The
Codes
of ChOsokabe
Motochika
and the Economy
of Buddhist
Temples
in His Day (VI)
Kozen
Tachibana
5. Summary of the Codes
(1)
Common
Characteristics
of the Three Codes
Substantial
studies concerning
the code CO were recently
published
by two
scholars.
Mr. Kazuo Inoue discussed
the code from all points of view. His
de-tailed analysis
is helpful for understanding
CO more deeply.
Professor
Marius
B. Jansen of Princeton
University
gave an extremely
exact English
translation
with some notes to the code and also made a basic study of it. I will try to
analyze
the three codes which I translated
from Japanese into English consulting
Prof. Jansen's
and Mr. Inoue's studies.
Common
characteristics
of the three codes may be summarized
in the
follo-wing seven categories.
1. They in general
include articles
which seem to imitate those of the Goseihai
Shikimoku
or the codes issued by the Kamakura
Bakuf u, the Muromachi
Bakuf u, Oda Nobunaga,
Toyotomi
Hideyoshi,
or other
prominent
daimyo
before Chosokabe
Motochika.
2. They include many
articles
of punishment
and prohibition
which
concern
all the people.
3. They include military
articles.
4. They include articles
both general
and particular
on the judgement
of
sa-murai.
5. They include extremely
exclusive articles with regard to allowing immigrants
entrance
to the domain.
regarding
moral instruction.
7. They include many articles concerning
economic
matters.
Some characteristic
codes formulated
prior
to and after
the three codes of
Motochika,
i. e. Ouchi-shi
Hekisho,
Sagara-ke
Hekisho,
Imagawa-ke
Kanamo-kuroku,
Jinkai
Shu, Koshu Hatto
no Shidai,
Oda-ke
Hatto,
Satomi-ke Hatto,
Shinka
Shikimoku,
and Yoshiharu
Shikimoku,
also include the same
characte-ristics.
(2)
Kira Nobutsune
Jomoku
(KNJ)
Article
No.
Classification
Analysis
of Content
1 Protection Importance of samurai & relationship
between lord and subordinate
2 Protection & military arts Importance of peasant & Ichiryo
gu-soku's military training
3 Ethics & morality Typical Confucian idea
4* Human duties & mutual Principle of social life
aid
5* Social life Maintaining close friendship
6* Mutual aid Countermeasures for various
calami-7* Mutual unity ties Driving, away the enemy from
the domain
8 Punishment & reward Duties of Kumigashira and Shoya
9 Prohibition & duty Duty of Jikata sanyaku and official
10
Judgement
& punishment
Exclusion of unprejudiced
attitude &
fair decision
11* Banishment Banishing any suspicious person out
of the domain
12 Appointment Warm reception to talented persons
13* Supervision & assembly Duty of Bante and samurai other
than Bante
14 Discussion & friendship Talking with open mind
15
Punishment
Prohibition
of random
speech
-498-Article
No.
Classification
Analysis
of Content
16 Punishment Holding of Confucian idea & piety
to one's servants
17
Punishment
Some minor
fines for gamblers
or
heavy drinkers
18
Economy
Control of luxury
19 Punishment Admonition to samurai who neglect
their duties
20
Punishment
Authority
of Kumigashira
and Shoya
21 Entertainment Control of entertainment of each
samurai and peasant
22 Mutual understanding Prohibition of sheltering suspicious
people
23 Military General's command to be obeyed
24 Military & punishment Prohibition of quarrel and bicker on
the battle field
*specific article of KNJ
(3)
Motochika
Seido Shikimoku
(MSS)
Article
No.
Classification
Analysis
of Content
1 Religion Shinto shrine, Buddhist temple &
their ceremoniesi)
2 Education in general Confucianism
3
Military
education
Development
of one's military ability
4 Accomplishments Nobility's arts
5 Economy Control of luxury2)
6 Protection Pity toward common people and
peasants3)
7 Succession Property & one's dying wish4)
8 Employment Right and duty of samurais)
9 Association & marriage Control of social life6)
Article
No.
Classification
Analysis
of Content
11 Communication & Civil work & five kinds of
punish-punishment ment8)
12 Navy Preparation of warships9)
13
Social life
Control
of luxury & class system10)
14 Social life Control of luxury & class system")
15 Appointment Political idea
(4)
Chosokabe Motochika
Shikimoku
(CMS)
Article
No.
Classification
Analysis
of Content
1 Punishment Right and duty of Kumigashira &
classification of direct retainers of
Motochika12)
2 Punishment Right of Kumigashira13)
3 Punishment & social life Card games as gambling
4 Punishment & social life Plays & Sumo wrestling
5 Economy Restraint of drinking14)
6
Rank
Control
of luxury
(except
for
nisters)
7 Economy Controls on building houses15)
8 Education Learning of military arts & Conf
cianism16)
9 Social life Friendship between high and low
classes
10 Punishment Regulation of revenge17)
11 Military Tactics18)
12 Military Military preparations & tactics19)
13 Economy Stipend20)
14 Economy Taxation on land21)
15 Economy Exemption from taxation22)
16 Economy Controls on f ood23)
Articles
No.
Classification
Analysis
of Content
expenditures24)
18 Economy Controls on funeral expenditures25)
19 Punishment Prohibition of Go, Shogi & Sugoroku
20
Economy
& accomplish-
Controls
on companions
and f easts26)
ments
21 Learning Japanese poetry
22 Economy Protection of samurai from poverty27)
(5)
Comparative
Table of the Four Codes (KNJ, MSS, CMS & CO)
KNJ MSS CMS CO
Article No, Article No., Article No. Article No.
1 - 2 2 -2 6 - 2 4 3 - 8 6 4 5 6 7 -8 2 94 9 - 17 10 - - 62,63 11 -12 15 13 -14 - - 95 15 - - 92 16 - 8 6 17 - 3,5 32 18 5 7 -19 3 8 7 20 - 3 23, 80
KNJ MSS CMS CO
Article No. Article No. Article No. Article No.
21 - 5, 20
-22 8 - 18
23 -
12 (separate)
7 (separate)
24 - - 25
The above is a comparative table of the three codes by Chosokabe Motochika
which have the same content as KNJ.
1) COK, p. 395. 2) Ibid., p. 520. 3) Ibid., p. 222. 4) Ibid., p. 276. 5) Ibid., p. 258. 6) Ibid., pp. 225-226. 7) Ibid., pp. 245, 553. 8) Ibid., pp. 458, 478. 9) Ibid., p. 457. 10) Ibid., p. 522. 11) Ibid., p. 522. 12) Ibid., pp. 198, 561. CCK, pp. 124, 127. 13) COK, pp. 198, 561. 14) Ibid., pp. 518, 520. 15) Ibid., p. 520. 16) Ibid., p. 451. 17) Ibid., p. 495. 18) Ibid., p. 451. 19) Ibid., pp. 438, 451. 20) Ibid., p. 208. 21) Ibid., p. 325. 22) Ibid., p. 326. 23) Ibid., p. 520. 24) Ibid., p. 520. 25) Ibid., p. 520. 26) Ibid., pp. 221, 520. 27) Ibid., pp. 312, 326.
