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JAXA Repository AIREX: 圧縮性Euler方程式の有限体積法計算における流れと格子の斜交による影響について

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宇宙航空研究開発機構研究開発報告

JAXA Research and Development Report

圧縮性Euler方程式の有限体積法計算における流れと格子の

斜交による影響について

A Discussion on the Effect of Computational Mesh Oblique to Stream

相曽 秀昭

Hideaki AISO

2018年3月

(2)

૬ી लত

Keywords: Conservation Law, Compressible Euler Equations, Finite Volume Method, Numerical

Viscosity, Computational Grid

֓ཁ

CFDܭࢉͷେن໛Խ΍ҰൠԽʹ൐͍௚ަߏ଄֨ࢠ͕޿͘ར༻͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔɻͦͷཧ༝ͱͯ͠͸

ܭࢉର৅ͷ෺ମ΍ྲྀମݱ৅ʹద߹ͨ֨͠ࢠͷ࡞੒ʹ͔͔Δඅ༻తɾ࣌ؒతίετɺܭࢉ࣮ߦ࣌ͷܭࢉ଎౓ʹ ͓͚Δߏ଄֨ࢠͷ༏Ґ͞౳͕͋͛ΒΕΔɻ͔͠͠ɺ௚ަߏ଄֨ࢠͷ໌Β͔ͳܽ఺ͱͯ͠ྲྀΕͷํ޲΍িܸ೾ ໘౳ͷྲྀମݱ৅͕֨ࢠͱͷࣼަʹΑΓ֨ࢠʹద߹͠ͳ͍৔߹ʹ͸਺஋తͳಷԽ౳ͷෆ౎߹͕ൃੜ͢Δࣄ΋Α

͘஌ΒΕΔɻ͜ΕΒͷݱ৅ͷઆ໌ͱͯ͠“਺஋೪ੑ”ͱ͍͏Ωʔϫʔυ͕Α͘༻͍ΒΕΔɻͦͷΑ͏ͳઆ໌

Ͱ΋ݱ৅࿦తʹ͸͋Δఔ౓ͷઆ໌͕Ͱ͖ɺෆ౎߹ൃੜͷػߏʹ͍ͭͯͦΕͳΓͷཧղΛ༩͑Δ໘͸͋Δ͕ɺ ະͩʹ਺ֶతͳಓ۩͕ෆे෼ͳࣄ΋͋Γɺे෼ʹ໌շͳઆ໌ʹ͸ࢸ͍ͬͯͳ͍৔߹΋ଟ͍ɻ͜ͷΑ͏ͳݱঢ় Ͱ͸ɺ਺஋ܭࢉͰੜ͡Δෆ౎߹ͷͦΕͧΕʹ͍ͭͯͦͷൃੜػߏͷ਺ཧతߟ࡯ΛࢼΈΔ͜ͱ΋े෼ʹҙຯ͕

͋Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɻ͜͜Ͱ͸ɺ1ͭͷࢼΈͱͯ͠ɺྲྀΕͷํ޲͕֨ࢠɺΑΓݫີʹݴ͑͹༗ݶମੵؒͷڥք

໘ɺʹࣼަ͢ΔࣄʹΑͬͯ਺஋తʹ͸ͲͷΑ͏ͳޮՌ͕ੜ͍ͯ͡Δͷ͔Λ࿦ͣΔɻ

Ωʔϫʔυ:อଘଇɺѹॖੑEulerํఔࣜɺ༗ݶମੵ๏ɺ਺஋೪ੑɺܭࢉ֨ࢠ

͸͡Ίʹ

ड෇

Ӊ஦ߤۭݚڀ։ൃػߏ ߤۭٕज़෦໳ ਺஋ղੳٕज़ݚڀϢχοτ doi: 10.20637/JAXA-RR-17-012/0001

* 平成

30年2月6日受付(Received February 6, 2018) *1 航空技術部門 数値解析技術研究ユニット

(Numerical Simulation Research Unit, Aeronautical Technology Directorate)

ABSTRACT

A Discussion on the Effect of Computational Mesh Oblique to Stream

相曽秀昭

by

Hideaki AISO

*1

(3)

ຊߘͰ͸ѹॖੑEulerํఔࣜͷ༗ݶମੵ๏਺஋ܭࢉʹ͓͍ͯɺྲྀΕํ޲͕ܭࢉ֨ࢠʹࣼަ͢Δ৔߹ʹ਺஋ ܭࢉ݁ՌͷಷԽ͕ੜ͡Δݱ৅ʹ͍ͭͯͷղੳͷࢼΈΛใࠂ͢Δɻ

ݱ࣮ͷྲྀମݱ৅Λѻ͏CFDʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɺ͜ͷΑ͏ͳෆ౎߹ͷ͔ͳΓͷ෦෼͸ྲྀઢ΍িܸ೾໘౳ͷྲྀମݱ

৅ʹద߹ͨ͠ܭࢉ֨ࢠΛ༻͍Δ͜ͱʹΑΓճආ͕ՄೳͰ͋Γɺ20ੈل൒͹ͷCFDͷ๖ժͷޙʹ1960೥୅

͔Β࢝·ΔCFDͷൃల֦େ(ܭࢉ๏ͷൃలɺܭࢉର৅ͷ֦େ)ͷ࣌ظʹ͓͍ͯ͸ຊߘͰ࿦͡Δෆ౎߹΁ͷର

ॲͷखஈ͸ܭࢉ֨ࢠ΁ͷݱ৅ͷద߹Ͱ͋ͬͯɺෆ౎߹ࣗମ͕਺ཧతͳղੳͷର৅ͱͳΔࣄ͸ຆͲͳ͔ͬͨΑ ͏Ͱ͋Δɻ࣮ࡍɺͦͷΑ͏ͳ؍఺͔Βͷٞ࿦Λѻ͍ͬͯΔจݙ΋͋·ΓଘࡏͤͣɺͦͷΑ͏ͳ਺஋ݱ৅͕ٞ ࿦ʹݱΕΔͷ͸ɺܭࢉ֨ࢠͷൺֱͱ͍͏؍఺͔ΒͰ͋ͬͨͱࢥΘΕΔɻ

͔͠͠ɺݸʑͷܭࢉʹద߹ͨ֨͠ࢠͷ࡞੒ʹ͸අ༻(࿑ྗ)΍͕࣌ؒඞཁͰɺ͔ͭͦͷ඼࣭֬อʹ͸ଐਓత

ͳϊ΢ϋ΢΋͠͹͠͹ඞཁͱ͞ΕΔɻ21ੈلʹೖΓݦஶʹͳ͍ͬͯΔɺCFDͷద༻ͷҰൠԽɺղੳͷେن

໛Խɺܭࢉ݅਺ͷඈ༂త૿Ճͱ͍͏؀ڥͷதͰ͸ɺݸʑͷ਺஋ܭࢉʹద߹ͨ֨͠ࢠ͕ར༻͞ΕΔׂ߹͸ݮগ ͠ɺ௚ަ֨ࢠͷར༻ͷׂ߹͕૿େ͍ͯ͠Δɻ͜ͷΑ͏ͳঢ়گԼʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɺྲྀମݱ৅͕֨ࢠʹద߹͍ͯ͠ͳ

͍৔߹ͷ਺஋తͳෆ౎߹(਺஋ܭࢉ݁ՌͰͷಷԽ΍࣌ʹ͸׈Β͔͞ͷ૕ࣦ)ͷੜ੒ػߏͷղੳ΍ͦͷղܾ๏ͷ

ఏҊͷॏཁੑ͕૿େ͍ͯ͠Δɻ

਺஋ܭࢉ݁ՌͷಷԽͷઆ໌ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɺҰൠతʹ਺஋೪ੑͱ͍͏༻ޠ͕༻͍ΒΕɺݱ৅࿦త·ͨײ֮తʹ ͸ൺֱత෼͔Γқ͍આ໌Λ༩͑ɺ·ͨܭࢉͷվྑʹ͓͍ͯ΋͋Δఔ౓͸༗ӹͳ֓೦Ͱ͋Δɻʢٯʹݴ͑͹ɺ ͜ͷΑ͏ͳཧ༝Ͱ਺஋೪ੑͳΔ༻ޠ͕޿͘༻͍ΒΕ͖ͯͨͱ΋ݴ͑Δɻʣ

͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɺ਺஋೪ੑͳΔ༻ޠ͸ৗʹҰൠత͔ͭݫີͳఆٛΛ༩͑ΒΕ͍ͯΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺఆٛͳ͠ʹ ༻͍ΒΕΔ͜ͱ΋ଟ͍ɻ΋ͪΖΜຆͲͷ৔߹͸͋Δఔ౓ͷٞ࿦͕੒ཱ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰɺա౓ʹ໰୊ࢹ͢Δࣄ͸ ͳ͍ͱࢥΘΕΔɻ͔͠͠਺஋ܭࢉͰͷෆ౎߹ͷൃੜػߏͷڀ໌ʹ͸े෼ͱݴ͑ͳ͍ࣄ΋͔֬Ͱ͋Δɻ·ͨɺ ਺஋೪ੑʢ·ͨ͸਺஋೪ੑ܎਺ʣʹఆٛʢٞ࿦ʹΑΓҟͳΔఆ͕ٛฒཱ͍ͯ͠ΔʣΛ༩͑ͯͷ਺ֶతͳٞ࿦ ͷେ൒͸ɺTaylorల։ʹج͘ଧ੾ΓޡࠩղੳΛߦ͍ͳ͕ΒͷModified Equationʢద౰ͳ࣍਺·Ͱͷޡࠩ ߲΋ߟྀͨ͠ඍ෼ํఔࣜʣɺઢܗอଘଇͷ਺஋ܭࢉ๏ɺ΋͘͠͸ैଐม਺͕εΧϥʔͰ͋ΔεΧϥʔอଘଇ ͷ਺஋ܭࢉ๏Ͱͷٞ࿦1

ʹؔΘΔ΋ͷͰ͋Δ͔ɺ·ͨ͸ɺεΧϥʔอଘଇͰͷٞ࿦Λඇઢܗอଘଇͷܥ(ैଐ

ม਺͕ෳ਺ݸ)ʹઢܗతͳٞ࿦Ͱ֦ு͢Δ৔߹ͷ΋ͷͰ͋Δɻͭ·Γɺྲྀମݱ৅͕֨ࢠ΁ͷෆద߹ʹΑΓޡ

͕ࠩੜ͡ΔػߏΛ௚઀తʹղੳ͢ΔΑ͏ͳٞ࿦͸͋·Γݟ౰ͨΒͳ͍ɻ

ѹॖੑEulerํఔࣜͷ༗ݶମੵ๏ʹΑΔܭࢉͰྲྀΕͷํ޲͕֨ࢠʹద߹͠ͳ͍ࣄʹΑΔ਺஋తͳޮՌΛߟ

࡯͍ͨ͠ɻʮྲྀΕͱ֨ࢠ͕ࣼަʯͳΔԾఆ͸ΑΓݫີʹ͸ྲྀମͷ଎౓ϕΫτϧͱ༗ݶମੵಉ࢜ͷڥք໘ʢݕ ࠪ໘ͱ΋ݺ͹ΕΔʣͱ͕ࣼަ͍ͯ͠Δʢ௚ަͰ΋ฏߦͰ΋ͳ͍ʣͱ͍͏ࣄͰ͋Δɻ·ͨɺຊߘͷٞ࿦Ͱ͸༗ ݶମੵ๏Ͱ֤ݕࠪ໘ͰͷྲྀଋΛఆΊΔํ๏ʹ͍ͭͯݫີRiemannղ2ʹج͘

Godunov๏ۙࣅ3

[2]ʹݶఆ͢ Δ͕ɺ༗ݶମੵ๏ͷݪཧٴͼอଘଇͷղͷੑ࣭ʹؑΈͯ͜ͷݶఆ͸ଥ౰ͳ΋ͷ͋Γɺٞ࿦ͷҰൠੑΛେ͖͘ ࣦ͏΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɻ

࣍અͰ͸͜ͷΑ͏ͳঢ়گͰɺݕࠪ໘ʹ͓͚Δྲྀଋʢ༗ݶମੵ๏ʹ͓͚Δ਺஋ྲྀଋʣ͕ͲͷΑ͏ʹఆΊΒΕ

Δ͔Λ؍࡯͢Δɻͳ͓ɺຊߘͰ͸2࣍ݩͷ৔߹Λߟ࡯͢Δ͕ɺ͜ΕΒͷߟ࡯͸3࣍ݩͷ৔߹ʹ༰қʹ֦ு͞

ΕΔɻ

2

ѹॖੑ

Euler

ํఔࣜͷ༗ݶମੵ๏

ѹॖੑEulerํఔࣜ͸ɺ೚ҙମੵΩ಺ͷอଘྔͰ͋Δ࣭ྔɺӡಈྔɺશΤωϧΪʔͦΕͧΕͷ૯࿨ͷ͋Δ

࣌ؒ಺ͰͷมԽ͕ͦͷ࣌ؒ಺ʹ֤อଘྔͷڥք∂ΩΛ௨ͯ͡ग़ೖΓ͢Δྔ(֤อଘྔͷྲྀଋ)ʹ౳͍͠ͱ͍͏ ݪཧ͔Βಋ͔ΕΔɻ

࣌ؒมԽ͸ඍ෼Ͱه͢͜ͱʹ͢Ε͹ɺ୯Ґମੵ౰ͨΓͷ࣭ྔρɺӡಈྔρV ʢV ͸଎౓ϕΫτϧͱ͢Δʣɺ

1

[4]౳͕͋Δɻ[1]΋਺஋೪ੑͱࠩ෼ۙࣅͷؔ܎Λ࿦͍ͯ͡Δɻ 2

෺ཧతͳিܸ೾؅໰୊ͷݫີղ͸ଟ͘ͷྲྀମྗֶͷڭՊॻʹ͋Δ͕ɺҰൠతͳ΋ͷͱͯ͠͸ྫ͑͹[3]Λࢀরͷ͜ͱ 3

Riemann໰୊ͷݫີղΛར༻͢Δͷ͕Godunov๏Ͱ͋Δ͕ɺۙࣅղΛར༻͢ΔGodunovత(Godunov-like)౳ͱݺ͹ΕΔҰ ܈ͷ਺஋ܭࢉ๏΋߹Θͤͯࢀর͢ΔͷͰ͋Ε͹[5]౳΋Α͍ɻ

1

はじめに

(4)

ຊߘͰ͸ѹॖੑ ํఔࣜͷ༗ݶମੵ๏਺஋ܭࢉʹ͓͍ͯɺྲྀΕํ޲͕ܭࢉ֨ࢠʹࣼަ͢Δ৔߹ʹ਺஋ ܭࢉ݁ՌͷಷԽ͕ੜ͡Δݱ৅ʹ͍ͭͯͷղੳͷࢼΈΛใࠂ͢Δɻ

ݱ࣮ͷྲྀମݱ৅Λѻ͏ ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɺ͜ͷΑ͏ͳෆ౎߹ͷ͔ͳΓͷ෦෼͸ྲྀઢ΍িܸ೾໘౳ͷྲྀମݱ

৅ʹద߹ͨ͠ܭࢉ֨ࢠΛ༻͍Δ͜ͱʹΑΓճආ͕ՄೳͰ͋Γɺ ੈل൒͹ͷ ͷ๖ժͷޙʹ ೥୅

͔Β࢝·Δ ͷൃల֦େ ܭࢉ๏ͷൃలɺܭࢉର৅ͷ֦େ ͷ࣌ظʹ͓͍ͯ͸ຊߘͰ࿦͡Δෆ౎߹΁ͷର

ॲͷखஈ͸ܭࢉ֨ࢠ΁ͷݱ৅ͷద߹Ͱ͋ͬͯɺෆ౎߹ࣗମ͕਺ཧతͳղੳͷର৅ͱͳΔࣄ͸ຆͲͳ͔ͬͨΑ ͏Ͱ͋Δɻ࣮ࡍɺͦͷΑ͏ͳ؍఺͔Βͷٞ࿦Λѻ͍ͬͯΔจݙ΋͋·ΓଘࡏͤͣɺͦͷΑ͏ͳ਺஋ݱ৅͕ٞ ࿦ʹݱΕΔͷ͸ɺܭࢉ֨ࢠͷൺֱͱ͍͏؍఺͔ΒͰ͋ͬͨͱࢥΘΕΔɻ

͔͠͠ɺݸʑͷܭࢉʹద߹ͨ֨͠ࢠͷ࡞੒ʹ͸අ༻ ࿑ྗ ΍͕࣌ؒඞཁͰɺ͔ͭͦͷ඼࣭֬อʹ͸ଐਓత

ͳϊ΢ϋ΢΋͠͹͠͹ඞཁͱ͞ΕΔɻ ੈلʹೖΓݦஶʹͳ͍ͬͯΔɺ ͷద༻ͷҰൠԽɺղੳͷେن

໛Խɺܭࢉ݅਺ͷඈ༂త૿Ճͱ͍͏؀ڥͷதͰ͸ɺݸʑͷ਺஋ܭࢉʹద߹ͨ֨͠ࢠ͕ར༻͞ΕΔׂ߹͸ݮগ ͠ɺ௚ަ֨ࢠͷར༻ͷׂ߹͕૿େ͍ͯ͠Δɻ͜ͷΑ͏ͳঢ়گԼʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɺྲྀମݱ৅͕֨ࢠʹద߹͍ͯ͠ͳ ͍৔߹ͷ਺஋తͳෆ౎߹ ਺஋ܭࢉ݁ՌͰͷಷԽ΍࣌ʹ͸׈Β͔͞ͷ૕ࣦ ͷੜ੒ػߏͷղੳ΍ͦͷղܾ๏ͷ ఏҊͷॏཁੑ͕૿େ͍ͯ͠Δɻ ਺஋ܭࢉ݁ՌͷಷԽͷઆ໌ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɺҰൠతʹ਺஋೪ੑͱ͍͏༻ޠ͕༻͍ΒΕɺݱ৅࿦త·ͨײ֮తʹ ͸ൺֱత෼͔Γқ͍આ໌Λ༩͑ɺ·ͨܭࢉͷվྑʹ͓͍ͯ΋͋Δఔ౓͸༗ӹͳ֓೦Ͱ͋Δɻʢٯʹݴ͑͹ɺ ͜ͷΑ͏ͳཧ༝Ͱ਺஋೪ੑͳΔ༻ޠ͕޿͘༻͍ΒΕ͖ͯͨͱ΋ݴ͑Δɻʣ ͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɺ਺஋೪ੑͳΔ༻ޠ͸ৗʹҰൠత͔ͭݫີͳఆٛΛ༩͑ΒΕ͍ͯΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺఆٛͳ͠ʹ ༻͍ΒΕΔ͜ͱ΋ଟ͍ɻ΋ͪΖΜຆͲͷ৔߹͸͋Δఔ౓ͷٞ࿦͕੒ཱ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰɺա౓ʹ໰୊ࢹ͢Δࣄ͸ ͳ͍ͱࢥΘΕΔɻ͔͠͠਺஋ܭࢉͰͷෆ౎߹ͷൃੜػߏͷڀ໌ʹ͸े෼ͱݴ͑ͳ͍ࣄ΋͔֬Ͱ͋Δɻ·ͨɺ ਺஋೪ੑʢ·ͨ͸਺஋೪ੑ܎਺ʣʹఆٛʢٞ࿦ʹΑΓҟͳΔఆ͕ٛฒཱ͍ͯ͠ΔʣΛ༩͑ͯͷ਺ֶతͳٞ࿦

ͷେ൒͸ɺ ల։ʹج͘ଧ੾ΓޡࠩղੳΛߦ͍ͳ͕Βͷ ʢద౰ͳ࣍਺·Ͱͷޡࠩ

߲΋ߟྀͨ͠ඍ෼ํఔࣜʣɺઢܗอଘଇͷ਺஋ܭࢉ๏ɺ΋͘͠͸ैଐม਺͕εΧϥʔͰ͋ΔεΧϥʔอଘଇ ͷ਺஋ܭࢉ๏Ͱͷٞ࿦ ʹؔΘΔ΋ͷͰ͋Δ͔ɺ·ͨ͸ɺεΧϥʔอଘଇͰͷٞ࿦Λඇઢܗอଘଇͷܥ ैଐ ม਺͕ෳ਺ݸ ʹઢܗతͳٞ࿦Ͱ֦ு͢Δ৔߹ͷ΋ͷͰ͋Δɻͭ·Γɺྲྀମݱ৅͕֨ࢠ΁ͷෆద߹ʹΑΓޡ ͕ࠩੜ͡ΔػߏΛ௚઀తʹղੳ͢ΔΑ͏ͳٞ࿦͸͋·Γݟ౰ͨΒͳ͍ɻ

ѹॖੑ ํఔࣜͷ༗ݶମੵ๏ʹΑΔܭࢉͰྲྀΕͷํ޲͕֨ࢠʹద߹͠ͳ͍ࣄʹΑΔ਺஋తͳޮՌΛߟ

࡯͍ͨ͠ɻʮྲྀΕͱ֨ࢠ͕ࣼަʯͳΔԾఆ͸ΑΓݫີʹ͸ྲྀମͷ଎౓ϕΫτϧͱ༗ݶମੵಉ࢜ͷڥք໘ʢݕ ࠪ໘ͱ΋ݺ͹ΕΔʣͱ͕ࣼަ͍ͯ͠Δʢ௚ަͰ΋ฏߦͰ΋ͳ͍ʣͱ͍͏ࣄͰ͋Δɻ·ͨɺຊߘͷٞ࿦Ͱ͸༗

ݶମੵ๏Ͱ֤ݕࠪ໘ͰͷྲྀଋΛఆΊΔํ๏ʹ͍ͭͯݫີ ղ ʹج͘ ๏ۙࣅ ʹݶఆ͢

Δ͕ɺ༗ݶମੵ๏ͷݪཧٴͼอଘଇͷղͷੑ࣭ʹؑΈͯ͜ͷݶఆ͸ଥ౰ͳ΋ͷ͋Γɺٞ࿦ͷҰൠੑΛେ͖͘ ࣦ͏΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɻ

࣍અͰ͸͜ͷΑ͏ͳঢ়گͰɺݕࠪ໘ʹ͓͚Δྲྀଋʢ༗ݶମੵ๏ʹ͓͚Δ਺஋ྲྀଋʣ͕ͲͷΑ͏ʹఆΊΒΕ Δ͔Λ؍࡯͢Δɻͳ͓ɺຊߘͰ͸ ࣍ݩͷ৔߹Λߟ࡯͢Δ͕ɺ͜ΕΒͷߟ࡯͸ ࣍ݩͷ৔߹ʹ༰қʹ֦ு͞ ΕΔɻ

ѹॖੑ

ํఔࣜͷ༗ݶମੵ๏

ѹॖੑ ํఔࣜ͸ɺ೚ҙମੵ ಺ͷอଘྔͰ͋Δ࣭ྔɺӡಈྔɺશΤωϧΪʔͦΕͧΕͷ૯࿨ͷ͋Δ

࣌ؒ಺ͰͷมԽ͕ͦͷ࣌ؒ಺ʹ֤อଘྔͷڥք Λ௨ͯ͡ग़ೖΓ͢Δྔ ֤อଘྔͷྲྀଋ ʹ౳͍͠ͱ͍͏

ݪཧ͔Βಋ͔ΕΔɻ

࣌ؒมԽ͸ඍ෼Ͱه͢͜ͱʹ͢Ε͹ɺ୯Ґମੵ౰ͨΓͷ࣭ྔ ɺӡಈྔ ʢ ͸଎౓ϕΫτϧͱ͢Δʣɺ

౳͕͋Δɻ ΋਺஋೪ੑͱࠩ෼ۙࣅͷؔ܎Λ࿦͍ͯ͡Δɻ

෺ཧతͳিܸ೾؅໰୊ͷݫີղ͸ଟ͘ͷྲྀମྗֶͷڭՊॻʹ͋Δ͕ɺҰൠతͳ΋ͷͱͯ͠͸ྫ͑͹ Λࢀরͷ͜ͱ

໰୊ͷݫີղΛར༻͢Δͷ͕ ๏Ͱ͋Δ͕ɺۙࣅղΛར༻͢Δ త ౳ͱݺ͹ΕΔҰ

܈ͷ਺஋ܭࢉ๏΋߹Θͤͯࢀর͢ΔͷͰ͋Ε͹ ౳΋Α͍ɻ

શΤωϧΪʔeʹ͍ͭͯɺͦΕͧΕ

∂ ∂t ∫ Ω ρ+ ∫ ∂Ω

(ρV)·n= 0

∂ ∂t

(ρV) +

∂Ω

{(V ·n)(ρV) +pn}= 0

∂ ∂t ∫ Ω e+ ∫ ∂Ω

(e+p)(V ·n) = 0

(1)

ͷΑ͏ʹͳΔɻp͸ѹྗɺn͸∂Ωͷ֤఺ʹ͓͚Δ֎޲͖ͷ୯Ґ๏ઢϕΫτϧͰ͋Δɻ༗ݶମੵ๏΋(1)ͷ

ߟ͑ํʹ༝དྷ͢Δͱ΋ݴ͑ΔɻΑ͘஌ΒΕΔΑ͏ʹඍ෼ํఔࣜͷܗʹ΋มܗ͞Εɺۭؒ2࣍ݩͷx, y-௚ަ

࠲ඪܥͰͷอଘଇ

∂ ∂tU+

∂ ∂xF +

∂yG= 0 (2)

ʹ΋ͳΔɻ͜͜ͰɺU,F,G͸u, vΛͦΕͧΕ଎౓ϕΫτϧV ͷx-,y-੒෼ͱͯ͠

U =       ρ ρu ρv e      

,F =       ρu ρu2+p

ρuv u(e+p)

     

,G=       ρv ρuv ρv2+p

v(e+p)       (3)

Ͱ͋ΔɻF,G͸อଘଇҰൠͱͯ͠͸ྲྀଋʢؔ਺ʣͱݺ͹ΕΔɻ·ͨຊߘͰ͸ɺρ, e, pͷؔ܎͸ൺ೤ൺΛγ ͱ͢Δཧ૝ؾମͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛԾఆ͢Δɻଈͪɺ

p= (γ−1) (

e−1

2ρu 2 ) (4) ༗ݶମੵ๏Ͱ͸ɺܭࢉର৅ͷۭؒΛܺؒͳ͘༗ݶମੵʹ෼ׂ͠ɺ·ͨܭࢉର৅ͷ࣌ؒ΋े෼ʹখ͍۠ؒ͞ ʹ෼ׂ͢Δɻͦͯ͠ஞ࣍ͷ࣌ؒਐߦͰ֤࣌ؒ۠ؒຖʹྡ઀༗ݶମੵͷڥք໘Ͱ͋Δݕࠪ໘Λ௨ա͢Δ֤อଘ ྔͦΕͧΕͷྲྀଋΛۙࣅܭࢉ͠ɺͦΕΛ֤༗ݶମੵͷ֤อଘྔͷ౰֘࣌ؒ۠ؒͰͷมԽ෼ʹ൓өͤ͞Δɻ༗ ݶମੵ΁ͷ෼ׂͷࡍɺ֤ݕࠪ໘͸ۙࣅతʹ͸ฏΒͰ͋Δʢਅͬ௚͙Ͱۂ͕ͬͯ͸͍ͳ͍ʣͱ͢Δɻ

֤ݕࠪ໘Ͱͷྲྀଋ͸ɺ֤ݕࠪ໘྆ଆͷ༗ݶମੵͰͷอଘྔͷۙࣅ஋͔ΒಘΒΕΔRiemann໰୊Λղ͖ɺ

ݕࠪ໘্ͰͷอଘྔͷۙࣅΛఆΊͦΕΛݩʹྲྀଋͷ஋Λܭࢉ͢Δɻ۩ମతʹ͸ɺ͋Δ࣌ࠁ·Ͱܭࢉ݁Ռ͕ಘ

ΒΕͦͷ࣌఺͔Βͷ࣌ؒൃలΛߟ͑Δͱͯ͠ɺͦͷ࣌ࠁΛॳظ஋t = 0ͱ͓ͯ͘͠ɻ·ͨɺ͜ͷॳظt = 0

ͰUʹ͸֤༗ݶମੵ಺Ͱ͸U͕ఆ਺Ͱ͋Δ֊ஈঢ়ͷ෼෍ΛԾఆ͢Δɻ

͋Δݕࠪ໘Sʹ͍ͭͯɺSͱ௚ަ͢Δ࠲ඪ࣠ξ-࣠ʢSͱͷަ఺Λݪ఺ͱ͢Δʣɺξ-࣠ʹ௚ަ͢Δη-࣠ ΛͱΔɻSʹ͓͍ͯྡ઀͢Δ2ͭͷ༗ݶମੵΛD−,D+Ͱද͕͢ɺξ࠲ඪ͕ෛͰ͋ΔଆΛD−ɺਖ਼Ͱ͋Δଆ

ΛD+ͱ͢ΔɻU =U(ξ, t)ͷ1࣍ݩRiemann໰୊Λߟ͑Δɻ

∂ ∂tU+

∂ξF = 0,U = {

U−, ξ <0

U+, ξ >0 (5)

͜͜ͰɺϕΫτϧU,F ͷཁૉ͸(2)ͱಉ༷ʹ(3)ͷΑ͏ʹఆΊΒΕɺॳظ஋Λ༩͑ΔU−,U+ʹ͍ͭͯ͸

U±=       ρ± ρ±u± ρ±v± e±       ʢෳ߸ಉॱʣ (6)

(5)

(5)ʹ͸ξ/tʹґଘ͢Δ૬ࣅղ͕͋Δࣄ͕஌ΒΕΔ͕ɺͦͷݫີղ΋͘͠͸ۙࣅղU =U(ξ/t)ΛͱΓɺ ݕࠪ໘͸ξ= 0ʹ૬౰͢ΔͷͰξ/t= 0ʹԙ͚ΔUͷ஋

U(0) =

    

¯ ρ ¯ ρ¯u

¯ ρ¯v

¯ e

    

͔Βܭࢉͨ͠ྲྀଋؔ਺F ͷ஋

¯

F =

    

¯ ρ¯u ¯ ρ¯u2+ ¯p

¯ ρ¯u¯v ¯ u(¯e+ ¯p)

    

ʢͨͩ͠ɺp¯= (γ−1)(

¯ e−1

2ρ¯¯u 2)

ʣ

Λݕࠪ໘ʹ͓͚Δʢ୯Ґ໘ੵ͋ͨΓͷʣ਺஋ྲྀଋʢ਺஋ܭࢉͰ༻͍Δྲྀଋͷۙࣅ஋ʣͱ͢Δɻ

શͯͷݕࠪ໘Ͱͷ਺஋ྲྀଋ͕ఆ·Ε͹ɺ͋Δ༗ݶମੵDʹ͓͚ΔUͷ૯࿨ͷt= 0͔Βt= ∆t·Ͱͷม

Խྔ͸ɺ౰֘༗ݶମੵΛғΉશͯͷݕࠪ໘ͷ਺஋ྲྀଋF¯ʹݕࠪ໘ͷ໘ੵͱਐߦ͢Δ࣌ؒ∆tΛ৐ͨ͡΋ͷͷ

߹ܭʢͨͩ͠F¯ΛఆΊΔͨΊͷRiemann໰୊(5)ͰD͕ξ-࣠ͷෛͷଆͰ͋Δ৔߹͸F¯Λ1ഒͯ͠༻͍ ΔʣͱͳΔɻͦ͜Ͱɺ༗ݶମੵDʹ͓͚ΔUͷۙࣅ஋ͷ૿ݮ͸Uͷ૯࿨ͷ૿ݮ෼ΛDͷମੵ|D|Ͱআ͠ ͨ΋ͷͱͳΔɻଈͪɺ

ʢDʹ͓͚ΔUͷۙࣅ஋ͷ૿ݮʣ= 1 |D|·∆t

DΛғΉશͯͷݕࠪ໘

(ద੾ͳූ߸)×(ݕࠪ໘ͷ໘ੵ)×F¯.

Ҏ্ͷ༷ʹѹॖੑEulerํఔࣜͷ༗ݶମੵ๏ʹΑΔۙࣅܭࢉ͕༩͑ΒΕΔɻຊߘͰ͸Riemann໰୊(5)

ͷݫີղΛར༻͢ΔGodunov๏Ͱߟ࡯ΛਐΊΔɻ

࣍અͰ͸ݕࠪ໘͕଎౓ϕΫτϧͱࣼަ͢Δ৔߹ͷ਺஋ྲྀଋΛ؍࡯͢Δɻ

3

଎౓ϕΫτϧ͕ݕࠪ໘ʹࣼަ͢Δ৔߹ͷ਺஋ྲྀଋʢͦͷ

1

ʣ

ݕࠪ໘S͕͋Γͦͷ྆ଆͰ଎౓ϕΫτϧͷํ޲͸ಉҰͰ͋ΔͱԾఆ͢ΔɻSͷ๏ઢϕΫτϧͱ଎౓ϕΫτ

ϧͷͳ֯͢౓Λθʢ0< θ < π

2ʣͱ͢Δɻʢਤ1ࢀরʣ

ਤ1: ݕࠪ໘ʹࣼަ͢ΔྲྀΕ

͢Δͱɺ਺஋ྲྀଋΛఆΊΔͨΊͷRiemann໰୊(5)ͷॳظ৚݅(6)ʹ͓͍ͯ

(6)

ʹ͸ ʹґଘ͢Δ૬ࣅղ͕͋Δࣄ͕஌ΒΕΔ͕ɺͦͷݫີղ΋͘͠͸ۙࣅղ ΛͱΓɺ

ݕࠪ໘͸ ʹ૬౰͢ΔͷͰ ʹԙ͚Δ ͷ஋

͔Βܭࢉͨ͠ྲྀଋؔ਺ ͷ஋

ʢͨͩ͠ɺ ʣ

Λݕࠪ໘ʹ͓͚Δʢ୯Ґ໘ੵ͋ͨΓͷʣ਺஋ྲྀଋʢ਺஋ܭࢉͰ༻͍Δྲྀଋͷۙࣅ஋ʣͱ͢Δɻ

શͯͷݕࠪ໘Ͱͷ਺஋ྲྀଋ͕ఆ·Ε͹ɺ͋Δ༗ݶମੵ ʹ͓͚Δ ͷ૯࿨ͷ ͔Β ·Ͱͷม

Խྔ͸ɺ౰֘༗ݶମੵΛғΉશͯͷݕࠪ໘ͷ਺஋ྲྀଋ ʹݕࠪ໘ͷ໘ੵͱਐߦ͢Δ࣌ؒ Λ৐ͨ͡΋ͷͷ

߹ܭʢͨͩ͠ ΛఆΊΔͨΊͷ ໰୊ Ͱ ͕ ࣠ͷෛͷଆͰ͋Δ৔߹͸ Λ ഒͯ͠༻͍

ΔʣͱͳΔɻͦ͜Ͱɺ༗ݶମੵ ʹ͓͚Δ ͷۙࣅ஋ͷ૿ݮ͸ ͷ૯࿨ͷ૿ݮ෼Λ ͷମੵ Ͱআ͠

ͨ΋ͷͱͳΔɻଈͪɺ

ʢ ʹ͓͚Δ ͷۙࣅ஋ͷ૿ݮʣ

ΛғΉશͯͷݕࠪ໘

ద੾ͳූ߸ ݕࠪ໘ͷ໘ੵ

Ҏ্ͷ༷ʹѹॖੑ ํఔࣜͷ༗ݶମੵ๏ʹΑΔۙࣅܭࢉ͕༩͑ΒΕΔɻຊߘͰ͸ ໰୊

ͷݫີղΛར༻͢Δ ๏Ͱߟ࡯ΛਐΊΔɻ

࣍અͰ͸ݕࠪ໘͕଎౓ϕΫτϧͱࣼަ͢Δ৔߹ͷ਺஋ྲྀଋΛ؍࡯͢Δɻ

଎౓ϕΫτϧ͕ݕࠪ໘ʹࣼަ͢Δ৔߹ͷ਺஋ྲྀଋʢͦͷ ʣ

ݕࠪ໘ ͕͋Γͦͷ྆ଆͰ଎౓ϕΫτϧͷํ޲͸ಉҰͰ͋ΔͱԾఆ͢Δɻ ͷ๏ઢϕΫτϧͱ଎౓ϕΫτ

ϧͷͳ֯͢౓Λ ʢ ʣͱ͢Δɻʢਤ ࢀরʣ

ਤ ݕࠪ໘ʹࣼަ͢ΔྲྀΕ

͢Δͱɺ਺஋ྲྀଋΛఆΊΔͨΊͷ ໰୊ ͷॳظ৚݅ ʹ͓͍ͯ

͕Ծఆ͞ΕΔ͕ɺ͜ͷԾఆͷԼͰ΋Ұൠతʹ͸ξ-࣠ํ޲ͱη-࣠ํ޲ͷӡಈྔͷྲྀଋʢF¯ͷୈ2ɺୈ3ཁૉʣ

ͷൺ͕cosθ : sinθͰ͋Δͱ͸ݶΒͳ͍ɻͭ·ΓɺҰൠʹ͸ݕࠪ໘ʹ͓͚ΔӡಈྔྲྀଋʹΑΓ྆ଆͷ଎౓ϕ

ΫτϧʢӡಈྔϕΫτϧʣͷํ޲Λม͑ͯ͠·͏ɻ

࣮ࡍʹ͸༗ݶମੵΛғΉݕࠪ໘શͯʹ͓͚ΔྲྀଋʹΑΔࠩҾΛߟ͑ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɻਤ2ͷΑ͏ͳ௚ަ

ਖ਼ํ֨ࢠͷ৔߹Λߟ͑Δͱɺ͋Δ༗ݶମੵDCͱྡ઀͢Δ༗ݶମੵDN, DW, DS, DEͦΕͧΕͰͷUͷۙ ࣅ஋UC,UN,UW,UD,UEʹ͍ͭͯ଎౓ϕΫτϧʢӡಈྔϕΫτϧʣͷํ޲͕ಉҰͰ͋ͬͯ΋ɺҰൠతʹ

͸֤Dʹ͓͚Δ଎౓ϕΫτϧͷํ޲͸࣌ؒൃలͰมԽ͢Δɻ

ਤ2: ༗ݶମੵͷݕࠪ໘ͱྲྀΕͷࣼަ

͔͠͠ɺਤ3ͷΑ͏ʹ௚ަਖ਼ํ֨ࢠͰUC,UN,UW,US,UEͷ଎౓ϕΫτϧʢӡಈྔϕΫτϧʣͷํ޲ ͕શͯಉҰͰਖ਼ํܗͷର֯ઢํ޲Ͱ͋ΓɺUW = US,UN = UEͰ͋Δ৔߹ʹ͸ɺUCͷ଎౓ϕΫτϧ

ʢӡಈྔϕΫτϧʣͷํ޲͸มԽ͠ͳ͍ɻ

ਤ3: ಛผͳ৔߹ͷྫ

ͭ·Γɺਤ3ͷΑ͏ʹਖ਼ํܗDCͷྲྀΕͷํ޲͕ର֯ઢͷҰͭʹฏߦ͠ɺྡ઀༗ݶମੵͷঢ়گ΋ͦͷର֯

ઢʹ͍ͭͯର৅ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ৔߹ʹ͸DCͷ଎౓ϕΫτϧ͸มԽ͠ͳ͍ɻ

ͦ͜Ͱಛผͳ৔߹ʹ͸ͳΔ͕ɺશ༗ݶମੵͰྲྀΕͷํ޲͕ಉҰͰͦͷํ޲͸ਖ਼ํܗͷର֯ઢͷ1ͭʹฏ

(7)

ͳ৔߹ʹ͸ɺྲྀΕͷํ޲͸͕࣌ؒܦաͯ͠΋มԽ͠ͳ͍ɻ࣮͸ɺ͜ͷ࣌ྲྀମݱ৅ͱͯ͠͸2࣍ݩੑΛࣦ͍1 ࣍ݩతͳݱ৅ʹͳͬͯ͠·͍ͬͯΔɻ͔͠͠ɺͦͷҰํͰݕࠪ໘Ͱͷྲྀଋͷܾఆաఔ͕ղੳ͠қ͍ࣄ͕ظ଴ ͞ΕΔɻͦ͜Ͱ࣍અʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɺ͜ΕΛ֦ுͨ͠ঢ়گͰղੳΛਐΊΔɻ

4

଎౓ϕΫτϧ͕ݕࠪ໘ʹࣼަ͢Δ৔߹ͷ਺஋ྲྀଋʢͦͷ

2

ʣ

x, y-ฏ໘Λ

xcosθ+ysinθ= (2N+ 1) cosθ, N͸੔਺, (7)

xcosθ−ysinθ= (2N+ 1) cosθ, N͸੔਺, (8)

ͷ2܈ͷ౳ִؒฏߦઢ܈ʹΑΓ߹ಉͳඛܗʹ෼ׂ͢Δɻ(ਤ4)ͨͩ͠ɺ0< θ < π

2ͱ͢Δɻ

ਤ4: ඛܗͰͷ༗ݶମੵ෼ׂ

֤ඛܗͷ2ຊͷର֯ઢ͸x-࣠·ͨ͸y-࣠ʹฏߦͰ͋Γɺx-࣠ʹฏߦͳର֯ઢͷ௕͞͸2ɺy-࣠ʹฏߦ ͳର֯ઢͷ௕͞͸2/tanθͱͳΔɻ·ͨɺ֤ඛܗͷத৺ʢର֯ઢͷަ఺ʣͷ࠲ඪ͸(m, n/tanθ)ʢୠ͠m, n

͸ۮحͷҰக͢Δ2ͭͷ੔਺ʣͱͳΔͷͰɺ֤ඛܗʢ༗ݶମੵʣΛDm,nͰද͢͜ͱʹ͢Δɻ͜ΕΒɺ֤ඛ

ܗΛ༗ݶମੵͱͯ͠༗ݶମੵۙࣅΛߟ͑Δɻ

͜ͷ༗ݶମੵۙࣅΛ༻͍ͯɺྲྀମͷ෺ཧྔ͕ۭؒతʹ͸x-࠲ඪʹͷΈґଘͯ͠y-࠲ඪʹ͸ґଘͤͣɺ͔

ͭɺྲྀମͷ଎౓ϕΫτϧ͕ࢸΔॴͰx-࣠ʹฏߦͰ͋ΔΑ͏ͳ໰୊Λղ͘ɻͭ·Γ଎౓ϕΫτϧʢӡಈྔϕ

Ϋτϧʣ͸x-࣠ํ޲ͷ੒෼ͷΈʹͳΔͷͰɺྲྀମͷঢ়ଶΛද͢෺ཧྔ͸อଘม਺Ͱ͋Ε͹ɺʮີ౓ρɺx

-࣠ํ޲ͷ୯Ґମੵ͋ͨΓӡಈྔρVɺ୯Ґମੵ͋ͨΓશΤωϧΪʔeʯͷ3ݸͰΑ͘ɺ·ͨอଘม਺ͷϕΫ

τϧU =

 

ρ ρV e

 Dm,nͰͷUͷۙࣅ஋͸nʹ͸ґଘͤͣmʹͷΈґଘ͢Δͱͯ͠Α͍ɻͦ͜ͰDm,n

ʢn͸೚ҙʣͰͷUͷۙࣅ஋Λ

Um=

 

ρm

ρmVm

em

 

ͱॻ͘͜ͱʹ͢Δɻ

࣍ʹɺ্هͷ༗ݶମੵܭࢉͰ༗ݶମੵDm,nʹࠨଆʹྡ઀͢Δ2ͭͷ༗ݶମੵDm−1,n±1͔Βྲྀೖ͢Δ਺

஋ྲྀଋʹ͍ͭͯߟ͑Δɻ֤༗ݶମੵͰͷ଎౓ϕΫτϧʢӡಈྔϕΫτϧʣ͸x-࣠੒෼ͷΈΛ࣋ͭͷͰ1࣍

ݩྔͱͯ͠ߟ͍͑ͯΔ͕ɺ͜ΕΒͷݕࠪ໘͸x-࣠ʹࣼަ͢ΔͷͰɺݕࠪ໘Ͱ਺஋ྲྀଋΛఆΊΔͨΊͷ

(8)

ͳ৔߹ʹ͸ɺྲྀΕͷํ޲͸͕࣌ؒܦաͯ͠΋มԽ͠ͳ͍ɻ࣮͸ɺ͜ͷ࣌ྲྀମݱ৅ͱͯ͠͸ ࣍ݩੑΛࣦ͍ ࣍ݩతͳݱ৅ʹͳͬͯ͠·͍ͬͯΔɻ͔͠͠ɺͦͷҰํͰݕࠪ໘Ͱͷྲྀଋͷܾఆաఔ͕ղੳ͠қ͍ࣄ͕ظ଴ ͞ΕΔɻͦ͜Ͱ࣍અʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɺ͜ΕΛ֦ுͨ͠ঢ়گͰղੳΛਐΊΔɻ

଎౓ϕΫτϧ͕ݕࠪ໘ʹࣼަ͢Δ৔߹ͷ਺஋ྲྀଋʢͦͷ ʣ

ฏ໘Λ ͸੔਺ ͸੔਺

ͷ ܈ͷ౳ִؒฏߦઢ܈ʹΑΓ߹ಉͳඛܗʹ෼ׂ͢Δɻ ਤ ͨͩ͠ɺ ͱ͢Δɻ

ਤ ඛܗͰͷ༗ݶମੵ෼ׂ

֤ඛܗͷ ຊͷର֯ઢ͸ ࣠·ͨ͸ ࣠ʹฏߦͰ͋Γɺ ࣠ʹฏߦͳର֯ઢͷ௕͞͸ ɺ ࣠ʹฏߦ

ͳର֯ઢͷ௕͞͸ ͱͳΔɻ·ͨɺ֤ඛܗͷத৺ʢର֯ઢͷަ఺ʣͷ࠲ඪ͸ ʢୠ͠

͸ۮحͷҰக͢Δ ͭͷ੔਺ʣͱͳΔͷͰɺ֤ඛܗʢ༗ݶମੵʣΛ Ͱද͢͜ͱʹ͢Δɻ͜ΕΒɺ֤ඛ

ܗΛ༗ݶମੵͱͯ͠༗ݶମੵۙࣅΛߟ͑Δɻ

͜ͷ༗ݶମੵۙࣅΛ༻͍ͯɺྲྀମͷ෺ཧྔ͕ۭؒతʹ͸ ࠲ඪʹͷΈґଘͯ͠ ࠲ඪʹ͸ґଘͤͣɺ͔

ͭɺྲྀମͷ଎౓ϕΫτϧ͕ࢸΔॴͰ ࣠ʹฏߦͰ͋ΔΑ͏ͳ໰୊Λղ͘ɻͭ·Γ଎౓ϕΫτϧʢӡಈྔϕ

Ϋτϧʣ͸ ࣠ํ޲ͷ੒෼ͷΈʹͳΔͷͰɺྲྀମͷঢ়ଶΛද͢෺ཧྔ͸อଘม਺Ͱ͋Ε͹ɺʮີ౓ ɺ

࣠ํ޲ͷ୯Ґମੵ͋ͨΓӡಈྔ ɺ୯Ґମੵ͋ͨΓશΤωϧΪʔ ʯͷ ݸͰΑ͘ɺ·ͨอଘม਺ͷϕΫ

τϧ Ͱͷ ͷۙࣅ஋͸ ʹ͸ґଘͤͣ ʹͷΈґଘ͢Δͱͯ͠Α͍ɻͦ͜Ͱ

ʢ ͸೚ҙʣͰͷ ͷۙࣅ஋Λ

ͱॻ͘͜ͱʹ͢Δɻ

࣍ʹɺ্هͷ༗ݶମੵܭࢉͰ༗ݶମੵ ʹࠨଆʹྡ઀͢Δ ͭͷ༗ݶମੵ ͔Βྲྀೖ͢Δ਺

஋ྲྀଋʹ͍ͭͯߟ͑Δɻ֤༗ݶମੵͰͷ଎౓ϕΫτϧʢӡಈྔϕΫτϧʣ͸ ࣠੒෼ͷΈΛ࣋ͭͷͰ ࣍

ݩྔͱͯ͠ߟ͍͑ͯΔ͕ɺ͜ΕΒͷݕࠪ໘͸ ࣠ʹࣼަ͢ΔͷͰɺݕࠪ໘Ͱ਺஋ྲྀଋΛఆΊΔͨΊͷ

໰୊͸ ࣍ݩతʹߟ͑Δඞཁ͕͋Δɻ

Dm−1,n−1ͱDm,nͷڥքͷݕࠪ໘Ͱ(5)ʹ૬౰͢ΔRiemann໰୊Λઃఆ͢Δͱɺہॴతͳξ, η-࠲ඪͷ

ξ-࣠ʢݕࠪ໘ʹਨ௚ʣͱη-࣠ʢݕࠪ໘ʹฏߦʣ͸ਤ5ͷΑ͏ʹͱͬͯΑ͍ɻ

ਤ5: Dm,n໘पลͷਤ

Riemann໰୊͔Βݕࠪ໘্ͰͷUͷ஋͕ఆ·Ε͹ɺݕࠪ໘্Ͱͷྲྀଋ

¯ F =       ¯

ρu¯ ¯

ρu¯2

+ ¯p

¯

ρu¯¯v

¯

u(¯e+ ¯p)

     

͕ఆ·ΔɻDm−1,n+1ͱDm,nͷڥքͷݕࠪ໘Ͱ΋ରশੑʹΑΔ൓స͸͋Δ͕ಉ༷ͷঢ়گʹͳΔɻ

2࣍ݩͷঢ়گʹ͓͍ͯ΋ɺεΧϥʔྔʢ࣭ྔͱશΤωϧΪʔʣʹؔ͢ΔྲྀଋʢF¯ͷୈ1,4੒෼ʣ͸Dm−1,n−1

͔Βͷ΋ͷͱDm−1,n+1͔Βͷ΋ͷΛ୯७ʹ଍ͤ͹Α͍ɻ

͔͠͠ɺϕΫτϧྔʹؔ͢ΔྲྀଋʢF¯ͷୈ2,3੒෼ʣ͸ϕΫτϧྔͱͯ͠ͷ࿨ΛͱΔඞཁ͕͋Δɻୈ2,3

੒෼͸ρ¯u¯2+ ¯

p,¯ρu¯¯vͷΑ͏ʹ༩͑ΒΕΔ͕ɺ͜ΕΒ͸ͦΕͧΕξ-,η-ํ޲ͷӡಈྔͷྲྀଋͰ͋Δɻ͜Εͱର শʹͳ͍ͬͯΔDm−1,n+1ͱDm,nͷڥքʹ͓͚Δঢ়گΛߟ͑Ε͹ɺ૒ํͷྲྀଋF¯ͷୈ2੒෼ʹ༝དྷ͢Δ

ӡಈྔͷྲྀଋͷ࿨͸x-࣠ํ޲ͷΈͷ੒෼Λ༗ͦ͠ͷ੒෼͸2(¯ρu¯2+ ¯

p) cosθͱͳΓɺୈ3੒෼ʹ༝དྷ͢Δӡ ಈྔͷྲྀଋͷ࿨΋x-੒෼2¯ρu¯¯vsinθ͚ͩʹͳΔɻ

ͭ·ΓɺDm−1,n±1͔ΒDm,nʹྲྀೖ͢Δྲྀଋ͸

 

2¯ρu¯ 2(¯ρu¯2+ ¯

p) cosθ+ 2¯ρu¯v¯sinθ

2¯u(¯e+ ¯p)

   ͱॻ͚Δɻݕࠪ໘ͷେ͖͞Λ৐͡༗ݶମੵͷେ͖͞Ͱআ͢͜ͱͰඪ४Խ͢Δͱ 1 cosθ    ¯

ρu¯ (¯ρu¯2+ ¯

p) cosθ+ ¯ρu¯¯vsinθ

¯

u(¯e+ ¯p)

 (9)

ͷΑ͏ʹͳΔɻ

¯

ρ,¯u,¯v,¯e,¯pΛఆΊΔ্ͷRiemann໰୊Ͱ͸ॳظ஋(5)͕

U− =      

ρm−1

ρm−1Vm−1cosθ

ρm−1Vm−1sinθ

em−1

     

, U+=

      ρm

ρmVmcosθ

ρmVmsinθ

(9)

Ͱ༩͑ΒΕΔ͜ͱΛվΊͯ֬ೝ͓ͯ͘͠ɻ

ಉ༷ʹDm,n͔ΒDm−1,n±1ʹྲྀग़͢Δྲྀଋ΋Riemann໰୊(5)ͷॳظ஋ͷU±Λ

U−=

      ρm

ρmVmcosθ

ρmVmsinθ

em      

, U+=

     

ρm+1

ρm+1Vm+1cosθ

ρm+1Vm+1sinθ

em+1

      (11) ͱͨ͠΋ͷ͔Β༩͑ΒΕΔࣄ͕༰қʹ෼͔Δɻ

5

1

࣍ݩܭࢉͱͷൺֱ

લઅͰѻͬͨ໰୊͸1࣍ݩతͳ໰୊Ͱ͋Δ͔Βɺ௨ৗͷ1࣍ݩܭࢉ΋ՄೳͰ͋Δɻͦͷ৔߹ɺ༗ݶମੵΛ

Im= (

m−1

2, m+ 1 2

)

, m͸੔਺ (12)

ͱͯ͠ɺImͰͷอଘྔUͷۙࣅΛ

Um=

  

ρm

ρmVm

em   

ͰఆΊΔͱɺx=m+1

2 ʹ͓͚ΔGodunov๏ʹΑΔྲྀଋ͸1࣍ݩѹॖੑEulerํఔࣜͷRiemann໰୊͔

Β༰қʹ༩͑ΒΕΔɻ

ͦ͜Ͱಉ͡1࣍ݩత໰୊Λɺ

(A) ্هͷ༷ʹGodunov๏Ͱ1࣍ݩͷ਺஋ܭࢉΛߦ͏৔߹

(B) લઅͷ༷ʹ2࣍ݩͰྲྀΕʹࣼަ͢Δ֨ࢠΛ༻͍ͯGodunov๏Ͱ2࣍ݩܭࢉ͢Δ৔߹

ʹ͍ͭͯൺֱ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺྲྀΕ͕֨ࢠʹࣼަ͢ΔࣄʹΑΔ਺஋ܭࢉ΁ͷӨڹΛߟ࡯͢Δɻ

(A)Ͱ͸ɺImͱIm+1ͷؒͷ਺஋ྲྀଋFˆm+1

2 ΛRiemann໰୊

∂ ∂t    ρ ρu e   + ∂ ∂x    ρu ρu2+p

u(e+p)

 

, p= (γ−1) (

e−1

2ρu 2 )    ρ ρu e   =    ρm

ρmVm

em   , x <0,

   ρ ρu e   =   

ρm+1

ρm+1Vm+1

em+1   , x >0.

(13)

ͷղͷx/t= 0ʹ͓͚Δρ,u,e,pͷ஋Λρˆ,ˆu,ˆe,ˆpͱͯ͠

ˆ

F

m+1 2 =

  

ˆ

ρuˆ ˆ

ρuˆ2+ ˆp

ˆ

u(ˆe+ ˆp)

 

 (14)

(10)

Ͱ༩͑ΒΕΔ͜ͱΛվΊͯ֬ೝ͓ͯ͘͠ɻ

ಉ༷ʹ ͔Β ʹྲྀग़͢Δྲྀଋ΋ ໰୊ ͷॳظ஋ͷ Λ

ͱͨ͠΋ͷ͔Β༩͑ΒΕΔࣄ͕༰қʹ෼͔Δɻ

࣍ݩܭࢉͱͷൺֱ

લઅͰѻͬͨ໰୊͸ ࣍ݩతͳ໰୊Ͱ͋Δ͔Βɺ௨ৗͷ ࣍ݩܭࢉ΋ՄೳͰ͋Δɻͦͷ৔߹ɺ༗ݶମੵΛ

͸੔਺

ͱͯ͠ɺ Ͱͷอଘྔ ͷۙࣅΛ

ͰఆΊΔͱɺ ʹ͓͚Δ ๏ʹΑΔྲྀଋ͸ ࣍ݩѹॖੑ ํఔࣜͷ ໰୊͔

Β༰қʹ༩͑ΒΕΔɻ

ͦ͜Ͱಉ͡ ࣍ݩత໰୊Λɺ

্هͷ༷ʹ ๏Ͱ ࣍ݩͷ਺஋ܭࢉΛߦ͏৔߹

લઅͷ༷ʹ ࣍ݩͰྲྀΕʹࣼަ͢Δ֨ࢠΛ༻͍ͯ ๏Ͱ ࣍ݩܭࢉ͢Δ৔߹

ʹ͍ͭͯൺֱ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺྲྀΕ͕֨ࢠʹࣼަ͢ΔࣄʹΑΔ਺஋ܭࢉ΁ͷӨڹΛߟ࡯͢Δɻ

Ͱ͸ɺ ͱ ͷؒͷ਺஋ྲྀଋ Λ ໰୊

ͷղͷ ʹ͓͚Δ ͷ஋Λ ͱͯ͠

ͱఆΊΔɻ

(B)Ͱ͸Dm,∗ͱDm+1,∗ͷؒͷ਺஋ྲྀଋF¯m+12 ΛRiemann໰୊

∂ ∂t       ρ ρu ρv e       + ∂ ∂x       ρu ρu2+p

ρuv u(e+p)

     

, p= (γ−1) {

e−1 2ρ(u

2

+v2

) }       ρ ρu ρv e       =       ρm

ρmVmcosθ

ρmVmsinθ

em      

, x <0,

      ρ ρu ρv e       =      

ρm+1

ρm+1Vm+1cosθ ρm+1Vm+1sinθ

em+1

     

, x >0.

(15)

ͷղͷx/t= 0ʹ͓͚Δρ,u,v,e,pͷ஋Λρ¯,¯u,¯v,¯e,¯pͱͯ͠

1 cosθ    ¯

ρu¯

(¯ρu¯2+ ¯p) cosθ+ ¯ρu¯¯vsinθ

¯

u(¯e+ ¯p)

 (16)

ͱఆΊΔɻ

(B)ʹग़ݱ͢ΔRiemann໰୊͸ۭؒ2࣍ݩͰ͋Δ͕ɺvΛൈ͍ͨैଐม਺ρ, u, p͸Riemann໰୊ʹ͓ ͚ΔͦΕΒͷॳظ஋Ͱ͋Δρ, u, pʢx < 0Ͱͷॳظ஋ʣͱρ+, u+, p+ʢx < 0Ͱͷॳظ஋ʣ͔Βɺ1

࣍ݩͷѹॖੑEulerํఔࣜͷRiemann໰୊ͱશ͘ಉ͡Α͏ʹղΛಘΔɻvʹ͍ͭͯ͸ρ, u, pͷΈͰղ͔Ε

ͨRiemann໰୊ͷղͷ઀৮ෆ࿈ଓ೾Λߟ͑

{

ɾͦͷࠨଆ(x͕খ͍͞ଆ)Ͱ͸ॳظ஋ͷx <0Ͱͷvͷ஋ɺ ɾͦͷӈଆ(x͕খ͍͞ଆ)Ͱ͸ॳظ஋ͷx >0Ͱͷvͷ஋ɺ

ͱͳΔɻ

(14)ͱ(16)ͷ2ͭͷ਺஋ྲྀଋΛൺֱ͢Δɻ

ઌͣɺղ͕׈Β͔ͳ෦෼Ͱ֨ࢠ͕े෼ʹࡉ͔͘ͳ͍ͬͯΔ৔߹͸(ρm, Vm, em)ͱ(ρm+1, Vm+1, em+1)͸

े෼ʹ͍ۙͱͯ͠Α͍ͷͰɺߟ࡯ͷҝɺρm=ρm+1,Vm=Vm+1,em=em+1ͱͯ͠ΈΔͱɺ

ˆ

ρ= ¯ρ=ρm

ˆ

u=Vm,u¯=Vmcosθ,v¯=Vmsinθ

ˆ

e= ¯e=em,pˆ= ¯p= (γ−1)(em−

1 2ρV

2)

ͱͳΔͷͰɺ(14)ɺ(16)ͷͲͪΒ΋਺஋ྲྀଋ΋ಉ͡΋ͷʹͳΔɻ·ͨɺͲͪΒͷ਺஋ྲྀଋͱ΋ρm, ρm+1, Vm, Vm+1, em, em+1ʹ׈Β͔ʹґଘ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ΋௨ৗͷGodunov๏ͷ਺஋ྲྀଋͱಉ༷ʹ͔֬ΊΒΕ

Δɻ͜ΕΒ͸ղ͕׈Β͔Ͱ͋Δ෦෼Ͱे෼ʹ֨ࢠΛࡉ͔͘͢Ε͹ɺͲͪΒͷ਺஋ྲྀଋΛ༻͍ͯ΋े෼ʹ͍ۙ ܭࢉ݁Ռ͕ಘΒΕΔࣄΛ͍ࣔͯ͠Δɻ

(ρm, Vm, em)ͱ(ρm+1, Vm+1, em+1)͕े෼ʹۙ͘ͳ͍৔߹ʹ͸ɺRiemann໰୊͕ຊ࣭తʹҙຯΛ࣋ͭ

ࣄʹͳΔɻ

2࣍ݩܭࢉͰ͸ྲྀΕ͕ݕࠪ໘ʹࣼަ͠଎౓ϕΫτϧ͕ݕࠪ໘ͷ๏ઢͱθͷ֯Λͳͨ͢Ίɺ2ͭͷRiemann

໰୊(13)(15)͸ɺهड़͕1࣍ݩత͔2࣍ݩత͔͚ͩͷҧ͍Ͱ͸ͳ͘ͳͬͯ͠·͏ɻ(15)ʹ͓͍ͯ΋ม਺Λ

ρ, u, pͷΈߟ࡯͢Ε͹ɺ্ʹड़΂ͨΑ͏ʹ໰୊͸1࣍ݩతʹͳΔ͕ɺͦͷΑ͏ͳݟํΛͯ͠΋ɺRiemann ໰୊Λنఆ͢Δॳظ஋ͷࠨӈͷঢ়ଶʢ͜͜Ͱ͸ີ౓ɺ଎౓ɺѹྗͰද͢ʣ͕ɺpm= (γ−1)(em−

1

2ρm(Vm)

2

pm+1= (γ−1)(em+1−

1

2ρm+1(Vm+1)

2)ͱͯ͠ɺ(13)ʹ͓͍ͯ͸

(11)

Ͱ͋Γɺ(15)ʹ͓͍ͯ͸

ρm ρm+1

Vmcosθ Vm+1cosθ

pm pm+1

Ͱ͋Δ͔Βɺ(15)Ͱ͸଎౓ʹcosθ͕৐ͥΒΕΔ෼͚ͩ(13)ͱ͸ҟͳΔ΋ͷʹͳΔɻ

ྫ͑͹ɺ଎౓͕௒Ի଎Ͱ͋ͬͯ΋Ի଎ͷ1/cosθഒΛ௒͑ͳ͍৔߹ʹ͸ɺ(15)(16)Ͱ਺஋ྲྀଋΛ༩͑Δ৔

߹ɺ଎౓͕cosθഒ͞ΕͨࣄͰ௒Ի଎ʹ༝དྷ͢Δݱ৅ͷ্ྲྀੑʢ৘ใͷ఻೻͸ྲྀΕΛ૎Βͳ͍ʣΛ૕ࣦͯ͠

͠·͏ࣄ͸༰қʹ૝૾Ͱ͖ΔɻѥԻ଎ͷ৔߹΋ɺݩͷ1࣍ݩతͳ໰୊ʹൺ΂ͯྲྀΕͱٯͷํ޲ʹ఻ΘΔ৘ใ

͕૿Ճ͢Δࣄ͸ҰൠతʹཧղͰ͖Δɻ͜Ε͸ɺܭࢉ݁ՌʹಷԽΛ΋ͨΒ͢ࣄ͕ଟ͍ɻ

·ͨɺRiemann໰୊(15)ͷୈ3੒෼ͷ౳ࣜதͷvʹؔͯ͠͸ɺѹॖੑEulerํఔࣜͷ3ͭͷಛੑ଎౓u−

c, u, u+cʢu͸ྲྀମͷ଎౓ɺc͸Ի଎ʣͷ͏ͪɺඇઢܗݱ৅ʢিܸ೾ɺ๲ு೾ʣʹ܎Δu±cʹ͸શؔ͘࿈

ͤͣɺಛੑ଎౓ʹΑΔεΠονϯά͸઀৮ෆ࿈ଓʹ܎ΔuʹΑͬͯੜ͡ΔͷΈͰ͋Δɻ͔͠͠ɺ͜ͷୈ3੒

෼Ͱܭࢉ͞Εͨ¯v΋(16)ͷ༩͑Δ਺஋ྲྀଋʹӨڹΛٴ΅͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰɺͦͷ఺Ͱ΋௨ৗͷ1࣍ݩܭࢉͷ਺ ஋ྲྀଋʹൺ΂ɺ෺ཧ͔Βͷဃ཭Λੜ͡ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɻ

ݱঢ়ͷ͜ͷఔ౓·ͰͷղੳͰ΋ࠓ·Ͱ໌֬Ͱͳ͔ͬͨ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳ਺஋ݱ৅ʹ͍ͭͯͷઆ໌Λ༩͑Δ͜ͱ͕ Ͱ͖Δɻ

֨ࢠ͕ྲྀΕ΍িܸ೾ʹద߹͍ͯ͠ͳ͍৔߹ɺಛʹఆৗ໰୊Ͱͷ੩ࢭিܸ೾Ͱ͸ద߹͍ͯ͠Δ֨ࢠʹൺ΂ͯ িܸ೾͕ಷͬͯั֫͞ΕΔࣄ͸஌ΒΕ͍ͯΔ͕ɺ͍ΘΏΔ೪ੑ߲Λ෇Ճͨ͠Α͏ͳ৔߹ͱҟͳΓɺিܸ೾ͷ ௒Ի଎ଆ͸ͦΕ΄Ͳʹ͸ಷΒͳ͍ࣄ΋ଟ͍ɻ͜Εʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺRiemann໰୊(15)ͷஈ֊Ͱ଎౓͕cosθഒ ͞Εͯ͠·ͬͯ΋े෼ʹԻ଎Λ௒͍͑ͯΕ͹ɺ௒Ի଎ʹ༝དྷ͢Δݱ৅ͷ্ྲྀੑ͸ࣦΘΕͳ͍ɺͭ·Γɺ௒Ի ଎ଆͰ͸ྲྀΕ͕े෼ʹ଎͚Ε͹֨ࢠ͕ద߹͍ͯ͠ͳͯ͘΋্ྲྀੑ͕อͨΕ਺஋ܭࢉͷಷԽ͸ੜ͡ʹ͍͘ɺͱ ͍͏ࣄ͕͍͑ΔɻٯʹѥԻ଎ଆͰ͸ɺ্Ͱઆ໌ͨ͠Α͏ʹྲྀΕͱٯͷํ޲ʹա৒ʹ৘ใ͕఻ΘΔͨΊʹܭࢉ ͕ಷԽ͠қ͍ɺͱ͍͏ࣄʹͳΔɻ

֨ࢠ͕ద߹͍ͯ͠ͳ͍৔߹ʹɺিܸ೾͕ൺֱత͖ͬ͘Γͱʢ্ͷٞ࿦͔Β͜ͷ͖ͬ͘Γͱݟ͑Δ෦෼͸௒ Ի଎ଆͰ͋Ζ͏͜ͱ΋ཧղͰ͖ΔʣͳΔ৔߹ͱ͍͔ʹ΋ಷͬͯ͠·͏৔߹͕͋Δ͜ͱ΋ܦݧతʹ஌ΒΕΔ ͕ɺ͜Ε͸ɺRiemann໰୊(15)Ͱ଎౓͕cosθഒ͞Εͨࡍʹ্ྲྀଆͰे෼ʹԻ଎Λ௒͍͑ͯΔ͔൱͔ʹΑ Δͱݴ͑Δɻ

Ҏ্ͷઆ໌ʹ͍ͭͯɺ੩ࢭিܸ೾ͷܭࢉྫΛ࣮ࡍʹݟͯΈΑ͏ɻ

ਤ6: ্ྲྀଆM2೪ੑແ ਤ7: ্ྲྀଆM2೪ੑ༗1 ਤ8: ্ྲྀଆM2೪ੑ༗2

ਤ6͸੩ࢭিܸ೾ΛGodunov๏Ͱ1࣍ݩܭࢉͨ݁͠ՌͰ͋Δɻ্ྲྀʢ௒Ի଎ʣଆͷϚοϋ਺͸2Ͱ͋Δɻ ਺஋తಷԽ͸ຆͲͳ͍ɻ

ਤ9: ্ྲྀଆM2,θ= 45◦

2࣍ݩܭࢉΛߦͬͨ݁ՌΛࣔ͢લʹ਺஋తͳಷԽΛൺֱ

͢Δҝɺਤ6ͱಉ৚݅ͷGodunov๏1࣍ݩܭࢉʹ਺஋

೪ੑΛ෇Ճͨ͠΋ͷΛࣔ͢ɻʢਤ7ɺਤ8ʣ਺஋೪ੑ͸

Lax-Friedrichsࠩ෼ͷ਺஋೪ੑʹ૬౰͢Δ΋ͷͷ10ˋ ʢਤ7ʣٴͼ20ˋʢਤ8ʣͰ͋Δɻ্ྲྀଆ΋Լྲྀଆ΋΄ ΅ಉ༷ʹಷ͍ͬͯΔɻਤ9͕ਤ4ͷ֨ࢠͰθ = 45◦ͱ͠

ͯ2࣍ݩܭࢉΛߦͬͨ݁ՌͰ͋Δɻθ = 45◦ͳͷͰɺਖ਼

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Ͱ͋Γɺ ʹ͓͍ͯ͸

Ͱ͋Δ͔Βɺ Ͱ͸଎౓ʹ ͕৐ͥΒΕΔ෼͚ͩ ͱ͸ҟͳΔ΋ͷʹͳΔɻ

ྫ͑͹ɺ଎౓͕௒Ի଎Ͱ͋ͬͯ΋Ի଎ͷ ഒΛ௒͑ͳ͍৔߹ʹ͸ɺ Ͱ਺஋ྲྀଋΛ༩͑Δ৔

߹ɺ଎౓͕ ഒ͞ΕͨࣄͰ௒Ի଎ʹ༝དྷ͢Δݱ৅ͷ্ྲྀੑʢ৘ใͷ఻೻͸ྲྀΕΛ૎Βͳ͍ʣΛ૕ࣦͯ͠

͠·͏ࣄ͸༰қʹ૝૾Ͱ͖ΔɻѥԻ଎ͷ৔߹΋ɺݩͷ ࣍ݩతͳ໰୊ʹൺ΂ͯྲྀΕͱٯͷํ޲ʹ఻ΘΔ৘ใ ͕૿Ճ͢Δࣄ͸ҰൠతʹཧղͰ͖Δɻ͜Ε͸ɺܭࢉ݁ՌʹಷԽΛ΋ͨΒ͢ࣄ͕ଟ͍ɻ

·ͨɺ ໰୊ ͷୈ ੒෼ͷ౳ࣜதͷ ʹؔͯ͠͸ɺѹॖੑ ํఔࣜͷ ͭͷಛੑ଎౓

ʢ ͸ྲྀମͷ଎౓ɺ ͸Ի଎ʣͷ͏ͪɺඇઢܗݱ৅ʢিܸ೾ɺ๲ு೾ʣʹ܎Δ ʹ͸શؔ͘࿈

ͤͣɺಛੑ଎౓ʹΑΔεΠονϯά͸઀৮ෆ࿈ଓʹ܎Δ ʹΑͬͯੜ͡ΔͷΈͰ͋Δɻ͔͠͠ɺ͜ͷୈ ੒

෼Ͱܭࢉ͞Εͨ ΋ ͷ༩͑Δ਺஋ྲྀଋʹӨڹΛٴ΅͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰɺͦͷ఺Ͱ΋௨ৗͷ ࣍ݩܭࢉͷ਺

஋ྲྀଋʹൺ΂ɺ෺ཧ͔Βͷဃ཭Λੜ͡ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δɻ

ݱঢ়ͷ͜ͷఔ౓·ͰͷղੳͰ΋ࠓ·Ͱ໌֬Ͱͳ͔ͬͨ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳ਺஋ݱ৅ʹ͍ͭͯͷઆ໌Λ༩͑Δ͜ͱ͕ Ͱ͖Δɻ

֨ࢠ͕ྲྀΕ΍িܸ೾ʹద߹͍ͯ͠ͳ͍৔߹ɺಛʹఆৗ໰୊Ͱͷ੩ࢭিܸ೾Ͱ͸ద߹͍ͯ͠Δ֨ࢠʹൺ΂ͯ িܸ೾͕ಷͬͯั֫͞ΕΔࣄ͸஌ΒΕ͍ͯΔ͕ɺ͍ΘΏΔ೪ੑ߲Λ෇Ճͨ͠Α͏ͳ৔߹ͱҟͳΓɺিܸ೾ͷ

௒Ի଎ଆ͸ͦΕ΄Ͳʹ͸ಷΒͳ͍ࣄ΋ଟ͍ɻ͜Εʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺ ໰୊ ͷஈ֊Ͱ଎౓͕ ഒ

͞Εͯ͠·ͬͯ΋े෼ʹԻ଎Λ௒͍͑ͯΕ͹ɺ௒Ի଎ʹ༝དྷ͢Δݱ৅ͷ্ྲྀੑ͸ࣦΘΕͳ͍ɺͭ·Γɺ௒Ի ଎ଆͰ͸ྲྀΕ͕े෼ʹ଎͚Ε͹֨ࢠ͕ద߹͍ͯ͠ͳͯ͘΋্ྲྀੑ͕อͨΕ਺஋ܭࢉͷಷԽ͸ੜ͡ʹ͍͘ɺͱ ͍͏ࣄ͕͍͑ΔɻٯʹѥԻ଎ଆͰ͸ɺ্Ͱઆ໌ͨ͠Α͏ʹྲྀΕͱٯͷํ޲ʹա৒ʹ৘ใ͕఻ΘΔͨΊʹܭࢉ ͕ಷԽ͠қ͍ɺͱ͍͏ࣄʹͳΔɻ

֨ࢠ͕ద߹͍ͯ͠ͳ͍৔߹ʹɺিܸ೾͕ൺֱత͖ͬ͘Γͱʢ্ͷٞ࿦͔Β͜ͷ͖ͬ͘Γͱݟ͑Δ෦෼͸௒ Ի଎ଆͰ͋Ζ͏͜ͱ΋ཧղͰ͖ΔʣͳΔ৔߹ͱ͍͔ʹ΋ಷͬͯ͠·͏৔߹͕͋Δ͜ͱ΋ܦݧతʹ஌ΒΕΔ

͕ɺ͜Ε͸ɺ ໰୊ Ͱ଎౓͕ ഒ͞Εͨࡍʹ্ྲྀଆͰे෼ʹԻ଎Λ௒͍͑ͯΔ͔൱͔ʹΑ

Δͱݴ͑Δɻ

Ҏ্ͷઆ໌ʹ͍ͭͯɺ੩ࢭিܸ೾ͷܭࢉྫΛ࣮ࡍʹݟͯΈΑ͏ɻ

ਤ ্ྲྀଆ ೪ੑແ ਤ ্ྲྀଆ ೪ੑ༗ ਤ ্ྲྀଆ ೪ੑ༗

ਤ ͸੩ࢭিܸ೾Λ ๏Ͱ ࣍ݩܭࢉͨ݁͠ՌͰ͋Δɻ্ྲྀʢ௒Ի଎ʣଆͷϚοϋ਺͸ Ͱ͋Δɻ

਺஋తಷԽ͸ຆͲͳ͍ɻ

ਤ ্ྲྀଆ

࣍ݩܭࢉΛߦͬͨ݁ՌΛࣔ͢લʹ਺஋తͳಷԽΛൺֱ

͢Δҝɺਤ ͱಉ৚݅ͷ ๏ ࣍ݩܭࢉʹ਺஋

೪ੑΛ෇Ճͨ͠΋ͷΛࣔ͢ɻʢਤ ɺਤ ʣ਺஋೪ੑ͸

ࠩ෼ͷ਺஋೪ੑʹ૬౰͢Δ΋ͷͷ ˋ

ʢਤ ʣٴͼ ˋʢਤ ʣͰ͋Δɻ্ྲྀଆ΋Լྲྀଆ΋΄

΅ಉ༷ʹಷ͍ͬͯΔɻਤ ͕ਤ ͷ֨ࢠͰ ͱ͠

ͯ ࣍ݩܭࢉΛߦͬͨ݁ՌͰ͋Δɻ ͳͷͰɺਖ਼

ํ௚ަ֨ࢠͰྲྀΕͷ଎౓ϕΫτϧ͕ର֯ઢํ޲ʹͳͬͯ

͍Δঢ়گͰ͋Δɻ֨ࢠ͕ྲྀΕʹࣼަͨ͜͠ͱͰܭࢉ݁Ռ͕ಷԽ͍ͯ͠Δ͕ɺিܸ೾ͷ௒Ի଎ଆΛݟΔͱ଎౓

͕cos 45◦ഒ͞Εͯ΋ґવ௒Ի଎ੑΛอͭͨΊɺಷΓ͸΄ͱΜͲͳ͍ɻͭ·ΓɺྲྀΕͱ֨ࢠ͕ࣼަ͢Δࣄʹ

ΑΔ਺஋ܭࢉͷಷԽͷػߏ͸௨ৗͷ਺஋೪ੑʹΑΔ΋ͷͱ͸ҟͳΔࣄ͕෼͔Δɻ

࣍ʹিܸ೾্ྲྀ௒Ի଎ଆͷϚοϋ਺Λ1.35ͱͯ͠ܭࢉͯ͠ΈΑ͏ɻ

ਤ10: ্ྲྀଆM1.35೪ੑແ ਤ11: ্ྲྀଆM1.35೪ੑ༗ ਤ12: ্ྲྀଆM1.35,θ= 45

ਤ10͸೪ੑͳ͠1࣍ݩܭࢉɺਤ11͸ͦΕʹLax-Friedrichsࠩ෼૬౰ͷ਺஋೪ੑͷ10ˋΛՃ͑ͨ΋ͷʢಉ ͡ఔ౓ͷ਺஋೪ੑͰ΋িܸ೾ͷڧ౓͕ऑ͘ͳΔͱಷΓ͸େ͖͘ͳΔʣɺ

ਤ13: ্ྲྀଆM1.35,θ= 30

ͦͯ͠ਤ12͸2࣍ݩܭࢉͰθ = 45ͱͨ͠΋ͷͰ͋Δɻ

਺஋ܭࢉͷதʢ਺஋ྲྀଋΛఆΊΔͨΊͷݕࠪ໘ʹ͓͚Δ

Riemann໰୊ʣͰ͸௒Ի଎ੑ͕ࣦΘΕͯ͠·͍ɺিܸ೾

ͷ௒Ի଎ଆ΋େ͖͘ಷͬͯ͠·͏ࣄ͕؍࡯͞ΕΔɻ͜Ε ͸ɺ࣮ࡍͷݱ৅ͷ௒Ի଎ੑͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ਺஋ܭࢉͷதͰ௒ Ի଎ੑ͕อͨΕΔ͔൱͔ͷ໰୊Ͱ͋ΔͷͰɺθ = 30◦ͱ

ͨ͠৔߹ͷ݁ՌͰ͋Δਤ13Ͱ͸ɺ਺஋ܭࢉͷதͰͷ௒Ի

଎ੑ͕อͨΕͯਤ9ͱಉ͡Α͏ͳ༷૬Λ͍ࣔͯ͠Δɻ

6

·ͱΊ

CFDʹ͓͍ͯྲྀମݱ৅ʹ֨ࢠ͕ద߹͠ͳ͚Ε͹ܭࢉ඼࣭͕௿Լ͢Δࣄ࣮͸౰વͷࣄͱͯ͠ೝࣝ͞Ε͍ͯ

Δ͕ɺͦͷ඼࣭ͷ௿Լ͕ͲͷΑ͏ͳػߏͰੜ͡Δͷ͔͸ະͩʹղ໌͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍͜ͱͷํ͕ଟ͍ɻൃੜػߏ ͕໌Β͔ʹͳΕ͹ɺࣄલʹ඼࣭௿Լͷى͜Γ΍͍͢ঢ়گΛճආ͢Δ͜ͱ΍ɺܭࢉ݁Ռͷղऍʹ͓͚Δཹҙࣄ ߲ͱͯ͠༗ӹͰ͋Δɻ໪࿦ɺ඼࣭௿ԼͷػߏΛղ໌͢Δ͜ͱͰকདྷతʹ͸ͦ͏ͨܽ͠఺ͷऔΓআ͔Εͨ਺஋ ܭࢉ๏ΛఏҊͰ͖Δࣄ͕๬·͍͠ɻ

਺஋ܭࢉ๏Λߟ͑Δࡍʹ1࣍ݩͰͷܭࢉ๏ͷվྑΛߦ͍ͦΕΛଟ࣍ݩʹ֦ு͢Δͱ͍͏ํ๏࿦͕௨ৗͰ͋

Γɺ͋ΔҙຯͦΕ͸౰વͷ͜ͱͰ͋Δͷ͕ͩɺଟ࣍ݩΏ͑ʹੜ͡Δ໰୊Λ֦ுͷࡍʹߟྀ͠೉͍ͱ͍͏ࣄ΋ ࣄ࣮Ͱ͋Ζ͏ɻຊߘͰ͸ݪ࢝తͳํ๏Ͱ͸͋Γͳ͕Βɺैདྷܦݧతʹ஌ΒΕͨܭࢉ඼࣭௿Լͷݱ৅ʹ਺ཧత

ͳઆ໌Λ༩͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨɻ਺஋ڍಈͷ਺ֶతͳղੳ๏ͷൃలͱ਺஋ܭࢉͷํ๏࿦ͷվྑͱ͍͏2ͭͷൃ

లͷํ޲ʹ޲͚ͯࠓޙ΋ߟ࡯Λਐల͍ͤͨ͞ɻ

ࢀߟจݙ

[1] H. Aiso. Admissibility of difference approximation for scalar conservation laws. Hiroshima Math. J., Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 15–61, 1993.

[2] S. K. Godunov. Finite difference method for numerical computation of discontinuous solutions of the equations of fluid dynamics (in Russian). Mat. Sb. (N.S.), Vol. 47, pp. 251–306, 1959.

[3] J. Smoller. Shock waves and reaction-diffusion equations. Springer-Verlag, NewYork, 1982.

[4] E. Tadmor. Numerical viscosity and the entropy condition for conservative difference schemes.

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発 行 日

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国立研究開発法人 宇宙航空研究開発機構(JAXA) 〒182-8522 東京都調布市深大寺東町7-44-1 URL: http://www.jaxa.jp/

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影響について

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参照

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