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田辺中島高潮観測塔における2014年夏季観測結果Field Measurements at Tanabe-Nakashima Observation Tower in the Summer of 2014

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田辺中島高潮観測塔における 2014 年夏季観測結果

Field Measurements at Tanabe-Nakashima Observation Tower in the summer of 2014

○馬場康之・水谷英朗・久保輝広・内山雄介・森信人・渡部靖憲・山田朋人・

猿渡亜由未・大塚淳一・二宮順一 〇Yasuyuki BABA, Hideaki MIZUTANI, Teruhiro KUBO, Yusuke UCHIYAMA, Nobuhito MORI,

Yasunori WATANABE, Tomohito YAMADA, Ayumi SARUWATARI, Junichi Otsuka, Junichi Ninomiya

This poster shows some results of a field observation carried out in the summer of 2014. The intensive field observation has been carried out for two and a half months (from August to October) at the observation tower of Shirahama Oceanographic Observatory. The vertical profiles of currents and water temperature have been measured as well as wave and wind conditions, and salinity observations have been carried out. The towing measurements with ADCP have also been conducted for 8 hours on Sep 02nd. During the observation, two typhoons (No.18 and No.19) approached to the Kii peninsula in October. When the typhoon passed around the observation site, wind and wave conditions were very severe, and the vertical mixing develops well.

1.はじめに 白浜海象観測所では,毎年夏に台風接近時の気 象・海象データ計測を目的とした集中観測を実施 している.2014 年の夏期集中観測は 8 月中旬から 10 月まで実施され,観測塔における波高,潮位, 海水温計測に加えて,海底設置型 ADCP による流速 分布計測,水深 30m まで計測範囲を拡張した海水 温計測が実施された.また 2013 年と同様に塩分濃 度,海塩粒子の計測,ならびに砕波に伴う気泡混 入状況のビデオ撮影も実施した.加えて,9/2 に は田辺湾内の横断・縦断測線における曳航観測(連 続 8 時間)も実施し,水深 80m 付近まで沖側の流 向・流速の計測の他,10 数点での水温・塩分濃度 の鉛直分布計測を行った. 2.観測結果の概要 Fig. 1 は,2014 年 8 月から 10 月の降水量およ び気温の時系列である(観測点:南紀白浜空港ア メダス).8 月初旬の降雨は,主に台風 11 号と 12 号によるものであり,特に 8/10 前後に接近した台 風 11 号は紀伊半島の西側を北上し,大雨とともに 非常に強い南寄りの風をもたらした(Fig. 2).Fig. 3 に示すように台風接近に伴う南寄りの強風が連 続しており,8/10 午前には平均風速で 25m/s に達 る強風となったことがわかる.また,10 月にも台 風 18 号(Fig. 4)と 19 号が紀伊半島付近を通過 し,台風 11 号,12 号ほどではないが強い雨と北 寄りの強風をもたらした(Fig. 5). Fig. 6 は観測期間中の海水温の時系列を示して いる.例年 8 月には温度成層が発達し,9 月頃か ら混合層が発達する様子が確認されるが,2014 年 は 8 月の終わりから混合層が発達する様子が確認 され,9 月には観測塔付近の水温分布が鉛直方向 にほぼ一様になっている様子が確認できる. 2013 年の観測では,台風接近に伴う北寄りの強 風が連続した際に,水深の大きな測点から順に水 温が低下する様子が確認され,沿岸湧昇の発生が 推測されたが,2014 年 10 月の台風接近時は北寄 りの風が連続する時間が相対的に短く,エクマン 輸送による表層水の流出,および補償流としての 沿岸湧昇の発生はなかったものと思われる. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 20 40 60 80 0 10 20 30 40

Precipitation and air temperature at Shirahama airport P re c ip it a ti o n ( m m ) A ir te m p e ra tu re (C e ls iu s )

Day from Aug01 2014 Precipitation

Air temperature

Fig. 1 Temporal variations of precipitation and air temperature at Shirahama airport

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Fig. 2 Typhoon track of No.11, 2014 Fig. 4 Typhoon track of No.11, 2014

(Typhoon tracks from Digital Typhoon Data)

0 24 48 72 96 0 8 16 24 32 0 90 180 270 360 0 24 48 72 96 0 4 8 0 4 8 12 16 solid: velocity, dots: direction

(m/s) (deg)

hour from Aug08th 0:00 solid: H1/3, dots: T1/3 (m) (sec) Wind Wave 0 24 48 72 96 0 8 16 24 32 0 90 180 270 360 0 24 48 72 96 0 4 8 0 4 8 12 16 solid: velocity, dots: direction

(m/s) (deg)

hour from Oct04th 0:00 solid: H1/3, dots: T1/3

(m) (sec)

Wind

Wave

Fig. 3 Observed wind and wave data (No.11, 2014) Fig. 5 Observed wind and wave data (No.18, 2014)

0 10 20 30 15 20 25 30 0 10 20 30 15 20 25 30 0 10 20 30 15 20 25 30 water temperature at 5m, 15m, 25m deep August Day 15m 5m 25m September October

Fig. 1 Temporal variations of precipitation and air  temperature at Shirahama airport
Fig. 2 Typhoon track of No.11, 2014        Fig. 4 Typhoon track of No.11, 2014

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