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㒔ᕷᅪ࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥₯ᅾຊࡢホ౯㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲
A Study on the Evaluation of Urban decline and Potential in the Tokyo metropolitan area
䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢 䢢
᪩✄⏣ᏛᏛ㝔♫⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉
ᨻ⟇⛉Ꮫㄽᑓᨷ㒔ᕷᒃఫ⎔ቃㄽ◊✲
ᮔ ᡂ㈼
PARK, Sung Hyun
2013 ᖺ 9 ᭶
1
┠
┠ ḟ
ᗎ❶ ◊✲どᗙࡢᩚ⌮ ... 11
ᗎ㸫1㸬◊✲ࡢ⫼ᬒ┠ⓗ ... 2
ᗎ㸫1㸫1㸬◊✲ࡢ⫼ᬒ ... 2
ᗎ㸫1㸫2㸬◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ ... 3
ᗎ㸫2㸬⏝ㄒࡢᐃ⩏ ... 4
ᗎ㸫2㸫1㸬㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ ... 4
ᗎ㸫2㸫2㸬㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊ ... 4
ᗎ㸫2㸫3㸬ᣦᶆᣦᩘ ... 4
ᗎ㸫3㸬◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟᪉ἲࠊᵓᡂ ... 8
ᗎ㸫3㸫1㸬◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟᪉ἲ ... 8
ᗎ㸫3㸫2㸬◊✲ࡢᵓᡂ ... 9
ᗎ㸫4㸬᪤ ◊✲ࡢ⥲ᣓᮏ◊✲ࡢ⨨࡙ࡅ ... 11
ᗎ㸫4㸫1㸬᪤ ◊✲ࡢ⥲ᣓ ... 11
ᗎ㸫4㸫2㸬ᮏ◊✲ࡢ⨨࡙ࡅ ... 24
⿵ὀ ... 29
➨1❶ ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇ࡢṔྐⓗ࡞⫼ᬒࡢ⪃ᐹ ... 311
1㸫1㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ... 32
1㸫2㸬ᅜᅵ㺃㒔ᕷᨻ⟇ࡢṔྐⓗᒎ㛤㐣⛬ ... 33
1㸫2㸫1㸬ᆒ⾮࠶ࡿⓎᒎཎ๎ࡢ฿᮶ ... 33
1㸫2㸫2㸬㒔ᕷ㛤Ⓨᑐࡍࡿつไ⦆ࡢὶࢀ ... 35
1㸫2㸫3㸬2000ᖺ௦௨ᚋࡢᕷሙᨵ㠉 ... 36
1㸫3㸬2000ᖺ௦௨ᚋࡢ㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇ ... 37
1㸫3㸫1㸬㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇ࡢⓏሙ ... 37
11
1㸫3㸫2㸬㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇ࡢ┠ⓗ ... 38
1㸫3㸫3㸬㒔ᕷ⏕ᮏ㒊 ... 39
1㸫3㸫4㸬㒔ᕷ⏕⥭ᛴᩚഛᆅᇦࡢᣦᐃ ... 40
1㸫4㸬㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇ࡣᆅᇦ᱁ᕪࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟ ... 42
⿵ὀ ... 43
➨ ➨2❶ 㒔ᕷ⾶㏥㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽⓗ࡞⫼ᬒ ... 45
2㸫1㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ... 46
2㸫2㸬㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢᴫᛕ ... 46
2㸫2㸫1㸬ࣥࢼ࣮ࢩࢸ⾶㏥ ... 46
2㸫2㸫2㸬㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢከḟඖᛶ ... 48
2㸫2㸫3㸬㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢ┦ᑐᛶ ... 49
2㸫2㸫4㸬ᮏ◊✲࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢᐃ⩏ ... 51
2㸫3㸬㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢ࡞ືᅉ ... 51
2㸫3㸫1㸬⤒῭ᵓ㐀ࡢኚ ... 52
2㸫3㸫2㸬ᆅᇦ⤒῭ࡢ✵Ὕ ... 52
2㸫3㸫3㸬୰ኸࡽᆅ᪉ࡢᡤᚓศ㓄ᨻ⟇ ... 53
2㸫3㸫4㸬ᆅᇦࡢኳ↛㈨※ࡢᯤῬ ... 53
2㸫3㸫5㸬㑹እබඹᨻ⟇ ... 53
2㸫3㸫6㸬㒔ᕷ⎔ቃỈ‽ࡢ┦ᑐⓗ⪁ᮙ㏻⥙ࡢኚ ... 54
2㸫4㸬㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢ⌧㇟ ... 55
2㸫4㸫1㸬୰ᚰᕷ⾤ᆅࡢ✵Ὕ ... 55
2㸫4㸫2㸬㒔ᕷయࡢ⾶㏥ ... 57
2㸫5㸬ࡲࡵ ... 59
⿵ὀ ... 61
➨3❶ ࢠࣜࢫ࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇ࡢ⥲ྜⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ ... 63
111
3㸫1㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ... 64
3㸫2㸬㒔ᕷ⏕ࡢ⤒⦋ ... 64
3㸫2㸫1㸬㒔ᕷീࡢࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺ ... 64
3㸫2㸫2㸬1970ᖺ௦ࡢࣥࢼ࣮ࢩࢸ(inner city)ᨻ⟇ ... 65
3㸫2㸫3㸬1980ᖺ௦ࡢ㒔ᕷ㛤Ⓨබ♫(Urban Development Corporation)᪉ᘧ ... 65
3㸫2㸫4㸬1990ᖺ௦ࡢEnglish PartnershipCity Challenge ... 65
3㸫2㸫5㸬2000ᖺ௨ᚋUrban Regeneration Companyࡢタ⨨ ... 66
3㸫3㸬㒔ᕷ⏕㛵ࡍࡿண⟬ཧຍయ ... 68
3㸫3㸫1㸬ண⟬ไᗘࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡳࡓ㒔ᕷ⏕ᴗ ... 68
3㸫3㸫2㸬㒔ᕷ⏕ᴗࡢࡓࡵࡢཧຍయ ... 69
3㸫4㸬㒔ᕷ⏕ᴗᑐ㇟ᆅᇦࡢ≉ᐃ ... 71
3㸫4㸫1㸬㒔ᕷ⏕ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦࡢ㑅ᐃཎ๎ࡢኚ ... 71
3㸫4㸫2㸬」ྜⓗࢹࣉࣜ࣋ࢩࣙࣥᣦᩘ... 72
3㸫5㸬᥎㐍᪉ᘧᴗホ౯ ... 75
3㸫5㸫1㸬ᆅᇦ༠⣙ࡢᐃ⩏ཬࡧ┠ⓗ ... 75
3㸫5㸫2㸬LAAࡢᚲ㡲㡯 ... 75
3㸫5㸫3㸬㒔ᕷ⏕ᴗࡢホ౯ ... 76
3㸫6㸬ࡲࡵ ... 77
⿵ὀ ... 79
➨ ➨4❶ 㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ၥ㢟ࡢデ᩿ࡢࡓࡵࡢࣔࢹࣝᵓ⠏ ... 81
4㸫1㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ... 81
4㸫2㸬㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ᣦᶆࡢ㑅ᐃࣉࣟࢭࢫ ... 82
4㸫2㸫1㸬ᣦᶆタᐃࡢ᪉ἲㄽⓗࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ ... 82
4㸫2㸫2㸬ᣦᶆタᐃࣉࣟࢭࢫ ... 84
4㸫2㸫3㸬ᮏ◊✲࠾࠸࡚⏝࠸ࡿ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ᣦᶆ ... 93
4㸫3㸬デ᩿ࣔࢹࣝࡢᵓ⠏ ... 94
1>
4㸫3㸫1㸬ᣦᶆࡢᶆ‽ ... 95
4㸫3㸫2㸬ᣦᶆࡢຍ㔜್ ... 95
4㸫3㸫3㸬」ྜ⾶㏥ᣦᩘ(Multiple Decline Index) ... 99
4㸫4㸬ࡲࡵ ... 99
⿵ὀ ... 101
➨ ➨5❶ ᮾிᅪ㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿ」ྜ⾶㏥ࣞ࣋ࣝ⾶㏥⾶㏥≉ᛶࡢᐇែ ... 103
5㸫1㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ... 104
5㸫2㸬㡿ᇦู⾶㏥ࡢ⌧ἣ ... 104
5㸫2㸫1㸬♫ⓗ㡿ᇦࡢ⾶㏥ၥ㢟 ... 104
5㸫2㸫2㸬⤒῭ⓗ㡿ᇦࡢ⾶㏥ၥ㢟 ... 109
5㸫2㸫3㸬≀ⓗ⎔ቃ㡿ᇦࡢ⾶㏥ၥ㢟 ... 114
5㸫3㸬」ྜ⾶㏥ᣦᩘࡢศᯒ ... 119
5㸫3㸫1㸬」ྜ⾶㏥ᣦᩘࡼࡿศᯒ⤖ᯝ ... 119
5㸫3㸫2㸬」ྜ⾶㏥ᣦᩘࡑࡢኚ⋡ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ㒔ᕷ㢮ᆺ ... 124
5㸫3㸫3㸬⾶㏥≉ᛶࡼࡿ⾶㏥㐍⾜ᆺ㒔ᕷࡢ㢮ᆺ ... 126
5㸫4㸬ࡲࡵ ... 128
⿵ὀ ... 130
➨6❶ 㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊ㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽⓗ⫼ᬒ ... 132
6㸫1㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ... 133
6㸫2㸬㒔ᕷ⏕㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽ᳨ウ ... 133
6㸫2㸫1㸬㒔ᕷ⏕ࡢᴫᛕ ... 133
6㸫2㸫2㸬㒔ᕷ⏕ࡢཎ๎ᚲせᛶ ... 135
6㸫2㸫3㸬㒔ᕷ⏕ᚲせ࡞ᵓᡂせ⣲... 136
6㸫2㸫4㸬㒔ᕷ⏕࠾࠸࡚ࡢබඹࡢධ ... 136
6㸫3㸬㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊ㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽ᳨ウ ... 138
>
6㸫3㸫1㸬₯ᅾຊ ... 138
6㸫3㸫2㸬㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊ㢮ఝᴫᛕ... 138
6㸫3㸫3㸬ᮏ◊✲࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊࡢᐃ⩏ ... 142
6㸫4㸬ࡲࡵ ... 143
⿵ὀ ... 144
➨ ➨7❶ 㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ホ౯ࡢࡓࡵࡢศᯒࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ ... 145
7㸫1㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ... 146
7㸫2㸬㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࡢタᐃホ౯ᣦᶆࡢ㑅ᐃࣉࣟࢭࢫ ... 146
7㸫2㸫1㸬ᆅᇦⓎᒎ㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊ... 146
7㸫2㸫2㸬㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊࡢᵓᡂせ⣲... 148
7㸫2㸫3㸬㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊࡢホ౯ᣦᶆࡢ㑅ᐃࣉࣟࢭࢫ ... 150
7㸫3㸬㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊࡢホ౯ᣦᶆࡢᵓᡂព... 153
7㸫3㸫1㸬ேⓗ₯ᅾຊ ... 153
7㸫3㸫2㸬♫㺃ᩥ₯ᅾຊ ... 155
7㸫3㸫3㸬㠉᪂ᇶ┙₯ᅾຊ ... 157
7㸫3㸫4㸬≀ⓗ₯ᅾຊ ... 159
7㸫4㸬㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊࡢホ౯ࣔࢹࣝࡢᵓ⠏ ... 161
7㸫4㸫1㸬ᣦᶆࡢᶆ‽ ... 161
7㸫4㸫2㸬ᣦᶆࡢຍ㔜್ ... 161
7㸫4㸫3㸬㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊᣦᩘ(PURI) ... 164
7㸫5㸬ࡲࡵ ... 165
⿵ὀ ... 167
➨8❶ ᮾிᅪ㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊࡢホ౯ࡑࡢ≉ᛶ ... 168
8㸫1㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ... 169
8㸫2㸬㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊࡢ≉ᛶཬࡧᵓᡂせ⣲ูࡢ₯ᅾຊᣦᩘࡢ⌧ἣ ... 169
>1
8㸫2㸫1㸬㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊࡢグ㏙ⓗ⤫ィ ... 169
8㸫2㸫2㸬ᵓᡂせ⣲ูࡢ⌧ἣ ... 171
8㸫3㸬㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊࡢศᕸ≉ᛶ ... 176
8㸫3㸫1㸬ᗈᇦ⮬యࡢẚ㍑ ... 176
8㸫3㸫2㸬㒔ᕷ㛫ࡢẚ㍑ ... 176
8㸫4㸬㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊࡢ≉ᛶࡼࡿ㢮ᆺ ... 178
8㸫4㸫1㸬ᅉᏊศᯒ ... 178
8㸫4㸫2㸬ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ศᯒ ... 179
8㸫5㸬ࡲࡵ ... 182
⿵ὀ ... 183
➨ ➨9❶ 」ྜ⾶㏥ᣦᩘ㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊᣦᩘࡢศᯒࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ぢࡓィ⏬ⓗ㒔ᕷ⏕ࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ . 184 9㸫1㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ... 185
9㸫2㸬」ྜ⾶㏥ᣦᩘ㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊᣦᩘࡢ㛵ಀ ... 185
9㸫2㸫1㸬」ྜ⾶㏥ᣦᩘ(MDI) ... 185
9㸫2㸫2㸬㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊ( PURI) ... 186
9㸫2㸫3㸬ࡘࡢᣦᩘࡢ㛵ಀタᐃ ... 187
9㸫3㸬ᮾிᅪ㒔ᕷ㒊ࡢศᯒ ... 188
9㸫3㸫1㸬MDIPURIࡢ㛵ಀタᐃࡽぢࡓ㒔ᕷ㢮ᆺ ... 188
9㸫3㸫2㸬⾶㏥㐍⾜ᆺ㒔ᕷࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓPURIศᯒ ... 190
9㸫4㸬ᨻ⟇ᨭᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ⾶㏥≉ᛶẚ㍑ඃࡢ₯ᅾຊ≉ᛶ ... 192
9㸫4㸫1㸬⾶㏥㢮ᆺϨ ... 192
9㸫4㸫2㸬⾶㏥㢮ᆺϩ ... 193
9㸫4㸫3㸬⾶㏥㢮ᆺϭ ... 194
9㸫4㸫4㸬⾶㏥㢮ᆺϬ ... 194
9㸫4㸫5㸬⾶㏥㢮ᆺϭ ... 195
9㸫5㸬ࡲࡵ ... 196
>11
⤊⤊❶ ... 197
⤊㸫1㸬ྛ❶ࡢせ⣙ ... 198
⤊㸫2㸬ᚋࡢㄢ㢟 ... 206
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ ... 207
Appendix ... 218
ᅗ⾲ࣜࢫࢺ ... 234
ㅰ㎡ ... 240
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ᗎ㸯㸯㸬◊✲ࡢ⫼ᬒ
ୡ⏺ேཱྀࡢ༙ศࡀ㒔ᕷఫࡴ௦ࡀ฿᮶ࡋࡓࠋ㒔ᕷࡣ⤒῭ᡂ㛗ࡢᚲ㡲せ⣲࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪂⯆ᅜࡢ 㒔ᕷேཱྀቑຍࡼࡗ࡚ ᖺࡣୡ⏺ேཱྀࡢ ࡀ㒔ᕷᒃఫࡍࡿࡇࡀぢ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ
ࡋࠊ㒔ᕷࡣ↓㝈ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚ᣑᙇࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ㒔ᕷࡀ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢỈ‽฿㐔ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞
ࡿࠊྛ✀ࡢ㒔ᕷၥ㢟ࡼࡗ࡚⾶㏥ࡢࡋࡀ⌧ࢃࢀጞࡵࠊ㒔ᕷࢆ⟶⌮ࡍࡁᮇࡀ฿᮶ࡍࡿࠋ㒔 ᕷࡀ⏕άࡢᇶ┙ࡋ࡚ࡢ㨩ຊࢆᣢ⥆ⓗ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣ⾶㏥ࡋࡓ㒔ᕷࢆ࠸ࡍ㺀㒔ᕷ⏕㺁ࡀ ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᖺ௦ᚋ༙ฟ⌧ࡋࡓ㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇ࡣࠊ᪥ࠊከࡃࡢᅜ࡛㔜せ࡞ᨻ⟇⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࠊゝࢃ
ࡤࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝ㺃ࣥࢱࣞࢫࢺnational interestࡋ࡚ᙉຊ᥎㐍ࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ᪩⏣ࠊࠋ᪥ᮏ
࡛㒔ᕷ⏕ࡀᅜᐙⓗㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚ᮏ᱁ⓗ᥎㐍ࡉࢀጞࡵࡓࡢࡣࠊ ᖺࡢᑠἨᨻᶒ
ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑠἨᨻᶒࡣ㺀⪷ᇦ࡞ࡁᵓ㐀ᨵ㠉㺁࠸࠺ࣔࢵࢺ࣮ࡢୗከ᪉㠃࡛ᨵ㠉ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆྲྀ
ࡾධࢀࡓࠋ≉ࠊ㒔ᕷᨻ⟇ศ㔝࠾ࡅࡿᵓ㐀ᨵ㠉ࡣ㛗࠸㛫⥔ᣢࡉࢀࡓ㺀ᆒ⾮࠶ࡿⓎᒎ㺁࠸࠺ཎ๎
⮬యࢆࡾ㉺࠼ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿヨࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᅜᐙⓗḟඖࡢ㺀ᆒ⾮࠶ࡿⓎᒎ㺁ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡓࡵ୰ኸ㞟ᶒ
ࡉࢀࡓィ⏬యไࡽ㉳ᅉࡍࡿ◳┤ᛶࠊࡑࡋ࡚₯ᅾ㟂せࡣ㛵ಀ࡞࠸ᆅ᪉ᅪබඹᢞ㈨ࡀ㐣ᢞ
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୰࡛⌧ࢃࢀࡓ㠀ᩀ⋡ᛶࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᨻ⤒῭ᵓ㐀ࡢၥ㢟ࡋ࡚㛗࠸㛫ᢈุࢆཷࡅ࡚᮶ ࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᢈุࢆᇶ┙ࡋࡓᑠἨᨻᶒࡣࠊ㒔ᕷᨻ⟇࠾࠸࡚㺀ᆒ⾮࠶ࡿⓎᒎ㺁ཎ๎ࢆ⬺ࡋ࡚ྛ
⮬య࡛ࡢ⮬Ⓨⓗ㒔ᕷᨻ⟇ࡋ࡚ࡢ㌿ࢆࡣࡗࡓࠋ
ࡋࡋࠊၥ㢟ࡣ ᖺ௦㧗ᗘᡂ㛗ᮇ᪤῝้࡞ᨻⓗၥ㢟ࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࡿࡀ࠶ࡿᆅᇦ᱁ᕪ ࡢၥ㢟ࡀࠊ ᖺ௦ධࡗ࡚ᨵࡵ࡚῝้┠❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᱁ᕪၥ㢟ࡣᑠἨ ᨻᶒࡽ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇ࡶཎᅉࡀ࠶ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋᕷሙぶⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀ᨵ㠉ࡢᡭẁ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕ㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇ࠖࡣẸ㛫ࡢ㒔ᕷ㛤Ⓨάືࢆ่⃭ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠕ㒔ᕷ⏕⥭ᛴᩚഛᆅᇦࠖ
ࢆᣦᐃࡋࠊࡇࡢᆅᇦᡂࡾ❧ࡘ㛤Ⓨ㝈ࡗ࡚ᖜᗈࡃつไ⦆㔠⼥⾜ᨻᨭࢆࡍࡿࡇࢆ㦵Ꮚ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢᨻ⟇ࡣࣂࣈࣝ⤒῭ᔂቯᚋື⏘ၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ⤒῭ᨻ⟇ⓗ࡞ᛶ ᱁ࡀᙉࡗࡓࠋࡇࡇேཱྀῶᑡཬࡧ㧗㱋ഛ࠼ࡓᡂ⇍♫ࡢ㌿ࡼࡾࡣࠊ㒔ᕷ➇தຊࡢ☜ಖ
ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᅜᐙ⤒῭ຊࡢᡂ㛗ࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿᨻ⟇⟇ᐃࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ㒔ᕷ୰ᚰࡢ㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇
࡞ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣ㛫ࡀ⤒ࡘࡘࢀ࡚ࡼࡾᙉࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢᚋ⌧ᅾ⮳ࡿ㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇࠾࠸
࡚ࡣࠊẸ㛫άຊࡼࡿᴗᆅࡢ㑅ᐃࠊࡑࡢᐇከࡃࡢ㒊ศࢆ౫Ꮡࡍࡿᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛㐠Ⴀࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ Ẹ㛫ࡢ⤒῭ᛶຠ⋡ᛶࡢㄽ⌮ࡼࡗ࡚ᴗࡀ᥎㐍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࢇࡢ㒔ᕷఫẸ
ࡗ࡚⏕άࡢ㉁ࡼࡾࡣᴗ᥇⟬ᛶࡀࠊᆅᇦఫẸࡼࡾࡣ⤒῭ᢞ㈨ᐙࡢࡓࡵࡢ㒔ᕷ㛤ⓎᴗࡀⰍ⃰ࡃ࡞
ࡾ㐍⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ㒔ᕷ⏕ࠖᴗࡀ᥎㐍ࡉࢀ࡚ ᖺࡀ⤒ࡗࡓ࠸ࡲࠊᨻᗓࡀᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢱ࢘
ࣥࢺࣜࢡࣝࢲ࢘ࣥtrickle-downຠᯝ㏻ࡾࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ⮳ࡽࡎࠊࡴࡋࢁᆅᇦ᱁ᕪࡢၥ㢟ࡀࡉࡽ῝ࡃ
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸ࢃࡤࠊ㒔ᕷᆅ᪉ᅪࡢ᱁ᕪࡸ㒔ᕷෆ㒊ࡢ᱁ᕪࡼࡿ㏣࠸ฟࡋgentrificationࠊ 㒔ᕷ✵㛫ࡢ⚾᭷࡞ࡢၥ㢟ࡀࡴࡋࢁ῝้࡞ㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚ᥦ㉳ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᆅᇦ᱁ᕪࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡘ࡚⤒῭ㄅ㺀Business work㺁ὀࡀ࣓ࣜ࢝㒔ᕷࡢ㞠⏝
ᡤᚓ᱁ᕪ㛵ࡍࡿ⤫ィ㹼 ᖺࢆ⤂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࢀࡼࡿࠊ㒔ᕷෆ᱁ᕪࡘࡲࡾ㒔ᕷ㒊
㑹እ㒊࡛ᡤᚓ᱁ᕪࡀࡁࡗࡓ㒔ᕷࠊ᪂つ㞠⏝ࡢቑຍࡀᑠࡉࡃࠊ㏫ᡤᚓ᱁ᕪࡀᑠࡉࡗ ࡓ㒔ᕷ᪂つ㞠⏝ࡀᣑࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᡤᚓ᱁ᕪ㞠⏝ࡢ㛫㏫ẚ㛵ಀࡀほᐹࡉࢀ
ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ㒔ᕷෆࡢ㈋ᐩࡢ᱁ᕪᣑࡀ㒔ᕷࡢᡂ㛗ࡗ࡚㊊ࡏ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓྍ⬟
ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠊ㺀Business work㺁ࡣᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋྠࡌࡇࡀᆅᇦ㛫᱁ᕪ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾᚓࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᡂ㛗㒔ᕷᑐ⾶㏥㒔ᕷࡢ᱁ᕪᣑࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡣ⤒῭ࡢᡂ㛗࠾࠸࡚㔜Ⲵ࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞Ⓨ
ᒎࢆ༴࠺ࡃࡋࡡ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡲࡵࡿࠊᮏ◊✲ࡣ ᖺ௨ᚋࡽᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓᕷሙぶⓗ࡞㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ 㒔ᕷ➇தຊࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵ㞟✚ࡢ㧗࠸ᆅᇦ㈨ᮏ㈨※ࢆṑṆࡵ࡞ࡃഴᩳ㓄ศࡍࡿ࠸࠺᪥
ᮏࡢ㒔ᕷᨻ⟇ࡢᵓ㐀ၥࢆᥦ㉳ࡍࡿ❧ሙࡽฟⓎࡍࡿࠋṑṆࡵࡢ࡞࠸ᕷሙぶⓗ࡞㒔ᕷ⏕ࡣ ᆅᇦ᱁ᕪࡢၥ㢟ࡀࡼࡾ῝้࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ࿘㎶㒔ᕷࡢ♫⤫ྜ㈝⏝ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ
࡚ᆅᇦࡢ⤫ྜ࠾ࡼࡧᅜᐙ➇தຊࡀ࠼ࡗ࡚పୗࡍࡿ⤖ᯝࢆᣍࡃࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊᆅᇦ♫ࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞Ⓨᒎ᱁ᕪࡢၥ㢟ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࡼࡾྜ⌮ⓗ࡞
㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇ࡢᒎ㛤ࡀᚲせ࠸࠺ၥ㢟ព㆑ࡽጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ㺀ᆒ⾮࠶ࡿⓎᒎ㺁࠸࠺ᅜ ᅵィ⏬ࡀ㐣ཤࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኻᩋࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ⌧ᅾࡣ⾶㏥ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㒔ᕷ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ₯ᅾຊ
ࢆಖ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾእ㒊ࡽᨭࢆཷࡅࢀࡤ⏕ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ᆅᇦࡣࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࠊࡑࡇᨭ
ࡋࡓ᪉ࡀࡼࡾᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛࡞࠸࠸࠺ၥ㢟ព㆑ࡽጞࡲࡿࠋ
ᗎ㸯㸰㸬◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ
ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊ㒔ᕷᅪ࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷ⏕ࡢᚲせᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡓࡵ⾶㏥ࡢᗘྜ࠸₯ᅾຊࢆホ౯ࡋࠊ
⏕ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㐺ษ࡞ᆅᇦࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᨻᗓࡀ㒔ᕷ
⏕ࣉࣛࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿ㝿ᴗࡢᡂຌྍ⬟ᛶࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᨻ⟇ⓗຠᯝࡀ୍␒ຠ⋡ⓗⓎࡉ
ࢀࡿࡇࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿᆅᇦࢆᐈほⓗ࡞᰿ᣐࡼࡾ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ලయⓗࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡀ⣽┠ⓗࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ
➨୍ࠊ㺀ᆒ⾮࠶ࡿⓎᒎ㺁㺀つไ⦆㺁࠸࠺ほⅬࡽࠊ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚᮶ࡓᅜᅵ㺃㒔ᕷᨻ
⟇ᑐࡋ᳨࡚ウࡋࡓୖࠊ ᖺ௨ᚋࡽᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚᮶ࡓ㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇ࡢ≉ᚩࡑࡢㄢ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚
⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ
➨ࠊ㒔ᕷᅪ㒔ᕷᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ」ྜ⾶㏥ࣞ࣋ࣝࢆẚ㍑ホ౯ࡋࠊࡑࡢᐇែࡸഴྥࢆ᫂ࡽ
ࡍࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢ⌧≧ࢆ⾲ࡍ㐺ษ࡞ᣦᶆࢆᶍ⣴ࡋࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᣦᶆࡢ୰࠶ࡿከᵝ࡞ሗࢆ
ࡘࡢᣦᩘ⥲ྜࡋࠊ㒔ᕷᅪࡢ㒔ᕷᆅᇦࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ」ྜ⾶㏥ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢẚ㍑ホ౯ࡋࠊࡑࡢᐇែࡸ
ഴྥࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ
➨୕ࠊ᪥ࡢ㒔ᕷ⏕࠾ࡅࡿ᰾ᚰⓗせ⣲⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㺀₯ᅾຊ㺁╔┠ࡋࠊ㒔ᕷ⏕₯
ᅾຊࡢ ᐃࣔࢹࣝࢆタィࡋࠊࡑࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚㒔ᕷᅪࡢ㒔ᕷࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊࡢẚ
㍑ホ౯ࡋࠊࡑࡢᐇែࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠋ
᭱ᚋࠊ⤖ㄽࡋ࡚」ྜ⾶㏥ᣦᩘ㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊᣦᩘࡢ㛫ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢆ┤ᗙᶆ⣔ࡋ࡚
⾲⌧ࡋ࡚㸲ࡘࡢ㡿ᇦᴫᛕࡋࠊ㒔ᕷ⏕ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿ㝿ᨻ⟇ⓗຠᯝࡀ୍␒ຠ⋡ⓗ
Ⓨࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿᆅᇦࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࠋ
ᗎ
ᗎ凟凤几⏝ㄒ僔ᐃ⩏䢢 䢢
ᗎ㸰㸯㸬㒔ᕷ⾶㏥Urban decline
ᮏ◊✲࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢᐃ⩏ࡣࠊࠕఱࡽࡢ⌮⏤࡛♫ࠊ⤒῭ࠊ≀ⓗ࠸࠺ከḟඖⓗၥ㢟ࡀ
≉ᐃ✵㛫㞟୰ࡋ(spatial concentration)ࠊ࿘㎶ᆅᇦࡼࡾ┦ᑐⓗ(relative)⾶㏥ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែ࡛ࠖ࠶
ࡿࠋ㡿ᇦูࡢ௬ㄝⓗ࡞ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ♫ၥ㢟ࡣపࡢேཱྀỈ‽㔞y㉁ࠊᏳᐃ࡞ேཱྀᵓ㐀ࠊ
♫ⓗࢭ࣮ࣇࢸ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࡢ㈋ᙅ࡞ࡢၥ㢟ࠊ⤒῭ၥ㢟ࡣᏳᐃ࡞ປാᕷሙࠊప⏕⏘ᛶࠊᆅᇦ άຊࡢపୗࠊ㈨⏘✚ࡢపࡉࠊప࠸㈈ᨻຊ࡞ࡢၥ㢟ࢆࠊ≀ⓗ⎔ቃၥ㢟ࡣ⪁ᮙఫᏯࠊపࡢᘓタ
⏘ᴗつᶍࠊ㧗࠸✵ࡁᐊ⋡ࠊᇶ┙タࡢຎᙅࠊ㜵⅏ᛶࡢၥ㢟࡞ࡢၥ㢟ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᗎ㸰㸰㸬㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊPotential for Urban Regeneration: PUR㸧
ᮏ◊✲࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷ⏕ࢆ㺀⾶㏥㒔ᕷࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࠊᆅᇦࡢ₯ᅾຊࢆⓎ᥀ࡋࠊࡇࢀࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ከ
యࡀ㒔ᕷయࡢᣢ⥆ⓗ࡞Ⓨᒎࡢࡓࡵ⥲ྜⓗࡘ⤫ྜⓗ࡞ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆࡍࡿάື࡛࠶ࡿ㺁ᐃ
⩏ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊPURࢆࠕ♫㺃ᩥࠊ⤒῭ࠊ⎔ቃࡢࡍ࡚ࡢഃ㠃࠾࠸࡚ᡂ㛗ཬ ࡧᣢ⥆ⓗ㛤Ⓨࠊ⥔ᣢ㺃⟶⌮࡞ࢆྍ⬟ࡉࡏࡿ㒔ᕷෆ㒊ࡢ┦ᑐⓗ⌧ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ
⌧ᅾᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ▱ࡗ࡚ࡿࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡣά⏝ࡋ࡞࠸㈨※ࡸຊ㔞࡛࠶ࡿࠖᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᗎ㸰㸱㸬ᣦᶆindicatorsᣦᩘindex
≉ᐃᑐ㇟ᑐࡋ࡚ ᐃࡲࡓࡣホ౯ࢆ⾲ࡍ᪉ᘧࡣᵝࠎ࡞⏝ㄒࡀࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᣦᶆ indicatorsࠊᣦᩘindexࠊ」ྜᣦᶆcomposite indicatorࠊኚᩘvariablesࠊ⤫ィstatisticsࠊ㈨ᩱ
dataࠊ᥎ᐃ್estimatesࠊ ᐃ್measures࡞ࡢ⏝ㄒࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⏝ㄒࡣ┠ⓗࡼࡗ
࡚ศࡅ࡚ࢃࢀࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ≉ศࡅࢆࡏࡎ➼ࡋࡃࢃࢀࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⏝ㄒࡢᴫᛕࢆᴫᣓࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ≉ᮏ◊✲࠾࠸࡚ࢃࢀࡿᣦᶆ
ᣦᩘࠊࡑࡋ࡚」ྜᣦᶆࡢᴫᛕᑐࡋ࡚ලయⓗ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ձᣦᶆࡢᴫᛕཬࡧᶵ⬟
ᣦᶆindicatorsࡣᣦ㺃 ᐃ㺃Ỵᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡇ࠸࠺ពࢆᣢࡘࣛࢸࣥㄒ࡛࠶ࡿ㺀indicare㺁
ࡽ⏤᮶ࡋࡓࠋ㏆ᖺࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᩥ⊩࠾࠸୍࡚⯡ⓗࢃࢀࡿᣦᶆࡢពࡣ㺀࠶ࡿ⌧㇟ࡸࡑࡢኚ
ᑐࡍࡿ⾲⌧ࡲࡓࡣせ⣙ሗ㺁ゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿࠋᣦᶆࡣࡑࡢ್ࡀᣢࡘពඹࢩࢫࢸ࣒యࢆ⌮
ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵ⌧㇟ᑐࡍࡿሗࡀ᫆ࡋࡃఏ㐩communication࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺」㞧࡞⌧㇟ࢆィ㔞
quantificationࡲࡓࡣ༢⣧simplificationࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡍࡿᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿὀࠋᅜᅵィ⏬ࡸᆅᇦཬ ࡧ㒔ᕷィ⏬࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡼࡃࢃࢀࡿᣦᶆࡣィ⏬ࡢ┠ᶆᡓ␎ࡼࡗ࡚ேཱྀࠊ⤒῭ࠊ⏕ά⎔ቃ࡛㐩 ᡂࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ┠ᶆ್ࢆពࡋࠊィ⏬ᶞ❧ࡢ‽ᣐ࡞ࡿὀࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព࡛ᣦᶆࡣ㈨ᩱdata
ࡸ⤫ィstatisticsࡣὀ༊ูࡉࢀࡿLee et al, 2003ࠋ
ᣦᶆ ᐃࡢ᰾ᚰࡣࠊ ᐃࡸホ౯ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿᒓᛶࢆࡼࡃ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᣦᶆࢆᐃ⩏㺃㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡇ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋᣦᶆࡣ᪤సᡂࡉࢀࡓ㈨ᩱࡸ⤫ィࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚⟬ฟࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ ᐃmeasureࠊࡑࡢࡶ
ࡢࡀᣦᶆసᴗࡢ᰾ᚰ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ୍⯡ⓗ⤫ィࡣ㺀ᐃ㔞ⓗ ᐃࡉࢀࡓ㈨ᩱ㞟ྜquantified set of data⤫ィⓗᢏἲࢆ㐺⏝ࡋ࡚ᚓࡓ್ࢆゝ࠸ࠊ⤫ィࡣ࠸␗࡞ࡿ㛫ࠊ✵㛫ࠊ≧ែࡢᑐ㇟objects
࡛ᚓࡓ㈨ᩱ㞟ྜࢆຍᕤࡋ࡚ᚓࡓ್ࢆゝ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ཝᐦ࡞ព࡛㈨ᩱ⤫ィࡣ␗࡞ࡿᴫᛕ࡛࠶
ࡿࡀࠊᣦᶆ㛤Ⓨ㐣⛬࡛ࡣ༊ศࡐࡎࠊࠕ㈨ᩱdataࠖ⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ฟᡤ: Aall, 2005, The Concept of Indicators, Paper presented at a
seminar within the EU project Capacity building to enable the incorporation of urban sustainability parameters in spatial urban development and planning policy practices through the use of indicators (URBANGUARD). Nicosia. Cyprus.8 - 9 August 2005.
ฟᡤ:WHO, 2002, Health in Sustainable Development Planning:
The Role of Indicators. WHO.
ᅗ
ᅗᗎ㸬ሗࣆ࣑ࣛࢵࢻ ᅗᅗᗎ ᣦᶆᑟฟࣉࣟࢭࢫ
ฟᡤ: Aall, 2005, The Concept of Indicators, Paper presented at a seminar within the EU project Capacity building to enable the incorporation of urban sustainability parameters in spatial urban development and planning policy practices through the use of indicators (URBANGUARD). Nicosia. Cyprus.8 - 9 August 2005.
ᅗᗎ㸬ᣦᶆࡢᵓᡂ㢮ᆺ
௨ୖࡢᅗᗎ ᅗᗎ ࡣሗ㝵ᣦᶆࡢᑟฟ㐣⛬ࢆලయࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅗᗎ ࡣᣦᶆ ࡢᵓᡂ㢮ᆺࢆᅗᘧࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᣦᶆసᡂ࠾ࡅࡿ㈨ᩱࡣ㺀୍ḟ㈨ᩱbasic monitoring data㺁㺀ຍᕤ㈨ᩱprocessed data㺁ศࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ୍ḟ㈨ᩱࡣ ᐃ㈨ᩱࡸ⤫ィࢆពࡋࠊຍᕤ㈨
ᩱࡣ୍ḟ㈨ᩱࢆศᯒ┠ⓗ㐺ྜࡍࡿࡼ࠺ㄪᩚࡋࡓ㈨ᩱࢆពࡍࡿࠋ
Aall(2005)ࡣ㈨ᩱࡢฎ⌮ཬࡧά⏝᪉ᘧࡼࡗ࡚ᣦᶆࢆ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ㢮ᆺ༊ศࡋࡓࠋ㈨ᩱࢆࡑࡢࡲ
ࡲᣦᶆࡋ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿሙྜࡣ㺀≉ᐃᣦᶆspecific indicators㺁ࠊࡶࡋከࡃࡢ㈨ᩱࡢ୰୍࡛㒊㈨ᩱ
ࡢࡳࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ᣦᶆࡋ࡚࠺ሙྜࡣ㺀᰾ᚰᣦᶆkey indicators㺁ศࡅࡋࡓὀࠋ
ᣦᶆࡢᶵ⬟ࡣ༢⣧࡞ᩘᏐࡢ⾲⌧ࡸ⤫ィ್࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ฿㐔ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿᮃࡲࡋ࠸≧ែ㛵㐃ᨻ⟇
㐙⾜ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㐺ษ⌧ࢃࡋࠊࡍ࡚ࡢᐖ㛵ಀ⪅stakeholderࡑࡢሗࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢ௨እࡢᣦᶆᶵ⬟ࡣ௨ୗࡢ⾲ᗎ ࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⾲
⾲ᗎ ᣦᶆࡢᶵ⬟
ᶵ⬟ ㄝ᫂ ㉁ၥ
Description ≧ែࢆㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚ၥ㢟ࢆ୍⯡ࡋ࡚⌮ゎࢆቑ㐍ࡉࡏ
ࡿࠋ
What are things like?
Simplification 」㞧࡞ࡇࢆ༢⣧ࡉࡏࡿࠋ What’s the big picture?
Measurement ⾜ືࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢᐇ⾜ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࠋ How much?
Trend identification ᇶ‽ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᶞ❧ࠊᅛ᭷ࡋࡓഴྥࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ᪉ྥࢆ
⌧ࢃࡍࠋ
How did we do?
Clarification ࢩ࣮ࣗࡸ㛗ᮇ┠ᶆᑐࡍࡿ᫂☜࡞ศᯒࡍࡿ㛵ᚰ
ศ㔝ࡢࣁࣛࢺ
What’s most important?
Communication ᖜᗈࡃ⏝⪅ࡀ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ⏝ㄒࡋ࡚ࢹ
࣮ࢱࢆኚࡋ࡚⌧ࢃࡍࠋ
How do we explain…?
Catalyst for Action ኚࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡇࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᐖᙜ⪅ࡢᨻ
ⓗ⮬ぬࡉࡏࡿࠋ
What next?
ฟᡤ: Hoernig, H & Seasons, M, 2005, Chapter1 Understanding Indicators, Rhonda Phillips (Editor) , Community Indicators Measuring Systems, Ashgate Pub Ltd, p.5.
ᣦᶆࡢ ᐃཬࡧホ౯ᶵ⬟ࡀጇᙜసືࡍࡿࡓࡵྲྀࡾᥞ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸せ௳࡛ࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ
࠺࡞ࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊᨻ⟇ࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡿࡍ࡚ࡢ㒊㛛ࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ≉ᛶࢆ ᐃࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞
ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋḟࠊ㛵㐃ᣦᶆࡣ┤᥋ⓗ࡞㛵ಀ⪅ᨻᗓࠊᆅ᪉⮬య࡞ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᅜẸࡀ⌮ゎࡋ
࡚ᐜࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿෆᐜ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡉࡽࠊᣦᶆࡣጇᙜ࡛ಙ㢗ᛶࡀ㧗࠸
⤫ィ᰿ᣐࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡶࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞せ௳ࢆ‽⏝ࡍࡿࠋ
ղ」ྜᣦᶆᣦᩘࡢᴫᛕ
」ྜᣦᶆcomposite indicatorsࡣ㺀 ࡘ௨ୖࡢᣦᶆࢆᩘᏛⓗ⤖ྜࡋࡓᣦᶆ㺁Saisana, M. and S.
Tarantola. 2002࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࠸㐪࠺ ᐃ༢ࢆ࠺ࡇࡸࠊ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞㐃㛵ᛶࡀ࡞࠸ᣦᶆࢆ㞟ィ
aggregationࡋࠊ୍ࡘࡢᣦᶆ࡛ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿ᪉ἲㄽ࡛࠶ࡿNardo, et al, 2005ࠋ」ྜᣦᶆࡣಶูᣦᶆࡸ
㈨ᩱࡀ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇࡸࠊ᭕⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᒓᛶࢆࡼࡾ᫂☜⾲⌧ࡍࡿࠋ」ྜᣦ ᶆࡢ㛤Ⓨࢃࢀࡿ㞟ィᡭἲࡣ௨ୗࡢ⾲ᗎ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ἲࡀࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⾲
⾲ᗎ 」ྜᣦᶆComposite indicators㞟ィᡭἲ 0
0HWKRG (TXDWLRQ
1. Sum of country rankings
ܥܫ௧ൌ ܴܽ݊݇௧
ே
ୀଵ
2. Number of indicators above the mean minus the
number below the mean ܥܫ௧ൌ ή ݏ݃݊ ቈݔ௧
ݔா௧ െ ሺͳ ሻ
ே
ୀଵ
3. Ration or percentage differences from the mean
ܥܫ௧ൌσಿసభσ ௪௪ή௬
ಿ
సభ
ZKHUHݕ௧ ൌ௫௫
ಶೆ 4. Percentage of annual differences over
consecutive years ܥܫ௧ൌσಿసభσ ௪௪ή௬
ಿ
సభ
ZKHUHݕ௧ ൌ௫ି௫௫ షభ
5. Standardized values
ܥܫ௧ൌσಿసభσ ௪௪ή௬
ಿ
సభ ZKHUHݕ௧ ൌ௫ఙି௫ಶೆ
ಶೆ 6. Re-scaled values
ܥܫ௧ൌσಿసభσ ௪௪ή௬
ಿ
సభ ZKHUHݕ௧ ൌ௫ሺ௫ି୫୧୬ሺ௫ሻ
ሻ ὀ㸸݅= value of indicator, ܿ= country, ݐ= time, ݓ= weight
ฟᡤ㸸Saisana, M. and S. Tarantola. 2002. State-of-the-art Report on Current Methodologies and Practices for Composite Indicator Development. EC Joint Research Centre.
ᗈ⩏ⓗ࡞ព࡛ᣦᩘindexesࡣ㺀ᩘᏐ㺁⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡓ」ྜᣦᶆࡢỈ‽ࢆពࡍࡿࠋᣦᩘࡢ㛤
Ⓨࡣಶูᣦᶆࢆ୍ᐃࡢᇶ‽᪉ἲㄽࡼࡗ࡚ᐇᩘ㞟ྜᑃീmappingࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ࠸㐪࠺
ᣦᩘࡢỈ‽ࢆᐃ㔞ⓗ ᐃ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㓄ิorderingࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⅼ࡛ᣦᩘࡣ」ྜᣦ ᶆ㛤Ⓨ㢮ఝࡢ᪉ἲㄽࢆ⏝࠸ࠊሙྜࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ」ྜᣦᶆྠࡌព࡛ࢃࢀࡿὀࠋ
୍⯡ⓗ࡞⬦⤡࡛㺀ᣦᩘ㺁㺀ᣦᶆ㺁ࡣࠊ᫂☜࡞㝵ⓗ㛵ಀࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ከᵝ
࡞᪉ἲㄽⓗࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿ㝿ࠊᣦᩘࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺ᐃ⩏࡛ࡁࡿࠋᣦᩘࡣ㺀࠸㐪࠺ ࡘ௨ୖࡢᣦᶆ
ࢆ⤖ྜࡍࡿࡓࡵྛᣦᶆ್ࡢ༊㛫ࢆ୍⮴࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣㄪᩚࡍࡿࡇࡸࠊࡇࢀࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⤖ྜࡉࢀࡓ್㺁
ࢆពࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐃ⩏ࡣᩘᏛⓗ㺀ᡤᒓ㛵ᩘmembership function㺁ࡢᴫᛕ࡛⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇ
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ࠶ࡿᣦᶆ್ࡢ⠊ᅖࢆ㞟ྜXࣇࢪ࣮㞟ྜゝࡗࡓࡽࠊᡤᒓ㛵ᩘࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺
ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿKim et al, 2007ࠋ
Ɋሺݔሻǣ ՜ ሾͲǡ ͳሿ
ᡤᒓ㛵ᩘࡣ㞟ྜ⌮ㄽ࡛ࢃࢀࡿ㺀ᣦᶆ㛵ᩘindicator function㺁ࢆ୍⯡ࡉࡏࡓ㛵ᩘ࡛ࠊXࡢ್
ࡼࡗ࡚ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ࡢ್ࢆᣢࡘᣦᶆ㛵ᩘࡣ㐪࠸>@༊㛫ࡢࡍ࡚ࡢ್ࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿ
ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
୍⯡ⓗᣦᩘࡢ᭷⏝ᛶ࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ」㞧࡞ᅛ᭷༢࡛⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡓ ᐃᑐ㇟ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍࡃ⾲⌧
࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢁ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ㺀ᣦᩘindex㺁ࡣ᫂☜࡞᪉ἲㄽⓗᐃ⩏≉ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
୍᪉ࠊ㺀ᣦᶆindicators㺁ࡣ୍⯡ⓗ ᐃ್measuresࠊ᥎ᐃestimatesࠊࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࣮parametersࠊ
ኚᩘvariables࡞ࡀ㺀ᑐ㇟ࢸ࣮࣐themeࡢ≧ែࢆ➃ⓗ⾲⌧ࡍࡿ≉ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㺁ࡇࢆពࡍࡿࠋ
ᗎ
ᗎ䢯凥几◊✲僔ᑐ㇟僎᪉ἲ傎ᵓᡂ䢢
ᗎ㸱㸯㸬◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟᪉ἲ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㒔ᕷᅪὀ╔┠ࡍࡿࠋ㒔ᕷᅪࡣ㒔ᕷࡢ⾜ᨻⓗቃ⏺ࢆ㉺࠼࡚㒔ᕷᬒほⓗ
୍ᮏࡋࡓᆅᇦࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᶵ⬟ⓗ㛵ಀࡀ῝࠸ᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᆅ⌮Ꮫⓗࡣḟࡢ୕ࡘ༊ศࡉࢀࡿࠋ ձᬒほⓗ㒔ᕷ㐃⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᕷ⾤ࡉࢀࡓᆅᇦᕷ⾤ᆅ㐃ᢸᆅᇦࠊղ㏻࡞᪥ᖖⓗ࡞⾜ື
㠃ࡽ㒔ᕷࡢ⤖ࡧࡘࡁࡀ῝࠸ᆅᇦ᪥ᖖ⏕άᅪࠊճ⤒῭άືࡸ㌿ධேཱྀ࡞ࡽࡳ࡚㒔ᕷ
㛵ಀࡀ῝࠸ᆅᇦ㒔ᕷᙳ㡪ᅪࡢ୕ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ⚟⏣⦅ࠊࠋᮏ◊✲࠾࠸࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿ
㒔ᕷᅪࡣࡇࡢղᒓࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ὀⓑᢤࡁࡣࠊ◊✲ᑐ㇟௨እᆅᇦ⏫ᮧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᅗᗎ ◊✲ᑐ㇟⠊ᅖ
ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㒔ᕷᅪࡢ୰࡛ᮾிᅪ╔┠ࡋࠊ≉㒔ᕷ㒊ࡢၥ㢟ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࠋලయⓗ࡞ศᯒᑐ㇟
ࡣᮾிᅪᮾி㒔ࠊᇸ⋢┴ࠊ༓ⴥ┴ࠊ⚄ዉᕝ┴ࡢ㒔ᕷᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡿ ᕷὀᮾி㒔≉ู༊ࢆྵࡴ
ࡍࡿᅗᗎࠋศᯒ✵㛫ࢆ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ᕷ༊ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ✵㛫༢ࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲ
ࡎࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ཬࡧ㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊࡢศᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣ㒔ᕷⓗ࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ
✵㛫༢タᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㒔ᕷⓗ࡞ᶵ⬟ࡣ୍⯡ⓗᙺᡤࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿᕷ⾤ᆅࡢேཱྀ
ࡀከࡃࠊ➨୍ḟ⏘ᴗປാ⪅ࡢẚ⋡ࡀప࠸⮬య࡛࠶ࡿᕷࢆ࠸࠺ࠋḟࠊᐈほⓗ࡞ศᯒࡢࡓࡵࡣ ẚ㍑༢ࢆྠ୍タᐃࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭱ᚋࠊᑠࡉ࠸⾜ᨻ༢ࡣᣦᶆࢹ࣮ࢱ
!
㞟ୖࡢ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᕷ༊ࣞ࣋ࣝࡼࡾୗࡢ༢࡛࠶ࡿᑠᆅᇦ㸦⏫┠༢㸧 㞟ィࡲ࡛ศᯒࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊࡼࡾᆅᇦᐦ╔ࡋࡓྲྀ⤌ࡳࡢ⟇ᐃᙺ❧࡚ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᛮࢃࢀ
ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ᪥ᮏࡢྛ✀⤫ィ᪉ἲࡢ㝈⏺ࡢㄢ㢟࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
୍᪉ࠊᐇドศᯒࡢࡓࡵࡢ๓ᥦ᮲௳ࡣࠊ㒔ᕷ࣭ᆅᇦࡣ࿘㎶㒔ᕷ࣭ᆅᇦࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞
࠸⊂❧ⓗ✵㛫㡿ᇦ௬ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲ࡢ᪉ἲࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᩥ⊩◊✲ࢆᇶ♏ࡋࠊ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥₯ᅾຊᑐࡍࡿデ᩿ホ౯ࡢࡓࡵࡢ
ࣔࢹࣝࢆᥦ♧ࡋࠊࡑࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ᐇドศᯒࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢹ࣮ࢱ
㞟ࡢ⠊ᅖࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᪤Ꮡࡢྛ✀⤫ィཬࡧㄪᰝ㈨ᩱࢆྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾ᥈⣴ࡋࠊᕷ≉ู༊ࢆྵࡴูᥖ
㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㞟ࡋࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊศᯒᣦᶆࡋ࡚ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛᪤Ꮡࡢ ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ↓࠸ࡶࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ᪤Ꮡࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆୗ㐺ᐅຍᕤࡋ࡚సᡂࡍࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊྛࢹ࣮ࢱࡀྠ୍
ᖺᗘ࡛ᥞࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ⌮ⓗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊㄪᰝどⅬࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࡓࡵࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣධᡭ
ྍ⬟࡞᭱᪂ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋᇶᮏⓗࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ศᯒࡍࡿ⤫ィ㈨ᩱࡣ ᖺࡽ ᖺࡲ࡛
ࡢྛᶵ㛵ࡽබ⾲ࡉࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᗎ㸱㸰㸬◊✲ࡢᵓᡂ
ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊᗎ❶㸷ࡘࡢ❶ࠊཬࡧྛ❶ࢆせ⣙ࡋࡓ⤊❶࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᗎ❶ࡣࠊ◊✲ࡢ⫼ᬒ
ព⩏ࠊ┠ⓗࠊᯟ⤌ࡳ᪉ἲࠊ᪤ ㄽᩥࡢᩚ⌮ࡘ࠸࡚グࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲ࡢ๓༙㒊ࡣ㒔ᕷࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞Ⓨᒎࡢ⪃࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㔜せᛶࡣࡘㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᨻ⟇┠ᶆࡋ࡚ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟ᛶࢆᥖࡆࡿࡇࡣጉࡆࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ⌧ᐇࡢ㒔ᕷ ࡢᐇែࡣࠊᐇࡣ㺀㒔ᕷ⾶㏥㺁ࡢᆅ༊ࡈࡢ≧ἣࡣ༑ศᢕᥱࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊࡲࡓࡣṑṆࡵࡀࡽ
࡞࠸࠸࠺ࢣ࣮ࢫࡀከࡃࠊ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢ㐍⾜ᗘྜ࠸ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࡢ≉ᚩࢆぢᤣ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㐺ษ࡞ᨻ
⟇ᑐᛂࡶ࠾ࡰࡘ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸࠺ၥࡽฟⓎࡍࡿࠋලయⓗࠊ➨ ❶ࡣ㺀ᆒ⾮࠶ࡿⓎᒎ㺁㺀つไ
⦆㺁࠸࠺ほⅬࡽࠊ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚᮶ࡓᅜᅵ㺃㒔ᕷᨻ⟇ᑐࡋ᳨࡚ウࡋࡓୖࠊ ᖺ௨ᚋ
ࡽᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚᮶ࡓ㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇ࡢ≉ᚩࡑࡢㄢ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ➨㸰❶㹼➨㸳❶ࡣࠊ㒔ᕷ
⾶㏥ၥ㢟㛵ࡍࡿෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢᴫᛕࡑࡢືᅉࠊࢠࣜࢫࡢ㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇ࠊ 㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ၥ㢟ࡢデ᩿ࡢࡓࡵࡢࣔࢹࣝࠊᮾிᅪ㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿ」ྜ⾶㏥ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢデ᩿⾶㏥≉ᛶࡘ
࠸࡚グࡍࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲ࡢᚋ༙㒊ࡣ᪥ࡢ㒔ᕷ⏕࠾ࡅࡿ᰾ᚰⓗせ⣲⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㺀₯ᅾຊ㺁╔┠ࡋࠊ㒔 ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊࡢ ᐃࣔࢹࣝࢆタィࡋࠊࡑࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᮾிᅪࡢ㒔ᕷࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ලయⓗࠊ➨㸴❶㹼➨㸶❶ࡣ㒔ᕷ⏕ࡢࡓࡵࡢ₯ᅾຊ㛵ࡍࡿෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ㒔ᕷ⏕ࡢ ᐃ⩏ࠊ㒔ᕷ⏕ᇶ┙₯ᅾຊURBPࡢᐃ⩏ࠊURBPࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ホ౯ࡢࡓࡵࡢศᯒࣇ࣮࣒ࣞࠊᮾி
ᅪ㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿURBPࡢホ౯ࡑࡢ≉ᛶࡘ࠸࡚グࡍࡿࠋ
➨㸷❶ࡣ」ྜ⾶㏥ᣦᩘMDI㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊᣦᩘURBPࡢ㛫ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢆ┤ᗙᶆ⣔
ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡋ࡚㸲ࡘࡢ㡿ᇦᴫᛕࡋࠊ㒔ᕷ⏕ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿ㝿ᨻ⟇ⓗຠᯝࡀ୍␒ຠ⋡
ⓗⓎࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿᆅᇦࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡘ࠸࡚グࡍࡿࠋ
⤊❶࡛ࡣせ⣙ࡋ࡚ࠊ๓❶ࡲ࡛ࡢྛ❶ࡢศᯒෆᐜཬࡧศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆせ⣙ࡋࠊయࡢ⤖ㄽᚋࡢ ㄢ㢟ࢆグࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ㄽᩥࡢᵓᡂࢆᅗᗎ ♧ࡍࠋ
ᅗ
ᅗᗎ ◊✲ࡢᵓᡂ 䢢
䢢 䢢
ᗎ
ᗎ䢯処几᪤ ◊✲僔⥲ᣓ僎ᮏ◊✲僔⨨僋傷䢢
ᗎ㸲㸯㸬᪤ ◊✲ࡢ⥲ᣓ 䢢
䷵᪥ᮏ௨እࡢ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡑࡢホ౯㛵ࡍࡿ᪤ ◊✲
ୡ⏺ࡢ㒔ᕷࡣᆅᇦ⤒῭ཬࡧ⏘ᴗᵓ㐀ࡢኚࠊᢏ⾡Ⓨ㐩ཬࡧ㏻ࡢኚࠊ♫ᵓ㐀ࡢኚཬࡧ㒔 ᕷࢺࣞࣥࢻࡼࡗ࡚ᡂ㛗⾶㏥ࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ⤒࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⯆ỿࡣ㒔ᕷࡢṔྐᏑᅾ ࡍࡿ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪂ࡋࡃ⌧ࢃࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ᑐࡍࡿ⌮ゎࡣ㒔ᕷᆅ⌮Ꮫࠊ㒔ᕷ
♫Ꮫࠊ㒔ᕷィ⏬Ꮫ࡞ࡢศ㔝ⓗほⅬࡲࡓࡣ◊✲⪅ࡀᒓࡋࡓᅜᐙࡢ㒔ᕷⓗ௳ࡼࡗ࡚ྍኚⓗ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋ
㒔ᕷ⾶㏥㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣ ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡽⓏሙࡋጞࡵࡓࡀࠊ ᖺ௦ࢠࣜࢫࡢ㒔ᕷࡀ ከᵝ࡞㒔ᕷၥ㢟┤㠃ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊᏛ⾡ⓗࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆጞࡵࡓࠋ௨ᚋࠊ࣓࣮ࣜ࢝ࣚࣟ
ࢵࣃ࡞ࡢᅜᐙ࡛ࡶ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊḟ➨ୡ⏺ⓗ㒔ᕷ⏕ᑐࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡀ
⏕ࡌࡿ㒔ᕷ࡛ࡶࡼࡾከ࠸㛵ᚰࢆཷࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ᪥ᮏࡢሙྜࠊ ᖺ௦௨ᚋ㒔ᕷ⏕ᑐࡍ
ࡿ㛵ᚰࡀቑຍࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ၥ㢟ᑐࡋ࡚㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡀὀࠊḢ⡿ẚ࡚ࡣ┦ᑐ
ⓗࡑࡢ◊✲ࡢ㔞ⓗ㺃㉁ⓗỈ‽࡛ไ㝈ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ≉㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ᑐࡍࡿᴫᛕⓗ◊✲ࡼࡾࡣ
ศᯒࢆࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
୍᪉ࠊ᪥ᮏࡼࡾ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ၥ㢟ࢆඛ⤒㦂ࡋࡓḢ⡿ࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ᑐࡍࡿᴫᛕⓗ◊✲㒔 ᕷ⾶㏥ᑐࡍࡿ◊✲࡛ࡁࡃศࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᴫᛕⓗ◊✲࡛ࡣ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢཎᅉ⌧
㇟㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡘ୍᪉ࠊ◊✲࡛ࡣ⾶㏥⌧㇟ࡢ✵㛫ศᕸࠊࡲࡓࡣྛ㒔ᕷࡢ≉Ṧ࡞≧ἣ≉ᚩࠊ㒔 ᕷࡈࡢ⥲ྜⓗ࡞⾶㏥⌧㇟ࡢホ౯࡞ᑐࡍࡿ⌮ゎศᯒࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ึᮇࠊ⾶㏥◊✲ࡣ㈋ᅔpovertyᑐࡍࡿ◊✲࡛ጞࡲࡗࡓࠋࢠࣜࢫࡢSSRC(1968)ࡣ㈋ᅔࡢ㢮 ᆺࢆCrisis PovertyLong-Term DependenciesࠊLife Cycle PovertyࠊDowntown Povertyࡢ ࡘ࡛ศ ࡅࠊ㺀The idea of cycle of poverty㺁ࡢᴫᛕࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᩍ⫱⎔ቃࡼࡿ㈋ᅔࡢఏ࠼ࡿ⌧㇟ᑐࡋ࡚ὀ
┠ࡋࡓࠋKnox(1974)ࡣ㺀Level of Living㺁ࡢᴫᛕࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ⾶㏥ࡢᴫᛕࡢᇶ‽࡞ࡿ
ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᣦᶆࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓࡇࢁࡀࠊከࡃࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞◊✲ࡣ⾶㏥ࢆ୰ᚰ
⾜ࢃࢀࡓ◊✲࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ௨ᚋከࡃࡢ⾶㏥◊✲ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡓࠋ
Harvey(1974)ࡣᆅᇦ⤒῭⾶㏥ࡀᵓ㐀ⓗ࡞ഃ㠃ࡽ㈨ᮏᕷሙࡢᰂ㌾ࡼࡿ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆㄽ
ドࡋࠊಶேࡔࡅࡢ㈐௵࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࢆຊㄝࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ≉ᐃ✵㛫ࡀ㈨ᮏࡢㄽ⌮ࡼࡗ࡚㑅ᢥࡉࢀ
ࡿࡇࡸࠊᗫᲠࡉࢀࡿ㐣⛬࡛ヱᙜᆅᇦ⤒῭ⓗᵓ㐀ኚࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᵓ㐀ⓗኚࡀᆅᇦ ఫẸࡢ⏕άྍᢠຊⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ≉ᐃᆅᇦࡢ⾶㏥᭷↓ࡣఫẸࡢ
⏕άᐦ᥋࡞㐃㛵ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⌮ㄽⓗࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡇᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
Myrdal(1962)ࡣ♫⤒῭ⓗᆅࢆዣࡉࢀࡓேࠎࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸♫㝵ᒙࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ╔
┠ࡋࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ேࠎࢆ㺀Underclass㺁࠸࠺⏝ㄒ࡛ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣኻᴗࠊప㈤㔠࡞ࡢᮍ᮶
ᑐࡍࡿᕼᮃࢆኻࡗࡓ⤯ᮃⓗ࡞≧ែ࠶ࡿேࠎ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ㈋ᅔฎࡋࡓ㞟ᅋࡣᕪࢆぢࡏࡿࠋ⾶㏥
ࡘ࠸࡚ᐇ㉁ⓗ⾲グࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊ⾶㏥ࡢᴫᛕ㠀ᖖఝ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⾶㏥◊✲ࡢᮏ᱁ⓗࢫࢱ࣮ࢺ
ࢆ▱ࡽࡏࡿ◊✲ぢࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
♫ⓗእ㝵ᒙᑐࡍࡿከࡃࡢ◊✲࡛ඹ㏻ⓗ⌧ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㈋ᅔࡢ࡞≉ᚩࡣࠊ㈋ᅔࡀಶே࡛
⤊ࢃࡽ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢᏊࡲ࡛ᣢ⥆ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋWilliams(1970)ࡣࠊ♫ⓗ⬤
ᙅ㝵ᒙぶㆡࡾ⌧㇟ࡣ≉ᐃᆅᇦࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸࡶ㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿ㏙ࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ≉ᐃᆅ ᇦࡢ⾶㏥ࡀ♫ⓗබㄆࡉࢀጞࡵࢀࡤࠊヱᙜᆅᇦఫࡴࡇࡔࡅ࡛ࡶ♫ⓗእ㝵ᒙ࡛ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࠊ ࡇࢀࡼࡾ♫⤒῭ⓗᶵࢆዣࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㈋ᅔࡢぶㆡࡾ⌧㇟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࡼ
࠺࡞ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㈋ᅔ⾶㏥ᑐࡍࡿᴫᛕⓗ◊✲ࡀ✚ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ㡭ࠊ⾶㏥ࡢၥ㢟ࢆ✵㛫ⓗഃ㠃
ࡽ᳨ウࡋࡓ◊✲ࡶጞࡲࡗࡓࠋJohnston(1974)ࡣ㈋ᅔ⾶㏥ࡀ≉ᐃࡢ✵㛫㞟୰ࡉࢀࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢ✵㛫 ࡢ≉ᛶࡀࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᒃఫẸࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸࢆ௦ᘚࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ㺀Neighborhood effect㺁ࡀⓎ⏕
ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㏙ࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ✵㛫ⓗᒓᛶࡣ⾶㏥ࡢᝏ㛗ᮇࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
Pacione(2009)ࡣ㈋ᅔ⾶㏥ࡼࡿ㒔ᕷၥ㢟ࡢ✵㛫ⓗ㞟୰ᑐࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࠊ≉⤒῭ⓗ≧ែࡀᖹᆒ
௨ୗࡢே✀ⓗᑡᩘ⪅ࡀ♫ⓗࠊᆅ⌮ⓗศ㞳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢ✵㛫ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥᙧᡂᑐࡋ࡚ὀ┠
ࡋࡓࠋ
୍᪉ࠊ⾶㏥ࡀ≉ᐃ✵㛫ᅛ╔ࡍࡿ⌧㇟ᑐࡍࡿഃ㠃ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ≉ᐃᆅᇦࡀᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⾶㏥
≧ែࡢኚὀ┠ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡶከ࠸ࠋึᮇ◊✲࡛ Davidson(1976)ࡣఫᒃ⎔ቃ㐃ᦠࡉࢀࡓ♫ⓗ⾶
㏥ࡢ✵㛫ⓗኚࢆಶู㒔ᕷ༢ࡋ࡚⣔ิⓗ᥈⣴ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊBroadway and Snyder(1989) ࡣ ᖺ௦࣓ࣜ࢝㺃࢘ࢳࢱWichita࢝ࣥࢨࢫKansaࡢ㒔ᕷෆ㒊ࡢ⾶㏥ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥኚࢆ᥈
⣴ࡋࠊ♫⤒῭ⓗせᅉࡀ⾶㏥ከࡃࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࠸࠺ᐇࢆド᫂ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊSmith and
Williams(1986)ࡣ㒔ᚰ⾶㏥άᛶgentrification㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢ◊✲ࡣ༢⣧
㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢၥ㢟ࡔࡅ㞟୰ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⾶㏥ࡼࡗ࡚Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ㈈ᨻⓗᶵࡶὀ┠ࡋࡓࠋす Ḣࡢྛ㒔ᕷࡢ⤒㦂ࡋࡓ㒔ᚰࡀάᛶ࡞ࡿ㐣⛬ࢆὀ┠ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࡢ᪤ᏑఫẸࡢእ
ዣࡢၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊከᵝ࡞◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢᴫᛕࡀᐃ❧ࡉࢀࡿ୰ࠊ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ၥ㢟ࡢ⥲ྜⓗホ ౯ࡲࡓࡣ ᐃࡢ◊✲ࡀጞࡵࡓࠋึᮇࡢ◊✲ࡋ࡚Herbert(1975)ࡣ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢᐃ⩏ࢆୗࡆࠊ≀⌮ⓗ
㒔ᕷ⎔ቃಶேⓗࠊ㠀ಶேⓗ♫⎔ቃ࡞ࢆẚ࡚ࢠࣜࢫ㺃࣮࢝ࢹࣇCardiffᆅᇦࡢ⾶㏥✵㛫
ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥspatial patterns of deprivationࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣᣦᶆࡢ᭱ᑠ㐣⛬ࢆ⤒࡚ࢺࣞ
ࡀ࡞࠸ᘓ≀ࠊప⣭ປື⪅ࡢྜࠊ≢⨥⋡࠸࠺᭱⤊ᣦᶆࢆ⏝ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡣࡑࡢ௦┦ࢆࡼࡃᫎ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᣦᶆุ᩿ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢ◊✲ࡣ♫㡿ᇦ㞟୰ࡉࢀࡓᣦᶆࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓ
ࡵ㒔ᕷ⯡ࡢ⾶㏥ᗘྜ࠸ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
௨ᚋࠊᡂศศᯒࡸࢡࣛࢫࢱศᯒ࡞ࡀ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࢆศᯒࡍࡿせ᪉ἲㄽ࡛ᖍࢆྲྀࡗ࡚᮶ࡓࠋ
Congdon(1988)ࡣࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢṚஸ⋡ኻ⫋⋡ࢆ✵㛫ⓗ࡞ࣃࢱ᳨࣮࡛ࣥウࡋ࡚◊✲ࢆ㐍⾜ࡋࠊࡑࡢ⤖
ᯝࠊṚஸ⋡ኻ⫋⋡ࡀࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢ⾶㏥ၥ㢟ࢆࡼࡃ⾲ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᙇࡋࡓࠋBroadway and
Jesty(1998)ࡣ ᖺ ᖺࡢ㛫࢝ࢼࢲ ࡘࡢ㒔ᕷ㒊ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࠊᏛᰯู࡛↓ᩱ⤥㣗ࢆཷࡅ
ࡿ Ꮫ ⏕ ྜ ࢆ ♫ ⓗ ⾶ ㏥ ᗘ ྜ ࠸ ࢆ ᢕ ᥱ ࡍ ࡿ ᣦ ᩘ ࡋ ࡚ 㑅 ᐃ ࡋ ࡚ ศ ᯒ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋLonglois and Kitchen(2001)ࡣ࢝ࢼࢲ㺃ࣔࣥࢺ࣮ࣜ࢜ࣝ(montreal)ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࠊᡂศศᯒࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ GDI(general
deprivation index)ࢆ⟬ฟࡋ࡚㒔ᕷෆ㒊ࡢ⾶㏥㢮ᆺࢆศࡅ࡚⯡ⓗ࡞⾶㏥ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ
Richard and Longley(2002)ࡣࢠࣜࢫࡢᑠつᶍᆅᇦ༢࡛࠶ࡿwardࡢ⾶㏥ᗘྜ࠸ࡢ ᐃࢆヨࡳࠊ
ᡤᚓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿᡭẁࡋ࡚life styleࢹ࣮ࢱࢆά⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢ⏘ᴗ
࡛ㄪᰝࡉࢀࡓᾘ㈝⪅⤫ィ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪩ࡃኚࢃࡿ㒔ᕷ⎔ቃࡢ୰࡛ࡼࡾ᭱᪂ሗࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊᡤ ᚓ㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ၥࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣᑠつᶍᆅᇦ༢ࡢ⾶㏥ ᐃබ ඹᶵ㛵ࡼࡗ࡚ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃẸ㛫ᴗ࡛࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢࡢࡓࡵసᡂࡋࡓ㈨ᩱࢆ
ά⏝ࡋࡓ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ពࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢠࣜࢫࡢ DETR(2000)ࡣ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥㛵㐃ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿከᵝ࡞ᣦᶆࢆᑐ㇟࡛ከኚ㔞ศᯒ᪉ἲ࡛
࠶ࡿせᅉศᯒุูศᯒࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᣦᶆࢆᑟฟࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ◊✲ࢆ⿵ࡗ࡚ࢠࣜࢫࡢDCLG (2011)ࡣ 2001ᖺ」ྜ⾶㏥ᣦᩘ(Index of Multiple Deprivation)ࢆึࡵ࡚సࡾࠊ2004ᖺࠊ2007ᖺࠊ2010ᖺ
ࢠࣜࢫᆅᇦࡢ ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᣦᩘ࡛ࡣࠊᡤᚓࠊ㞠⏝ࠊᗣ͌㞀ᐖࠊᩍ⫱͌ࢫ࢟ࣝ͌
カ⦎ࠊఫᏯࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ㞀ቨࠊᒃఫ⎔ቃࠊ≢⨥ࡢ 7 ࡘࡢ㡿ᇦࡢྜィ 38ࡢᣦᶆࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࠊ ࢫࢥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ」ྜ⾶㏥ࡢ⤫ィࢹ࣮ࢱࡣேཱྀ1,500 ே⛬ᗘࡢ⤫ィㄪᰝࡼࡾ༊ࡾࡈ⟬ฟ ࡉࢀࠊࡇࡢ⤫ィㄪᰝ༊ࡸᆅ᪉⮬యࡈࣛࣥࢡࡅࡉࢀࡿࠋ⾶㏥ࡢᗘྜ࠸ࡣ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ
࡞ࡃࠊᆅᇦࡢẚ㍑ࡼࡿ┦ᑐⓗ࡞ホ౯࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⾶㏥ᗘࡣᅗୖࢫࢥࡼࡗ࡚Ⰽศࡅࡋ࡚⾲
ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊලయⓗ࡞ࢫࢥࡣ⾲ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢ୰࡛≉⾶㏥ࡢⴭࡋ࠸ᆅᇦࡣࠊ㒔ᕷ⏕ࡢࡓࡵ
ࡢᅜࡢண⟬ࡀ㓄ศࡉࢀࠊᆅᇦࡢᖜᗈ࠸ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࣙࢵࣉࢆ࣮࣋ࢫࡋࡓ㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇ࡀ⤌ࡲࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿὀࠋ
䷶᪥ᮏࡢ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡑࡢホ౯㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲
ᨻ⟇㠃࠾ࡅࡿ ᖺ㺀ࣥࢼ࣮ࢩࢸᨻ⟇Policy for the Inner City㺁ⓒ᭩ࢠࣜࢫ⎔ቃ┬
ࡢห⾜ࠊ◊✲ୖ࡛ࡢ ᖺࡢ㺀ࢡࣛࢵࢭࣥ㺃ࣔࢹࣝ(Klaassen model)㺁ࡢᥦฟࡣࠊḢ⡿࡛ࡢ㒔ᕷ
⾶㏥ၥ㢟ࡢ㆟ㄽ୍⥺ࢆ⏬ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀ௨㝆ࡢ ᖺ௦ࠊḢ⡿ࡢ㒔ᕷ࡛ࡣࠊࣥ
ࢼ࣮ࢩࢸၥ㢟࠸ᑐฎࡍࡁࡀඹ㏻ࡢၥ㢟ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ᖺ௦ࡽ ᖺ௦࠼ࡅ
࡚࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓᐇែࡸࡑࡢᵓ㐀ᢕᥱࡢẁ㝵ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ ᖺ௦ࡣࠊ⥲ྜⓗᨻ⟇ࡢᥦᐇࡢᒎ 㛤ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓᮇࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㧗ᶫࠊࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢືࡁࡣ᪥ᮏࡶఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋḢ⡿ၥ㢟ࡀ῝้ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞
࠸ࡀ᪥ᮏⓗࣥࢼ࣮ࢩࢸၥ㢟ࡢᏑᅾࢆᙉࡃព㆑ࡋࡓ㜰㺃⚄ᡞ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽὀࠊụ⏣௦
⾲ࡉࢀࡿ㺀⤒῭⾶㏥ࢆక࠺ࣥࢼ࣮ࢩࢸၥ㢟ࡣᮾி࡞ࡋ㺁ࡢㄽㄪࡢᕪ␗ࡀࡵࡔࡗࡓ㧗ᶫ
ࠊࠋ
㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢ ᐃุ᩿㛵ࡍࡿ᪤ ◊✲ࢆࡳࡿࠊἨࠊ୰ᯘࠊ౫⏣ࠊ ᡂ⏣ࠊᱜࠊ㧗ᶫࠊᐊ⏫ࠊ⏣୰㺃୰ࠊ㧗ᶫ㺃⋢⨨
ࠊᐊ⏣ࠊᑠಛࠊ୰すࠊᴮᮏࠊẶཎࠊబ
㈏ࠊ㔠ࠊ୰ᮧ㺃ΎỈ࡞ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡎࠊ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢุ᩿ᇶ‽ࢆேཱྀኚࢆ⏝࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋἨ ࡣࠊ ᆅ᪉㒔ᕷᑐࡋ࡚㐣ཤ ᖺ㛫ࡢேཱྀືែࡼࡗ࡚㒔ᕷࡢᡂ㛗ࠊࠊ⾶㏥ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ
㢮ᆺࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀ⏘ᴗࠊᅵᆅ⏝ࠊ㈈ᨻ࡞ࡢᣦᶆࡢࡼ࠺࡞┦㛵ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࢆ᪤Ꮡ⤫ィ㈨ᩱ
ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࠊࡇࢀࡼࡾேཱྀቑຍࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿせᅉࢆᢳฟࡋࠊேཱྀࡢᐃ╔ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⟇ࢆᥦࡋ ࡓࠋศᯒ⤖ᯝࠊᆅ᪉୰ᚰ㒔ᕷࡢேཱྀቑຍࡢࡓࡿㄝ᫂せᅉࡣࠊ➨ ḟ⏘ᴗ➨ ḟ⏘ᴗࡢᡂ㛗ຊࠊ
ேཱྀᐦᗘࠊ⏕⏘ᖺ㱋ேཱྀẚேཱྀࡢ㞟✚࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋᚑࡗ࡚ᆅ᪉୰ᚰ㒔ᕷࡢேཱྀᐃ╔
ࢆ᥎ࡋ㐍ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ➨ ḟࠊ➨ ḟ⏘ᴗࢆ⫱ᡂࡋ࡚ዲࡲࡋ࠸㞠⏝⎔ቃࢆ㐀ࡗ࡚⾜ࡃࡇࡀᛴ
ົᥦࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣேཱྀቑຍ⋡ࡀ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿᣦᶆࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓࠋ
బ㈏ࡣࠊ㧗㱋ЍᑡᏊЍேཱྀῶᑡ௦࠾ࡅࡿ᪥ᮏࡢ㒔ᕷ ᕷ⏫ᮧࡢᡂ㛗⾶
㏥ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞㉁ⓗ㌿ࢆࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࢆ㏣㊧ࡍࡿඹࠊᮾி㺃ྡྂᒇ㺃㜰ࡢ 㒔ᕷᅪ࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᕷ┒⾶ࡢᐇែ㒔ᕷࡢᣐⅬᛶࡸ⤒῭ຊࢆᐇドⓗศᯒࡋࠊ㒔ᕷ┒⾶ࡢཎᅉࢆゎ
᫂ࡋࡓࠋబ㈏ࡣࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺࠊ ᖺࡶ㒔ᕷᡂ㛗㒔ᕷ⾶㏥㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡀࠊ ࡍ࡚ࡢ◊✲࠾࠸࡚㒔ᕷ┒⾶ࡢุ᩿ᇶ‽ࡣேཱྀቑຍ⋡ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊḢ⡿ࡢ◊✲࡛
☜ㄆࡋࡓࡼ࠺㒔ᕷ┒⾶ࡢุ᩿ࡍࡿᇶ‽ࢆேཱྀቑῶ⋡ࡔࡅࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࠾࠸࡚ࡣၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ
⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
㔠ࡣࠊேཱྀࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㒔ᕷᅪῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㒔ᕷᅪࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ࠾࠸࡚✵㛫ᵓ 㐀ࡀ㞟୰ྥࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣศᩓྥࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆࢡ࣮ࣛࢭࣥKlaassen et
al,1981)ࡢ㒔ᕷⓎᒎẁ㝵ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊேཱྀつᶍࡢᑠ➼ࡼࡿᵓ㐀ኚᐜࡢ㐪࠸࡞ࡶ
ศᯒࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ◊✲ࡶ㒔ᕷ┒⾶ࡢุ᩿ᇶ‽ࡋ࡚ேཱྀቑຍ⋡ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ」㞧ከᵝࡋࡓ㒔ᕷ♫ࡢ⾶㏥ၥ㢟ࢆேཱྀࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊከḟඖⓗഃ㠃࡛ࣉ࣮ࣟ
ࢳࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
ḟࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᣦᶆࢆ⏝࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᯘࡣࠊᮾி㒔༊㒊ࡢ ᖺ௦ࡽ ᖺ௦ึ㢌ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᐈほⓗᣦᶆࡢẚ㍑ࡽࠊᆅᇦ♫ࡢ⾶ᚤࠊ ᆅᇦ⤒῭ࡢࠊᕷ⾤ᆅ⎔ቃࡢ⾶ᚤࠊ♫⌮ⓗ≧ἣࡢ㸲ࡘࡢഃ㠃ࡽศᯒࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ㸲ഃ㠃ࡣࠊ
ࣥࢼ࣮ࢩࢸၥ㢟ࢆ㔜࡞㒔ᕷᨻ⟇ㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚ᥦ㉳ࡋࡓࢠࣜࢫ⎔ቃ┬ࡢⓑ᭩㺀ࣥࢼ࣮ࢩࢸ
ᨻ⟇ Policy for the Inner City, 1977㺁ࡢᴫᛕ౫ᣐࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ᐊ⏫ࡣࠊᅜࡽᆅ᪉㒔ᕷ ࠊ㒔ᕷᅪ㑹እ㒔ᕷ ࡢྜィ 㒔ᕷࢆᢳฟࡋࠊၟᴗ
⤫ィ࣓ࢵࢩࣗࢹ࣮ࢱࡸᆺᑠᗑ⥲ぴࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊྛ㒔ᕷෆ㒊࠾ࡅࡿ㒔ᚰၟᴗᆅᇦࡢ⾶
㏥≧ἣࡸつᶍၟᴗᆅᇦࡀ⾶㏥ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㒔ᕷࡢ≉ᚩࡸࡑࡢᑐ⟇ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋศᯒ⤖ᯝࠊ⾶㏥ഴྥ
ࡣつᶍᑠᗑ⯒ࡢ❧ᆅືྥࡀ㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ㒔ᚰၟᴗᆅᇦࡢ⾶㏥ᑐ⟇ࡋ
࡚ࠊつᶍᑠᗑ⯒ࡢ❧ᆅㄏ⮴ࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㝿ࡣ㐨㊰ᩚഛࠊ㒔ᚰᚑᴗ⪅ࡢቑຍࢆᅗࡿࡇ
ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
㧗ᶫ㺃⋢⨨ࡣࠊ㒔ᕷᕤᏛⓗどⅬࡽ⏕ά✵㛫ᙧᡂ㛵ࢃࡿ㈈ᨻᨭฟὀ┠ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡀ 㒔ᕷ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ௦ࡼࡾࡢࡼ࠺㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࠊᚋࡢ⏕ά✵㛫ィ⏬ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉
ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ୰㒔ᕷࠊᑠ㒔ᕷ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㒔ᕷࡀᛴ㏿ᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࠊ᭱ึᩍ⫱㛵ಀ㈝ࡀ✺ฟࡋࠊ Ᏻᐃ㺃ᡂ⇍ࡽ⾶㏥⛣⾜ࡍࡿᚑ࠸Ẹ⏕㈝ࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋᅵᮌ㈝࠸࠺ᯟ࡛ࡳࡿࠊᡂ㛗㒔ᕷ
⾶㏥㒔ᕷࡢ㛫ࡣ୍ேᙜࡓࡾᨭฟ㢠ᕪࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࡢ୰ࡢᢞ㈨ศ㓄ࢆࡳࡿࠊᡂ㛗㒔ᕷࡢ᪉ ࡀ㐨㊰ᶫᰁࠊ㒔ᕷィ⏬㒊㛛ࡢᢞ㈨ࡀࡁࡃࠊ⾶㏥㒔ᕷ࡛ࡣఫᏯࡢᢞ㈨ࡀࡁ࠸ࠋࡉࡽ㒔ᕷ ィ⏬㒊㛛ࡢ୰ࡢ㒔ᕷ㓄ศࢆࡳࡿࠊᡂ㛗㒔ᕷࡢ᪉ࡀ⾤㊰ࡸ༊⏬ᩚ⌮࡞ࡢ㐨㊰ࡸᏯᆅ࡞㒔ᕷᇶ
┙ᩚഛ㛵ࢃࡿᢞ㈨ࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᐊ⏣ࡣࠊᅜࡢᆅ᪉㒔ᕷ 㒔ᕷࢆᑐ㇟ࠊ㒔ᕷࡢ≉ᛶ✵Ὕࡢ≧ἣࢆᇶࠊ㒔ᕷࡢ 㢮ᆺࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡲࡓࠊᅜෆእࡢඛ㐍࠾ࡅࡿ⟇ෆᐜࢆᇶࠊ㒔ᕷࡢ㢮ᆺࡈࡢ✵Ὕゎᾘ
⟇ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ㒔ᕷࡢ㢮ᆺࡣࠊ㺀⊂❧㒔ᕷ㺁ࠊ㺀పᡂ㛗㒔ᕷ㺁ࠊ㺀౫Ꮡ㒔ᕷ㺁ཬࡧ㺀ప ᐦ㒔ᕷ㺁ࡢ㸲㢮ᆺศ㢮ࡋࠊάᛶ⟇ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊබඹ㏻⟇➼ࡢ㏻⟇ࢆ୰ᚰ᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡓࠋ
ᴮᮏࡣࠊᆅ᪉㒔ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿ୰ᚰᕷ⾤ᆅࡢ⌧ἣࢆᩚ⌮ࠊᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠊྛ✀⤫ィࢹ
࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚୰ᚰᕷ⾤ᆅࡢ⌧≧ศᯒࢆ⾜࠸ࠊḟࠊ㒔ᕷࡢᇶ♏ᣦᶆ⾶㏥ᣦᶆࢆタᐃࡋࠊ」ᩘ㒔 ᕷࡢẚ㍑ศᯒࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ୰ᚰᕷ⾤ᆅ⾶㏥ࡘ࠸୍࡚⪃ᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊ⾶㏥ศᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵ
ࡢᣦᶆࡋ࡚ࠊṌ⾜⪅ቑຍ್ࠊேཱྀቑຍ್ࠊ┦ᑐᆅ౯ୗⴠ⋡ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ
Ặཎࡣࠊᕷ⾤ᆅᙧᡂ࠾ࡅࡿᩚഛᡭἲࡀ␗࡞ࡿ ࢱࣉࡢ㑹እᕷ⾤ᆅࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊ 㒔ᕷ᧔㏥ࡢᐇែࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᕷ⾤ᆅࡈ㒔ᕷ᧔㏥ࡢ≉ᚩࡀ␗࡞ࡾࠊᕷ⾤
ᆅᙧᡂࡢᩚഛᡭἲࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ㒔ᕷ᧔㏥ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ㢮᥎ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ศ ᯒࡍࡿ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࡢၥ㢟ࡶࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㒔ᕷࡈࡑࡢ≉ᚩࡀ㐪࠺ࡇணࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࡑࡢ୍᪉ࠊ✵ࡁᆅ㺃✵ࡁᐙࡢၥ㢟ࡀ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ࢆ⌧ࢃࢀࡿᣦᶆࡋ࡚ศᯒࡋࡓ◊✲ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᑠಛ
ࡣࠊ㏆ᖺၟᴗ⎔ቃࡢኚ➼ࡼࡾ⾶㏥ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿᆅ᪉୰ᚰᕷ⾤ᆅ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᗑ⯒ࡸ
ົᡤ࡞ࡢၟᴗᴗົ⣔ࡢ✵ࡁᗋࡢ≧ἣࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᐇែືྥࢆᢕᥱࡋࠊᚋࠊࡲࡕࡢάຊࢆ ࡿ ࡓࡵࡢ✵ࡁᗋᣦᶆࡢᵓ⠏ࡢࡓࡵࡢ♧၀ࢆᚓࡓࠋ୰すࡣࠊ㤳㒔ᅪ㑹እఫᏯᆅ࠾ࡅࡿ✵
ࡁᆅ㺃✵ࡁᐙࡢࡇࢀࡽࡢⓎ⏕ഴྥࢆᢕᥱࡋࠊ✵ࡁᆅ㺃✵ࡁᐙၥ㢟ࡢᑐᛂ⟇ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ
ࡉࡽࠊ㒔ᕷෆ㒊ࡢᆅ༊⾶㏥ࡢၥ㢟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౫⏣ࡣࠊ⚄
ዉᕝ┴୰ኸᆅᇦࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢෆᏑᅾࡍࡿ࠸ࡃࡘࡢၟᴗ᰾㏻タᩚഛࡢ≧ἣࢆẚ㍑
ࡋࡘࡘࠊࡇࢀࡽ᰾ᆅ༊ࡢ➇ྜᡂ㛗࠾ࡅࡿෆ㒊ᩚഛ࠾ࡼࡧእ㒊ᩚഛࡢᙺࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋศᯒ⤖
ᯝࠊ㒔ᕷᡂ㛗῝ࡃಀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿせ⣲ࡣᅵᆅࡢὶື᮲௳࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࠋ ᡂ⏣ࡣࠊ㒔ᕷᆅ⌮ᏛⓗどⅬࡽ㒔ᕷࡢ✵㛫ᵓ㐀ࡢ୰ࡽࠊࡃ⾶㏥ᆅ༊ࢆࡾ࠶ࡆ࡚ࠊ ࡑࡢᛶ᱁⏕ࡢ᪉ྥࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ◊✲ࡣ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ᆅ༊ࡢㄆ㆑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽⱥ⡿࠾ࡅࡿ⾶㏥
ᆅ༊⏕ࡢ᪉ྥࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ㜰ᕷࡢࢆࡾୖࡆ࡚ࣥࢼ࣮࢚ࣜࡢ⾶㏥ೃᑐᛂ
ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㒔ᕷ⾶㏥ᆅ༊ࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿᇶ‽ࡋ࡚ேཱྀቑຍ⋡ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ ᱜࡣࠊ⯪ᶫᕷ༡す㒊࠾ࡅࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࢫࢱࢹࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࢢ࣮ࣞࢰ࣮ࣥ࠾ࡼࡧ⾶㏥
ᆅ༊ࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿᡭἲࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜࠺ࡶࠊ⌧ᆅㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢᏑᅾࡢㄆ㆑ࢆᚓ
ࡿࡇࠊࡲࡓࠊ᳨ฟࡉࢀࡓ⾶㏥ᆅ༊ࡢᚋࡢᆅᇦάᛶࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㺀₯ᅾຊ㺁ࡋ࡚ィ㔞ࡋࡓࠋ 㧗ᶫࡣࠊᮾிࡢࣥࢼ࣮ࢩࢸၥ㢟ࡀࢇ࡞≉ᚩࢆࡶࡗ࡚❧ࡕ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡘ
࠸࡚ᮾிࡢࣜࢫࢺࣛࢡࢳࣕࣜࣥࢢ⦅ᡂࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ศᯒࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ◊✲ࡣࣥࢼ࣮ࢩࢸ
⾶㏥ࡢᴫᛕࢆタᐃࡋࠊ♫⤒῭ⓗ࡞どⅬࡽᮾி༊㒊ࡢࣥࢼ࣮ࢩࢸ⾶㏥ၥ㢟ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋ
⏣୰㺃୰ࡣࠊᮾி㒔ᚰࡢ㏆㞄ᆺၟᗑ⾤ࡢᡂ㛗ཬࡧ⾶㏥ືྥࢆᢕᥱࡋࠊၟᅪෆࡢேཱྀኚ
ၟᗑ⾤ෆ㒊ኚࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ㒔ᚰᆅᇦࡢ㏆㞄ၟᗑ⾤ࡢᡂ㛗ࠊ⾶㏥ၟᗑ⾤ኚ
ࡢ㛵㐃࡙ࡅࢆヨࡳࠊḟၟᗑࡢ㛢ᗑᚋࡢ᪂⏝㏵ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊၟᗑ⾤ࡢ⾶㏥ࢆᅵᆅ
⏝ࡢኚ࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࡽᢕᥱࡋࡓࠋ
୰ᮧ㺃ΎỈࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ⟅࠼ࡿࡓࡵࠊಶ⚊ࢹ࣮ࢱࡽ᪂ࡋ࠸ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢭ
ࢵࢺࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚ศᯒࡋࡓࠋつᶍᗑ⯒ࡢฟᗑᑐࡍࡿつไࡣࠊ୰ᚰᕷ⾤ᆅࡢ⏕ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡢ࡛
࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ୰ᚰᕷ⾤ᆅࡢࡣࠊ㑹እ࠾ࡅࡿつᶍᗑ⯒ࡢฟᗑࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺
ࠋࡇࡢ◊✲࡛୰ᚰᕷ⾤ᆅࡢ⾶㏥ၥ㢟ࢆᅗࡿࡓࡵࠊேཱྀࠊ ṓ௨ୖேཱྀࠊᆅ౯ၟᴗࠊఫᏯࠊ
ၟᗑᩘࠊၟᴗୖࠊつᶍᗑ⯒ୖࠊࡾሙ㠃✚ࢆᣦᶆࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓࠋ
ճ㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊPUR㛵ࡍࡿ᪤ ◊✲
᪥⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࠊ┤᥋ⓗPURᑐࡍࡿホ౯ࢆヨࡳࡓ◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊCoombes et. al(1992) ࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢠࣜࢫࡢ㒔ᕷࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࠊ⤒῭ⓗᡂ㛗ࢆ┠ᶆࡋࡓ㒔ᕷ⏕₯ᅾຊࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ
Coombes, et al(1992)ࡣḟ⾲ᗎ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣦᶆࢆࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ◊✲ࡣ ᖺ௦ࢠࣜࢫࡢ㒔ᕷࡢ
௦┦ࢆᫎࡋ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓᣦᶆࢆ⏝ࡋࠊ⤒῭ⓗせᅉࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࣓ࢽࢸ࣮ࠊ↓ᙧ࡞
ࡢ⢭⚄ⓗ౯್ࡶ㔜せ࡞ᣦᶆࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓ࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᣦᶆࡢ୰࡛࢚࣮ࣜࢺ⫋ᴗࡢࣃ
࣮࣡ࢆᙉㄪࡋࡓ࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
⾲
⾲ᗎ PUR Coombes, et al, 1992
ᵓᡂせ⣲ ᣦᶆ
❧ᆅ ࢡࢭࢫ
㈈ᨻ ᆅ᪉ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࠊᢞ㈨ᅇࠊᢞ㈨㈝⏝ࠊᾘ㈝⪅㟂せ ᇶ┙ ⏘ᴗᵓ㐀ࠊ◊✲ཬࡧ㛤Ⓨάືࠊ✵㛫ไ⣙ࠊ㏻ಙ
࣓ࢽࢸ࣮ ⎔ቃⓗ≉ᛶࠊᗣタࠊ⚟♴タࠊᩍ⫱タࠊࣞࢪ࣮ࣕタ
↓ᙧ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢ⤖᮰ࠊ⏕άࡢ㉁㺃㈝⏝ࠊሙᡤ࣓࣮ࢪ
ே㛫 ேཱྀᏛࠊປാຊHOLWHࠊᴗ
ฟᡤ: Coombes, M,, Raybould, S, and Wong, C.(1992), Developing Indicators to Assess the Potential for Urban Regeneration, HMSO
ࡲࡓࠊ┤᥋ⓗࡣ PUR ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞㒔ᕷ⏕ࡢ⛣⾜performance ᣦᶆࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓHemphill et al(2004)ࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊ⤒῭ཬࡧࠊ㈨※⏝ࠊᘓ≀ᅵᆅ⏝ࠊ㏻
⛣ືᛶࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ┈࠸࠺せᅉࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᐃᛶⓗᢕᥱࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㒊ศࢆ᭱㝈 ᐃ㔞ࡉࡏ࡚ᣦᶆศᯒࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᣦᶆศᯒࡢㄽ㆟ࢆ㇏ᵓᡂࡋࡓ⾲ᗎࠋ
⾲ᗎ ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞㒔ᕷ⏕㐙⾜ᣦᶆHemphill et alࠊ2004
ᵓᡂせ⣲ ᣦᶆ
⤒῭ཬࡧ ᪂つ⫋ᴗࠊ᪂つ⫋ᴗࡢ୰࡛ᆅᇦ㞠⏝⋡ࠊ᪂つᴗࠊ᪂つ⫋ᴗࡢ㉁ࠊᢞ㈨⋡ࠊࣥ
ࢭࣥࢸࣈࠊࣃ࣮ࢺࢼࢩࢵࣉᵓ㐀ࡢᡂᯝࠊ⟶⌮ࡢᩀ⋡ᛶࠊᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛἲேࠊ
⏝⪅ࡢᛂ
㈨※⏝ ྂ࠸ᘓ≀ࡢ⏕⋡ࠊ⎔ቃⓗ≉Ⰽࡢಖ᭷ࠊࡈࡳฎ⌮ࠊࡈࡳ᭱ᑠࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᩀ⋡
ᛶᘓ≀እほࢹࢨࣥࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ᩀ⋡ᛶᘓ≀⣲ᮦཬࡧᘓ⠏᪉ἲࠊᩥ㈈㑇
⏘ࡢಖᏑࠊ⎔ቃࢹࢨࣥᴗࠊ⎔ቃ⟶⌮ᡂᯝ
ᘓ≀ᅵᆅ⏝ ࢜ࣇࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࡢྜࠊ᪂⠏ᘓ≀ࡢྜࠊởᰁᅵᆅࡢ⏕ࠊᐦᗘỈ‽ࠊ」ྜᅵᆅ
⏝ࠊఫᒃ㺃ၟᴗ⋡ࠊᐇ⏝✵㛫ࡢ㉁ࠊ࣮ࣂࣥࢹࢨࣥࡢ㉁ࠊබඹሙᡤࡢ㉁㺃⏝ࠊ
⚾ⓗ✵㛫ࡢ㉁
㏻⛣ືᛶ 㐨㊰ࢩ࢙⋡ࠊṌ⾜㐨㊰⋡ࠊ㐨㊰ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢタᐃࠊ㏻ഴྥࠊవᬤタ⛣
ືഴྥࠊ⾗㏻㐃ᦠࠊ㥔㌴ሙタഛᒃఫࠊ㥔㌴ሙタഛၟᴗࠊ㞟⣙ⓗᅵᆅ⏝
ࢥ ࣑ ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ ࡢ
┈ ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ࣭వᬤタ࣭ᴗタ࣭ᩍ⫱タ㺃་⒪タ࣭ፗᴦタ࣭ᩥ
タࡢࢡࢭࢫࠊఫᏯࡢᨭᡶ࠸ྍ⬟ᛶ㑅ᢥࠊᑠࡾᴗࡢࢡࢭࢫࠊᆅ᪉㆟
㢟 ᨻ⟇ࡢᩀ⋡ᛶࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢព㆑㺃ཧຍ
ฟᡤ: Hemphill. L, Berry. J and McGreal S, 2004, An Indicator-based Approach to Measuring Sustainable Urban Regeneration Performance: Part 1, Conceptual Foundations and Methodological Framework, Urban Studies, Vol. 41(4), pp.725-755.
⌧ᅾࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ◊✲ࡢࡣ㒔ᕷ⏕ᑐࡋ࡚₯ᅾຊࢆ┤᥋ホ౯ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ ࡓࡵࠊ᪤Ꮡ◊✲ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣไ㝈ࡉࢀࡓ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡋㄽ㆟ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚⏕₯ᅾຊ ࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ᣦᶆࢆタᐃࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡾࠊㄽ㆟ࡢᖜࢆᗈࡆࡿࡓࡵ㒔ᕷ⏕ࡢࡓࡵࡢ₯ᅾຊ㛵㐃 ࡀ࠶ࡿᆅᇦຊࠊᣢ⥆ྍ⬟ᛶࠊᆅᇦຊ㔞ࠊᆅᇦ㒔ᕷ➇தຊࠊ㒔ᕷᡂ㛗₯ᅾຊ࡞ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ࡞
ࡐ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ⌧ᅾࡢᨻᗓࡢ㒔ᕷ⏕ᨻ⟇ࡣ㒔ᕷ➇தຊࢆ㧗ᥭࡉࡏࠊᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ᡂ㛗ࢆ㐙ࡆࡿࡇࢆ
┠ᶆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
➨୍ࠊἙୖࡼࡿࠊᆅᇦຊࡣࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝ㺃࢟ࣕࣆࢱࣝࢆໟᣓࡍࡿᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢯ࣮
ࢩࣕࣝ㺃࢟ࣕࣆࢱࣝࡼࡗ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿゝࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᆅᇦຊࡢ ᐃࡣࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝ㺃࢟ࣕࣆ
ࢱࣝࡢ ᐃྠࡌព࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝ㺃࢟ࣕࣆࢱࣝࡢ ᐃ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆࡳࡿࠊ
ࢠࣜࢫࡢONS(2003)ࡣ♫ⓗཧຍࠊᕷẸⓗཧຍࠊ♫ⓗࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡཬࡧ♫ⓗᨭࠊᜨᛶ ཬࡧಙ㢗ࠊᆅ᪉ᑐࡍࡿぢゎ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢆタᐃࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ᪥ᮏ⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤࡣࢯ
࣮ࢩࣕࣝ㺃࢟ࣕࣆࢱࣝࡢ ᐃࡢࡓࡵࠊಙ㢗୍⯡ⓗ࡞ಙ㢗ࠊ┦ಙ㢗㺃┦ᢇຓࠊࡘࡁ࠶࠸㺃
ὶ㏆㞄࡛ࡢࡘࡁ࠶࠸ࠊ♫ⓗ࡞ὶࠊ♫ཧຍ࠸࠺࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢆタᐃࡋ࡚ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆ
⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
➨ࠊᣢ⥆ྍ⬟ᛶ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆࡳࡿࠊ⮬❧ⓗᆅᇦࡢᵓ⠏㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣ㺀ᆅᇦ ࡢ⮬❧㺁ࡢᴫᛕࢆ㺀ேࡢ⏕άࡀᣢ⥆ⓗᡂࡾ❧ࡘࡇ㺁ᐃ⩏ࡋࠊᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ᆅᇦࡢ⮬❧ᛶࢆホ౯
࡛ࡁࡿᣦᶆࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊఫᒃࡢᏳᛶࠊ⤒῭ⓗάຊࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᩥཬࡧవᬤ⎔ቃ࡞
࡛༊ศࡋὀࠊྛ㡿ᇦࡢ⮬❧せ௳ࢆ⾲ᗎ ࡢࡼ࠺ᣦᶆࡋࡓࠋఫᒃࡢᏳᛶ࡛ࡣࠊேཱྀ㛵㐃 ᣦᶆࠊࢩࣙࢵࣆࣥࢢ⏕άᣦᶆࠊᏳᛶࠊᇶ♏ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࠊ㈈ᨻຊ࡞ࡢ ᣦᶆࢆ㑅ᐃࡋࡓࠋ⤒῭
ⓗάຊ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣࠊ㞠⏝ࠊ㒔ᕷᆺࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࠊሗ㏻ಙ࡞ࡢ ᣦᶆࢆ㑅ᐃࡋࡓࠋᩥཬࡧవᬤ⎔
ቃ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣࠊ⮬Ⓨⓗάືࠊᬒほཬࡧ⮬↛ಖࠊᩥఏ⤫࡞ࡢ ᣦᶆࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣ⮬❧ⓗᆅᇦホ౯ࡢࡓࡵࡢᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡢ༊ศ࠾࠸࡚ࡶఫᒃᩥ࡞
ࡢవᬤࡢẚ㔜ࡀ┦ᑐⓗࡁ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ♫ⓗ࡞ᣦᶆཬࡧ㈈ᨻຊᣦᩘ࡞ࡀ⤒῭ࡲࡓࡣ♫㒊㛛
࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊఫᒃࡢᏳᛶḟඖ࡛⪃៖ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᑵᴗ⪅ᩘࠊⓒ㈌ᗑᩘࠊᦠᖏ㟁ヰᬑཬ⋡࡞ࡀ♫
㒊㛛࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⤒῭ⓗάຊ㒊㛛ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⾲
⾲ᗎ ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞㒔ᕷࡢ⮬❧ᛶࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿᣦᶆ⮬❧ⓗᆅᇦࡢᵓ⠏㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠊ ㄪᰝ㡯 ⏝⤫ィྡ ㄪᰝ㡯 ⏝⤫ィྡ
ேཱྀ ேཱྀቑຍ⋡ ᖺேཱྀ ⏕⏘ᵓ㐀 ᑵᴗேཱྀ ᑵᴗ⪅
ᖺேཱྀ ḟ⏘ᴗᑵᴗ⪅
㧗㱋⋡ ᖺேཱྀ ḟ⏘ᴗᑵᴗ⪅
ṓ௨ୖேཱྀ ḟ⏘ᴗᑵᴗ⪅
㧗㱋ୡᖏ 㧗㱋༢㌟ୡᖏᩘ ⏕⏘㢠 〇㐀ရฟⲴ㢠
㧗㱋ኵ፬ୡᖏᩘ ၟᴗᖺ㛫㈍㢠
ṓ௨ୖぶ᪘ࡢ࠸ࡿ
ୡᖏᩘ
❧ᆅ≧ἣ ⥲ົᡤ
㛫㺃ኪ㛫ேཱྀ
⋡
㛫ேཱྀ 〇㐀ᴗົᡤ
㠃✚ ⥲㠃✚ 㞠⏝≧ἣ ୍ேᙜࡓࡾᡤᚓ ㄢ⛯ᑐ㇟ᡤᚓ
ྍఫᆅ㠃✚ ᐇᴗ⋡ ᐇᴗ⋡
⪔ᆅ㠃✚ ࣔࣀ ⓒ㈌ᗑ
᳃ᯘᆅᇦ ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ ᫎ⏬ࠊ㡢ᴦࠊࢫ
࣏࣮ࢶ➼
ᫎ⏬㤋ᩘ
Ᏻ㜵
⅏
ฮἲ≢ㄆ▱௳ᩘ ሗຊ ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ㏻ヰྍ
⬟࢚ࣜ
)20$ ♫⣙Ḱࡼࡾ
㏻ᨾⓎ⏕௳ᩘ $'6/ ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪࢚ࣜ
ࡶࡢ ᑠᴗ ㈈ᨻຊ ㈈ᨻຊᣦᩘ
㣧㣗ᗑ බമ㈝ẚ⋡
ࢥࣥࣅࢽ ⮬㈈※ẚ⋡ ᆅ᪉⛯
ෆ⤊᪥Ⴀᴗᗑ ṓฟỴ⟬⥲㢠
ᇶ♏ⓗ
ࢧ࣮ࣅ
ࢫ
་⒪ ་⒪タᩘ㝔デ⒪
ᡤᩘ
࣎ࣛࣥࢸ
≉ᐃ㠀Ⴀάືἲேタ≧ἣ
⚟♴タ ⪁ே࣮࣒࣍ ᬒほ ᬒほ᮲
ㆤࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ ㆤࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ⏝⪅ᩘ ᩥ㈈ 㔜せ↓ᙧᩥ㈈
ᩍ⫱ ᑠ୰㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩘ ᭷ᙧᩥ㈈
Ẹ᪘ᩥ㈈
ఏ⤫ᕤⱁရ
⚍ࡾ㺃࣋
ࣥࢺ
⚍ࡾ㺃࣋ࣥࢺ ࡏ ࠺ ࡕ ⥲ ◊ ㈨
ᩱ ฟᡤ⮬❧ⓗᆅᇦࡢᵓ⠏㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠊࠊ㺀ࡼ࠸ࡲࡕࡀࡿ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢ᪥ᮏ㺁ࠊᅜᅵ㏻┬
ࡲࡓࠊࢠࣜࢫࡢAudit Commission(2005)ࡣࠊᆅᇦQOLᣦᶆࢆබ⾲ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᣦᶆࡢయ⣔ࡣ ศ㔝ࡢ ᣦᶆࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᅜࡢ㺀ᣢ⥆ⓗⓎᒎᡓ␎㺁ࡢ⟇ᐃ➼క࠸ࠊྠጤဨ
┬ᗇࡀඹྠ࡛ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ᖺྠጤဨࡀබ⾲ࡋࡓᆅᇦQOLᣦᶆࢆ࣮࣋ࢫࠊ ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ᣦᶆࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳࡢᡂᯝࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚సᡂࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྛ⛠ࡇࡑࠊ ᆅᇦ QOL ᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᇶᮏⓗࡣࢠࣜࢫ࠾ࡅࡿࠊᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸᣦᶆࡢࣉࣛࢵ
ࢺࣇ࢛࣮࣒⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࢧࢫࢸࢼࣅࣜࢸ◊✲ࠊࠋ
⾲ᗎ ᆅᇦQOLᣦᶆࡢయ⣔Audit Commission, 2005
ᵓᡂせ⣲ 㡯┠ᣦᶆ
ேࠎሙᡤ ᆅᇦఫẸࡼࡗ࡚つᐃࡉࢀࡿඃඛᗘ➨୍ࡢᨵၿ㡯 ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ
ࡢ⤖ྠ㺃 㛵ࢃࡾ
⫙ࡢⰍࠊฟ㌟ࠊ᐀ᩍࡢࡓࡵᨷᧁࡉࢀࡿேࠎࡢࡇࡀࠊᆅᇦ࡛࡞ࡾ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࢀ࡞ࡾ
ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿఫẸࡢྜ
㐣ཤ ᖺ㛫࡛ᆅᇦࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸάືࡀᨵၿࡉࢀࡓࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⌧≧⥔ᣢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓឤࡎ
