海岸一帯の漂着 ごみ量や堆積ごみ量の指標値を得るために必要な調査範囲







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A  Method  of  Determining  a  Suitable  Survey  Area  for  Measuring  the  Reliable  Quantities  of  Beached  

Litter  and  Accumulated  Litter  on  Sandy  Beaches

Tamon  OKANO  and  Akira  MORITA

Department  of  Chemistry  and  Biotechnology,  Graduate  School  of  Department  of  Engineering,  

Tottori  University,  Tottori,  680-­8552  Japan  

E-­mail:  [email protected]­u.ac.jp  

Abstract: The  quantity  of  accumulated  litter  on  a  beach  indicates  the  pollution  level,  whereas  the  quantity  of  beached  litter  relates  to  

the  density  of  floating  marine  litter  and  the  amount  of  inappropriate  waste  disposal. The  purpose  of  investigating  either  accumulated   litter   or   beached   litter   is   to   obtain   the   index   quantity   of   litter   for   an   entire   beach,   and   to   research   the   changes   of   quantity   or   the   differences  between  other  beaches.     For  this  purpose,  it  is  essential  to  investigate  several  representative  items  on  a  long  beach  area,   with  the  exclusion  of  small  debris.     The  reliabilities  for  the  survey  area  and  the  measured  value  can  be  evaluated  with  an  excess   quantity,  which  is  represented  by  the  equation  [100×(|Q1-­Q2|)/(Q1+Q2)]  where  QN  is  the  quantity  of  litter  on  Site  N.     In  order  to   reduce   the   influence   of   irregular   data   of   survey   areas,   it   is   important   to   investigate   several   locations.   Assuming   that   the   excess   quantity   is   about   10%,   in   order   to   obtain   the   reliable   quantity   of   the   beached   litter   on   the   beaches   facing   the   Sea   of   Japan, it   is   necessary  to  investigate  at  least  500  m  of  beach-­line  area  of  6  beaches  every  month.

Key  Words: Suitable  survey  area,  Beach  litter  quantity  excess,  Accumulated  plastic  debris,  Beached  litter,  Floating  marine  debris

[1,2] [3,4] [5,6] [7] 500 [8] ₁₀₀ [9,10] ₁₀ [3] ₅ [4] [11,12] 2 [13]

[14,15] 1 [14,15] / / 5m NPEC 21 [3,4] [14,15] 0.02g 0.5 2 7) 0.67g/ 3 [16] 0.02 0.5 2 2 3 2 6mm 5m [14,16] 1 2 3 [14,15] 2 4 2 2005 5 2010 4 48 5m 4 2010 5 7 10 12 2011 3 9 2 4 4.8 35 N 2000m 2010 4 7 10 2011 2 [17] [6] [5] 300 L [5] [18] 15 3

3 [19] [19] 10.00m 100m GPS 10 m 25m 6 250m 2 500 2 2 [5] 9.1 10.7 14.4 5.6 0.6 6.7 6 [6] [6] _{2 8} 15 [19] 6mm 0.3m [16] 2010 4 2013 3 3.1 L [9,21] [22] [14] [5] 1 1 [21] ₁ 12 1 12 2 1 2

3.2 5m 5m 10m 5m 0.02g 0.5 110,328 268,025g 1 2.4g 1 12 cps 100m hm 17 103_pcs/hm 41kg/hm 46,270 42% 181,472g 68% 0.02g 9.7% 10,684 180,760g 1.4g 3.9g 17g 5m 2 2 26% 63 37 6% 53 47 25m 46% 5m 1 17g 32% 712 0.3% 5 18% 3.0 103_{pcs/hm 78%} 32kg/hm

7) ₃ 3.3 2000m 6 1 11g 3 0.5 6 2000m 4 7 10 2 5m 6 0.5% 509 77pcs/hm, 16% 43,369g 1 85g 8000m 7071 6 88 pcs/hm 5m 5m 2 4 48 9 660m 6 50m 40 2 50m 50m 141pcs/hm [5,16-18] _136pcs/hm 14 17 0.01 40 0.64 0.61 41% 0.44 0.70

2 50m 250m 500m 2 250 250 500 2 250 500 500 750m 7 500 250 20% 500 10% 6 500 2 2 3.4 15 4 165 3 117 1000m 7 15 10 33 1.7 pcs/hm 2 71 3.6 pcs/hm 6 [22] 250m 250m 3 30 250m 500m 11 15 8 6 500m 500m 3.5 [7] [5,17,18] [17,18,20] 1

6 500m 250m 2 3 6 250m 250m 3 750m 6 1500m 12 3000m 3 9000m 6 18000m 3 54000m 250m 36 6 8 6 500m 36 45,257 100m 503pcs/(hm Y) 2 6 42,924 477pcs/(hm Y) 8 27% 17% 20% 36% , 0.5% 3 16% 27% 250m 1 13% 56.5:43.5 500m 6 3000m 12 0% 14% 10% 6 2010 2012 1% 7% 4% 3 2% 3.6 3 1% 9% 3 6 1% 3% 6 1 250m 4 8 250m 4 6 3 2 -2

- 2 22% 6 500m [5,18] 3.7 250m [16,19] 15 6mm 5 6 3 1,096 12pcs/(hm Y) 38% 66% 250m 1500m 6 21% 12 3000m 18 11% 40% 3 4 11% 22% 41% 6 2% 12% 3 9% 250m 2 500m 3 11,537 3,382 128pcs/(hm Y) 38 /(hm Y) 36 6 17% 13) 6 1 0% 6% 3 4% 250m 3

1500m 6 32% 13_{) 12} 3 3 10% 3 25% 49% 6 12 18000m 2% 21% 3 12% 56 44 10% 500m 10% 500m 17) 18) 500m 6

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21, pp.226-235, 2010. [7]

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Ko, S.: Quantities, Composition, and Sources of Beach Debris in Korea from the Results of Nationwide Monitoring, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 84, pp.27-34, 2014. [11] 3 pp.2-23, 2003. [12] 7 pp. 43-50, 2001.

[13]Plastic Debris in the World's Oceans, http://www.unep.org/regionalseas/marine litter/publications/docs/plastic_ocean_ report.pdf (accessed 2014-Octover-31). [14] 25, pp.432-441, 2012. [15] 21, pp.69-74, 2011. [16] 26, pp.150-157, 2013. [17] 22, pp. 285 292, 2011. [18] 24 pp.521-530, 2011. [19] 24 pp.88 96, 2013. [20] , .

[21]Velander, K. and Mocogni, M. : Beach Litter Sampling Strategies: is There a Best Method?, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 38, pp.1134-1140, 1999.

[22]

18

I pp.273-275, 2007.