Potent Anti-acne Activity and Biological Constituents of Terminalia laxiflora and Acacia nilotica as Sudanese Medicinal Plants

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Title Potent Anti-acne Activity and Biological Constituents ofTerminalia laxiflora and Acacia nilotica as Sudanese Medicinal Plants( 本文(Fulltext) )

Author(s) ALI MAHMOUD MUDDATHIR MAHMOUD

Report No.(Doctoral Degree) 博士(農学) 甲第623号 Issue Date 2014-03-13 Type 博士論文 Version ETD URL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12099/49103 ※この資料の著作権は、各資料の著者・学協会・出版社等に帰属します。

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Potent Anti-acne Activity and Biological Constituents of Terminalia laxiflora and Acacia nilotica as Sudanese Medicinal Plants

Terminalia laxiflora Acacia nilotica

2013

The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science,

Gifu University

Science of Biological Resources

(Gifu University)

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Potent Anti-acne Activity and Biological Constituents of Terminalia laxiflora and Acacia nilotica as Sudanese Medicinal Plants

Terminalia laxiflora Acacia nilotica

(4)

Table of contents Table of contents List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements Summary Chapter 1

General introduction, research objectives and thesis outline

Propionibacterium acnes

P. Acnes

(5)

Screening of anti-acne activity of selected Sudanese medicinal plants

Terminalia brownii Abrus precatorius

(6)

Chapter 3

Anti-acne activity of tannin related compounds isolated from Terminalia laxiflora Engl & Diels

Terminalia laxiflora

(7)

Chapter 4

Potency of Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. subsp. nilotica pods as anti-acne agent General conclusion and perspectives

Acacia nilotica

A. nilotica

(8)

List of figures P. acnes Abrus precatorius L Acacia nilotica A. nilotica Acacia nilotica A. nilotica A. nilotica A. nilotica

(9)

of A. nilotica A. nilotica A. nilotica

(10)

List of tables

Propionibacterium acnes T. laxiﬂora

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

Summary

P. acnes P. acnes

(15)

Terminalia

laxiflora Acacia nilotica

(16)

T. laxiflora P.

acnes

Terminalia brownii Combretum hartmannianum

Abrus precatorius T. laxiflora Acacia

nilotica A. nilotica T. brownii A. nilotica T. laxiflora A. nilotica T. brownii T. laxiflora

(17)

A. nilotica

A. nilotica in vivo

(18)

T. laxiflora

T. laxiflora A. nilotica p. acnes

(19)

(20)

(21)

Chapter 1

(22)

(23)

. .

(24)

(25)

1.1.2 Propionibacterium acnes in acne formation P. acnes In vitro P. acnes P. acnes P. acne .

(26)

P. acnes

(27)

Staphyloccocus epidermidis P. acnes P. acnes S. epidermidis P. acnes S. epidermidis S. epidermidis

P. acnes S. epidermidis P. acnes

S. epidermidis

P. acnes

P. acnes

1.1.2.1 Antibiotic resistance in P. Acnes

(28)

P. acnes

in vivo

P. acnes

P. acnes

1.1.3 Lipase in acne formation

P. acnes

(29)

P. acnes P. acnes P. acnes P. acnes P. acnes P. acnes P. acnes P. acnes P.

(30)

acnes P. acnes

T. chebula P. acnes

(31)

P. acnes

k k

(32)

P. acnes

(33)

(34)

(35)

1.1.6 Herbs for acne treatments

Aloe vera

A. vera P.

acnes

Azadirachta indica Curcuma longa Hemidesmus indicus

P. acnes A. vera Allium cepa Centella asiatica C. asiatica Rosa damascene P. acnes

(36)

(37)

Combretum ghasalense Terminalia brownii Acacia seyal

(38)

1.2.2 Overview of medicinal plants in Sudan

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- P ar ki ns on ia a cu le at a A br us p re ca to ri us T ri go ne lla fo en um -g ra ec um - A m br os ia m ar it im e V er no ni a am yg da lin a

(41)

A ri st ol oc hi a br ac te ol at a C it ru ll us c ol oy nt hi s Z iz ip hu s sp in a –c hr is ti L aw so ni a in er m is M or in ga o le if er a S al va do ra p er si ca

(42)

T am ar ix n ilo ti ca C al ot ro pi s pr oc er a S ol en os te m m a ar ge l X an th iu m b ra si li cu m L ep id iu m s at iv um A m m i v is na ga L

(43)

K ha ya s en eg al en si s B al an ite s ae gy pt ia ca C ar um c ar vi H ib is cu s sa bd ar if fa A bu til on p an no su m T er m in al ia b ro w ni i

(44)

C om br et um ha rt m an ni an um T er m in al ia la xi fl or a G ui er a se ne ga le ns is A ca ci a se ya l A ca ci a to rt il is F A ca ci a se ya l

(45)

A ca ci a ni lo ti ca G ar d H ap lo ph yl lu m tu be rc ul at um K ig el ia a fr ic an a (l am .) B H yp ha en e th eb ai ca M or in ga o bl on gi fo li a C ap pa ri s de ci du a

(46)

po ly go nu m g la br um F ag on ia c re tic a L. N ig el la s at iv a S ol an um d ub iu m G re w ia te na x

(47)

1.3 Research objectives and thesis outline

Terminalia laxiflora Acacia

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References

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Propionibacterium acnes Staphylococcus epidermidis

(50)

(51)

Allium cepa

Propionibacterim acnes

Acacia nilotica

(52)

Propionibacterium acnes

(53)

Propionibacterium acnes P.acnes

(54)

Albizia anthelmintica Balanites aegyptiaca In vitro . Propionibacterium acnes Propionibacterium acnes

(55)

P opionibacterim acnes

Corynebacterium acnes

(56)

Propionibacterium acnes Staphylococcus epidermidis

Commiphora myrrha

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vitro Propionibacterium acnes

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Chapter 2

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2.1 Introduction

P. acnes

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2.1.1 Traditional knowledge of some Sudanese medicinal plants used in this study 2.1.1.1 Terminalia brownii Fresen

Terminalia brownii

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T. brownii

Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Natrassia mangifera Fusarium moniliform

2.1.1.2 Abrus precatorius L Abrus precatorius

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Abrus precatorius L 2.1.1.3 Combretum hartmannianum Schweinf

Combretum

Combretum C. hartmannianum,

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C. pentagonum C. hartmannianum

Combretum

C. hartmannianum

2.2 Material and Methods 2.2.1 General Strategy

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2.2.3 Extraction methods 2.2.4 Reagents 2.2.5 Bioassay methods 2.2.5.1 Antimicrobial analysis 2.2.5.1.1 Test microorganism Propionibacterium acnes

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2.2.5.1.2 Evaluation of antibacterial activity

2.2.5.2 Lipase inhibitory analysis P. acnes

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2.2.6 Chemical analysis

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2.2.6.2 Vanillin assay for flavanoids

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2.3 Results and Discussion

Lawsonia inermis C. hartmannianum Acacia seyal Solanum dubium

Balanites aegyptiaca Acacia nilotica

T. brownii C. hartmannianum

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2.3.1 The antimicrobial activity T. laxiflora p. acne T. brownii C. hartmannianum C. hartmannianum Terminalia Combretum

T. sambesiaca T kaiserana T sericea C fragrans C. padoides

T. arjuna

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2.3.2 The antioxidant activity

Acacia nilotica

A. nilotica

2.3.3 Lipase inhibitory activity

A. nilotica A. precatorius

T. laxiflora

T. laxiflora A. nilotica

(80)

P. acnes

A. nilotica

(81)

P ar ki ns on ia a cu le at a A br us p re ca to ri us T ri go ne lla fo en um -g ra ec um A m br os ia m ar it im a V er no ni a am yg da lin a A ri st ol oc hi a br ac te ol at a

(82)

C itr ul lu s co lo yn th is Z iz ip hu s sp in a –c hr is ti L aw so ni a in er m is M or in ga o le if er a Sa lv ad or a pe rs ic a T am ar ix n il ot ic a

(83)

C al ot ro pi s pr oc er a So le no st em m a ar ge l X an th iu m b ra si lic um L ep id iu m s at iv um A m m i v is na ga L K ha ya s en eg al en si s B al an it es a eg yp tia ca

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C ar um c ar vi H ib is cu s sa bd ar if fa A bu ti lo n pa nn os um ( Ter m in al ia b ro w ni i C om br et um ha rt m an ni an um

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T er m in al ia la xi flo ra G ui er a se ne ga le ns is A ca ci a se ya l A ca ci a se ya l A ca ci a to rt il is

(86)

A ca ci a ni lo ti ca H ap lo ph yl lu m tu be rc ul at um K ig el ia a fr ic an a H yp ha en e th eb ai ca M or in ga o bl on gi fo li a C ap pa ri s de ci du as

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po ly go nu m g la br um F ag on ia c re tic a L. N ig el la s at iv a So la nu m d ub iu m G re w ia te na x

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2.3.4 Tannin, Flavonoid and phenolic content

T. brownii T. laxiflora

A. precatorius A. nilotica T. brownii T. laxiflora

T. laxiflora

A. nilotica T. brownii

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2.4 Conclusion

T. laxiflora

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A. precatorius T. brownii

C. hartmannianum

T. laxiflora

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Combretum Terminalia Pteleopsis

Terminalia Combretum

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(95)

Combretum glutinosum

(96)

Terminalia brownii

Acacia nilotica

(97)

(98)

Chapter 3 Anti-acne activity of tannin related compounds isolated from

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(100)

Terminalia laxiﬂora

3.1.1 The genus Terminalia L.

Terminalia Terminalia Terminalia Terminalia Terminalia Terminalia Terminalia Terminalia Terminalia

(101)

Terminalia

3.1.2 Traditional medicinal uses of some species of Terminalia, reported in the literature

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Terminalia Terminalia Terminalia Terminalia Ugali Terminalia Terminalia Terminalia Terminalia

(103)

Terminalia

Candida Cryptococcus neoformans

Trichophyton Epidermophyton Microsporum . Terminalia Terminalia sp Terminalia Terminalia Terminalia T. sericea

(104)

3.1.3 Terminalia laxiflora Engl & Diels Terminalia laxiflora

(105)

T. laxiflora T. laxiflora T. laxiflora T laxiflora T. laxiflora T. laxiflora

(106)

P. acnes

3.2 Materials and methods 3.2.1 Plant materials

T. laxiﬂora

3.2.2 Extraction and isolation T. laxiﬂora

F1

(107)

F2

3.2.3 Identification of isolated compounds from T. laxiﬂora

d

(108)

3.3 Results and discussion

3.3.1 The antimicrobial activity P. acnes

T. laxiﬂora P. acnes

T. macroptera Helicobacter pylori

(109)

P. acnes

3.3.2 Lipase inhibitory activity

p. acnes

P. acnes

(110)

p. acnes T. chebula

T. bellirica

p. acnes

Caesalpinia sappan

(111)

P. acnes

(112)

Terminalia sp

T. chebula

3.4 Conclusion

T. laxiﬂora

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Propionibacterium acnes T. laxiﬂora

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m/z

J J

J J J

(117)

O O _OH O O O O O O O O O O O OH O H O H OH OH O H OH OH O H O H O H OH O H O H O OH 1'' 2'' 3'' 4'' 5'' 6'' 1 23 4 5 6 7 7' 1' 2' 3' 4' 5'6' B C D A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 5 6 7 4 7

(118)

References Terminalia chebula Caesalpinia sappan Terminalia sericea Terminalia sericea Propionibacterium acnes

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Terminalia laxiflora

Combretum Terminalia Pteleopsis

(120)

Shorea laeviforia

Terminalia pallida

(121)

Terminalia bellirica

(122)

Propionibacterium sp

Terminalia bellerica Terminalia chebula Terminalia horrida

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Chapter 4 Potency of Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile subsp. nilotica pods as

anti-acne agent

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P. acnes

(128)

P. acnes

P. acn

4.1.1 The genus of Acacia sp. Acacia

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4.1.2 Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile subsp. nilotica (a) (b) Acacia nilotica Acacia nilotica A. nilotica A. nilotica

(130)

4.1.3 The non medicinal use of A. nilotica A. nilotica

A. nilotica

A. nilotica

4.1.4 The medicinal use and chemical constituents of A. nilotica

A. nilotica

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A. nilotica A. nilotica A. nilotica A. mearnsii Acacia A. nilotica

(132)

A. nilotica

A. nilotica

A. nilotica p.

(133)

(134)

Acacia nilotica 4.2 Material and Methods

4.2.1 Plant materials A. nilotica

4.2.2 Preparation of plant extracts A. nilotica

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4.2.3 HPLC analysis

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A. nilotica

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Acacia nilotica methanolic pod extracts

MPLC (ODS column)

95:5 H2O: MeOH 80:20 H2O: MeOH 50:50 H2O: MeOH

F1 F2 _F3 F1/ Fr2 Preparative F3-1 Fr3-2 Fr3-3 Fr3-4 Fr3-5 Fr3-6 Fr3-7 Fr3-8 HPLC Methyl gallate Gallic acid A. nilotica

(138)

4.2.5 Bioassay methods

4.3 Result and discussion

P. acnes P. acnes P. acnes A. nilotica Staphylococcus aureus p. acnes Staphylococcus aureus

(139)

A. nilotica

(140)

Osbeckia chinensis

A. nilotica p. acnes

Galla Rhois

(141)

A. nilotica in vivo in vivo A. nilotica A. nilotica Hamamelis virginiana A. nilotica

(142)

(143)

A. nilotica

of A. nilotica

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(145)

(146)

(147)

(148)

General conclusion and perspectives

(149)

P. acnes T. laxiflora A. precatorius T. laxiflora A. nilotica A. nilotica T. laxiflora T. laxiflora A. nilotica in vitro in vivo

(150)

(151)

References

Acacia nilotica nilotica

A. nilotica A. mearnsii

Staphylococcus aureus

(152)

Acacia nilotica Hibiscus sabdariffa

.

Acacia nilotica

(153)

in vitro

(154)

Galla Rhois

Caesalpinia pulcherrima

(155)

Terminalia bellerica Terminalia chebula Terminalia horrida

(156)

Acacia nilotica

(157)

Osbeckia chinensis

Rubus niveus

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