• 検索結果がありません。

TWO-COMPARTMENT MODEL IN PHARMACOKINETICS FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF THE ALMOST-ONE PARAMETER HYPOTHESIS

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

シェア "TWO-COMPARTMENT MODEL IN PHARMACOKINETICS FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF THE ALMOST-ONE PARAMETER HYPOTHESIS"

Copied!
8
0
0

読み込み中.... (全文を見る)

全文

(1)

     We tried to apPly the two−compartment model to the metal)olic process of intramuscular inj ection of Amikacin. On its way we came across an evidence, 、 which suPports our hypothesis・This evidence is Verified by some other drugs. 1°L・tthe. c・ncentrati・n。f・・Ub・t鋤・・in.b1・Od・t t h・urs・fter it・ ad㎞inistrati㎝be O rt). Then according. to the two’−co叩artment mode1, we have 〔1・1) σ「t)一・1・rp(λユt)チ・2・Mλ2妨 f°「th・・ang・⇔㌔〆砲ere・i qnd Xi「i ・=ヱ・2)are c・n・t飢t・・λヱ・λ2 i・ assumed.      Then, h being a given constant, the fbllowing difference equation is derived from (1.1).  .       .

(1・2) 0「t≠2hノーShO「t・h)チPバ0・

where we set (1・3) Sh=e・rp rλヱhノ・・arp’rλ2h)飢d Ph 一 ・up[Cxヱ+λ2周・      Sh and ph are the sum and the product of two roots of a quadratic

equatlon

蕊)discr三,5蕊・=一゜;。h,

     Let the notation be indexed by i for the i−th individua1. This index may be dropPed, if there is no fear of confusiop・      Acc・rdi㎎t・・u・h)rP・thesi・・th・,c・rre1・ti・n. b・tween S玩飢d P厄鵬t be high・Ass㎝・th・t th・.・・rrel・ti・n・・effi・i・nt・h b・tween these tw・ parameters be≠ヱ. Then the straight lines

(1・5) 〃−Shi・’ 一 Phis‥」・2・…・・

are

@concu「rent・or there exists a fixed point (αh,βh) sudh that (1・6〕 βh = ・・hShi 一・ Phi・      Fig. 1 is drawn for.the first example in. theヒnext section.

261

(2)

262

M.MASUYAMA

5 Fig.      Replacing h by 2h, we should obtain by our hypothesis the relation

(1・7) β2ゲ・2施厄一P2hi・.’ .

     Since there exist algebraic relations      ・

(…〕 ・、バ・膓…ら2−・、h…h

by・h・d・f血・・i・n〔…〕,repre・en・血・ph2 t・・f・・d͡・dra・i・f皿・・i・n・麺 Sh, we obtain the following relations.

〔…〕 ・2バ・h2−・h・孤d・2、一・h2・

輪・he c∞・dina・…f・h・previ・u・ fixed p・i・t are gi・・n by r・h.・h2ノ・      Referring to the equation (1.4),we conclude that one root of it is

in・・p㎝・・…f・h・血・司孤d h・nce・h−・、h・

     Si五ce・㌍1h・1d・・nly ・pP・・x迦・t・1y, thi・m・孤・th・t th・血・ng− individual variability of one root is sma11. By the way, we notice that when th・di・cr血m孤・Dh i・n・g・・i・…h・n 1・hl<<・一一%iS d迦…i・n・ess−一, suggestj丑g that it owes most probably to errors in measurement.      Before proceeding to the next sect‡on,、we note that even though two 「lmuom va「iables Xl and X2 are㎜tually independent, their sum S and their P「oduct P are not independent.       .

(3)

we obtain the spurious correlation coefficient (1.11〕 ,一。。vrs.・Pノ/』r5ノ.。副pノ]1/2. 20   We set h = ヱrhrノ. Example 1.  Intramuscular inj ection of 200mg Ami](acin. (Pig. 1 G 2〕      The following table is made of the data given in the reference [2]. Subj ect    l    2    3

4510 78Qン

Olつ乙

111

   5 1.264 0.582 ヱ.167 −0.295 1.297 0.597 −0.175 0.349 0.322 0.326 2.002 0.ヱ85    P O.423 −0.028 0.333 −0.598 0.449 −0.042 −0.554 −0.ヱ95 −0.139 −0.238 0.969 −0.320   al O.6267 0.6699 0.6397 0.6606 0.66ヱ9 0.6493 0.5671 0.6774 0.8ヱ93 0.6657 1.    a2# −0.0447 0.4971 −0.9347 −0.0636 −0.8369 −0.3003 −0.245ヱ ー0.3514 ヱ.2827 −0.4807 rDl=−0・094ノ a)1=−0・114)          hrs

t=ヱ∼4

       Table

βヱ.㌘S。e惣;el。lsg2,隠。W隠t,12,51撰ぷ;、1’68° 

     The c・rrelati・n・・effi・i・・t b・tween S ・nd P is equal t・・ヱ=0・9978 f・r ・−il2・ubj ect・・lf・w・・h・1ve at・・nd・m th・・amPl・・th・n w・・btqip. ・、 一・・9994 f°・・ubj ect・#ヱNfl 6・and ・ヱー0・9979 f・r・Ubj ect・#7∼fl i8・H・nce th・ correlation is significant.      If we assume th…d・r ・」>92 b・加een tw・r・・ts・th・n w・・btain Ml =0・700ヱ・M2 =0・0547・γ2=0・0298・V2 =.0・2918 ・nd P=0・2604・H・nce our high correlation is not attributable to「the spurious one.     .      The c・・re1・ti・n・・effi・i・・t・2 b・tween S2・・d P2 i・equ・1 t・0・9850・ Exa皿ple 2.  Intra皿uscular inj ection of ヱ20∼ηg Tobramycin [.5].. (Fig. 3〕

#91=0・6638・・ヱー0・0632∫

z2=−0・1578・s2 = 0.6220.

(4)

264

M.MASUYAMA

1.0 0.5 0.0 一〇.5 0.0     1.O

Fig.2

2.0 F 10 0 P. Tobramycin 0 10

Fig.3

20

(5)

      5     6.31   4.6ヱ   2.96   1.72      ヱ.085    0.323       6     6.24   4.ヱ6   2.75   1.3ヱ      22.429   ヱ4.5ヱ2       Table 2.     rヱ = 0・9999 and r2 = 0・999 998・ Exanlg)1e 3.  Naldixic acid 〔250∼ng tablet)[2]. (Fig. 4) n=6.     r  = 0.9990・       ヱ      L。t f。u。。bservati。。, at’.t.. 6.8.24. and 32h「s b。 。n。1y、ed。、 if th・y were・bse・v・d・t・qu・1 t血・int・rva1・th・n we・bt・in ・1 一 O・ヱ1・H・nce if the model is not valid, we obtain smaller pヱ.      ア2=0・99997・ Exalnple 4.  Metronidazole (251mg sugar−coated pi11) [2]. 〔Fig. 5) n= 10.      r  = 0.9995.   r  = 0.999 97.       ヱ      2 勺︹odu柏×パ㊥HdZ Subj ect    1    2

3 456 7︵69

0 1 Example 5・     5   0.4832 −1.8348   0.2662   0.8558   0.3341 −13.7675   0.2487   1.1386   1.328ヱ   0.57ユO     t=2 Subj ect    1★    2k    3    4    5*     P   O.0592 −0.88ヱ7 −0.ヱ0ヱヱ   0.2894 −0.0527 −7.2913 −0.07ヱヱ   0.2436   0.4ヱヱ0   0.0846    hi・s

∼5

Indomethacin

   5 0.2826 0.3932 0.7ヱ80 0.5277 0.4526   t=ヱ ΦHON時勺門自O﹄]ΦΣ Subj ect     S         P    1    −0.9681   −2.8354    2     0・9339    0.0042    3★   −O.7680    一ヱ.8381

   40.0500−0・7847

   5t   ヱ・1209   0.2370    6k  −7.3020  −8.37ヱ2    7★    0.7523   −0.2598    8     0.6265   −0.ヱ726    9    0.9642    0.0381   10    0.5970  −0・27・19        hi・s       t=’ヱ∼4  Table 3. 〔25mg per os)Ser.A[2]. 〔Fig.6)     P −0.ヱ025 −O.0969   0.0588 −0.OIO9 −0.0212    h?s ∼ 4     Table 4. Subj ect    6    7★    8    9   10    5 0.5559 3.04ヱヱ ー0.0837 0.4880 一ヱ.ヱ98ヱ     P O.0304 2.8545 −0.3138 0.0224 −0.7587

(6)

266

M.『MASUYAMA 0 一5 一10 一5 0

Fig.4

0 一5 一10 P 一5 0

Fig.5

i

(7)

     ・・・・…[・],wh・re㌔⑳一・h”s f・r・iX・…f・…ubject・,…b・麺d

?o=@0.62 for these ten subj ects.    .       、     .  ⊥   . Hence when the two−compartment niodel is not valid, we obtain smallerア        ヱ’ 0 一〇.5 一1.0 一〇.5 0.0 0.5

Fig.6

Example 6. Subj ect    l    2    3    4    5    6 Intramuscular inj ection ofヱ20mg Gentamicin [5]. (Fig. 7) r

h

1

360∨

ロ  ェ   

767

67ヱ

   サ  ロ

760V

veP=0・9964・ 2

0∨78

   コ  ロ

4636

OV4↓4占 ●  ■  ・

34ハ0

3 2︵◎4↓ コ  コ  コ 2∂弓∂2∂

254占

ロ  お  の

224一

 Z

 碗

 μ

 ヱ78

4﹁ ° °°  9ρ9ロー 仁∪2ヵ0 ●  ●  ・

ヱ22

Table 5. 「2 =0・9849・    5 0.5385 0.4469 0.4592 ヱ.8625 一ヱ.4330 4.89ヱ3    P −0.0769 −0.2949 −−O.035ヱ 0.6689 −・P.3142 2.9565 #  Even if the first observed value is the largest, our皿odel worl(s unless the t「ue t。、、, is la「ge「th・n th・・bserv・d・n・・≡is sh・wr・ i・E・a・rpl・4・

(8)

268

M.MASUYAMA

2 0 一2 一2 0 2 4

Fig.7

REFERENCES

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Masuyama, M.〔1978〕:Ages at onset of a physiological or pathological   phenomenon. A mUlti−co町)artment nx)de1.丑∼びMath2matios,14−1,49−52. Masuyama, M.,Ogata, H.,Kaniwa, N.,and Aoyagi, N.〔1984):Further   analysis of the metabolic data from the vieWpoint of the almost−one  parameter h)rl)othesis, ibid., 20−1, 11−22. Masuyama, M.(1985〕:1Zhe、4 Zηκ)sヵ一〇ηθPa1・meter石lypothesis AρρZiedカo  AZtxoZoev aηd PhαrvnaOokiηθties. SθZθoted P確)θrs of M・ MaSuycvnα・  The Research Institute of the Life Insurance Welfare, Tokyo. Masuyama, M.(1986):Addenda to’1Linearized growth curve etc.‘’.盟〃  丑fathe〃αtios, 22−2, 9−14. Saionj i, K.,Hayashi, Y.,Kosakai, N., Kudo, Y., Ohta, H., Kawai, T., Adachi, F.,Kmii,0.,Kataoka, N.,Kamidono, S., Ishiga血, J.,  Tadano, J. and Kumazawa, J.(1983):Fluorescence polarization immno−  assay fbr the monitoring of aminoglycoside antibiotics level in sen皿  一 Gentamicin 〔GM),Tobramycin 〔TOB),Amikacin 〔AMK〕一, Seibutu−sirアou−  bunseki, 6, NO.2, 24−39. In Japanese with English abstract.

DEPARnm OF APPLIED MMmn‘IAiTICS

SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO

参照

関連したドキュメント

Altering one knot value, curve points move on well-defined paths, the limit of which can be computed if the knot value tends to infinity.. Symmetric alteration of two knot values

It is suggested by our method that most of the quadratic algebras for all St¨ ackel equivalence classes of 3D second order quantum superintegrable systems on conformally flat

Now it makes sense to ask if the curve x(s) has a tangent at the limit point x 0 ; this is exactly the formulation of the gradient conjecture in the Riemannian case.. By the

In particular, we consider a reverse Lee decomposition for the deformation gra- dient and we choose an appropriate state space in which one of the variables, characterizing the

Maria Cecilia Zanardi, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá, 12516-410 São Paulo,

The main problem upon which most of the geometric topology is based is that of classifying and comparing the various supplementary structures that can be imposed on a

We consider the Cauchy problem for nonstationary 1D flow of a compressible viscous and heat-conducting micropolar fluid, assuming that it is in the thermodynamical sense perfect

Then it follows immediately from a suitable version of “Hensel’s Lemma” [cf., e.g., the argument of [4], Lemma 2.1] that S may be obtained, as the notation suggests, as the m A