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Vol. 44, No. 1, 2014, 115-128

ON A CURVATURE-TYPE INVARIANT

OF A g-HOLOMORPHICALLY SEMI-SYMMETRIC CONNECTION ON A LOCALLY PRODUCT SPACE

Nevena Puˇsi´c1

Abstract. We consider ann−dimensional locally product space withp andqdimensional components (p+q=n).In our previous paper, we have considered two connections, (F, g)−holomorphically semi-symmetric (this means that both metric and structure tensor are parallel towards this connection) andF−holomorphically semi-symmetric one, both with gra- dient generators. We have proved that both of these connections have curvature-like invariants which are both equal to product conformal cur- vature tensor. Here we shall consider the third connection from this family, namely, g-holomorphically semi-symmetric connection and find its curvature-like invariant.

AMS Mathematical Subject Classification(2010): 53A30, 53A40, 53B15, 53B20, 53B21

Key words and phrases: Locally product space, holomorphically semi- symmetric connection, K¨ahler-type identity, gradient generator.

1. Introduction

The geometrical motivation for such a consideration was the fact found in one of our previous papers ([9]), thatF−holomorphically semi-symmetric con- nection and (F, g)holomorphically semi-symmetric connection on a K¨ahler space with Norden metrics (or anti-K¨ahler space) have curvature-type invari- ants which are equal to one of its conformal invariants.

For such a reason, we have considered the same situation on a locally prod- uct space and we obtained an analogous result. In [10], we considered the third connection from such a group on anti-K¨ahler space and found its curvature-type invariant. In [11], we considered situation on locally product spaces, which is analogous to the situation in [9] and got similar results.

The papers [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12] also helped us in consideration of this problem.

It is well-known that a locally product space is ann−dimensional manifold Mn with a (positive definite) metric (gij), which is called a Riemannian space and with structure tensor fieldFji̸=δji,satisfying conditions

FsiFjs=δij, gstFisFjt=gij, kFji= 0,

where denotes the operator of covariant derivative towards to Levi-Civita connection.

1Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia, e-mail: [email protected]

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If we set gisFjs=Fij,then it is clear that the covariant structure tensor is symmetric and parallel towards the Levi-Civita connection. In any neighbor- hood of any point of a locally product space, its metric tensor can be expressed in the form

(1.1) ds2=gαβ(xi)dxαdxβ+grs(xi)dxrdxs,

whereα, β= 1, ..., p;r, s=p+ 1, ..., p+q=n(n= dimMn),or, equivalently,

(1.2) (gij) =

( gαβ 0

0 grs )

and then its tangent space is a product of two tangent subspaces of dimensions pandq.Then the structure tensor in such a coordinate system has the form

(1.3) (Fji) =

( δαβ 0 0 −δrs

) ,

or, for its covariant form

(1.4) (Fij) =

( gαβ 0

0 −grs

) .

If in the expression (1.1) the conditionsgαβ =gαβ(xγ) and grs=grs(xt) are satisfied, then the spaceMn is called a locally decomposable space.

There are several papers dedicated to locally product spaces (see, e. g.

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12], which were interesting and useful for our consideration), but not so many in last fifteen years. Maybe this angle of consideration is a convenient way to make such kind of spaces rekindle again. It may also be interesting to treat a special case when the considered space is a product of semi-Riemannian or Riemannian spaces of constant curvature ([2, 3]).

The connection with coefficients (1.5) Γijk={i

jk

}−pjδki +pigjk+qjFki−qiFjk,

whereqj =paFja,is ag−connection; moreover, its torsion tensor is of the form (1.6) −pjδki +pkδji+qjFki−qkFji,

which is the reason to call it a holomorphically semi-symmetric connection.

Besides, holds

(1.7) Kijkl=FirFjsKrskl

and this is a K¨ahler-type condition for Riemann-Christoffel tensor.

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2. The curvature tensor of a g holomorphically semi-symmetric connection and its algebraic properties

Taking into account (1.5) , we can calculate the curvature tensor for such connection. We obtain that, after lowering the upper index, holds,

Rijkl = Kijkl+gilpkj−gikplj+gjkpli−gjlpki

(2.1)

−Filqkj+Fikqlj−Fjkqli+Fjlqki, where

pkj = kpj+pkpj−qkqj1

2psppgkj+1

2psqsFkj, (2.2)

qkj = kqj+qkpj−pkqj+1

2pspsFkj1

2psqsgkj. It is obvious that

(2.3) pkj= 2kpj−qkaFja and, consequently

(2.4) qkj= 2kqj−pkaFja.

Now we want the tensorRijkl to be an algebraic curvature tensor. Its compo- nent is skew-symmetric in last two indices by definition. Also, it is visible from (2.1) that its component is skew-symmetric in first two indices. Its components must also be invariant under changing places of the first and the second pair of indices. Then, we are getting

0 = gil(pkj−pjk)−gik(plj−pjl) +gjk(pli−pil) (2.5)

gjl(pki−pik) +Fik(qlj−qjl)−Fil(qkj−qjk) +Fjl(qki−qik)−Fjk(qli−qil).

If we transvect the upper equality bygil,we obtain

(n2)(pkj−pjk) +Fkl(qlj−qjl)−ψ(qkj−qjk) +Fji(qki−qik) = 0, where ψstands forp−q.If we take into account (2.3), then it holds that

(n3)(pkj−pjk) + 2(kpj− ∇jpk)−ψ(qkj−qjk)

= Fjaqak−Fkaqaj.

From (2.2), it holds thatkpj− ∇jpk=pkj−pjk; so, we obtain (2.6) (n1)(pkj−pjk)−ψ(qkj−qjk) =Fjaqak−Fkaqaj.

If we transvect (2.5) by Fil and take into account (2.4), we shall obtain that ψ(pkj−pjk)(n2)(qkj−qjk)

(2.7)

= Fkl(plj−pjl) +Fji(pki−pik).

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If we suppose that, like in [9, 10, 11], the generator (pi) is a gradient, thenpkj

will be a symmetric tensor. Then qkj is also a symmetric tensor (from (2.7)) and then the equality (2.6) is satisfied automatically. Besides, it holds that (2.8) kqj =jqk+ 2(qjpk−qkpj).

If we use the fact thatpkjandqkjare symmetric tensors, then it is easy to prove that the tensor (2.1) satisfies the first Bianchi identity. So, we have proved that the following theorem holds.

Theorem 2.1. If the generator ofg−holomorphically semi-symmetric connec- tion on an almost product space is a gradient, then the curvature tensor Rijkl

(satisfying (2.1)), of such connection is an algebraic curvature tensor.

In our following considerations, we would suppose that such a condition is satisfied.

3. Some scalar functions and tensors which are connected with a g holomorphically semi-symmetric connection

If we set

(3.1) Skj=pkpj−qkqj1

2pspsgkj+1

2psqsFkj, then, from (2.2), we have that

(3.2) pkj =kpj+Skj, qkj=Fjakpa−SkaFja.

The tensor Skj is a symmetric one; SkaFja is not symmetric. Also, we can notice that

Fjaqak=pkj2Skj. We also can calculate that

Sss = 1

2(ψpsqs−npsps);

(3.3)

SabFab = 1

2(npsqs−ψpsps);

SabFkaFjb = qkqj−pkpj1

2pspsgkj+1

2psqsFkj

= −Skj−pspsgkj+psqsFkj.

As for the curvature tensor of the connection (2.1) there is not satisfied the condition of K¨ahler type, but it is satisfied for Levi-Civita connection, we obtain that

Rijkl−FirFjsRrskl = 2(gilkpj−giklpj+gjklpi (3.4)

−gjlkpi)2(Filkqj−Fiklqj+ Fjklqi−Fjlkqi).

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Other eight terms from the expression (2.1) and fromFirFjsRrsklare cancelling out each other, as they containSkj andSkaFja.In our next considerations, we shall use abbreviations

RijklFil=Rjk; Rjkgjk=R; Ree=RjkFjk

and analogous abbreviations for curvature elements for the Levi-Civita connec- tion.

Transvecting (3.4) bygil, we are getting

Rjk−RskFjs = 2(n1)kpjkqj+ 2gjksps (3.5)

2Fjksqs+ 2Fkaaqj. If we transvect (3.5) by gjk,we obtain

R−Ree= 4nspssqs and, consequently

(3.6) n∇sps−ψ∇sqs= R−Ree 4 ,

which is an important relation between these two scalar functions. If we transvect the equality (3.4) by Fkj, we shall obtain an identity. We shall transvect the equality (3.4) byFil and obtain that

Rjk−RskFjs = 2(n1)kqj+ 2ψkpj2jqk

(3.7)

+2gjksqs2Fjksps.

If we transvect (3.7) byFjk,we obtain the relation (3.6) again; if we transvect it by gjk, we obtain an identity again. If we change places of indicesj andk in (3.7), we obtain

Rkj−RsjFks = 2(n1)jqk+ 2ψjpk2kqj

(3.8)

+2gkjsqs2Fkjsps.

Substracting (3.8) from (3.7) and taking into account that the tensor Rjk is symmetric, we obtain

RsjFks−RskFjs= 2(n2)(jqk− ∇kqj) and, consequently

(3.9) jqk =kqj−RskFjs−RsjFks 2(n2) . Substituting (3.9) into (3.7), we obtain

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2nkqj = n−1

n−2RskFjs 1

n−2RsjFks−Rkj+ 2ψkpj

+2gjksqs2Fjksps and, consequently

kqj = n−1

2n(n2)RskFjs RsjFks

2n(n2)−Rkj (3.10) 2n

+ψ

n∇kpj+sqs

n gkj−∇sps n Fkj. Applying the relationkpj=Fjakqa,we obtain

kpj = n−1

2n(n2)Rkj−RskFjs

2n RabFjbFka 2n(n2) (3.11)

+ψ

n∇kqj−∇sps

n gkj+sqs n Fkj.

If we substitute (3.10) into (3.11) and take into account (3.6), we shall obtain

kpj = 1

n2−ψ2[ n(n−1)

2n(n2)Rkj−n

2RskFjs−nRabFjbFka 2(n2) (3.12)

+ψ(n−1)

2(n2)RskFjs ψ

2(n2)RsjFks−ψ 2Rkj

−R−Ree

4 gjk ψ

4n(R−R)Fee jk] +λFjk,

kqj = 1

n2−ψ2[n(n−1)

2n(n2)RkaFja−n

2Rjk−nRajFka 2(n2) (3.13)

+ψ(n−1)

2(n2)Rjk ψ

2(n2)RabFjbFka−ψ 2RkaFja

−R−Ree

4 Fjk ψ

4n(R−R)gee jk] +λgjk,

where in both expressionsλstands for snqs,which cannot be eliminated.

If we use expressions (2.1) and (3.2), we can state that

Rijkl−gilkpj+giklpj−gjklpi+gjlkpi−Fjklqj (3.14)

+Filkqj−Fjlkqi+Fjklqi

=Kijkl+gilSjk−gikSlj+gjkSli−gjlSki+FilSkaFja

−FikSlaFja+FjkSlaFia−FjlSkaFia.

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Using (3.3), we can obtain

(3.15) SajFka=−SkaFja−pspsFkj+psqsgkj.

Using standard method, by transvecting the expression (3.14) for the curvature tensor first bygiland then bygjk and using (3.2), we obtain that

R−K

2 =n∇sps+n−2

2 (ψpsqs−npsps)−ψ∇sqs+ψ

2(npsqs−ψpsps).

From the upper equality, we obtain that (3.16) R−K

2 =n∇sps−ψ∇sqs+ψ(n−1)psqs((n2) +ψ2)) 2 psps. But, if we transvect (3.14) first bygil and then byFjk, we obtain that

R−K= 2(n2)SabFab+ 2ψSss, and, consequently, using (3.3),

R−K= (n(n2) +ψ2)psqs2ψ(n1)psps. If we set abbreviations

(3.17) ψ(n−1) =α; n(n−2) +ψ2=β, we are getting the relationship between scalar products

(3.18) psqs= R−K+ 2αpsps

β .

If we substitute (3.17) and (3.18) into (3.16), we obtain

(3.19) sps=R−K

2n −α(R−K) +ψ

n∇sqs+(β+ 2α)(β2α) 2nβ psps. Now we shall transvect (3.14) first byFil and after that byFjk and then use (3.3) and (3.18); we shall obtain that

(3.20) sps=Kee−Ree 2n +ψ

n∇sqs+α(R−K)

(β+ 2α)(β2α) 2nβ psps. Comparing (3.19) and (3.20), we shall obtain that

(3.21) psps= β

2(4α2−β2)(R−K+Ree−K)ee 4α(R−K) 2(4α2−β2) and, using (3.18)

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(3.22) psqs= α

2−β2(R−K+Ree−K)ee β

2−β2(R−K).

Using (3.3), we get that

Sss = 2ψα−nβ

4(4α2−β2)(R−K+Ree−K) +ee 2nα−ψβ

2(4α2−β2)(R−K);

(3.23)

SabFab = 2nα−ψβ

4(4α2−β2)(R−K+Ree−K) +ee 4ψα2nβ

4(4α2−β2)(R−K).

If we set

(3.24) µ= 2ψα−nβ

4(4α2−β2); ν= 2nα−ψβ 4(4α2−β2), then we obtain

Sss = µ(R−K+Ree−K) + 2ν(Ree −K);

(3.25)

SabFab = ν(R−K+Ree−K) + 2µ(Ree −K).

4. Calculating tensors S

kj

and S

ka

F

ja

We shall denote the tensor on the left-hand side of (3.14) by Lijkl. Using (3.12) and (3.13), we shall calculate it later. It is a curvature-like tensor, but not an algebraic curvature tensor and its final form will be rather long and complicated. So, we would rewrite (3.14) as

Lijkl = Kijkl+gilSjk−gikSlj+gjkSli−gjlSki+FilSkaFja (4.1)

−FikSlaFja+FjkSlaFia−FjlSkaFia. If we transvect (4.1) bygil,we obtain

(n4)Skj+ψSkaFja = Ljk−Kjk−gjk(Sss+psps) (4.2)

−Fjk(SabFab−psqs).

If we transvect (4.1) byFil and use (3.15), we obtain

ψSkj+ (n2)SkaFja = Ljk−Kjk−gkj(SabFab−psqs) (4.3)

−Fkj(Sss+psps),

where Ljk stands for LijklFil. The system of equations (4.2), (4.3) will give us thenecessary tensors. We are going to solve this system, temporarily using abbreviations

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(4.4) Sss+psps=γ; SabFab−psqs=δ.

Then the system will take the form

(n4)Skj+ψSkaFja = Ljk−Kjk−γgjk−δFjk, (4.5)

ψSkj+ (n2)SkaFja = Ljk−Kjk−δgjk−γFjk.

Solving this system of linear equations using the method od opposite coeffi- cients, we obtain

Skj = 1

(n2)(n4)−ψ2[(n2)(Ljk−Kjk)−ψ(Ljk−Kjk) (4.6)

((n2)γ−ψδ)gjk((n2)δ−ψγ)Fjk].

We can see that, in fact, calculating SkaFja from the system of linear equa- tions is unnecessary, because we can calculate it using their simple mutual relationship.

Now we shall calculate these scalar functions which are factors with metrics and structure. Using (4.4), (3.21), (3.22), (3.23) and (3.3), we obtain that

(n2)γ−ψδ = −β(n2)2−ψ2

4(4α2−β2) (R−K+Ree−K)ee (4.7)

+α(n2)2−ψ2

2−β2 (R−K);

(n2)δ−ψγ = α(n2)2−ψ2

2(4α2−β2) (R−K+Ree−K)ee

−β(n2)2−ψ2

2(4α2−β2) (R−K).

Substituting these scalar quantities in the expression (4.6), we obtain that

Skj = 1

(n2)(n4)−ψ2[(n2)(Ljk−Kjk)−ψ(Ljk−Kjk) (4.8)

+(n2)2−ψ2

4(4α2−β2) (β(R−K+Ree−K)ee 4α(R−K))gjk

(n2)2−ψ2

2(4α2−β2) (α(R−K+Ree−K)ee −β(R−K))Fjk].

Then, it is easy to calculate

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SkaFja = 1

(n2)(n4)−ψ2[(n2)(Lak−Kak)Fja (4.9)

−ψ(Lak−Kak)Fja +(n2)2−ψ2

4(4α2−β2) (β(R−K+Ree−K)ee 4α(R−K))Fkj

(n2)2−ψ2

2(4α2−β2) (α(R−K+Ree−K)ee −β(R−K))gkj].

5. Explicite calculating of tensors L

ijkl

, L

jk

, L

sk

F

js

, L

jk

, L

sk

F

js

The tensor on the left-hand side of (3.14) we have denoted by Lijkl. As we have calculated covariant derivatives of the generator and its image by the structure ((3.12), (3.13)), we can substitute them into this expression. Then, all the members of these expressions which are containingλare cancelling and we shall obtain

Lijkl= Rijkl 1

n2−ψ2[n(n−1)

2(n2)(gilRkj−gikRlj+gjkRli−gjlRki)

−n

2(gilRskFjs−gikRslFjs+gjkRslFis−gjlRskFis)

n

2(n2)(gilRabFjbFka−gikRabFjbFla+gjkRabFibFka

−gjlRabFkaFib) +ψ(n−1)

2(n2)(gilRskFjs−gikRslFjs+gjkRslFis−gjlRskFis)

ψ

2(n2)(gilRsjFks−gikRsjFls+gjkRsiFls−gjlRsiFks)

−ψ

2(gilRkj−gikRlj+gjkRli−gjlRki)−R−Ree

2 (gilgjk−gijglk)

ψ

4n(R−R)(gee ilFkj−gikFlj+gjkFli−gjlFki)]

+ 1

n2−ψ2[n(n−1)

2(n2)(FilRkaFja−FikRlaFja+FjkRlaFja

−FjlRkaFia)

−n

2(FilRkj−FikRlj+FjkRli−FjlRki) n

2(n2)(FilRajFka

−FikRajFla+FkjRaiFla−FjlRaiFla) +ψ(n−1)

2(n2)(RjkFil−FikRjl+FjkRil−FjlRik)

ψ

2(n2)(FilRabFjbFka−FikRabFjbFla+FjkRabFlaFib

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−FjlRabFkaFib)−ψ

2(FilRkaFja−FikRlaFja+FjkRlaFia

−FjlRkaFia)−R−Ree

2 (FilFkj−FikFlj)

ψ

4n(R−R)(Fee ilgjk−Fikgjl+Fjkgil−Fjlgik)].

It is not complicated to see that the eighth and the last row are cancelling each other out. If we change the sign of the second group of members, we obtain that

Lijkl= (5.1)

Rijkl 1

n2−ψ2[n(n−1)

2(n2)(gilRkj−gikRlj+gjkRli

−gjlRki+FikRlaFja−FilRkaFja+FjlRkaFia−FjkRlaFia)

−n

2(gilRskFjs−gikRslFjs+gjkRslFis−gjlRskFis +FikRlj−FilRkj+FjlRki−FjkRli)

n

2(n2)Rab(gilFjbFka−gikFjbFla+gjkFibFla−gjlFkaFib)

+ n

2(n2)(FilRajFka−FikRajFla+FjkRaiFla−FjlRaiFka) +ψ(n−1)

2(n2)(gilRskFjs−gikRslFjs+gjkRslFis−gjlRskFis +FikRjl−FilRkj+FjlRki−FjkRli)

ψ

2(n2)(gilRsjFks−gikRsjFls+gjkRsiFls−gjlRsiFks)

+ ψ

2(n2)Rab(FilFjbFka−FikFjbFla+FjkFibFla−FjlFibFka)

−ψ

2(gilRkj−gikRlj+gjkRli−gjlRki+FikRlaFja)

−FilRkaFja+FjlRkaFia−FjkRlaFia)

−R−Ree

2 (gilgkj−gikglj+FikFlj−FilFkj)].

Transvecting the expression (5.1) bygil,we obtain Ljk=

(5.2)

Rjk 1

n2−ψ2[(n2

2 −ψ2(n1) 2(n2) )Rjk

2(n2)RkaFja+

2(n2)RjaFka +ψ(ψ−n+ 2)

2(n2) RabFjaFkb+ψ2−n(n−1) 2 RakFja

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−n

2RajFka−ψ(n−1)

2 Rkj+ (R−R)gee jk−ψ(R−R)Fee jk] and, consequently

LskFjs= (5.3)

RskFjs 1

n2−ψ2[(n2

2 −ψ2(n1) 2(n2) )RksFjs

2(n2)Rkj+

2(n2)RsaFkaFjs +ψ(ψ−n+ 2)

2(n2) RjbFkb+ψ2−n(n−1)

2 Rjk

−n

2RasFkaFjs−ψ(n−1) 2 RksFjs + (R−R)Fee kj−ψ(R−R)gee kj].

In the same way, we can calculate components of tensors Ljk = LijklFil andLskFjs,which will also be necessary for the invariant.

6. Calculating the curvature-type invariant of g holomorphically semi-symmetric connection on a locally product space

We shall use (4.1) to calculate the curvature-type invariant. As we already have calculated tensorsSkjandSkaFja,we shall substitute (4.8) and (4.9) into the right-hand side of (4.1) and obtain

Lijkl= (6.1)

Kijkl+ 1

(n2)(n4)−ψ2{(n2)[(Ljk−Kjk)gil

(Ljl−Kjl)gik+ (Lil−Kil)gjk(Lik−Kik)gjl]

−ψ[(Ljk−Kjk)gil(Ljl−Kjl)gik

+ (Lil−Kil)gjk(Lik−Kik)gjl] +(n2)2−ψ2

2(4α2−β2) [β(R−K+Ree−K)ee 4α(R−K)](gilgjk−gikgjl)

(n2)2−ψ2

2(4α2−β2) [α(R−K+Ree−K)ee −β(R−K)]· (gilFkj−gikFlj+gjkFli−gjlFki)

+ (n2)[(Lak−Kak)FjaFil(Lal−Kal)FjaFik + (Lal−Kal)FiaFjk(Lak−Kak)FiaFjl]

−ψ[(Lak−Kak)FjaFil(Lal−Kal)FjaFik + (Lal−Kal)FiaFjk(Lak−Kak)FiaFjl

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+(n2)2−ψ2

2(4α2−β2) [β(R−K+Ree−K)ee 4α(R−K)](FilFjk−FikFjl)

(n2)2−ψ2

2(4α2−β2) [α(R−K+Ree−K)ee −β(R−K)]·

·(Filgjk−Fikgjl+Fjkgil−Fjlgik).

When we put all tensors and scalars which are depending on curvature tensor of g−holomorphically semi-symmetric connection on the left-hand side and the same objects which are depending on the curvature tensor of the Levi- Civita connection, we obtain:

Lijkl 1

(n2)(n4)−ψ2{((n2)Ljk−ψLjk)gil

(6.2)

((n2)Ljl−ψLjl)gik+ ((n2)Lil−ψLil)gjk

((n2)Lik−ψLik)gjl+ ((n2)Lak−ψLak)FjaFil

((n2)Lal−ψLal)FjaFik+ ((n2)Lal−ψLal)FiaFjk

((n2)Lak−ψLak)FiaFjl +(n2)2−φ2

2(4α2−β2) [β(R+R)ee 4αR]·(gilgjk−gikgjl+FilFjk−FikFlj)

(n2)2−φ2

2(4α2−β2) [α(R+R)ee −βR]·(gilFkj−gikFlj+gjkFli−gjlFki)

=Kijkl 1

(n2)(n4)−ψ2{((n2)Kjk−ψKjk)gil

((n2)Kjl−ψKjl)gik+ ((n2)Kil−ψKil)gjk

((n2)Kik−ψKik)gjl+ ((n2)Kak−ψKak)FjaFil

((n2)Kal−ψKal)FjaFik+ ((n2)Kal−ψKal)FiaFjk

((n2)Kak−ψKak)FiaFjl +(n2)2−φ2

2(4α2−β2) [β(K+K)ee 4αK]·(gilgjk−gikgjl+FilFjk−FikFlj)

(n2)2−φ2

2(4α2−β2) [α(K+K)ee −βK]·(gilFkj−gikFlj+gjkFli−gjlFki).

So, we have proved that the following theorem holds.

Theorem 6.1. If the curvature tensor of ag−holomorphically semi-symmetric connection of a locally product space is an algebraic curvature tensor, then the tensor on the left-hand side of (6.2) (tensor quantities appearing in this formula are given by (3.14)and (5.1)to (5.3)) is independent on the choice of its generator.

The tensor on the left-hand side of (6.2) is said to be a curvature-type invariant of a g−holomorphically semi-symmetric connection.

参照

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