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遠方場S波の近似式に基づく地震波形の半経験的合成法

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(1)

{st

g]

Journa]

of

St[uctu[aL

and

Construction

Engineerlng

Htsefi7ftMfiXtaNvafipt

uDc:sso.

347

,

(Traosactions

oi

AIJ)

Ne.

396,

Feb[uary,

1989

ng3g6e

・1gsg4

2A

A

SEMI-EMPIRICAL

METHOD

TO

SYNTHESIZE

'

'

EARTHQUAKE

GROUND

MOTIONS

BASED

ON

'

APPROXIMATE

FAR-FIELD

SHEAR-WAVE

DISPLACEMENT

by

KAZUO

DAN',

TAKAHIDE

WATANABE"

and

TEIJI

TANAKA**',

Members

of

A.

I.

J.

1.

Introduction

Estimation

of

strong

ground

motions

is

an

important

subject

foi

earthquake resistant

design

of

structures.

Since

Hartzell's

work

(lg78)",

a semi-empirical method

to

simulate

ground

motions of a

large

earthquake

by

utilizing

small-event

records

as

Green'$

functions

has

been

applied

by

many

'researchers.

Kanamori

{1979)'2

pfoposed'a

rnethod

to

simulate

Love-wave

displacements

by

considering

the

difference

of

the

seismic mornent

between

the

small

and

th'e

large

events.

Imagawa

&

Mikumo

(1982)'3

and

Irikura

(1983)'`

simulated

displacement

and velocity motions, respectively,

based

on

the

similarity ielations of earthquakes

that

the

ruptured

fault

,length,

width and

average

distocation

are

proportional

to

each other,

Tanaka

etaL

(1982)'5

simulated

accelerograms

by

considering

only

the

difference

of

the

fault

area

between

the

two

events

in

order

to

avoid

the

ghost

peak

corresponding

to

the

rise'

time

of

the

small

event.

For

the

synthesis

of

the

ground

displacement

or velocity motions,

the

number of superposition of

the

small-event records

is

basically

the

ratio of

the

seismic moment

between

the

small and

the

large

events.

This

may correspond

to

the

fact

that

the

seismic moment

is

determined

from

the

arnplitude, of

the

motions whgse

frequency

is

generally

lower

than

O.1Hz.

On

the

other

hand,

for

the

synthesis of

the

acceLeratiQn, more attention must

be

paid

to

the

efficiency of

generation

of

high-frequency

rnotions

that

does

fiot

directly

correspond

to

the

seismic

mornent.

The

authors

(1987)'`

modified

Tanaka

et al,'s

method consistently with

the

co-square model

prop'Qsed

by

Aki

(lg67)"

and showed

the

applicability

of

the

method

to

the

epicentral

region

of

the

197g

Imperial

Valley

earthquake,

Their

method,

however,

has

some

problems

that

the

Fourier

amplitude

becomes

zero at some

frequencies

because

of a ramp slip

function

and

that

the

boundary

frequency

between

low

and

high

frequencies

is

determined

by

mathematical

convenience,

In

this

paper,

a new

synthesis

method

is

proposed

in

ordei

to

give

some

physical

aspects

to

the

modification

of

small-event records as

Green's

functions.

The

method

is

basecl

en

the

assumption

that

the

source

spectra

of

the

two

events could

be

modeled

by

an

approximate

source

spectrum

for

far-field

shear

waye

proposed

by

Brune

(1970)*B,

which

is

ene

of

the

to-square

model.

The

difference

of

the

low-frequency

motions

between

the

two

events

is

taken

into

account

by

considering

the

difference

of

the

seismic moment, and

that

of

the

high-frequency

motions

by

considering

the

difference

of

the

eff6ctive stress and

the

fault

area.

The

method

is

applied

to

the

velocity

and

acceteration

motions

from

the

fore

shock

(M

4,

9)

and

the

main

shock

(M

6.

7)

of

the

1980

Izu;Hanto-Toho-Oki

earthquake.

The

predominant

frequencies

of

the

velocity motions are about

O.

1

Hz

and

those

of

the

accelegation motions are

from

1

to

10Hz.

2.

Synthesjs

Method

The

approximate

far-field

shear-wave

displacement

proposed

by

Brune

can

be

described

6y

Note

:

Some

partsof thispaper were presented attheannual meetl"g ofthe Architectu[at [nstituteef

Japan

in

19S7,

thesemi-annual meetlng ofthg

Selsmo]egical

Soclety

of

Japan

{n

1987, and

Internationat

Symposium

on

Earthquake

Countermeasures

ifi

lgs8,

Beijing,

China.

*

Ohsaki

Research

Institute,

Shirnizu

Corporation,

M.

Eng.

**

Ohsaki

Research

Institute,

Shimizu

Co[po[ation,

Dr.

Eng.

#*

Ohsaki

Research

lnstitute,

Shimizu

Co[po[ation,

Df,

Sc.

,

(Manuscript

received

August

31,

1988)

(2)

.{t)-Fs(-i:)(-::')p(t-g)exp[-to.(t-g)].

o)

Here

FS

is

the

radiation

pattern

of

shear wave,

X

is

the

source

size,

r

is

the

hypocentral

distance,

a.

is

the

effective stress,

"

is

the

rigidity of

the

medium,

B

is

the

shear-wave velocity and a),

is

the

corner circular

frequent:y,

The

Fourier

transform

pair

is

obtained

by

9(to)=FS(J")(f')(.,.fli.)t・

(2)

where

j

is

A

and

the

time-lag

term

of

exp[-jafifr]

is

neglected.

On

the

other

hand,

according

to

the

theoretical

solution ef a shear-wave

displacement

(Aki

&

Richards,

].980)'9,

g(O)

is

given

by

the

following

equation:

9(O)=

FS

4

.wh/fi,r .

(

3)

Here

Mh

is

the

seisrnic moment and

p

is

the

density

of

the

medium.

From

equations

C

2

)

and

(

3

),,

the

cerner

circular

frequency

can

be

written

by

wc:=2B nAaelMo.

(4)

When

the

ruptured

fault

length

L,

width

W

and

average

dislocation

D

are

proportional

to

each other

(Kanamori

&

Anderson,

1975)'iO,

the

seismic

moment

Mh

is

proportional

to

A3

ancl

then

the

corner circular

frequend:y

w,

is

proportional

to

11A

because

A=ViJU773F

and

M,=-tLVV[D.

In

order

to

represent

the

spectrurn

of

an

actually

recorded

displacement,

we shall consider

the

effect of

the

quality

factor

Q

of

the

medium and

the

receiver

characteristics

H(w).

The

modeled spectrum can

be

described

by

9(to)

'=

F`4

ntssr

(1+J'

.W.

)Mt

(1'

2Qrr

)W'1`""H(.).

(s)

We

as$ume

that

the

ratios of

the

ruptured

fault

length,

width, average

dislocation

and effective stress of

the

large

event

to

those

of

the

small

event

are

a,

b,

c

and

d.

Then

the

expected spectrum

geneTated

by

the

{p,

q)

element

whose size

ls

equal

to

that

of

the

small

event

is

obtained

by

.

gdial==(rr.s)d(tu..tN'+Jte+jw)'(1.2Qrr)W`'m-'sVMptggw).

{6)

Here

FS,

p,

S,

Q

and

H(w}

for

the

large

event

are

all assumed

to

be

the

same as

those

foT

the

small event.

The

subscripts

pq

and

s

indicate

the

values

for

the

(p,

q)

element

and

the

small

event,

respectively,

The

expected

spectrum

generated

by

the

(p,

q)

element

converges

into

the

following

formulas

(7)

and

(8)

for

ts・< to,, and

for

to>to,., when

the

hypocentral

distance

of

the

small

event

is

the

sarne

as

that

of

the

(p,

a)

element.

9pq(w)==C9s(w)

co<wcs

(7)

9pq{to)=d9s{tu)

to>wcs

(8)

Consequently,

the

expected

motion

from

the

large

earthquake can

be

written

by

ab

uKt)=

£

Z

u.ditny

t..),

<9)

p]tgml

where u..{t)

is

the

inverse

Fourier

transform

ef

equation

(

6

)

and

t..

is

the

traveling

time-lag

for

the

rupture

process

and

the

wave

propagation

for

each

(p,

q)

element,

Note

here

that,

when

the

effective

stress

of

the

small event

is

equal

to

that

of

the

large

event, our synthesis method

is

equivalent

to

those

by

Imagawa

&

Mikumo

(19s2)

''3

and

Irikura

<1983)'`

for

the

low-frequency

motions and

to

that

by

Tanaka

et aL

(lg82>'5

for

the

high-frequency

motions.

Figure

1(a)

shows a scheme of

the

spectra

for

a small event as a

Green's

function,

fora

large

eart.hquake

to

be

simulated

and

for

the

(p,

q)

eLement

on

the

1arge

earthquake

fault.

Figure

1(b>

shows

their

ratios.

Here

the

ratios

a,

b

and

c

are all assumed

to

be

equal

to

n

and

d

equal

to

1.

3.

Discussion

on

the

Synthesis

Method

Under

some assumptions,

the

theoretical

representation of a

shear-wave

displacement

(Aki

&

Richards,

1980)#9

is

written

by

"(t)=4.FneSs."fA,b[t-S-T(e)]dS(e)・

(lo)

(3)

-28-9(a})・4appar/IFSpL,vrP,

n3

n2

'n

1

n-1

n-2

bl

cs

n3

n2

n

1

n-1

n-3 n-2 n-1

1

n n2

(a)

Modeled

Spectra

Fig.

1

Scherne

of the spectra and their raties used

in

this

paper/

Green's

function,

a

large

earthquake to

be

simulated and the

(p,

.

where

S(g)

is

the

fault

plane,

D(t)

is

the

differential

o rapture at a

point

of,e on

the

fault

plane.

The

Fourier

9("')=4

.FneSs.

ptb(w)

flL,

exp

[-i

where

b(tu)

is

the

Fourier

transform

pair

of

b(t).

with a

decay

time

of

11ca.

(Brune,

1970)'S:

ae(t)=aeeXP(-wDt)

Since

the

slip

func,tion

is

written

by

'

-2ae

fl

.

pt

toD

a,.

in

equation

(12)

and

b(w.).in

equation

(11)

are

'

2age

tuD-

itD

t

b(.)=

D

.

1+j-W

toD

Subsequently,

equation

(6).can

be

rewrittep

by

9pq{

a))=(

rr.S,

)d

.,.ISSI+c

J+'

WJ・.

(1

-

2Qn

'

The

characterist.ics of

this

formula

is

similar

to

formula

(

6

),

'

also maintained.

not exPlain

high-frequgncy

motions very well

(Aki,

1967>".

of equation

(5)

in

this

paper.

4.

Applicatjon

to

the

1980

lzu-Hanto-Toho-Oki

Earthquake

Figure

2

shows

the

location

of

the

fault

plane

for

the

main

the

fore

shock

{M

4.

9)

used as a

Green"s

station

OThaezaki

(34,

60eN,

138,

21"E)

and

the

acceleration

-

91{a,)19s(a))

----

Slpq(w)ia,{w)

n-3n-2n-11n

w

cs

n2

(b)

Ratios

of

the

Modeled

Spectra

Thesubscripts

s,

l

and

pq

indicate

the

yalues

ferasmall

event asa

q)

element

6n

the

large

earthquake

fattlt,

respectively.

f

the

slip

function

of

the

source, and

T(e)

is

a

starting

time

of

transform

pair

of equation

(10)

is

obtained

by

tu[ii-+T{e)lldS(e),

'

We

assume

here

that

the

effective stress

decreases

exponentially

'

t->O.

(12)

[1-exp(-wDt)],

represented

by

thefollowing

equations

:

(13)

(14)

(15)

)"tr7-tev4nng.(w).

.

{l6)

and

the

relationships of equations

("7')

and

(8)

are

Although

an exact solution can

be

obtained

from

equation

(10)

under some

hssumptions

(Haskell,

1964)'ii,

it

does

Therefore

we will adopt

the

approximate representation

shock

(M

6.

7)

projected

on

the

surface,

the

epicenter of

function

and

the

recording stations.

The

velocity motions were recorded at

motions at stations

Takada

{35.280N,

139.

19eE)

and

(4)

-29-Table1

Source

pafarneters

fer

the

1980Izu-Hanto-Toho-Okiearthquake.

Origintirne

Latitude

!.ongitude

Focaldepth

Magnitude

Faultlength

Faultwidth

Source

size

Dislocation

Seismiemoment

Effective

stress

Cornerfrequency

Distance

(

Omaezaki

)

Distance

(

Takada

)

Distance

(

Kawana

)

MgidityShear

wave velocity

DensityQualityfactor

MLWxDMooewc12nrrr

[km]

[km][km][kml[m][dyne-cm]

[bar][Hz][km][km][km]

Common

parameters

P

[dyneicm2]

P

[kmtsec]

P

[gfcm3]

Q

Fore

shock

June

28,

12:05

34.9220N

139,2300E

11.64.92.7(16t6)

1.3

(816)

1.06O.17

(ll6)

2.4

×

1023

30O,79100.742.e15.1

4,OxlOll

3.82,8250

Mainshock

June

29,,

16:120

34.8920N

139,228'E

10.56.71686.415.1

×

lolZ5

30O.1399.245.015.3

Kawana

{34.95eN,

139.130E).

The

velocity

metions were recorded

by

VS-100

(Velocity-Type

Strong-Motion

Seismograph),

whose reliable ampSitude range

is

5

×

10-`

to

100kine

over a

frequency

range

of

O,02

to

20Hz

<Muramatu

&

Ohnuma,

1988)"Z.

The

acceleration

motions

of

stations

Takada

and

Kawana

were recorded

by

DSA-1

(Digital

Strong

Motion

Accelerograph),

whose

reliable

frequency

range

is

DC

to

50

Hz

and

by

SMAC-B

(Strong

Motion

Accelerograph,

Type

B),

whose Teliable

frequency

range

is

aboutO.

1-O.

5

to

10

Hz

(Tanaka

etat. ,

1980

and

Iai

&

Kurata,

1978)'i3・'i4,

respectively.

The

seurce

parameters

used

for

the

simulation

are

summarized

in

Table

1.

The

locations

are

taken

after

Matsu'ura

(1983)'i5

and

the

ruptu:ed

fault

length

and width correspond

to

the

distribution

of

the

fore

shocks and afteTshocks.

Since

the

ratio of

the

Fourier

spectra

is

roughly

20o

<

=63) at

frequency

of about

O.

1

Hz

as shown

in

Figure

4,

which

directly

corresponcls

to

the

ratio of

the

seismic moment,

the

ratios

a,

b

and

c

are all assumed

to

be

equal

to

6

and

d

equal

to

1,

based

en

the

similarity relations of earthquakes

proposed

by

Kanamori

&

Anderson

(lg7s)t'e.

Here

we

assume

that

both

of

the

fore

shock

and

the

rnain shock

are

strike

slip

type

events

and

the

effective

stress

can

be

approximated

by

stress

drop

which

is

represented

by

the

formula

of

(2

stD)1(rrW).

The

receiver characteristics

H{to)

is

assurned

to

be

2.

0ther

parameters

are

obtained

to

fit

the

spectra

shown

in

Figures3-8

by

the

trial

and error

approach

in

reference

te

the

results

of

other

researchers.

Figure

3

shows

the

observed and modeled

Fourier

spectra of

the

velocity motions of station

Omaezaki.

Figure

4

shows

the

ratios of

the

spectia

shown

in

Figure

3.

Figures5-8

show

the

Fouriei

spectra

and

the

ratios

of

the

acceleration rnetions of stations

Takada

and

Kawana.

The

acceleTation

motions of

station

Kawana

were

band-passed

with a cosine

type

function

f[om

O.

1

to

O.

2

Hz

and

from

10

to

20

Hz

(Tanaka

etal.,

lg8o)+i3.

The

medeled spectra represent

the

observed ones

pretty

weli, and

the

modeled ratios, which afe

more

important

for

the

simulation

by

a semi-empirical

method,

agree

with

the

observed

ones

in

sufficient

accuracy.

The

fault

model

finally

adopted

for

the

synthesis

is

shown

in

FiguTe

9.

Figure

10

is

the

result

of

station

Ornaezaki

for

(a)

the

fore-shock

velocity metion

{M

4.

9),

(b)

the

synthesized

(5)

-30-main-shock motion and

(c)

the

observed main-shock

ilelocity

motion

(M

6.

7).

We

can simulate well

the

waveform,

especially

the

amplitude and

the

phase

of

the

first

several waves,

Figures

ll

and

12

are

the

results of stations

Takada

and

Kawana.

The

acceleration motions

of

station

Kawana

are

low-cut

with acosine

type

function

from

O.

25

to

O.

s

Hz

because

of

the

characteristics of

the

Fourier

spectra

for

the

fore-shock

motion

shown

in

Figure

7.

Altheugh

the

agreement

of

the

waveforms

is

not so

good

as

the

result of station

Omaezaki,

the

levei

and

the

duration

time

of

the

36,ON 3S,DN

Omaezeki

34.0N

13e.O'E 139.0E L4e,DE

Fig.2

Location

of

the

198e

Izu・Hanto-Toho-Oki

earthquake.

The

star

indicates

the

epicgnter of the

fore

shock

for

a

Green's

function.

Velocity

motions were recorded at

station

Omaezaki

and acceleratien motions at stations

Takada

and

Kawana

GRLxSEC

100.0

10.0

1.0

O.1

O.Ol

O.2'

D.5

1.0

2.8

・5.0

10,020.0

HZ

Fig.5

Observed

and modeled

Fourier

spectra of

the

accelerqtiQn motions of station

Takada

(EW

component).

1OO.O

KINExSEO

10.0

1.0

O.1

O.Ol

O.OOI

o.oso.l

o.2

o.s

r.o

2.o

s.olo

Fig.3

Observed

and mocleled

Fouriei

spectra of

velocity motions ef station

Omaezaki

(EW

cornponent).

100.0

10.0

1.0

O.050.1

O,2

O.5

1.

Fig4

Ratios

of

the

spectTa

GALxSEC

looe.o

100.0

10.0

LO

o.i

0.2

O.5

1.0

2.a・

Fig.7

Observed

and modeted acceleration mot{ons ef

(EW

component).

100.0

0

2.0

shown5ln

.O

HZthe

.OIO.O

HZ

Figure

3.

s.oFeurierstatlon

10,020.

spectra of

Kawana

O

HZthe

ID.O

1.0

O.1

O.2

Fig.6

t-

=--"lnl

'

-M6.71M4.9

iiii,Iig,fikl'i,!,'s,X!

-

T-1 1Il)

'10.0

1.0

Ol

,--

M

6.7

tM

4.9

11H II

ieqi'igiei

Oh5

1,O

2.0

5.0

10.020.0

HZ

Ratios

of the spectra shown m

FiguTe5.

itil

k"..

:-vg

O.2Fig.B

O.5

l.O

2.0

5.D

Ratios

of the spectra shown10in.O20.0

HZ

(6)

SS,ON

34.eN

34.8N

(a)

Projection

on

the

surfaee

N15.W

S150E

fiMm.st

fiMo

fipapt

¢

8krn:

8km

1616kme

16

kmv=3,3km/sec

fi:"di

z

HMco

6RL

15

e

-15GRL

7e

o

-70

GfiL

70

o

--70

fo)

Division

of

the

fault

plane

Fig.9

Fault

model

for

the synthesis.

(a)

Fore-shock

motion

(

M

4.9

)

fo)

Synthesized

main-shoek

motion

v'

(SEC]

O

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

tB

2e

22

24

(c)

Observed

main-shock

rnotion

(

M

6.7

)

Fig.11

Comparison

of

the

ebserved and synthesized

acceleration motions of statien

Takada

{EW

component).

-32-KINE

D.05

D,OO

--o.os

KrNE

!nO

0・0

-1.0

KINE

1.0

O.o

-1.0

pmww

(a)

Fere-sbock

motion

(

M

4.9

)

Awt

ib)

Synthesized

main-sheck

mi)tiein

o

Fig.10

10

20

30

O

SO

60

70

BO

(c)

Observed

main-sheck

rnotion

(

M

6.7

)

CompaTjson

of the obshrved and synthesized velocity motions of station

Omaezaki

(EW

component>.

GRL

100

O

wwNe"

-100

(a)

Fore-shock

motion

(

M

4.9

)

figts

o

Vwtfttwmfl

-400

GAL

(b)

Synthesined

rnain-shock

motion

40D

o

esww

--4OO

CSEC}

O123456789

10

(c)

Observed

main-shock/

motion

(

M

6.7

)

Fig

12

Comparison

of the obsented and synthesized

acceleratien motions of station

Kawana

(7)

KINE100.0

10.0

1.0

O.1

O.Ol

Mainshock

(M6.7)

rn:{-:-:---:--l

"

---l--.1----:i-:.h;:l:'N'.

Synthesized

r

--

-:-

Foreshock

(M4.9)

.Nrt.::

h=O.05-O.1

1.0

SEC

Fjg.13

Comparison

of the velocity respense spectra

for

the

acceleratien motions

in

Figure

ll.

KINE

ISO.O

10.0

1.0

Oe1

Mainshock

(M6.7)

'-l--,s..---"---T

:..tbX'sL-TrSynthesized

.

Foreshock

(M4.9)'

-i

h=O.05

0.1

1.0

SEC

Fig.

14

Comparison

of

the

velocity respense spectra

for

the

acceleration rnotions

in

Figure12.

strong-motion

parts

are silnulated well.

Figures

13

and

14

are

the

comparison of

the

velocity response spectra with a

damping

factor

h

of

O.

05

for

the

acceleration motions shown

in

Figures

11

and

12,

respgctively.

They

represent

the

'seismic-wave

energy

to

be

applied

to

a structure,

The

solid

lines

.are

for

the

observed motions and

the

dotted

lines

are

for

the

synthesized

ipotions.

It

is

apparent

that

the

spectrum chaJacteristics of

the

motions show a

good

agreement

in

the

natural-period range

of

O.

02

to

5

seconds.

5.

Concluding

Remarks

A

new semi-ernpirical method

is

presented

based

on approximate

source

spectrum

for

far-field

shear

wave

proposed

by

Brune,

which

is

ene of

the.

w-sqilare models,

It

can simulate well

the

velocity and acceleration motions

ebserved

during

the

main shock

(M

6.

7>

of

the

1980

Izu-Hante-Toho-Oki

earthquake

by

using

the

recods of

its

fore

shock

(M

4.

9)

as

Green's

functions.

The

predominant

frequencies

of

the

velocity motions are about

O.

1

Hz

and

those

of

the

acceleration motions are

from

]

to

10

Hz.

This

new method

is

very

powerful

when

the

source spectra of

the

large

and

the

small e"ents, or especially

theit

ratio, could

be

represented

by

the

ahsquare model.

Meanwhile,

in

the

actual computation

for

the

1980

Izu-Hanto-Toho-Oki

earthquake,

we adopted

the

similarity

relations

of

eafthquakes

that

the

ruptured

fault

length,

width and average

dislocation

are

proportional

to

each other and

that

the

stress

drop

is

constant

Therefore,

when

this

method

is

applied

to

other earthquakes which would not maintain

the

similarity relations, more careful attention should

be

paid

to

the

source

parameters,

Furthermore,

in

order

to

apply

this

new semi-empirical method

to

estimation of strong

greund

motiens

for

earthquake

resistant

design

of

structures,

following

two

problEms

must

be

resolved

:

1)

applicability

to

large

earthquakes

with

magnitude

of

abottt

8

and

2)

evaluation

of

the

variation of

estimated

values

for

different

small-event motions as

Green's

functions.

The

authors wish

to

express

their

appreciation

to

emeritus

Prof,

I.

Muramatu

of

Gifu

University,

'Prof,

K,

Irikura

of

Kyoto

University

and

Dr.

K.

Kudo,

Ms.

S.

Yoshizawa

and other staffs of

Earthquake

Research

Institute,

University

of

Tokyo,

for

their

permission

of

the

usage af

the

records,

Their

appreciation

is

extended

to

Mr.

Q,

Luo

of

Institute

of

Engineering

Mechanics.,

State

Seismological

Bureau,

China,

and

Dr.

T.

Sato

of

Ohsaki

Research

Institute,

Shimizu

Corporation,

for

their

fruitful

discussiOn.

(8)

-33-Reterences

1)

Hartzell,

S,

0978}

:

Earthquake

aftershocks as

G[een's

functions,

Geophysical

Research

Letters,

Vol.5,

)lo.1,

pp,1-4,

2)

Kanamori,

H.

(1979)

:

A

semi-empirical approach

te

prediction

of

long-peried

ground

motions

from

great

earthquakes,

Bulletin

of the

Sei$mological

Society

of

America,

Vo).69,

No.6,

pp.1645-167e.

3)

Imagawa,

K.

and

T.

Mikumo

(1982)

:

Near-field

seismic wayeforms

from

[najor eaithquakes and a consideration on

the

rupture

process

on

the

fattlt,

Zisin,

Bulletin

of

the

Seismological

Society

of

Japan,

Vol.

35,

No.2,

pp.

575-590

(in

Japanese),

4)

Irikttra,

K.

(1983)

:

Semi-empirical

estimation of streng

ground

rnotion$

tluring

Iarge

earthquakes,

Bulletin

ef

the

Disaster

Prevention

Research

Institute,

Kyoto

University,

Vol.33,

Part

2,

No.298,

pp.63-104.

5)

Tanaka,

T.

,

S.

Yoshizawa,

M.

Sakaue

and

Y.

Osawa

(1982)

:

Estimation

ef acceleration characteiistics of strong

ground

motien

by

synthesis of accelerogram obtained

during

a small earthquake,

Bulletin

of the

Earthquake

Research

Institute,

Vol.57,

pp.561-579

(in

Japanese).

6>

Dan,

K.

,

T.

Tanaka

and

T.

Watanabe

(1987)

:

Simulation

and

prediction

of strong

grotancl

motion

in

epicentTal reglon of

the

1979

Imperial

Valley

earthquake

by

semi-empirical method,

Journal

ef

Structuial

and

Construction

Engineering

CTransactions

of

AIJ),

No.373,

pp.50-62.

7}

Aki,

K.

"967}:Scaling

raw

of seismic spectrum,

Journal

ef

GeophysicaL

Research,

Vol.72,

No.4,

pp.1217-1231.

8}

Brune,

J.

(1970)

:

Tectonic

stress and

the

spectraof seismic shear waves

from

earthquakes,

Journal

of

Geophys,ical

lResearch,

Vol.75,

No.26,

pp.4997-5009.

9}

Aki,

K.

and

P.

Richard$

(1980}

:

Quantitative

Seismology,

W.

H.

Freeman

and

Company,

San

Francisce,

Sections4.

3

and

14.1.

10)

Kanameri,

H.

and

D.

Anderson

{1975)1Theoretical

basis

of seme empi[ical ielations

in

seismology,

Bulletin

of the

Seismological

Seciety

of

America,

Vol.65.

No.5,

pp.1073-1095.

Il)

Haskell,

N.

(]g64)

:

Total

energy and energy spectral

density

of elastic wave radiation

from

propagating

faul.ts,

Bulletin

of

the

Seismological

Society

of

America,

Vol.54,

No.6,

pp.1811-1841.

12}

Muramatu,

I.

and

H.

Ohnuma

(19gg)

:

Synthesis

of strong motiens

by

using an aftershock record as

the

Green's

fttnctlon,

Tectonophysics,

149,

pp.275-288.

13)

Tanaka,

T,

,

M,

Sakaue,

Y,

Osawaand

S,

Yeshizawa(19SO}

:

Streng-motion

accelerograms and maximum acceteration

data

of

the

Izu-Hanto-Toho-Oki

earthquake and

the

swarm earthquakes of

1980,

Bulletin

of

the

EarthquEike

Reseafch

Institute,

Vol.55,

pp.1043-]064

0n

Japanese).

14)

Iai,

S.

and

E.

Kurata

(1978)

:

Integration

of strong-motion accelerograms,

Preceedings

of

the

i[,ifth

Japan

E)arthquake

Engineering

Symposium,

pp.225-232.

15)

Matsu'ura,

R,

{1983}:Detailed

study of

the

earthquake sequence

in

1980

off

the

east coast ef

the

Izu

PeninsuLa,

Japan,

Joumal

of

Physics

of the

Earth,

'Vol.31,

pp.65-101.

(9)

 

UDG

550

347

日本建 築 学 会 構造 系論 文 報 告 集 第 396 号

1989 年

2

遠 方 場

S

く地

波 形

半経 験 的 合 成法

梗 概

会 員

正 会 員 正 会 員

* *

* * *  

1.

 

力 地 震 動

推 定

は,

構 造 物

震 設 計 上 重 要

研 究

課 題

。Hartzell

1978

’1 の

研 究 以 来

, グ

小 地 震

記 録 波 形

い て

大 地 震 時

地 動

再 現

あ る い は

予 測 す

半 経 験 的 方 法

関 す

研 究

数 多

わ れて いる。

Kanamori

1979 )

12 は

合 成

地 震

メ ン トを

保 存

す る

方 法

り入 れ

ブ 波

合 成

っ た

今 川

1982

寧3 と

Irikura

1983

*4 は, 地

似 則

づ き

震 の

録 波

形 を

大 地 震

層 の

さ と

がり

3

つ の

わ せ

そ れ ぞ れ

変 位 波 形

速 度 波 形

合 成

っ た。 この

方 法

では

地 震

ち 上 が り

時 間

す る

周 波 数

調

さ れ る た め

(1982 )

’5 は

度 波形

用 す る

方 法

と して

小 地 震

記 録 波 形

断層

さ と

2

つ の

次 元

合 成

す る

方 法

し た

  筆者

1987 )

串6 は

らの

方 法

して

は じ め に

波 数 成

分 を

補 正

する ことに よ り,

Aki

1967

+T ω

自 乗

ル に

従 う合 成

方 法 を提 案

し,

1979

Imperial

 

Valley

地 震

震 源 域

加 速 度 波 形

適 用

し た

筆 者

ら の

方 法

は く い

関数

傾 斜 関 数 と

して い るた め

特 定

周 波 数

で フ

振 幅

が ゼロにな ること

低 周 波 数

高 周 波 数

境 界 周 波 数

数 式

上の

都 合

え て い る

題 が あっ た。

 

本 論 文

ω

自乗

ル の

っ で

Brune

1970

’S の

遠 方 場

S

近 似 式

り,

小 地 震

記 録 波 形

を 与

解 決

っ た

あ る

こ の

方 法

は,

低 周 波 数 領 域

で は

地 震

メ ン

差 を

高 周 波 数 領 域

では

断 層 面

上の

実 効 応 力

と その

面 積

考 慮

し て

合 成

行 う

計 算

対 象

と し た

記 録

波 形

1980

年 伊 豆 半 島 東 方 沖 地 震

M4 .

9

前 震

M6 .

7

前 崎

速 度 記 録

卓 越

波 数

0

l

Hz

前 後

お よ び

田 と 川

加 速 度 記 録

卓 越 周 波 数

1

10Hz >

で ある

論 文の内 容の

部は

昭 和 62 年 度日本 建 築 学 会 大 会

昭和

62

年 度 地 震 学 会秋 季 大 会お よび 国 際地 震 対 策 討 論 会 〔中国北 京

1988

年 }で発 表し た ものある

  * 清 水 建 設 (株 )大 崎 研究 室

 

* * 清 水 建 設

 # ホ 清 水 建 設 (株 )大 崎 研 究 室

理博     (昭 和 63 年 8 月 31日原槁受理)  

2.

ス ペ ク トル モ デル

 

Brune

遠 方 場

S

近 似 式

お よ

その フ

本 文 中

1 )

2

) 式

せ ら れる。

遠 方 場

S

理 論 解

に よれば

式 中

臨 界 周 波 数

ω。は

4

よ う

になる

実 際

観 測

され る

変 位 波 形

の フ

変 換

媒 質

Q

観 測 点 近 傍

振 動

特性

慮 す る と

(5 )

の よ うに な る

 

こ こで

模 擬

し よ う と す る

お よ び

と し て

いる

地 震

2

つ の

地 震 を

くい

い量 お よ び

効 応

が そ れ ぞ れ α

,b,

c

,d

こ の と き

大 地 震

断 層 面

を α ×

b

分 割

断 層

き さ の

断 層

え る と

くい

い量 と

実効

応 力

がそれ ぞ れ

c

お よ

d

な る か ら

p

q

断 層

の フ

リ エ

6

式 で

せ ら れ る

6

は, 距

しい と き

低 周 波 数 領 域

お よ

び 高 周 波 数 領 域

でそ れ ぞれ

(7 )

お よ び

(8 )

の よ うに な る

6 )

に より

ら れ る

p

ω

番 目

要 素 断 層

波 形 を

u

ρq

t

と し

破 壊

進 行

伝 播

要 す

時 間 を

tpa

る と

大 地 震

に よる

地 動

9

)式

せ られる。

6

9

れ る

合 成 方 法

,d

1

の と き

低 周 波 数

今 川

お よ び

Irikura

波 数 領 域

田 中

ら の

合 成式

す る。

 

Figure

 

1

要 素 地 震

と して

い る

小 地 震

模 擬

よ う と す

大 地 震

大 地 震

p

q

}番 目

素 断

による スペ ク

ル の

概 念 図

示 す

 

本 文

で は さ らに

遠 方 場

S

理 論 解

対 す

成 式

した が

本 論 文

では

高 周 波 数

震 波

の ス ペク ト ル

特 性

を よ く

説 明

す る

5

>式

採 用

し た。

 

3.1980

年 伊

島 東方

沖 地 震

への

 

Figure

 

2

本 震 (

M6 .

7

断 層

要 素 地 震 と

して 用いた

前 震 (

M4 .

9

震 央

およ び

観 測 点

位 置

御 前 崎

で は

速 度 波 形

高 田

川 奈

で は

加 速 度 波 形

記 録 さ

れて い る。

Table

 

1

合 成

い たパ ラメ

タ を ま と めた

の で

こ こ で は

速度波

波数 O

1

Hz

前 後

の フ

リエ

振 幅

ス ペ ク トル より

本 震

震の

地 震

メ ン

比 率 を

200

6s

)程 度

見 積

さ ら に

Kanamori

Anderson

1975

’ ]° に よる

相 似 則

35

(10)

α

=b=

c

;6,d ・

1

と し た。

 

Figure

 

3

御 前 崎の 速 度 記 録の フ

リエ振

ス ペ ク トル お よ び

(5 )

に よ るス ペ ク トル を

す。

Fig・

ure

 

4

そ れ

比 率

る。 

Figure

 

5

8

は,

高 田 と

川 奈

度 記 録

の フ

振 幅

ス ペ ク

5

) 式

に よ る ス ペ ク トル お よ び そ れ ら の

比 率

で ある

Figure

 

3

8

記 録 波 形

の フ

振 幅

スペ ク トル は こ こ で

仮 定

した ス ペ

ル モ

ルで

程 度 表

現 で き

半 経 験 的 波 形 合 成 法

重 要

とな る

小 地 震

大 地 震

の ス ペ ク

概 略 と

ら え ら れて い る こ

と が 分

か る

Figure

 

9

し た

断 層

モ デル

を 示

 Figure

 

10

御 前 崎

計 算 結 果

で ある。

図 中

a

関 数

と して

いた

前 震 (

M4 .

9

記録 波 形

b

合 成 波 形

c

M6

7 )

記 録

であ る

振 幅

お よ

は じ めの い くつ かの

再 現 性

非 常

に よい

Figure

 

ll− 14

に は

田 と

川奈

計算結

果 を示 す

最 大 加 速 度

継 続 時 間

ス ペ ク

特 性

よ く

再 現

され て い る

 

4.

結  論

 

本 論 文

で は ω 自

モ デル の

つ で あ る

Brlne

の遠

方 場

S

震 源

ス ペ ク トル に

づ く

半 経 験 的

波 形 合 成

法 を提 案

し た

本 方 法

に よ り

,198

〔〕

年 伊

半 島東方 沖

地 震

M6

7

速 度 波 形 (

卓 越

波 数

0.1Hz

後 )

お よ び

加 速 度 波 形

波 数 1

10Hz >

前 震

M4 .9

記 録 を グ

関 数

と し て

し た。

方 法

大 小 地 震

源ス ペ ク トル

に その

比 率

が ω

モ デル で

され る と き,

非 常

有 効

で あ る。

実 際

計 算

断 層

くい

い量 が 互いに 比

応 力 降 下 量

地 震

に よ ら

とい う

震の

似 則 を 用 い て い る ため, こ の

関係

たない よ う な

地 震

用 す

る と きに は

震 源

タの

設 定

十 分

な 配

が 必

で ある。 また

今 後

本 手 法

耐 震 設 計

の ための入 力 地 震 動の

策 定

いる た めには

マグニ

8

ク ラ ス の

大規

適 用 性

お よ び

要 素 地 震 を

い た と きの

推 定

のバ ラ ツキ

検 討

必 要

で ある

36

Fig. 1 Scherne of the spectra and their raties used in this paper/
Fig. 14 Comparison of the velocity respense spectra for             the acceleration rnotions in Figure12.

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