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Misa Morita
Kochi University Research and Education Faculty Humanities and Social Science Cluster Education Unit
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to clarify why Japanese working parents experience
difficulties juggling their work and family㸬Work-life balance policies have been in force in
Japan since the late 1990·s. The laws regarding work-life balance such as maternity and
childcare leave have technically guaranteed working parents the legal rights to fulfill their
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newly-introduced employment policies have a positive impact on the status of women in the
workplace. In addition, the number of working mothers has increased.
However, the current work-life balance policies are not sufficient enough due to the
company-oriented approach. Many expectant mothers leave their jobs before giving birth.
Similarly, fathers have little time for parenting. Having employees with family responsibilities
is a negative factor for the employers. The decreasing birth rate clearly indicates necessity for
the improvement of the policies.
In order to improve the current policies, the neZ´ZRUN-OLIHEDODQFHSROLFLHVµPXVWEHPRUH
family-oriented and guarantee the well-being of children and their family members first. These
policies should be also based on gender equality. It is necessary that the employers follow the
policies regardless of their financial situation, although employers and employees standpoints
can sometimes be contradictory. The integration of the different standpoints is the key to a
family-friendly society.
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸ᴗ㸪୧❧ᨭ㸪ᐙ᪘ Keyword: Company, Work-Life Balance, Family,
2
㧝㧦⻉⸒ ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛ߪ㧘ᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេߩၮ⋚⊛ߥᣉ╷ߢࠆޟߣኅᐸߩਔ┙ᡰេޠ㧔એਅ㧘ਔ┙ᡰេߣ⸥㧕߇㧘 㓹↪⠪ߩ⡯ᬺ↢ᵴߣኅᐸ↢ᵴߦਈ߃ߚᓇ㗀ࠍᢛℂߒߚߢ㧘ߩਔ┙ᡰេߩ⺖㗴ߣᓟߩᣇ╷ࠍ㧘ሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߟ ↢ᵴ⠪ߣߒߡߩⷞὐ߆ࠄ㧘ᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߢࠆ㧚 ౕ⊛ߦߪ㧘߹ߕᐭߩሶ⢒ߡᡰេ╷ࠍⷰߒ㧘ߘߩਛߢ․ߦ㧘ડᬺߩਔ┙ᡰេߦ㑐ߔࠆవⴕ⎇ⓥࠍ߹ߣࠆ㧚 ᰴߦ㧘㓹↪⠪߇ᛴ߃ࠆߣኅ⢒ఽߩਔ┙ߩ㗴ࠍᢛℂߔࠆ㧚ߘߒߡ㧘ߘߩ㗴ࠍ⸃ߔࠆߦߚࠅ㧘ᓟߩ ਔ┙ᡰេߦᔅⷐߥⷞὐߪߢࠅ㧘߆ߥࠆⷞὐ߆ࠄߩ⎇ⓥ߇ㅴࠄࠇࠆߴ߈߆ࠍឭ␜ߔࠆ㧚 ᐭߩᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេߩၮᧄ⊛ߥ⠨߃ᣇߪ㧘ޟኅᐸ߿ၞߩሶ⢒ߡജߩૐਅߦኻᔕߒߡ㧘ᰴઍࠍᜂ߁ሶߤ߽ࠍ ⢒ᚑߔࠆኅᐸࠍ␠ળోߢᡰេ̆ޟᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេޠ̆ߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ሶߤ߽߇ᔃりߣ߽ߦஜ߿߆ߦ⢒ߟߚߩⅣႺ ࠍᢛߔࠆߎߣޠߢࠆ㧔ෘ↢ഭ⋭㧘2003㧕㧝)㧚ߘߒߡᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេߩౕ⊛ߥኻ╷ߪ㧘ޟሶ⢒ߡߣߩਔ ┙ᡰេޠߦട߃ߡ㧘ޟ↵ᕈࠍߚ߈ᣇߩ⋥ߒޠ㧘ޟၞߦ߅ߌࠆሶ⢒ߡᡰេޠ㧘ޟ␠ળ㓚ߦ߅ߌࠆᰴઍᡰេޠ㧘 ޟሶߤ߽ߩ␠ળᕈߩะ߿⥄┙ߩଦㅴޠߣ߁㧠ߟߩᩇ߆ࠄᚑࠅ┙ߞߡࠆ㧔ෘ↢ഭ⋭㧘2003㧕㧞)㧚ᐭ߇⋡ᜰ ߔᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេߦߪ㧘ሶߤ߽ߩࠃࠅࠃ⢒ߜߩߚߦ㧘ડᬺၞᐭ߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩ┙႐ߢࡃ࠶ࠢࠕ࠶ࡊߒߡ ߊ㧘ߣ߁ᆫ߇߁߆߇߃ࠆ㧚 ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ㧘ߎߩᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេߩኻ╷ߩਛߢ߽㧘․ߦޟሶ⢒ߡߣߩਔ┙ᡰេޠߦὶὐࠍᒰߡ㧘㓹↪⠪ߩ⡯ᬺ ↢ᵴߣኅᐸ↢ᵴߩታᘒ߆ࠄᶋ߆߮߇ࠆ㗴ὐࠍ⏕ߦߔࠆ㧚ߘߒߡ㗴ߩ⸃ߦะߌߡ㧘ᓟ㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥⷞὐ ࠍ߽ߞߚ⎇ⓥ߇ᔅⷐ߆ࠍ⠨߃ߚ㧚 㧞㧦ਔ┙ᡰេߩᄌㆫ̆ዋሶൻኻ╷߆ࠄᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេ߹ߢ̆ 㧔㧝㧕 ዋሶൻߣਔ┙ᡰេ ᣣᧄߦ߅ߡ㧘ਔ┙ᡰេߪ㧘ਥߦ 1990 ᐕઍ߆ࠄዋሶൻኻ╷ߣߩ㑐ㅪߢ㧘࿖ߩ╷ߣߒߡ⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦ ߥࠆ㧚ሶ⢒ߡᡰេ╷ߪ㧘ޟ1.57 ࡚ࠪ࠶ࠢޠߣ⸒ࠊࠇࠆ 1989 ᐕߩว⸘․ᱶ↢₸ࠍᄾᯏߣߒߡ㧘1990 ᐕઍ߆ࠄᆎ߹ ߞߚ㧚ߥ߅㧘1990 ᐕઍߩਔ┙ᡰេߢߪ㧘⢒ᣉ⸳ߩలታࠍߚᲣⷫߩᡰេ㧔ਔ┙ᡰេ߽㧕㧘ߘߒߡῳⷫߩሶ ⢒ߡෳടࠍଦߔะ߇ࠄࠇߚ㧚 2000 ᐕઍߦࠆߣ㧘ਔ┙ᡰេߪޟ↵ᕈࠍߚ߈ᣇߩ⋥ߒޠߣޟ␠ળోߢߩሶ⢒ߡᡰេޠ߇㊀ⷐߥ࠹ࡑ ߦߥߞߚ㧚2003 ᐕ㧟ߦߪ㧘ޟᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេߦ㑐ߔࠆᒰ㕙ߩข⚵ᣇ㊎ޠ߇ቯ߹ߞߚ㧔ዋሶൻኻ╷ផㅴ㑐ଥ㑑ળ ⼏ቯ㧕㧚ߎߩᣇ㊎ߪ㧘ᓥ᧪ߩዋሶൻኻ╷㧔ዋሶൻኻ╷ផㅴၮᧄᣇ㊎㧕ߦ㧘ᦝߥࠆขࠅ⚵ߺࠍടߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚 ߎߩᣇ㊎߇ᛂߜߐࠇߚਥߥ⋡⊛ߪ㧘ᷓೞߥዋሶൻ߇ㅴਛߢ㧘ኅᐸ߿ၞ␠ળߢሶ⢒ߡᯏ⢻ࠍ㜞ࠆߚߦ㧘 ᐭᣇ࿅ડᬺ╬߇৻ߣߥߞߡᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេࠍㅴࠆߎߣߢߞߚ㧔ෘ↢ഭ⋭ 2003㧕㧟)㧚 ߘߒߡᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេኻ╷ផㅴᴺ߽หᐕ㧔2003 ᐕ㧕ߦᚑ┙ߒߚ㧚ᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេኻ╷ផㅴᴺ╙৻┨╙৻᧦ߢߪޔ ߘߩ⋡⊛ߦߟߡ㧘ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦቯ⟵ߐࠇߡࠆ㧚ޟᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᕆㅦߥዋሶൻߩㅴⴕਗ߮ߦኅᐸ߮ၞࠍขࠅ ᏎߊⅣႺߩᄌൻߦ߆ࠎ߇ߺ㧘ᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេኻ╷ߦ㑐ߒ㧘ၮᧄℂᔨࠍቯ㧘 ਗ߮ߦ࿖ޔᣇ࿅ޔᬺਥ߮ ࿖᳃ߩ⽿ോࠍࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ⴕേ⸘↹╷ቯᜰ㊎ਗ߮ߦᣇ࿅߮ᬺਥߩⴕേ⸘↹ߩ╷ቯߘߩઁߩ ᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេኻ╷ࠍផㅴߔࠆߚߦᔅⷐߥ㗄ࠍቯࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘ᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេኻ╷ࠍㄦㅦ߆ߟ㊀ὐ⊛ߦផ ㅴߒ㧘߽ߞߡᰴઍߩ␠ળࠍᜂ߁ሶߤ߽߇ஜ߿߆ߦ↢߹ࠇ㧘߆ߟ㧘⢒ᚑߐࠇࠆ␠ળߩᒻᚑߦ⾗ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ㧚ޠ 㧔ෘ↢ഭ⋭㧘2003㧕㧠) 㧔㧞㧕వⴕ⎇ⓥߩᢛℂ ߎߎߢߪሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߞߡߊ⠪ߩਔ┙ᡰេߦὶὐࠍᒰߡࠆߚ㧘ડᬺߩਔ┙ᡰេߦ㑐ߔࠆవⴕ⎇ⓥࠍᢛℂߒߚ㧚 ߹ߕ㧘ડᬺߩਔ┙ᡰេᐲ߇㧘ડᬺߣᓥᬺຬߦࡊࠬߩലᨐࠍ߽ߚࠄߔ⎇ⓥ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡࠆ㧚ડᬺߩਔ┙ᡰេ ᐲߪ㧘ડᬺߦߣߞߡߪណ↪ᓥᬺຬߩ⏕╬ߦ㧘ᓥᬺຬߦߣߞߡߪ⑳↢ᵴߩలታߦ㧘ലᨐ߇ࠆߎߣࠍࠄ߆ߦ3
ߒߚ⎇ⓥ߇ࠆ㧔⣁ဈ㧘2010㧕㧡)㧔ᱞ⍹,2006㧕㧢)ޕߒ߆ߒ㧘ዋሶൻኻ╷ࠍડᬺߦ᳞ㆊ߉ࠆߎߣߦߪᘕ㊀ߦߥࠆߴ ߈ߣ߁ႎ๔߽ࠆ㧔↰㧘2006㧕㧣)㧚߹ߚ㧘ડᬺߩਔ┙ᡰេߪ㧘ᅚᕈᓥᬺຬߩᵴべ߿⡯႐ߩ↵ᅚᩰᏅߩᤚᱜߦ৻ ቯߩലᨐ߇ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚ⺰ᢥ߽㧘ႎ๔ߐࠇߡࠆ㧔Ꮉญ㧘2002㧕㧤)㧚㧔Ꮉญ㧘2011㧕㧥) ߎߩࠃ߁ߥవⴕ⎇ⓥߩਛߢ㧘߽ߜࠈࠎਔ┙ᡰេߪᅚᕈᓥᬺຬߩ⡯ᬺ↢ᵴߦߣߞߡࡔ࠶࠻߇ࠆ߇㧘ਔ┙ᡰេߩ ޟਛりޠߦὶὐࠍᒰߡࠆᔅⷐᕈࠍᜰ៰ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߇ࠆ㧚ጊญ৻↵ߪ⪺ᦠߩਛߢ㧘⢒ࠨࡆࠬࠍਛᔃߣߒߚਔ┙ᡰ េ╷ࠃࠅ߽㧘ᨵエߦߌࠆᐲߩᔅⷐᕈࠍᜰ៰ߒߡࠆ㧔ጊญ㧘2009㧕㧝㧜)㧚 ߚߛߒ㧘ડᬺߩਔ┙ᡰេ╷ߘߩ߽ߩࠍ⋭ߔࠆ⺖㗴߽ߟ߆ߞߡࠆ㧚߃߫㧘ડᬺߩᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេߪ㧘↥ ᓟߩ৻ቯᤨᦼߦ㊀ὐࠍ⟎ߚᡰេߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᅧᆼᦼ߿↥ᓟࠍߡ㧘㐳ᦼ⊛ߦሶ⢒ߡᦼߩዞᬺࠍᡰេߔࠆᔅ ⷐᕈ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡࠆ㧔↰ᳰ↰㧘2006㧕㧝㧝)㧔᧻↰㧘2007㧕㧝㧞)㧚߹ߚ㧘ሶ⢒ߡᡰេ߿ਔ┙ᡰេߦ㑐ߒߡ㧘࿖߆ ࠄ৻ቯߩ᳓Ḱએߩขࠅ⚵ߺᚑᨐ߇ࠆߣቯߐࠇߚડᬺߪ㧘ਔ┙ᡰេࠍߒߡฃߌりߦߪ⠨߃ߡ߅ࠄߕ㧘Ⓧᭂ ⊛ߦᝒ߃ߡࠆ߇㧘৻⥸⊛ߦߪ㧘߹ߛߘߩࠃ߁ߥડᬺߪዋߥߣᜰ៰ߒߚႎ๔߽ࠆ㧔↰㧘2011㧕㧝㧟) 㧟㧦ߣ⢒ఽߪਔ┙ߒ߿ߔߊߥߞߚߩ߆ 㧔㧝㧕↥ߢ㔌⡯ߔࠆᅚᕈ 㧙ߣሶ⢒ߡߩੑ⠪ᛯ৻㧙 ㅀߒߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᐭߪዋሶൻࠍᄾᯏߣߒߡ㧘1990 ᐕઍ߆ࠄᢙޘߩਔ┙ᡰេ╷ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ߈ߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ ⁁ߢߪ㧘↥ߒߡ߽ዞᬺࠍ⛮⛯ߔࠆߎߣߪ㧘ᔅߕߒ߽ᣣᧄᅚᕈߩ৻⥸⊛ߥࠗࡈࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߦߪߥߞߡߥ㧚 ታ㓙ߦ㧘ᣣᧄߩߊᅚᕈߩᄙߊߪ㧘1 ੱ⋡ߩሶߤ߽߇↢߹ࠇࠆ೨ߦ㧘ߘࠇ߹ߢዞߡߚࠍㄉߡࠆ㧚ߒ ߆߽ߘࠇߪ㧘╙㧝ሶߩ↥ࠍᄾᯏߦᅚᕈ߇ㆬ߱ᦨ߽ᄙࠗࡈࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߢࠅ㧘߆ߟߘߩഀวߪ㧘߅ࠃߘ 30 ᐕߩ 㑆ߢ㧘߶ߣࠎߤᄌࠊߞߡߥ㧚࿖┙␠ળ㓚ੱญ㗴⎇ⓥᚲ߇ⴕߞߚ㧘╙ 14 ࿁↢േะၮᧄ⺞ᩏߦࠃࠇ߫㧘 ᅚᕈߩ╙㧝ሶ↥ᤨ㧔1985㨪2009 ᐕ㧕ࠍߊߟ߆ߩࠣ࡞ࡊߦಽߌߚ႐ว㧘╙ 1 ሶߩ↥ᓟߩㆬᛯߣߒߡᦨ߽ᄙ ߽ߩߪ㧘ߤߩࠣ࡞ࡊߦ߅ߡ߽ޟㅌ⡯ޠ㧔↥ㅌ⡯㧕ߢࠅ㧘㧔2005㨪2009 ᐕ↥ࠣ࡞ࡊ㧕ߢߪ㧘ߘߩ ഀวߪ 43.9㧑ߢࠆ㧔࿖┙␠ળ㓚ੱญ㗴⎇ⓥᚲ㧘2011㧕㧝㧠)㧚 ߹ߚ㧘ห⺞ᩏߦࠃࠇ߫㧘⢒ఽભᬺᴺᚑ┙ߩ೨㧔1985㨪1989 ᐕ㧕ߦ╙ 1 ሶࠍ↥ߒߚᅚᕈ߇㧘↥ᓟ߽ࠍ⛯ ߌߚഀวߪ 24.0㧑ߢࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘㧔2005㨪2009 ᐕ↥ࠣ࡞ࡊ㧕ߘߩഀวߪ 26.8㧑ߢࠅ㧘ᄢ߈ߥᄌൻߪ ࠄࠇߥ㧔࿖┙␠ળ㓚ੱญ㗴⎇ⓥᚲ㧘2011㧕㧝㧡)㧚߹ߚห⎇ⓥᚲߪ㧘⚿ᇕ߿ᅧᆼ೨ߦዞᬺߒߡߚ⠪ߩ߁ߜ㧘 ⚿ᇕᓟߦዞᬺࠍ⛮⛯ߔࠆᅚᕈߪ⚂ 70㧑ߢࠅ㧘1985㨪1989 ᐕߩߘࠇߣᲧߴࠆߣ㧘10㧑Ⴧടߒߡࠆߣߒߡ ࠆ㧚ߎߎ߆ࠄ㧘ᅚᕈߩ⚿ᇕ೨ᓟߩዞᬺ⛮⛯ߩഀวߪ⧯ᐓߒߚߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘↥ ᓟߩᅚᕈߩዞᬺ⛮⛯ߩ ഀวߪ㧘ߩళߒࠍߖߡࠆߣߪ⸒㔍㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠇ߫㧘⁁ߢߪ㧘ᣣᧄߩᅚᕈߩዞᬺㆬᛯ ߪ㧘ޟ߆ሶߤ߽߆ޠߩੑ⠪ᛯ৻ߦߥߞߡࠆะ߇ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁ 㧚 㧔㧞㧕㔌⡯ߒߚᅚᕈߚߜߩჿ㧙ሶ⢒ߡߒ߿ߔ⡯႐ߥࠄ߫ࠍ⛯ߌߚ߆ߞߚ̆ ߚߛߒ㧘ᅧᆼ↥ࠍᯏߦ㔌⡯ߒߚᅚᕈߩోߡ߇㧘⥄⊒⊛ߦࠍ߿ߚߣᕁߞߡߚࠊߌߢߪߥ㧚ෘ↢ഭ ⋭߇㧘ᧂዞቇߩሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߟ↵ᅚࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡ㧘ਃ⪉ UFJ ࠨ࠴㧒ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹ࠖࡦࠣᩣᑼળ␠ߦᆔ⸤ߒߚ⺞ ᩏ߇ࠆ㧚ߘࠇߦࠃࠇ߫㧘ᅧᆼ↥೨ᓟߦㅌ⡯ߒߚᅚᕈ߇㧘ߘߩᤨᦼߦࠍㄉߚᦨ߽ᄢ߈ߥℂ↱ߪ㧘ᱜ␠ຬ 㕖ᱜ␠ຬߣ߽ߦ㧘ޟኅ⢒ఽߦኾᔨߔࠆߚ㧘⥄⊒⊛ߦ߿ߚޠߢߞߚ߽ߩߩ㧔೨⠪ 39.0㧑㧘ᓟ⠪ 42.5㧑㧕㧘ᰴ ߦᄙ࿁╵ߪ㧘ᱜ␠ຬ㕖ᱜ␠ຬߣ߽ߦޟࠍ⛯ߌߚ߆ߞߚ߇㧘ߣ⢒ఽߩਔ┙ߩ㔍ߒߐߢ߿ߚޠ㧔೨⠪ 26.1㧑㧘 ᓟ⠪ 16.4㧑㧕ߢߞߚ㧚߹ߚห⺞ᩏߪ㧘ዞᬺᒻᘒߦ߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘ޟࠍ⛯ߌߚ߆ߞߚ߇㧘ߣ⢒ఽߩਔ┙ߩ㔍 ߒߐߢ߿ߚޠߣ╵߃ߚ⠪ߦౕ⊛ߥℂ↱ࠍߚߕߨߡࠆ㧚ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ᱜ␠ຬ㕖ᱜ␠ຬߣ߽ߦᦨ߽ᄙ࿁╵ߪ㧘 ޟൕോᤨ㑆߇ߘ߁߽ߥ߆ߞߚ㧔ࠊߥ߆ߞߚ㧕ޠ㧔೨⠪ 65.4㧑㧘ᓟ⠪ 48.6㧑㧕ߢࠅ㧘ᰴߦᄙ߆ߞߚ࿁╵ߪ㧘ᱜ ␠ຬߢߪޟ⡯႐ߦਔ┙ࠍᡰេߔࠆ㔓࿐᳇߇ߥ߆ߞߚޠ㧔49.5㧑㧕㧘㕖ᱜ␠ຬߢߪޟ⥄ಽߩജ߇߽ߚߥߘ߁ߛߞߚ㧔߽ ߚߥ߆ߞߚ㧕ޠ㧔40.4㧑㧕ߣߥߞߡࠆ㧚ട߃ߡห⺞ᩏߢߪ㧘㕖ᱜ␠ຬߢߪޟ⢒ఽભᬺࠍขࠇߘ߁߽ߥ߆ߞߚޠޟߟࠊ4
ࠅ߿↥ᓟߩਇ⺞ߥߤᅧᆼ↥ߦߣ߽ߥ߁⺞ਇ⦟ߩߚޠߣ߁࿁╵߇㧘ᱜ␠ຬࠃࠅ߽ᄙ߆ߞߚ㧔ෘ↢ഭ⋭㧘 2009㧕㧝㧢)㧚 ߎࠇࠄߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘㓹↪ᒻᘒߦ߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘ߣሶ⢒ߡߩਔ┙ࠍᦸᅚᕈ߇ߒߡዋᢙߢߪߥߎߣߣ㧘ᓐᅚ ߚߜ߇㧘♖⊛ߦ߽ജ⊛ߦ߽㧘ߣሶ⢒ߡࠍਔ┙ߒߦߊഭⅣႺߩਛߦࠆ㧔ߚ㧕ߎߣ߇߁߆߇߃ࠆ㧚 㧔㧟㧕ῳⷫᲣⷫߩޟࡢࠢࠗࡈࠕࡦࡃࡦࠬޠ ߐࠄߦ㧘ሶ⢒ߡࠍߒߡࠆ㓹↪⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ⛔⸘⚿ᨐ߆ࠄߪ㧘߆ࠇࠄ߇ኅ⢒ఽߣߩ㑆ߢ⧰ᖠߒߡࠆ ᭽ሶ߇߁߆߇߃ࠆ㧚߃߫㧘ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕ␠ળ↢ᵴၮᧄ⺞ᩏߦࠃࠇ߫㧘ᧂዞቇߩሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߟᲣⷫ㧔߈ᄦᇚ㧕߇ޔ 1 ᣣߩਛߢኅ⢒ఽߦ߆ߌࠆᤨ㑆ߪ㧘ῳⷫࠃࠅ߽ୟ⊛ߦ㐳㧚ᓐᅚࠄ߇ߘࠇߦ⾌߿ߔᤨ㑆ߪ 4 ᤨ㑆 34 ಽߢࠆ ৻ᣇ㧘ᄦߩߘࠇߪ 39 ಽߦㆊ߉ߥ㧔✚ോ⋭㧘2012㧕㧝㧣)㧚ᧃሶߩᐕ㦂߇ૐ߶ߤᄦᇚߩ⢒ఽᤨ㑆ߪ㐳ߊ㧘ᆄ㧔Ⓙ ߉ᄦᇚ㧕ߪᄦߩ 4㨪6 ߩᤨ㑆ࠍ⢒ఽߦഀߡࠆ㧔⁛┙ⴕᴺੱ࿖┙ᅚᕈᢎ⢒ળ㙚㧘2012㧕㧝㧤)㧚ߒ߆߽หၮᧄ⺞ ᩏߦࠃࠇ߫㧘߈ᄦᇚߩᄦߩኅ⢒ఽᤨ㑆ߪ㧘ᆄ߇ኾᬺਥᇚߢࠆᄦߩߘࠇࠃࠅ߽⍴㧚߈ᄦᇚߩᄦߣᆄ ߇ኾᬺਥᇚߢࠆᄦߢᲧセߒߚ႐ว㧘ᄦ߇ 1 ᣣߦኅ⢒ఽߦ߆ߌࠆᤨ㑆ߩᏅߪ 7 ಽߢࠆ㧔೨⠪ 39 ಽ㧘ᓟ⠪ 46 ಽ㧕㧔✚ോ⋭㧘2012㧕㧝㧥)㧚 ߎߩߎߣࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ㧘ߊᲣⷫߪ㧘ᤨ㑆⊛ߥࠁߣࠅ߇ዋߥਛߢ↢ᵴߒߡࠆߎߣ߇߁߆߇߃ࠆ㧚ታ㓙ߦ㧘ࡌࡀ ࠶ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ࡦ࠲߇ታᣉߒߡࠆ㧘╙ 3 ࿁ሶ⢒ߡ↢ᵴၮᧄ⺞ᩏߪ㧘ᧂዞቇߩሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߟᏱൕߩᲣⷫߩ⚂ 8 ഀ߇㧘ሶ⢒ߡࠍߒߥ߇ࠄߊߎߣߦ⽶ᜂࠍᗵߓߡࠆߣᜰ៰ߒ㧘ߎߩഀวߪ㧘೨࿁ߩ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐ㧔5 ᐕ೨㧕ߣᲧߴ ߡ߶߷ᄌࠊࠄߥߣㅀߴߡࠆ㧔ࡌࡀ࠶ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ࡦ࠲㧘2008㧕㧞㧜)㧚߹ߚห⺞ᩏߦࠃࠇ߫㧘ᧂዞቇߩሶ ߤ߽ࠍ߽ߟᏱൕߩᲣⷫߢ 19 ᤨએ㒠ߦᏫቛߔࠆ⠪ߪ 2 ഀᒙߢߞߚ㧔ࡌࡀ࠶ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ࡦ࠲㧘2008㧕㧞㧝) ৻ᣇ㧘ῳⷫߪᲣⷫ߶ߤߦߣሶ⢒ߡߩਔ┙ߦᖠࠎߢߪߥ߇㧘ߘࠇߢ߽㧘⧯ઍࠍਛᔃߦ㧘ሶ⢒ߡߦ߆߆ ࠊࠅߚߣ⠨߃ࠆῳⷫߩᗧ⼂ߪ㜞߹ߞߡࠆ㧔’㊁ઁ㧘2010㧕㧞㧞)㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ታ㓙ߦߘߩᦸߺߪฟ߃ࠄࠇߡࠆߣ ߪ⸒㔍㧚ߘߩℂ↱ߣߒߡ 3 ὐ߇ߍࠄࠇࠆ㧚╙㧝ߦ㧘ഭᤨ㑆ߩ㐳ߐߢࠆ㧚߃߫㑐᧲ߢߪ㧘ᧂዞቇߩሶߤ ߽ࠍ߽ߟῳⷫߩ⚂ 3 ഀ߇ᄛ 9 ᤨએ㒠ߦᏫቛߒߡࠆߣ߁㧔ෘ↢ഭ⋭㧘2009㧕㧞㧟)㧚ߎߩะߪ㧘ㅀߒߚ␠ળ ↢ᵴၮᧄ⺞ᩏߢ߽ࠄࠇߚ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥഭⅣႺߢߪ㧘ῳⷫߩሶ⢒ߡ߳ߩ㑐ਈߪ㧘ታ⊛ߦߪ㔍ߒߎߣ߇ኈᤃߦ ᗐߢ߈ࠆ㧚ᧂዞቇߩሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߟῳⷫ㧔↵ᕈᱜ␠ຬ㧕ߩ⚂ 6 ഀ߇㧘ᧄᒰߪߣኅᐸߩਔ┙ࠍᦸࠎߢࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘 ߁ߜ⚂ 7 ഀߪ㧘ታ㓙ߪࠍఝవߔࠆ↢ᵴࠍߒߡࠆߣ߁㧔ෘ↢ഭ⋭㧘2009㧕㧞㧠)㧚╙㧞ߦ㧘ਔ┙ᡰេᐲࠍ ↪ߒߦߊ㔓࿐᳇ߢࠆ㧚ห⋭ߩ⺞ᩏߢߪ㧘⢒ఽભᬺߦߟߡ㧘↵ᕈᱜ␠ຬߩ⚂ 40㧑߇↪ߒߦߊߣ╵߃ߡ ࠆ㧚৻ᣇ㧘ᅚᕈᱜ␠ຬߪ⚂ 40㧑߇⢒ఽભᬺࠍ↪ߒ߿ߔߣ࿁╵ߒߡࠆ㧚ߐࠄߦห⺞ᩏߢߪ㧘ሶߤ߽߇∛᳇ߩᤨ ߦ㧘⥄ಽ߇ࠍભࠎߛᣣᢙߩᐔဋ୯㧔1 ᐕߚࠅ㧕ߪ㧘ᄦ 3.16 ᣣߦኻߒߡ㧘ᆄ 9.05 ᣣߣߥߞߡࠆ㧔ෘ↢ഭ ⋭㧘2009㧕㧞㧡)㧚 ߎࠇࠄߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘ߊᲣⷫߛߌߢߥߊῳ߽ⷫ㧘ᔅߕߒ߽ḩ⿷ߩߊࡃࡦࠬߢ㧘⡯ᬺ↢ᵴߣኅᐸ↢ᵴࠍㅍߞߡ ߥታᘒ߇߁߆߇߃ࠆ㧚ട߃ߡ㧘ߘߩ⡯ᬺ↢ᵴߣኅᐸ↢ᵴߩޟࡃࡦࠬޠߪ㧘ᕈᓎഀಽᬺߦଐߒߚࡃࡦࠬ ߢࠅ㧘ޘߩᏗᦸߦߘߞߚߣኅᐸߩਔ┙߇㔍ߒ㧔ࡢࠢࠗࡈࠕࡦࡃࡦࠬ㧕ߎߣ߇߁߆߇߃ࠆ㧚 㧔㧠㧕ޟᄙ᭽ߥ߈ᣇޠߦኻߔࠆಣㆄ߳ߩਇ ਔ┙ᡰេᐲߩਛߢ㧘߃߫⢒ఽભᬺᐲ߿⍴ᤨ㑆ൕോᐲ╬ߪ㧘ሶ⢒ߡᦼߩᅚᕈߩዞᬺ⛮⛯ࠍଦߔ㧘ߣ߁ᗧ ߢߪࡊࠬߩലᨐࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁㧚↥೨ߣหߓ᧦ઙߢߊ߆ㅌ⡯ߔࠆ߆㧘ߣ߁⁁ᴫ߆ࠄ㧘ભᬺᐲ ߿ᨵエߥൕോᒻᘒࠍ↪ߒߡ߈⛯ߌࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߎߣߪ㧘ᅚᕈߩ߈ᣇߩㆬᛯ⢇ࠍᐢߍߚߣ⸒߃ࠆ߆߽ߒ ࠇߥ㧚 ߒ߆ߒ↥ᓟߦࠍ⛯ߌߡࠆᅚᕈߩਛߦߪ㧘ሶ⢒ߡߩߚߦᨵエߥ߈ᣇࠍㆬᛯߒߡࠆߎߣߢ㧘ળ␠ߢ⥄ ಽ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥಣㆄࠍฃߌࠆߩ߆ਇࠍᛴ߃ࠆ⠪߇ߚࠅ㧘↥೨ߣหߓࠃ߁ߦᗧ᰼⊛ߦߦขࠅ⚵ߥߣ⠨ ߃ࠆ⠪߇ߚࠅߔࠆ㧚㊀ⷐߥὐߪ㧘ߊᲣⷫ߇㧘ߘߩࠃ߁ߥᐲࠍ↪ߒߡࠍᚑߒㆀߍߚߎߣࠍ㧘ᓐᅚߚߜ߇5
⚊ᓧߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⹏ଔಣㆄߔࠆ⚵ߺ߇㧘⡯႐ߦචಽࠊߞߡߥߎߣߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚 ታ㓙ߦ㧘ᧂዞቇߩሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߟߊᅚᕈߩ⚂ 3 ഀߪ㧘⍴ᤨ㑆ൕോߢߚ႐วߦ㧘ળ␠ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⹏ଔߐࠇࠆ ߆⍮ࠄߥߣ╵߃ߡࠆ㧔↵ᕈ 38.6㧑㧘ᅚᕈ 31.8㧑㧕㧔ෘ↢ഭ⋭㧘2009㧕㧞㧢)㧚ਔ┙ᡰេߦℂ⸃ߩࠆડᬺߪ 㧘 ᓥᬺຬ߇ሶ⢒ߡߩߚߦ⍴ᤨ㑆ൕോ߿⢒ఽભᬺࠍ↪ߒߡࠆߛߌߢ㧘ᓥᬺຬࠍࡑࠗ࠽ࠬߣߺߥߔࠊߌߢߪߥ㧚 ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ሶ⢒ߡࠍߒߡࠆߚ㧘ሶߤ߽߇ߥᤨߣหߓ߈ᣇ߇㔍ߒߎߣ߇㧘⚿ᨐߣߒߡ㧘⡯႐ߢㅴ ߿⹏ଔࠍ෩ߒ߽ߩߦߒߡࠆߩߢߪߥ߆㧚ߘߒߡߘࠇ߇㧘ሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߞߡߊᅚᕈߩᗧ᰼ࠍ㒖ኂߒߡࠆߩߢ ߪߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕᐲ ߊᅚᕈߩታᖱߦࠃࠆߣ㧘ሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߟ೨ߦ㧘ޟㅴ߿ኾ㐷ᕈߩะߦ⥝߇ߥߊ㧘 એᄖߩ↢ᵴࠍలታߐߖߚޠߣᕁ߁ᅚᕈߪ 11.9㧑ߢߞߚ߇㧘ሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߞߚᓟߦߪߘࠇ߇ 23.8㧑ߦߒߚ ߣ߁㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߦᅚᕈ߇↥ࠍᄾᯏߦ㧘ࠠࡖࠕߩᗧ⼂߇ᄌൻߒߚℂ↱ߣߒߡߍࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩߦߪ㧘⏕߆ߦኅᐸ ⽿છߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩ㧔ኅ߿⢒ఽߦᤨ㑆ࠍ߆ߌߚߣ߁ᗧ⼂㧕߇ࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒߘߩઁߦߪޟᱷᬺߥߤ㐳ᤨ㑆ߊߎ ߣ߇ߢ߈ߥߣ⹏ଔࠍᓧࠄࠇߥ߆ࠄޠ㧔20.8㧑㧕㧘ޟ⢒ఽਛߩ␠ຬߪ㧘߿ࠅ߇߿⽿છߩࠆ߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ࠄޠ 㧔19.6㧑㧕ߥߤߩ࿁╵߽ࠄࠇߡࠆ㧔ෘ↢ഭ⋭,2012㧕㧞㧣)㧚 㧔㧡㧕ޟࠦࠬ࠻ޠߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ߇ߜߥࡢࠠࡦࠣࡑࠩ ߐࠄߦડᬺߪ㧘ਔ┙ᡰេᐲࠍ↪ߒߡߊ㓹↪⠪ࠍ㧘ᔅߕߒ߽ߟ߽ᅢᗧ⊛ߦߡࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ㧚⏕߆ߦ㧘 ਔ┙ᡰេࠍⓍᭂ⊛ߦㅴࠆડᬺߩਛߦߪ㧘߆ߦሶ⢒ߡᦼߦ㔌⡯ߔࠆᅚᕈࠍ㒖ᱛߒ㧘ᅚᕈߩ⢻ജ⊒ើࠍⓍᭂ⊛ߦㅴ ࠆ߆ࠍ⠨߃ߡࠆߣߎࠈ߽ࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥડᬺ߽৻ቯ⒟ᐲሽߒߡࠆ㧚 ࠆᐢ๔ળ␠߇ᣣᧄߩ᳃㑆ડᬺߦ⺞ᩏߒߚ⚿ᨐߦࠃࠇ߫㧘ޟᅚᕈߪᅧᆼߒߚࠄ⢒ભࠍขࠄߕߦ߿ߡ߶ߒޠߣ ᕁߞߡࠆડᬺ߇ 25㧑ሽߒߡࠆߣ߁㧔ᦺᣣᣂ⡞㧘2012㧕㧞㧤) 㧚ታ㓙ߦ㧘ㅀߒߚෘ↢ഭ⋭ߩ⺞ᩏߦࠃࠇ ߫㧘ᧄᒰߪࠍ⛯ߌߚ߆ߞߚ߇㧘ߣ⢒ఽߩਔ┙߇㔍ߒߐߢ߿ߚޠᅚᕈߩ㧥㧑߇㧘ᅧᆼࠍᄾᯏߦ㧘ࠍޟ⸃ 㓹ߐࠇߚ㧘ㅌ⡯൘ᅑߐࠇߚޠ⚻㛎߇ࠆߣ߁㧔ෘ↢ഭ⋭㧘2009㧕㧞㧥) 㧚ട߃ߡ㧘ሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߟᓥᬺຬ߇㧘ਔ┙ ᡰេߦ↞߃ߡߪ࿎ࠆߣ߁ડᬺߩჿ߽ࠆ㧚ਔ┙ᡰេߦᓥᬺຬ߇↞߃ߡᚑᨐࠍߐߥࠃ߁ߢߪ࿎ࠆߚ㧘ߦ ኻߔࠆᗧ᰼ߩะࠍᓥᬺຬߦᦼᓙߔࠆขࠅ⚵ߺ߽㧘ⴕࠊࠇߡࠆߣ߁㧔ᣣᧄ⚻ᷣᣂ⡞㧘2012㧕㧟㧜)㧚 ߎߩࠃ߁ߥࠍ⡞߈ߔࠆߣ㧘ડᬺߩਔ┙ᡰេߦߪ㧔߽ߜࠈࠎਔ┙ᡰេࠍ㧘ᓥᬺຬߩሶ⢒ߡࠍᔕេߔࠆᣉ╷ߣ ⠨߃ࠆડᬺ߽ࠆ߇㧕㧘ᓥᬺຬ߇㜞↢↥ᕈࠍ↢ߺߔߎߣ߇ࠃࠅ߽ᦼᓙߐࠇߡࠆߣ⸒߃ߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚ޟਔ┙ ᡰេᐲࠍ↪ߔࠆ৻ᣇߢᚑᨐࠍߐߥ㓹↪⠪㧔ⷫ㧕ߪ㧘⡯႐ߩࠦࠬ࠻ߣࠄࠇࠆޠ㧘ߣ⸃㉼ߔࠆߎߣ߽ਇน⢻ ߢߪߥ㧚 㧔㧢㧕̌ኅᣖߦ߿ߐߒડᬺ̍ߦߡ߽ㄉߑࠆࠍ߃ߥߊᲣⷫߚߜ ᐭ߆ࠄቯߐࠇߚሶ⢒ߡᡰេડᬺߪ㧘ᣣᧄోߢߪᭂߡዋᢙߢࠅ㧘ߘߩᢙߪડᬺోߩ㧝㧑ߦ߽ḩߚߥ㧚 ߘߩࠃ߁ߥડᬺߩਛߦߪ㧘⥄␠ߩࡢࠢࠗࡈࡃࡦࠬߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧔ᓥᬺຬߦ㧘ߘߒߡၞߩሶ⢒ߡᡰេߦ㧘߆ ߦⓍᭂ⊛ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢࠆ߆㧕ࠍߒߡࠆ㧔ෘ↢ഭ⋭㧘㧙㧕㧟㧝)㧚 ߒ߆ߒ㧘ᐭ߆ࠄޟኅᣖߦ߿ߐߒޠޟሶ⢒ߡߦ߿ߐߒޠߣቯߐࠇࠆડᬺߢߞߡ߽㧘ߘߎߢߊᓥᬺຬߦ ߣߞߡ㧘ߣ⢒ఽߩਔ┙ߪ㧘ߒߡኈᤃߢߪߥߎߣ߇㧘వⴕ⎇ⓥߢႎ๔ߐࠇߡࠆ㧔↰㧘2012㧕㧟㧞)㧚⪤ේ ਭ⟤ሶߪ㧘ਔ┙ᡰេߦⓍᭂ⊛ߛߣᐭ߆ࠄቯߐࠇߡࠆડᬺ߇㧘ᧄᒰߦߊᲣⷫߦᡰេ⊛ߥߩ߆ࠍ⇼ⷞߒߡ ࠆ㧚⪤ේߪ㧘ࡈࠔࡒࡈࡦ࠼ડᬺߦൕߚᅚᕈߦࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘࠍߒߡࠆ㧚ߘߒߡ㧘ߘࠇߦ ᔕߓߚࠆ ᅚᕈߪ㧘㧔⥄␠ߪ㧕ะ߈ߦߪࡈࠔࡒࡈࡦ࠼ડᬺߢߞߡ߽㧘ᱷᬺ߇ᕡᏱൻߒ㧘10 ᤨࠍㆊ߉ߡ߽ᱷᬺ ࠍߒߥ߇ࠄ߈⛯ߌࠆ৻ᣇߢ㧘ᅚᕈߪ㗎ᒛߞߡ߽⺖㐳߆⺖㐳ߤ߹ࠅߢࠆߎߣߦᄬᦸߒߚߣ⺆ߞߡߚ㧚߹ߚ ᓐᅚߪ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ߈ᣇߢߪ㧘1 ᣣߦ 1 ᤨ㑆߽ሶߤ߽ߣะ߈ว߃ߕ㧘ੱ㑆ࠄߒߊ↢ᵴߢ߈ߥߎߣߦ⇼ࠍᗵߓ ߡ㔌⡯ߒߚߣ╵߃ߡߚ㧔⪤ේ㧘2006㧕㧟㧟)㧚 㧠㧦ਔ┙ᡰេߩ⺖㗴ߪ߆6
㧔㧝㧕ડᬺ⚻༡ߩߚߩਔ┙ᡰេ ޟᰴઍࠍᜂ߁ሶߤ߽ࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆኅᐸࠍ␠ળోߢᡰេߔࠆߎߣߢ 㧘ሶߤ߽߇ᔃりߣ߽ߦஜ߿߆ߦ⢒ߟߚߩⅣႺ ࠍᢛߔࠆߎߣޠ߇ᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេߩᩇߢࠅ㧘ߘߩߚߩบߣߥࠆ⠨߃ᣇ߇ߣኅᐸߩਔ┙ᡰេߢߞߚ㧚 ߘߒߡᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេផㅴኻ╷ᴺߪ㧘ᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេߩ㊀ⷐᕈߣᔅⷐᕈࠍ␠ળోߦ߮߆ߌ㧘ട߃ߡ㐳ᤨ㑆ഭ ߿ࠨࡆࠬᱷᬺ╬ࠍ㗴ߣ⼂ߔࠄߒߥ߆ߞߚડᬺߦኻߒߡߪ㧘ᓥᬺຬߩ߈ᣇߩ⋥ߒࠍㄼࠆᄾᯏߣߥߞߚߣ⸒ ߃ࠃ߁㧚 ߒ߆ߒ㧘ㅀߒߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ታ㓙ߦሶ⢒ߡߩᄙߊࠍᜂߞߡࠆᅚᕈߪ߽ߜࠈࠎ㧘㓹↪⠪ߪ㧘ߣሶ⢒ߡߩਔ┙߇ ᔅߕߒ߽ኈᤃߦߥߞߚߣߪ⠨߃ߡߥ⁁ᴫߦߞߚ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ߥߗߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫߦߥߞߚߩ߆ࠍ⠨߃ࠆⷐ ࿃ߣߒߡ㧘ᰴߩ 3 ὐࠍߍߚ㧚 ╙㧝ߦ㧘ડᬺ߇ⴕߞߡࠆਔ┙ᡰេ߇㧘ሶߤ߽ߣሶߤ߽ࠍ⢒ߡࠆኅᐸࠍᡰេߔࠆߚߣ߁ࠃࠅ߽㧘ડᬺߩ↢↥ ᕈ߿ല₸ᕈࠍ㜞ࠆߎߣߦਥ⌒߇⟎߆ࠇߡߪߥ߆㧘ߣ߁ὐߢࠆ㧚ߎߩὐ߇㧘ߩਔ┙ᡰេߩ㒱ⓩߣ⸒߃ ߪߒߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚⪤ේߪ㧘ᣣᧄߩ⁁ߩਔ┙ᡰេࠍᛕ್ߒ㧘ޟᣣᧄߢ߹ㅴਔ┙ᡰេ߽㧘ߟߒ߆ᓥᬺຬߩ↢ ↥ᕈࠍߍࠆߎߣߓߚ߇⋡⊛ൻߐࠇ㧘ᩰᏅࠍ೨ឭߣߒߚ㧘ડᬺߩߚߩޟࡢࠢࠗࡈࡃࡦࠬޠߦ㒱ࠄߥ ⸽ߪߤߎߦ߽ߥޠߣਥᒛߒߡࠆ㧔⪤ේ㧘2006㧕㧟㧠)㧚ߎߩὐࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ㧘⁁ߩሶ⢒ߡߣߩਔ┙ᡰេ ߇㧘ડᬺߦ߅ߡߪ㧘⋉ࠍᦨఝవߔࠆᣇ╷ߦߥࠅ߇ߜߥߎߣ߇㧘ሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߞߡߊⷫࠍ࿎ᖺߐߖߡࠆᦨᄢߩ 㗴ߥߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚⪤ේ߽ߘߩ⪺ᦠߦ߅ߡ㧘ᣣᧄߩਔ┙ᡰេߪ㧘ࠆᤨߪዋሶൻߣ㧘ࠆᤨߪ↢↥ᕈߩ ะߣᛴ߈วࠊߖߢផㅴߐࠇߡ߈ߚߣᜰ៰ߒߡࠆ߇㧘ਔ┙ᡰេߪ㧘ᧄ᧪ߩℂᔨߦ┙ߜࠅ㧘ሶߤ߽ߩஜ߿߆ߥ⢒ ߜߣኅᐸ↢ᵴࠍᡰេߔࠆߚߦ㧘ផㅴߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚 㧔㧞㧕ᅚᕈߩޟዞᬺ⛮⛯ޠߩߚߩਔ┙ᡰេ ╙㧞ߦ㧘ਔ┙ᡰេߦ߅ߡ㧘․ߦᅚᕈߩޟሶ⢒ߡޠߣޟዞᬺ⛮⛯ޠߪ㊀ⷐⷞߐࠇߡ߈ߚ߽ߩߩ㧘ޟሶ⢒ߡޠߣޟࠠ ࡖࠕ᭴▽߿ᱜߥಣㆄޠߩචಽߥᬌ⸛߇ߥߐࠇߡ߈ߚߩ߆ߣ߁ὐ߽㧘⺖㗴ߣ⸒߃ࠆߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚 ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕᐲ ߊᅚᕈߩታᖱߢߪ㧘ਔ┙ᡰេᐲߩ↪⠪ߩࠠࡖࠕᡰេߩߚ㧘ޟ⢒ఽભᬺߩขᓧ೨㧘ભᬺਛ㧘 ᓳᏫ⋥೨ߥߤߦ㕙⺣ࠍⴕߞߡࠆޠ㧘ޟ⢒ఽભᬺਛߦᖱႎឭଏࠍⴕߞߚࠅ㧘ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡚ࠪࡦࠍ࿑ߞߡࠆޠߣߔ ࠆડᬺ߇ࠆ৻ᣇ㧘ඨᢙߩડᬺߪ․ߦⴕߞߡߥߣ߁⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐࠍ␜ߒߚᓟߢ㧘ޟߩഀᝄࠅ߿⹏ଔߩࠅᣇ ߇ㆡಾ߆⋥ߔߎߣ㧘ߣኅᐸࠍਔ┙ߒߥ߇ࠄߩࠠࡖࠕࡆ࡚ࠫࡦࠍឬߌࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߡߊߎߣߥ ߤ߽ᓟߩ⺖ 㗴ޠߣߒߡࠆ㧔ෘ↢ഭ⋭㧘2012㧕㧟㧡)㧚ᓥ᧪ߩਔ┙ᡰេߩ߹߹ߢߪ㧘ਔ┙ᡰេᐲࠍ↪ߒߥ߇ࠄሶ⢒ߡࠍߔ ࠆ㓹↪⠪ߪ㧘᧪ߩ⡯႐ߢߩᛒ߿ಣㆄߦ⪭⢙ߒ㧘⥄りߩࠠࡖࠕߩࡆ࡚ࠫࡦࠍឬ߈ߠࠄߎߣ߽ࠈ߁㧚 ޟሶ⢒ߡޠߣޟࠠࡖࠕ᭴▽߿ᱜߥಣㆄޠߩਔ┙ߪ㧘ᓟ㧘⎇ⓥߔࠆߦ୯ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚ሶߤ߽ ࠍ߽ߟ㓹↪⠪߇㧘නߦዞᬺ⛮⛯㧔ㄉߥߎߣ㧕ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆᣉ╷ߢߪߥߊ㧘ߘߩડᬺߢᗧ᰼⊛ߦࠠࡖࠕࠍⓍߺ ㊀ߨࠄࠇࠆߚߩਔ┙ᡰេࠍ⠨߃ߡߊᔅⷐ߇ࠆ㧚ߘ߁ߢߥߌࠇ߫㧘ሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߞߡߊᅚᕈ߇㧘ᗧ᰼⊛ߦ ࠍ⛯ߌࠆߎߣߪ㔍ߒߢࠈ߁㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘ߘߩࠃ߁ߥਔ┙ᡰេߢߥߌࠇ߫㧘↵ᕈ߽㧘⢒ఽભᬺ߿⍴ᤨ㑆ൕോᐲߩ ↪ߦੑߩ⿷ࠍ〯ߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚 㧔㧟㧕ሶߤ߽ߩ↢ᵴߦᴪࠊߥޟ߈ᣇߩ⋥ߒޠ ╙㧟ߦ㧘ડᬺ߇ขࠅ⚵ਔ┙ᡰេߩਛߢ㊀ⷐߥᣉ╷ߢࠆޟ↵ᕈࠍߚ߈ᣇߩ⋥ߒޠ߇㧘ᔅߕߒ߽ሶߤ߽ ߩ↢ᵴߦᴪߞߡߥߩߢߪߥ߆㧘ߣ߁ὐߢࠆ㧚ㅀߒߚᐭߩሶ⢒ߡᡰេ╷ߦߡߊࠆޟ߈ᣇߩ⋥ߒޠ ߢ㧘ᐭ߇ౕ⊛ߦ␜ߒߚ⋡ᮡߪ㧘ሶ⢒ߡᦼ㑆ߩᱷᬺᤨ㑆ࠍߥߊߒ㧘ῳⷫ߇ሶߤ߽ߩ↢ᤨߦ 5 ᣣ㑆ߩભᥜࠍߣࠅ㧘 ᄙ᭽ዞᬺဳࡢࠢࠪࠚࠕࡦࠣࠍផㅴߔࠆߎߣ╬ߢߞߚ㧚⏕߆ߦߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⋡ᮡߦขࠅ⚵ߎߣߪ㧘㓹↪⠪ߩ㐳 ᤨ㑆ഭࠍᷫࠄߒߚࠅ㧘ࠨࡆࠬᱷᬺࠍߥߊߒߚࠅߔࠆߎߣߦലᨐ⊛ߢߪࠈ߁㧚ߘߩࠃ߁ߥᗧߢߪ㧘↵ᕈࠍ ߚ߈ᣇߪ㧘ሶߤ߽ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆᤨ㑆ࠍឭଏߢ߈ࠆߣ߁ᗧߢߪ㧘⋥ߒߣ⸒߃ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ㧚 ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ሶ⢒ߡߪ↥ᤨ߿ఽᦼߛߌ߇ᄢᄌߥߩߢߪߥߊ㧘㐳ᦼߦࠊߚߞߡዞᬺᤨ㑆ߣߩ⺞ᢛ߇ᔅⷐߢ7
ࠆ㧚߃߫ఽߣᐜఽߢߪ㧘ⷫ߇߆߆ࠊࠆሶ⢒ߡߩౝኈߪᄌൻߒ㧘ሶߤ߽߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠇ߫㧘ⷫߪޟޠߩᓎഀࠃ ࠅ߽ޟߒߟߌޠ߿ޟᢎ⢒ޠߥߤߢ㧘ሶ⢒ߡߦ㑐ਈߔࠆᤨ㑆߇Ⴧ߃ߡߊ㧚߹ߚሶ⢒ߡߦߪ㧘ᭉߒߺ߿ഃㅧᕈߣ߁ 㕙߽ࠆ৻ᣇߢ㧘ⷙೣᱜߒ↢ᵴ࠭ࡓߩਛߢሶߤ߽ߣ߆߆ࠊࠆᔅⷐ߽ࠇ߫㧘⓭⊒⊛ߥኻᔕࠍ᳞ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ ߽ࠆ㧔ᕆ∛ߥߤ㧕㧚ߘߩߚ㧘නߦᱷᬺ߇ߥߊߥࠇ߫ⷫߪሶ⢒ߡߒ߿ߔߊߥࠆ㧘ߣ߁ࠊߌߢߪߥ㧚⁁ߩડ ᬺߩਔ┙ᡰេߢ㧘ሶ⢒ߡਛߩߊⷫ߇㧘ߣኅᐸߩਔ┙ߦ߅ߡ∋ᑷߒߡߒ߹߁ᦨ߽ᄢ߈ߥⷐ࿃ߩ㧝ߟߪ㧘ሶߤ ߽ࠍ߽ߟኅᐸߩ↢ᵴߦነࠅᷝߞߚ㧘߈ᣇߩ⋥ߒ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡߥߎߣߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚 ᐭߪㅀߒߚᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេߩℂᔨߢ㧘ሶ⢒ߡߩ╙৻⽿છ⠪ࠍኅᐸߣߒߡࠆ߇㧘ߘߩℂᔨߦၮߠߊߩߢࠇ ߫㧘ߊⷫ߇㧘ሶߤ߽߇ᾲࠍߒߚᤨ߿∛᳇ߦߥߞߚᤨߦ㧘⡯႐ߦ᳇ߨߔࠆߎߣߥߊ∛㒮ߦㅪࠇߡߌࠆࠃ߁ߥ㧘 ߘߒߡ㧘ࠍભߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥ㧘̌߈ᣇߩ⋥ߒ̍ࠍߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚␠ળቇ⠪ߩ ࡎ࠶ࠢࠪ࡞࠼ߪ㧘1990 ᐕઍߩࠕࡔࠞߩࡈࠔࡒࡈࡦ࠼ડᬺߩ㧝ߟࠍ㐳ᦼߦࠊߚߞߡ⺞ߴߚ⚿ᨐ㧘ߘ ߎߢߪᢙޘߩਔ┙ᡰេᐲ߇↪ᗧߐࠇߡࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘↪ߔࠆੱߪዋߥߣㅀߴࠆ㧚ߘߒߡᓐᅚߪ㧘⚿ᨐߣߒߡᄙ ߊߩሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߟᓥᬺຬߪ㧘⡯႐ߩⷐ᳞ߦᔕ߃ࠆߚߦޟޠࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ߹ࠅ㧘ߣኅᐸߩਔᣇߩᓎഀࠍㆀ ⴕߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߕ㧘⚿ᨐߣߒߡߘߩߒࠊነߖ߇ኅᐸߦ᧪ࠆߚߦ㧘ሶߤ߽߇ഀࠍ㘩߁ߣㅀߴ㧘ࡢࠢࠗࡈ ࡃࡦࠬߩ‶†⠪ߪ㧘ሶߤ߽ߢࠆߣᜰ៰ߔࠆ㧔Hochschild㧘A.R.,1996㧕㧟㧢)㧚ᣣᧄߢ߽ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ㗴ࠍ⸃ߔ ࠆ㧘ޟ߈ᣇߩ⋥ߒޠ߇ᔅⷐߢࠈ߁㧚 㧡㧦ᔅⷐߥਔ┙ᡰេߣߪ߆ 㧔㧝㧕ડᬺߣኅᣖߩ⚻༡ߩߚߩਔ┙ᡰេ એ߆ࠄ㧘ሶ⢒ߡߣߩਔ┙߇ߒ߿ߔ␠ળߦߒߡߊߚߦߪ㧘㧠ߟߩⷰὐ߆ࠄߩਔ┙ᡰេ߇ᔅⷐߢࠈ߁㧚 㧝ߟ⋡ߪ㧘ડᬺߩჿߛߌߢߪߥߊ㧘ኅᐸ↢ᵴࠍ༡㓹↪⠪ߩჿࠍ߰߹߃ߚਔ┙ᡰេߩዷ㐿ߢࠆ㧚ㅀߒߚࠃ߁ ߦ㧘⁁ߩਔ┙ᡰេߪ㧘ሶ⢒ߡࠍߒߥ߇ࠄߊ⠪߇ᛴ߃ࠆ↢ᵴߩᖠߺࠍో㕙⊛ߦฃߌᱛ㧘⸃ߢ߈ࠆ߹ߢߦߪ⥋ ߞߡߥ㧚ᓥ᧪ߩਔ┙ᡰេߩ⎇ⓥ߽㧘ߤߜࠄ߆ߣ⸒߃߫Ꮢ႐߿࿖ኅߩ࠾࠭㧔ੱ᧚ᵴ↪㧘ዋሶൻ╬㧕߆ࠄߚਔ ┙ᡰេߩࠅᣇߦὶὐ߇ᒰߡࠄࠇ㧘ሶ⢒ߡࠍߒߥ߇ࠄߡࠆ⠪ߩ࠾࠭ଔ୯ⷰߦᴪߞߚਔ┙ᡰេߩࠅᣇߦ ߟߡ㧘චಽߥ⼏⺰߇⿷ࠅߥߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚⢒ఽભᬺࠍขᓧߒߚ㓹↪⠪߇ੱߚߣߒߡ߽㧘ߘߒߡਔ┙ ᡰេ╷ߦࠃߞߡ㧘ߚߣ߃ડᬺߩᬺ❣߇ะߒߡ߽㧘ߊ㓹↪⠪ߣߘߩኅᣖ߇㧘Ფᣣߩሶ⢒ߡߦ∋ᑷߒ㧘♖⊛ߥࠁ ߣࠅࠍ߽ߡߕ㧘⡯႐ߢ⢋りߩ⁜ᕁࠍߒߥ߇ࠄߡࠆߣ߁⁁ᴫ߇ࠆ㒢ࠅ㧘ߘࠇߪᧄᒰߩਔ┙ᡰេߩᚑᨐ ߢࠆߣߪ⸒㔍㧚 㧔㧞㧕ኅᣖሶߤ߽ߩߩߚߩਔ┙ᡰេ 㧞ߟ⋡ߪ㧘ሶߤ߽ߣኅᣖߩ㧔࠙ࠚ࡞ࡆࡦࠣ㧕ߩߚߩਔ┙ᡰេࠍ⠨߃ࠆߎߣߢࠆ㧚⁁ߩਔ┙ᡰេߪ㧘 ሶߤ߽ߩࠍ㓚ߒߡࠆߣߪ⸒㔍㧚ㅀߒߚ࠺࠲ࠍၮߦㅀߴࠆߣߔࠇ߫㧘߽ߒ߽␠ળ߇ߎߩ߹߹㧘ሶߤ ߽ࠍ߽ߟ↵ᕈ㧔ῳⷫ㧕ߩหࠃࠅ߽㧠㨪㧢ߩኅ⢒ఽᤨ㑆ߣ㧘ߘࠇߦട߃ߡ⡯႐ߢ↵ᕈߣหߓࠍᜂ߁ߎߣ ࠍߊᅚᕈߦᒝࠆߥࠄ߫㧘Უⷫߤߎࠈ߆㧘ሶߤ߽߽ࠁߣࠅࠍ߽ߞߡㆊߏߔᤨ㑆߇ᜬߡߥߢࠈ߁㧚⏕߆ߦ㧘వ ⴕ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ਔ┙ᡰេߩᚑᨐߣߒߡ㧘⢒ఽભᬺࠍߣࠆ↵ᕈ߇ࠇ㧘ᅚᕈߩ⢒ఽભᬺขᓧ₸߇ะߒߚߣ߁ႎ๔ߪ ߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߟߊ↵ᅚߪ㧘ߘߩ⒟ᐲߩਔ┙ᡰេߢ㧘ߣሶ⢒ߡ߇ਔ┙ߒ߿ߔߊߥߞߚߣߪᕁ߃ ߡߥ㧚߃߫㧘ሶߤ߽ߩ߿ߒߟߌߦኅᣖ߇߆߆ࠊࠇࠆᤨ㑆⊛ࠁߣࠅ߿㧘ሶߤ߽߇ᾲࠍߒߚᤨߦ㧘⡯႐ߦ ᳇ߨߥߊ∛㒮ߦㅪࠇߡߌࠆࠁߣࠅࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦߟߊࠆ߆㧘ߣ߁ὐߦゲࠍ⟎ߚਔ┙ᡰេࠍㅴߡߊᔅⷐ߇ ࠆ㧚 㧔㧟㧕ࠫࠚࡦ࠳ᐔ╬ࠍ೨ឭߣߒߚਔ┙ᡰេ̆ޟኅᣖ⊛⽿છᏅޠࠍߥ㧙 3 ߟ⋡ߦ㧘⡯႐ߣኅᐸߩࠫࠚࡦ࠳ᐔ╬ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߚߩਔ┙ᡰេߩ⎇ⓥ߇ᔅⷐਇนᰳߢࠈ߁㧚⏕߆ߦవⴕ ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ਔ┙ᡰេ╷ߣ↵ᅚᐔ╬ᣉ╷ߪቢ⊛ߥ㑐ଥߦࠅ㧘ਔ┙ᡰេߩផㅴ߇㧘⡯႐ߩ↵ᅚᐔ╬ߦ߽ߟߥ߇ࠆߣ8
߁ᜰ៰߇ࠄࠇߚ㧚 ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘⁁ߩਔ┙ᡰេߩขࠅ⚵ߺߪ㧘߃߫߹ߛᣣᧄߩᅚᕈ▤ℂ⡯ߩᢙࠍ㧘ᄢߦߐߖࠆ⒟ߩᚑᨐ ࠍᜬߞߡߪߥ㧔ᓟߩേะߦᦼᓙ㧕㧚߹ߚߤߜࠄ߆ߣ⸒߃߫㧘ડᬺߪࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߦขࠅ⚵ߎߣߦ ߪᶖᭂ⊛ߥะ߇ࠆ㧔⁛┙ⴕᴺੱ࿖┙ᅚᕈᢎ⢒ળ㙚㧘2012㧕㧟㧣)㧚ߘߒߡㅀߒߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘↥ᓟ㧘⥄りߩࠠ ࡖࠕߦߟߡ㧘ਔ┙ᡰេࠍ↪ߒߚߎߣߦࠃࠆ⹏ଔߩᓇ㗀ߢ㧘ߦኻߔࠆࡕ࠴ࡌ࡚ࠪࡦࠍߍࠄࠇߥߣᗵ ߓࠆᅚᕈ߿㧘⍴ᤨ㑆ൕോࠍߣߞߚᓟߩಣㆄࠍᔃ㈩ߔࠆ↵ᅚ߽ߚ㧚 ߎߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ㧘ᓟߪ㧘ሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߞߡዞᬺࠍ⛮⛯ߔࠆᅚᕈ߇Ⴧടߒߡࠆਛߢ㧘ޟሶ⢒ߡޠߣޟࠠ ࡖࠕ᭴▽ޠߩਔ┙ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆਔ┙ᡰេߩ⚵ߺࠍ⎇ⓥߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁㧚ߘߒߡߘߩࠃ߁ߥⷞὐ߇ߥ ߌࠇ߫㧔ࠠࡖࠕ࠳࠙ࡦߦ߽ߟߥ߇ࠆߚ㧕㧘⥄ࠄ⢒ఽભᬺߣࠆ↵ᕈߪჇടߒߥߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚 ߥ߅㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥⷞὐ߆ࠄᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេࠍ⠨߃ࠆ႐ว㧘↵ᅚ߇ᐔ╬ߦኅᣖ⊛⽿છࠍ߽ߟߎߣࠍ㧘ౣᐲ⏕ߔࠆ ᔅⷐ߇ࠈ߁㧚ILO156 ภ᧦⚂ߦߪ㧘ኅᣖ⊛⽿છߪ㧘ᅚᕈߛߌߢߪߥߊ㧘↵ᅚ߇ߔࠆߣ⸥ߐࠇߡࠆ㧚 㧔㧠㧕⢒ఽ⽿છࠍⷫߩ⥄Ꮖ⽿છߛߌߦߐߖߥਔ┙ᡰេ ߘߒߡ 4 ߟ⋡ߪ㧘ኅᐸ⽿છࠍ⥄Ꮖ⽿છ⺰ߦߐߖߥ␠ળࠍߟߊࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚ߘࠇߪሶ⢒ߡࠍ ኅᣖ㧔․ߦᲣⷫ㧕ߛߌߩᓎഀߣ⠨߃ߚࠅ㧘⍴ᦼ⊛ߥ៊ᓧߩⷞὐߢߚࠅߔࠆ␠ળߢߪߥߊ㧘ሶߤ߽ߩ⺀↢ࠍ᱑ㄫߒ㧘 ၞ߿ડᬺߘߒߡⴕࠄߣߩᕺ㑐ଥࠍ᭴▽ߒߟߟ㧘㐳ᦼ⊛ߥⷞὐߢሶߤ߽ߩ⢒ߜࠍᔕេߔࠆ␠ળࠍᗧߔࠆ㧚߽ ߜࠈࠎ㧘ᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេߪߘߩࠃ߁ߥⷞὐࠍ߽ߞߡߚޟߪߕޠߢࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ㅀߒߚ⡯႐ߩታᘒ߆ࠄ㧘ሶ⢒ ߡਛߩ㓹↪⠪ߦኻߔࠆડᬺߩޟㅅᖺޠᗧ⼂߇߃㓝ࠇߒߡߪߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚ᣣᧄߢߪ㧘ዋሶൻ߇㗴ߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ ਭߒߊ㧘ዋሶൻߪ㧘↥ᬺ߿㧔㧦ഭੱญߩᷫዋ╬㧕㧘␠ળ㓚╬ߦ㊀ᄢߥ࠳ࡔࠫࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߣ⼏⺰ߐࠇߡࠆ㧚 ሶߤ߽ߩ⺀↢ߣᚑ㐳߇㧘ᣣᧄ␠ળߩᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈࠍ⠨߃ࠆߢ㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߢࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘ߥߗᣣᧄߩ⡯႐ߢ ߪ㧘ሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߞߡߊ㓹↪⠪ߪㅅᖺ߇ࠄࠇߡߒ߹߁ߩ߆㧚ߥߗߊⷫߪ㧘ሶߤ߽߇ᾲࠍߒߚᤨߦ⡯႐ࠍᣧㅌߒ ߚࠅࠍભࠎߛࠅߒߚ႐ว㧘ࠅߦኻߒߡޟዊߐߊޠߥߞߡߒ߹߁ߩ߆㧚ߘߩ㗴ߩ৻⇟ߩⷐ࿃ߪ㧘␠ળ߇⢒ఽ ࠍ㧘ⷫߩ⥄Ꮖ⽿છߦߐߖㆊ߉ߡࠆߎߣߦࠆߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚⢒ఽ⽿છࠍੱ㧔ⷫ㧩ߘߒߡᄙߊߪᲣⷫ㧕ߦ ⟎ߊડᬺᢥൻߣ㧘ߘߩࠃ߁ߥᢥൻࠍߡߒ߹߁ᣣᧄ␠ળߦ߽㧘㗴߇ࠆߣߪ⸒߃ߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚 㧢㧦߹ߣ ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ߩਔ┙ᡰេߩ⺖㗴ࠍ㧘․ߦ㓹↪⠪ߩ↢ᵴߣߩ㑐ㅪ߆ࠄ⠨ኤߒߚ㧚㓹↪⠪ߪ㧘↵ᕈߪഭᤨ㑆ߩ 㐳ߐ㧘ߘߒߡᅚᕈߪዞᬺߣኅ⢒ఽߩᣇߩᤨ㑆ߩ㐳ߐ㧘ߘߒߡߘࠇߦࠃࠆᤨ㑆⊛♖⊛ߥࠁߣࠅߩߥߐ㧘ട ߃ߡ㧘ሶ⢒ߡᓟߩಣㆄߦᔃᗵࠍ߽ߡߥߎߣ╬㧘᭽ޘߥ⺖㗴ࠍᛴ߃ߡߚ㧚 ߎߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣࠍ߰߹߃ߡ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ㧘ᓟߩਔ┙ᡰេߦᔅⷐߥⷐ⚛ߣߒߡ㧘㧔㧝㧕ડᬺߣኅᣖߩ⚻༡ߩߚߩ ਔ┙ᡰេ㧘㧔㧞㧕ኅᣖሶߤ߽ߩߩߚߩਔ┙ᡰេ㧘㧔㧟㧕ࠫࠚࡦ࠳ᐔ╬ࠍ೨ឭߣߒߚਔ┙ᡰេ㧘ߘߒߡ㧔㧠㧕 ⢒ఽ⽿છࠍⷫߩ⥄Ꮖ⽿છߛߌߦߐߖߥਔ┙ᡰេ㧘ࠍ␜ߒߚ㧚 ␠ળో߇㧘ޟ↢↥ᕈ߿ല₸ࠍ㜞ࠆߎߣࠍᦨఝవߒߚਔ┙ᡰេߪ㧘ዋሶൻࠍ㘩ᱛࠆߤߎࠈ߆㧘ሶߤ߽ߩ⢒ ߜࠍᡰេߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠄߥޠߣ᳇ߠߊߎߣ߇㧘ᓟߩਔ┙ᡰេࠍ⠨߃ࠆߢߩ╙ 1 ᱠߦߥࠆߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚 ߹ߚ㧘ੱ㑆ߩ㧔wellbeing㧕ߪ㧘ੱ㑆ห჻ߩᕺ㑐ଥ߇ߞߡೋߡน⢻ߦߥࠆ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚⁁ߩਔ┙ᡰេߢ ߪߣሶ⢒ߡߦ∋ᑷߔࠆߣ߁ഭ⠪߇ሽߒߡࠆ㧚ߎߩߎߣࠍ߰߹߃ࠆߣ㧘නߥࠆ⥄ഥ⺰ߩਔ┙ᡰេߩᲖࠍ ⎕ࠅ㧘⥄ഥഥഥߩⷞὐ߆ࠄਔ┙ᡰេࠍㅴࠆߎߣ߇᳞ࠄࠇࠆߩߢߪߥߛࠈ߁߆㧚9
ޣෳ⠨ᢥ₂ޤ㧝) ෘ↢ഭ⋭㧘ᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេߦ㑐ߔࠆᒰ㕙ߩข⚵ᣇ㊎㧙ዋሶൻኻ╷ផㅴ㑐ଥ㑑ળ⼏ቯ㧔ᐔᚑ 15 ᐕ 3 14 ᣣ㧕㧘ࡎࡓࡍࠫ http://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/bukyoku/seisaku/syousika/0314-1.html㧔2003㧕㧚 㧞) 㧝㧕ߣหߓ 㧟) 㧝㧕ߣหߓ 㧠) ෘ↢ഭ⋭㧘ᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេኻ╷ផㅴᴺ㧔ᛞ㧕㧘ࡎࡓࡍࠫ http://www.mhlw.go.jp/general/seido/koyou/jisedai/manual/dl/06.pdf㧔2003㧕㧚 㧡) ⣁ဈ㧘⢒ఽભᥜ߇↵ᕈߩߣ↢ᵴߦ߷ߔᓇ㗀 㧙࠙ࠖࡦ-࠙ࠖࡦߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ㧙㧘ቑ⠌㒮ᄢቑ ⛫Ủ⺰㓸㧘 47(1)㧘41㧙59㧘㧔2010㧕㧚 㧢) ᱞ⍹ᕺ⟤ሶ㧘ડᬺ߆ࠄߺߚਔ┙ᡰេ╷ߩᗧ⟵㧙ਔ┙ᡰេ╷ߩലᨐ⎇ⓥߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻⠨ኤ̆㧘ᣣᧄഭ⎇ⓥ㔀㧘 48(8)㧘19-33㧘㧔2006㧕㧚 㧣) ↰㓁ሶ㧘ዋሶൻ߇ડᬺⴕേߦળ߃ࠆᓇ㗀㧘ᣣᧄഭ⎇ⓥ㔀㧘48(8)㧘4-18㧘㧔2006㧕㧚 㧤) Ꮉญ┨㧘ࡈࠔࡒࡈࡦ࠼ᣉ╷ߣ↵ᅚဋ╬ᣉ╷㧘ᣣᧄഭ⎇ⓥ㔀㧘44(6)㧘15-28㧘㧔2002㧕㧚 㧥) Ꮉญ┨㧘ဋ╬ᴺߣࡢࠢࠗࡈࡃࡦࠬ㧙ਔ┙ᡰេ╷ߪဋ╬ൻߦነਈߒߡࠆ߆ (․㓸 ဋ╬ᴺߩࠗࡦ ࡄࠢ࠻)㧘ᣣᧄഭ⎇ⓥ㔀㧘53(10)㧘25-37㧘㧔2011㧕㧚 㧝㧜) ጊญ৻↵㧘ࡢࠢࠗࡈࡃࡦࠬ ታ⸽ߣ╷ឭ⸒㧘ᣣᧄ⚻ᷣᣂ⡞␠㧘㧔2009㧕㧚 㧝㧝) ↰ᐘሶᳰ↰ᔃ⽕㧘↥ᅚᕈߩ㓹↪⛮⛯ߦ߅ߌࠆ⢒ఽભᬺᐲߩലᨐߣਔ┙ᡰេߩ⺖㗴㧘ᣣᧄഭ⎇ⓥ㔀 㧘48(8)㧘34-44㧘㧔2006㧕㧚
㧝㧞) ᧻↰⨃᮸㧘ડᬺߩᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេ╷ߩታᣉ⁁ᴫ㧘Life Design REPORT 㧘1㧙2㧘16-23㧘㧔2007㧕㧚
㧝㧟) ↰⟤㧘ޟߊࠆߺࠎޠડᬺߩታᘒ߆ࠄߺࠆലᨐ⊛ߥᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេᚢ⇛㧘ᣣᧄኅቇળ, 63(2)㧘79-91㧘 㧔2012㧕㧚 㧝㧠) ࿖┙␠ળ㓚ੱญ㗴⎇ⓥᚲ㧘╙㧝㧠࿁↢േะၮᧄ⺞ᩏ ⚿ᇕߣ↥ߦ㑐ߔࠆో࿖⺞ᩏ ᄦᇚ⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ࡎࡓࡍࠫ http://www.ipss.go.jp/ps-doukou/j/doukou14/doukou14.asp㧘(2011). 㧝㧡) 14)ߣหߓ 㧝㧢) ෘ↢ഭ⋭㧘ሶ⢒ߡᦼߩ↵ᅚ߳ߩߣሶ⢒ߡߩਔ┙ߦ㑐ߔࠆࠕࡦࠤ࠻⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߦߟߡ㧔ਔ┙ᡰេߦଥ ࠆ⻉㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ✚ว⊛⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ㧕㧘ࡎࡓࡍࠫ http://www.mhlw.go.jp/houdou/2009/09/h0929-1.html㧘㧔2009㧕㧚 㧝㧣) ✚ോ⋭㧘ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕ␠ળ↢ᵴၮᧄ⺞ᩏ㧘ࡎࡓࡍࠫ http://www.stat.go.jp/data/shakai/2011/gaiyou.htm㧘 㧔2012㧕㧚 㧝㧤) ⁛┙ⴕᴺੱ࿖┙ᅚᕈᢎ⢒ળ㙚㧘↵ᅚหෳ↹⛔⸘࠺࠲ࡉ࠶ࠢ㧙ᣣᧄߩᅚᕈߣ↵ᕈ㧙㧘߉ࠂ߁ߖ㧘㧔2012㧕㧚 㧝㧥) 17㧕ߣหߓ 㧞㧜) ࡌࡀ࠶ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ࡦ࠲㧘╙ 3 ࿁ሶ⢒ߡ↢ᵴၮᧄ⺞ᩏ㧔ᐜఽ 㧕㧘╙ 2 ㇱ╙ 1 ┨ ߊᲣⷫߩሶ⢒ߡ ߩ․ᓽ㧘ࡎࡓࡍࠫ http://benesse.jp/berd/center/open/report/kosodate/2008_youji/hon/pdf/data_07.pdf 㧘 㧔2008㧕㧚 㧞㧝) 20㧕ߣหߓ 㧞㧞) ’㊁ࠞ࠷ࠦ,ᷰㄝ⑲᮸ ⦁ᯅᗆሶਛ㊁ᵗᕺ✬⪺㧘࿖㓙Ყセߦߺࠆ⇇ߩኅᣖߣሶ⢒ߡ㧘ࡒࡀ࡞ࡧࠔᦠᚱ㧘 㧔2010㧕㧚 㧞㧟) 16㧕ߣหߓ 㧞㧠) 16㧕ߣหߓ 㧞㧡) 16㧕ߣหߓ 㧞㧢) 16㧕ߣหߓ 㧞㧣) ෘ↢ഭ⋭㧘ᐔᚑ 23 ᐕᐲ ߊᅚᕈߩታᖱ㧘ࡎࡓࡍࠫ http://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/houdou/2r9852000002ea8h.html㧘㧔2012㧕㧚 㧞㧤) ᦺᣣᣂ⡞㧔࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ 㧕㧘ᅚᕈߩ⢒ભޟขࠄߥߢޠ㧞㧡㧑 ᳞ੱᐢ๔ળ␠⺞ᩏ㧘ࡎࡓࡍࠫ http://www.asahi.com/business/update/0530/TKY201205300467.html㧘 㧔2012.5.30㧕㧚 㧞㧥) 16㧕ߣหߓ 㧟㧜) ᣣᧄ⚻ᷣᣂ⡞㧔㔚ሶ 㧕㧘ડᬺߩሶ⢒ߡᡰេ㧘ᐲߦ↞߃ߕᚑᨐߒߡ ᄦߦ߽⢒ఽ⻠ᐳ ᣧᦼᓳᏫߢട▚㊄㧘 ࡎࡓࡍࠫ http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXBZO41916590Y2A520C1WZ8000/ 㧔2012.5.29㧕㧚 㧟㧝) ෘ↢ഭ⋭㧘ਔ┙ᡰេ✚วࠨࠗ࠻ ਔ┙ᡰេߩ߭ࠈ߫㧘ࡎࡓࡍࠫ http://www.ryouritsu.jp/hiroba/ 㧟㧞) ↰⟤㧘ޟߊࠆߺࠎޠડᬺߩታᘒ߆ࠄߺࠆലᨐ⊛ߥᰴઍ⢒ᚑᡰេᚢ⇛㧘ᣣᧄኅቇળ㧘 63(2), 79-91㧘 㧔2012㧕㧚 㧟㧟) ⪤ේਭ⟤ሶ㧘ㅅߔࠆਔ┙ᡰេ ߹ ሶߤ߽ࠍ߽ߞߡߊߣ߁ߎߣ㧘ᄥ㇢ᰴ㇢␠ࠛ࠺ࠖ࠲ࠬ㧘㧔2006㧕㧚 㧟㧠) 33㧕ߣหߓ 㧟㧡) 27㧕ߣหߓ
㧟㧢) Hochschild㧘A.R., The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work 㧘 (1996)㧚
㧟㧣) 18㧕ߣหߓ
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