i o n u c 1 i d e s i n c l i f f e r e n t r n a t e r i a l s i s f a i r l y w e l i r
巴c o g n i z e d . T h e r e f o r
日,i f c o n s i d e r a b 1 e r n a s s e s o f snows have thawed and r e s u l t i n g w a t e r s p a s s i n t o ground , t h e f r a c t i o n a t i o n o f t h e r a d i o n u c 1 i d e s wi l I o c c u r and s o r n e n u c l i d e s wiU b e c a p t u r e d by s o i l c o r n p o n e n t s . As o n e e x a r n p l e o f t h i s c a s e , i t i s i n t e r e s t i n g t o o b s e r v e t h e m i g r a t i o l 1 p r o c e s s o f r a d i o n u c l i d e from S 1 1 0 W S t o ground a t t h e p 1 a y g r o u n d wher
巴r e m a r k a b l eamounts o f S 1 1 0 W S were dumped. When t h e thawing o f dumped snow had come , two s o i l s a m p l e s o f ground were c o l l e c t e d from t h e d i f f e r e n t s i t e s o f t h i s a r e a on May 1 . These two s a m p 1 e s were c u t I n t o e v e r y o n e cm f r a c t i o n from t h e s u r f a c e t o t h
己d e e p e r p a r t . By t h e r a d i o a c t i v i t y m
巴asurement o f e a c h f r a c t i o n , i t was f o u n d t h a t t h e s u r f a c e f r a c t i o n was more r a d i o a c t i v e t h a n t h e o t h e r f r a c t i o n , and Z r ‑ 9 5 (Nb
町9 5 ) and C e ‑ 1 4 1 were c l e a r l y e n r i c h e d compared t o R u ‑ l 0 3 . Thus , t h e more e f f e c t i v e f r a c t i o n a t i o n had o c c u r r e c l i n t h e s o i 1 s a m p l e s t h a n i n thεsnow s a m p l e s .
The e n v i r o n m e n t a l r a d i a t i o n d o s e s h o w e c l somewhat high v a l u e s a r o u n c l t h e p l a y ‑ g r o u n c l even i n J u 1 y , 1 9 6 3 . The t h r e e o r f o u r h o l d s h i g h e r r a c l i o a c t i v i t i e s t h a n t h a t o f b a c k g r o u n c l wer
巴m e a s u r e c l by s u r v e y metεr a t t h e p l a c e s where a p p r e c i a b 1 e d u s t s a c c u m u l a t e c l a f t e r t h e thawing o f c l u m p e c l s n o w s .
2 . Radionuclides i n the faHout from the f i r s t Chinese n u c l e m . ' t e s t explo
呂i o n R e s u l t i n g from t h e f i r s t C h i n e s e n u c l e a r e x p l o s i o n c a r r i e c l o u t on October 1 6 , 1 9 6 4 , t h e h i g h l y r a c l i o a c t i v e f a l l o u t f e l l on Kanazawa c i t y two c l
旦y sa f t e r t h i s exp 1 c ト s i o n . 1 n o r d e r t o examine t h e r a d i o n u c l i d e s i n t h i s f a l l o u t , t h e sample was c o l l ε c t e d on t h e r o o f o f t h e b u i l c l i n g b e l o n g i n g t o t h e F a c u l t y o f S c i e n c e by sweeping t h a t f l o o r
乱
ta b o u t 1 0 o ' c l o c k a . 1 1 1 . 0 1 1 O c t o b e r 2 0 . The r a c l i o a c t i v i t y measurement o f t h i s sample by w e l l t y p e s c I n t i l l a t i o n c o u n t e r s h o w e c l a b o u t 7 5 x 1 0 3 cpm a s f o r 5g o f t h i s sample on t h a t d a y . The gamma r a y s p e c t r a o f t h i s s a m p l e w
巴r e r e c o r c l e c l by 1 0 0 c h a n n e 1 PHA a t v a r i o u s 1 i 1 1
己a r a m p l i f i e r c o n c l i t i o n . 1 1 1 e a c h c a s e , thεchannel
凶e n e r g y c a l i b r a t i o n c u r v e was m a c l e by u s i n g s e v e r a l r a c l i o n u c l i c l e s ( C e ‑ 1 4 4 , Pa
皿2 3 3 , C s ‑ 1 3 7 , Z I 1 ‑ 6 5
乱ndCo
圃6 0 )a s t h e s t a n d a r c l g
乱mma e l 1 e r g y s o u r c e s . The s p e c t r a o f t h e f a l l o u t sample a t v a r i o u s gamma e n e r g y r e g i o n a r e s h o w e c l i n F i g . 4 (a) , (b) , (c) , (d).
The same sample h a c l t h e gamma a c t i v i t y o f 3 8 x 1 0 3 cpm 0 1 1 O c t o b e r 2 3 and i t s spectrum i s shown i n F i g . 4 (a) a s t h
巴d o t t e dl i n e f 0
1"c o m p a r i s o n with t h e s p e c t r u m on O c t o b e r 2 0 . From t h e s e s p e c t r a , t h e e x i s t e n c e s o f t h e f o l l o w i n g r a c l i o n u c l i c l e s a r e c o n f i r m e d : Np
帽2 3 9 ( 2 . 3 5 c l . ) , Ba‑140 a n c l La‑140 p a i r ( 1 2 . 8 d . a n c l 4 0 . 2 h . r e s p e c ‑ t i v e l y ) , and 1 ‑ 1 3 2 ( 2 . 2 6 h . , t h e c l a u g h t e r o f Te‑132 having h a l f l i f e o f 7 7 . 7 h . ) . Th
巴e x i s t e n c e o f C ← 1 4 1 ( 3 3 . 1 c l . ) having t h e gamma e n e r g y o f 0 . 1 4 MeV i s a l s o r e v e a 1 e d by comparing t h e d o t t e d l i n e spεctrum with t h e former 0
日e .
I n F i g . 5 , a n o t h e r gamma r a y spectrum o f t h e r a i n ‑ o u t s a m p l e s a r e shown. These
M a s a n o b u S A K A N O t J E , Masumi OSA W A , l ' e t s u o HASHIMOTO , a n d K a z u h i s a KOMURA ,
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s a m p l e s were c o l l e c t e d on t h
巴r o o fo f t h e I s h i k a w a h y g i e n i c l a b o r a t o r y i n t h e d i f f ε r e n t p e r i o d o f O c t o b e r , 1 9 6 4 . The sample (註) i s t h e t o t a l r a i n
咽o u tfrom 1 s t t o 1 6 t h o f t h i s month and t h e sample (b) from 1 7 t h t o 2 9 t h . Both s a m p l e s were made
o n e 1 i t r e o f t h e o r i g i n a l sample , r
巴s p e c t i v e l yand s u b j e c t e d t o t h e gamma r a y me
走路『u r e m e n t . The g r o s s gamma a c t i v i t i e s were 7 5 0 cpm (B.G. 5 3 0 cpm) f o r t h e sample
( a) and 2 6 x 1 0 3 cpm f o r t h e sample (b). From t h
巴s e d a t a and t h e gamma r a y
s p e c t r
昌o ft h e s e s a m p l e s , i t i s o b v i o u s t h a t t h e f i r s t C h i n e s e n u c l e a r t e s t e x p l o s i o n
h a s a g r e a t e f f e c t on t h e r a d i o a c t i v i t y o f t h e r a i n
司o u ts a m p l e s . As t h e s e s p e c t r a were
r e c o r d
色don O c t o b e r 3 0 , t h e p e a k s due t o Np‑239 which had b e e n s e e n overwhelmingly
i n t h e s p e c t r a o f October 2 0 , d i m i n i s h e d t o i t s f a i r l y s h o r t h a l f l i f e and t h e
pe
呂. k sdue t o C e ‑ 1 4 1 , La
凶1 4 0 and Z r ‑ 9 5 (Nb‑95) wεre i d e n t i f i e d i n t h i s s p ε c t r u m .
B
色s i d e st h e gamma r a y s p e c t r o m e t r i c s t u d y , t h e r a d i o c h e m i c a l a n a l y s i s was c a r r i e d
o u t a s f o r t h
巴abovementioned sample by t h e f o l l o w i n g p r o c e d u r e i n o r d e r t o examine
mainly t h
邑e x i s t e n c e and abundance o f v a r i o u s uranium i s o t o p e s . The sample was
e v a p o r a t i n g
F i g
咽5 .Gamrna r a y s p e c t r a o f t h e r a i n ‑ o u t s a m p l e s
( a ) t h e s a m p l e f r o m 1 s t t o 1 6 t h , O c t o b e r , 1 9 6 4
( b ) t h e s a m p l e f r o r n 1 7 t h t o 2 9 t h , O c t o ‑ b e r , 1 9 6 4 ; 21 2 c o u n t s f u l l s c
昌l er e ‑ c o r c l i n g
( b ' ) t h e s a m e s a m p l
巴2 1 0 c o u n t s f u l l s c a l e r e c o r c l i n g
( c ) t h e b a c k g r o u n c l r a d i o a c t i v i t y ( A l l s p e c t r a w e r e r e c o r c l e c l a f t e r
t h e r a c l i o a c t i v i t y r n e a s u r e m e n t s f o r 2 0 r n i n u t e s . )
decompos
巴d by aqua r e g i a and e v ap o ‑ r a t e d up t o nea r 1 y d r y n e s s . Then , t h i s r e s i d u e was t a k e n up by c o n c e n t r a t e d n i t r i c a c i d and t h e s o l u t i o n was s e p a ‑ r a t e d from t h e r e s i d u e by f i l t r a t i o l 1 .
The chemical s e p a r a t i o n p r o c e d u r e with e t h y l a c e t a t e s o l v e n t e x t r a c t i o n and a n i o n exchange was a p p l i e d t o t h i s s o l u t i o n and t h e main scheme o f t h i s p r o c e d u r e i s shown i n F i g . 6 . Th
巴f i n a ls o l u t i o n l e a c h e d from Dowex 1 a n i o n
巴xchanger by 0 . 1 N HCl was c o n v e r t ε d t o t h e e l e c t r o l y t i c s o l u t i o n which c o n t a i n e d 0 . 2 5 M f o r m i c a c i d and had t h e d e f i n i t e pH v a l u e s u i t a b l e f o r e f f e c t i ve e l e c t r o d e p o s i t i o n o f uranium.
The e l e c t r o d e p o s i t i o n was c a r r i e d o u t on t h e s t a i n l e s s s t e e l p l a t e ( 3 . 5 cm diam
己t
巴1 ・ ) a s cathode f o r two h o u r s by e l e c t r i c c u r r e n t o f 4 0 0 mA. The c o u n t i n g s o u r c e o b t a i n e d by
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生OH P r
日c i p i t a t e( c e n t r i f u g . ) S u p e r n a t a n t
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巴O r g . ( s o l v e n t e x t r . ) A q . i 一一一 I 7 : 9 3
!!立2 ?
O r g . ( w a s h i n g ) A q .
i ‑ ‑ ‑ L 旦 2 0
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I e v a p o r a t e t o d r y n e s s
↓ 8N HCl
。 o w e x1 x 8 c o l u m n
一一一一‑r市立賢市[e le l u t i o n E l e c t r o d e p o s i t i o n
The c h e m i c a l s e p a r a t i o n s c h e m e
F i g . 6 .
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t h i s p r o c e d u r e was s u b j e c t e d t o t h e b e t a and a l p h a r a d i o a c t i v i t y m
四s u r e m e n t s . b e t a a c t i v i t y was 1 1 5 . 4 cpm a t t h e time immediately a f t e r t h e above mentionedpr
配e ‑ d u r e and d e c a y e d e x p o n e n t i a l l y by t h e h a l f l i f e n e a r l y e q u a l t o t h a t o f U
聞2 3 7a s shown
i n F i g . 7 . 50 , t h e e x i s t e n c e o f U‑237 ( 6 . 7 d . ) i s u n q u e s t i o r
トa b l e and i t s h o u l d b e remarked t h a t t h e n u c l e a r r e a c t i o n , U
開2 3 8 ( n , 2 n ) U
岨2 3 7 , by f a s t n e u t r o n had o c c u r e d i n t h
巴f i r s t C h i n e s e t e s t e x p l o s i o n t o g e t h e r with t h e r e a c t i o n , U
醐2 3 8 ( n , r ) U‑239 → Np‑239 , by t h e r m a l n
巴u t r o n .
To s t u d y t h
巴a l p h aemit
幽i n t h e e l e c t r o d e p o s i t e d s o u r c e , t h e a l p h a p u l s e s p e c
回乱 i f e v . ‑ ‑ ‑ 1 . . . 一 一 一 一 一 ‑ ' ‑ ‑ 一 一 一 」 一 一 一 一 一 一
i4.6 4.8
A l p h a r a y s p e c t r u m F i g . 8 .
1 4.2
4 . 0
t r o m e t r y was c a r r i e d o u t by t h e c o m b i n a t i o n o f F r i s h g r i d i o n i z a t i o n chamber (Osaka Denpa C o r p . ) wi t h t h e r i s e t i m e c o n v e r t e r and 1 0 0 c h a n n e l PHA. From t h e a l p h a s p e c t r u m shown i n F i g . 8 . , i t i s f o u n d t h a t t h e r a t i o o f U‑234 t o U‑238 i s n e a r l y u n i t y i n a c t i v i t y u n i t r a t i o and t h e r e f o r e t h e n a t u r a l uranium had b e e n c o n t a i n e d i n f a i r l y l a r g e amount i n t h e f i r s t C h i n e s e nu c 1 e a r bomb. This f a c t was p r o o f e d a l s o by t h e e x i s t e n c e o f c o n s p i c u o u s gamma e n e r g y p e a k s d u e t o Np~239 i n t h e e a r l y gamma r a y s p e c t r u m o f t h e same s a m p l e . The s m a l l p
巴aki n t h e a b o u t 5 . 1 Mev r e g i o n o f t h e a l p h a s p
巴ctrumi s c o n s i d e r e d t o b e a t t r i b u t a b l e t o Pu‑239 , b u t i t c o u l d n o t b e c o n ‑ f i r m e d wheth
巴rt h i s nu c 1 i d
巴p r o d u c e da s t h e d e c a y p r o d u c t o f Np‑239 f o u n d i n t h e f a l l o u t o r t h e o r i g i n a l nu c 1 e a r bomb had c o n t a i n e d PU ・ 2 3 9 i n some q u a n t i t y b e f o r e t h a t e x p l o s i o n .
Radionuclides i n the f a l l o u t from the underground n u c l e a r t e s t e x p l o s i o n i n U.S.S. R . .
3 .
The r a i n
蝿o u ts a m p l e c o l l e c t e d a t Kanazawa i n t h e m i d d l e o f J a n u a r y , 1 9 6 5 , showed t h e r a d i o a c t i v i t y due t o t h e f i s s i o n p r o d u c t s p r o b a b l y o r i g i n a t e d from t h e u n d e r g r o u n d nu c 1 e a r t e s t e x p l o s i o n which was r e p o r t e d t o b e c a r r i e d o u t i n U . S . S . R . some d a y s a g o . The gamma s p e c t r u m o f t h i s s a m p l e r e c o r d e d on J a n u a r y 2 2 , showed o b v i o u s l y t h e e x i s t e n c e s o f Te‑132 ( 1 ‑ 1 3 2 ) and B a ‑ 1 4 0 (La ・ 1 4 0 )a s shown i n F i g . 9 ' Furth
巴r m o r e , i t was c o n f i r m e d from t h e s p e c t r u m r e c o r d e d on F e b r u a r y 2 3 t h a t t h i s same s a m p l e had c o n t a i n e d s u c h r a d i o n u c 1 i d e s a s C e ‑ 1 4 1 , Ru‑103 and Z r ‑ 9 5 (Nb
圃9 5 ) a s shown i n
円
Z
湾R S
肉︑
H o z a
︿
a
z u h N E
h c z z u J
﹃
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ハV S O 叩 て
ωh君"
︿
E
E Z
S O
L F 星
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︒ 冨
E
EE ロ
υ 司 令 lB1.5
Mev
F i g . 1 0 . Gamma r a y s p e c t r u m o f t h e f a l l o u t s a m p l e r e c o r d e d o n F e b . 2 3 , 1 9 6 5 .
_..~-~~,
1.
0 0.5
0.5 Mev
F i g . 9 . Gamma r a y s p e c t r u m o f t h e f a l l o u t s a m p l e r e c o r d e d o n J a n . 2 2 , 1 9 6 5 .
0.3 0.4
0 . 2
0 . 1
7 8 M a s a n o b u SAKANOUE , Masumi SAWA , T e t s u o HASH I : MOTO , a n d K a z u h i s a KOMURA , F i g . 1 0 . As c o n t r a s t with t h e f i r s t C h i n e s e n u c l e a r t e s t e x p l o s i o n , i t was n o t i c
泡a b l e t h a t t h e gamma a c t i v i t y peak o f Np ・ 2 3 9had n o t come o u t c l e a r i n t h e spectrum o f t h e e n e r g y r e g i o n up t o 5 0 0 keV which was r e c o r d e d few d a y s a f t e r t h e n u c l e a r e x p l o s i o n and shown i n F i g . 9 .
4 . The r a d i o a c t i v e f a l l o u t from the second Chinese nuclear t e s t explosion
X10' c o u n t s
1 0 .
。1.0 1.5