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Fig. 1.1.3.1 Solid model used for FEM calculation. a: Sectional view of the solid model. b: Pressure distribution of atmospheric pressure and water pressure.

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Fig. 1.1.3.3 Comparison between surface displacements with and without surrounding pressure effects.

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Fig. 1.1.3.1 Solid model used for FEM calculation. a: Sectional view of the solid model
Fig. 1.1.3.2 Surface changes simulated according to three patterns of combination stresses
Fig. 1.1.3.3 Comparison between surface displacements with and without surrounding pressure effects.

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