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Ken Motomura¹⁾, Takashi Fujii¹⁾, Kengo Sakamoto¹⁾, Eizo Yahagi¹⁾and Prince Masahito¹⁾: Evaluation of Bird Population in the Greens on the Tokiwamatsu Imperial Villa, Tokyo

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E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

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Table1.ResultsoftheTokiwamatsuImperialVillacensus(:thespeciesthatwererecordedafterline-census). Species

Surveyyear 20032004 Jul.Aug.Sep.Oct.Nov.Dec.Jan.Feb.Mar.Apr.MayJun.Total Phalacrocoraxcarbo11 Ardeacinerea11 Milvusmigrans0 Anaspoecilorhyncha22 Streptopeliaorientalis211465321126 Columbalivia4295122438 Cuculussaturatus11 Alcedoatthis0 Dendrocoposkizuki1111231111 Hirundorustica123 Motacillacinerea0 Motacillaalba213 Hypsipetesamaurotis1130201289251152124 Laniusbucephalus11 Turduspallidus!"213 Turdusnaumanni#1113 Cettiadiphone#$11 Phylloscopusborealis%&'!0 Ficedulanarcissina(0 Parusmajor!)945573368911474 Zosteropsjaponicus"2319653495350 Enberizaspodocephala33219 Carduelissinica112 Coccothraustescoccothraustes!112116 Passermontanus$ 13794991748116 Sturnuscineraceus'3425210430 Cyanopicacyana*21541112237 Corvusmacrorhynchos!+ $213452256442352 Psittaculakrameri,--334111 Totalnumberofspecies10813141215131214131114149 Totalnumberofindividuals362530765252405767554273605 23

Fig. 1. The number of birds species in the census area and other areas.

Fig. 2. Size of the Tokiwamatsu Imperial Villa and other areas.

Fig. 3. Number of greened areas in the census and surrounding areas.

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Fig. 5. Diversity and changes of bird species on the Tokiwamatsu Imperial Villa.

Fig. 4. The distance between the census area and surrounding greened areas (mean@SE).

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Summary

We conducted a survey for one year to evaluate the bird population on the Tokiwamatsu Imperial Villa which is located in the heart of Tokyo. We assessed the number of species and each species population, the greened area, the number of surrounding greened areas, the distance from these greened areas and also surveyed the degree of diversity of the bird species. We compared these results with those of Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden and the Imperial Palace Tokyo. The line census method was performed 12 times.

There were 24 bird species with a total of 605 birds. Also a fixed census was performed the same times and another 5 bird species were recorded. According to this census, the total number of bird species recorded on the Tokiwamatsu Imperial Villa bounded 47, though it was not used for the analysis. The most number of bird species (13) were recorded during the winter (December) and the least number (7) was recorded during the breeding season (August). The most number of birds (76) was recorded in October and the least was in August (25). Five of the most common birds in the city had the highest population. The population of each species was: Brown-eared Bulbul Hypsipetes amaurotis (124), Tree SparrowPasser montanus(116), Great TitParus major(74). Although we could not find a large di#erence, compared with 2 other greened areas, the Tokiwamatsu Imperial Villa was the smallest in size. These greens and that of the Tokiwamatsu Imperial Villa are both smaller than the surrounding greens. When comparing the average distances between these greened areas, there was no significant di#erence. However, the Tokiwamatsu Imperial Villa is the furthest. The largest population of birds at one time was recorded during the winter (January 3) (34) and the last were during the breeding season (June 2) (1). Even though the Tokiwamatsu Imperial Villa in the heart of the city is small, it has many bird species and the population of

° FG=>12 ±² 33

these species is high. This is a very unique greened area. It appears that Tokiwamatsu Imperial Villa, in the heart of the city, is a very important area for wintering migrants and resident birds. Also from the census data it appears that this greened area is a staging area for migrating birds.

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