Shinto’s Past and Present
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page 2What the Heck is Dansou!?
page 3Could We Import ‘Purikura’ to the UK?
page 4China Blues
page 5Japanese Art Today
page 55The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
page 6An Introduction to a Japanese Studies Lecturer
page 6
My Year in Jinan
page 7I
page 7Shunga: A Trip to Japan’s Floating World
page8-9
Health and Traditional Chinese Medicine
page 9Tokyo, Free Jazz, Avant-Garde
page 10Can I survive without Facebook?
page 11Manners in Japan
page 122
It is said that Shinto practices began in the 8th century. Shinto has the meaning the “way of the Gods”. Unlike Christianity there are no scriptures. The Gods take the form of important things in life; such as wind, rain, mountains, trees, rivers and fertility. It is also said that when humans pass away they become Gods.
In Shinto it is understood that no one is perfect. Therefore, sin is caused by evil spirits. Because of this, prayer and purification try to prevent evil spirits. Also purification ceremonies are a necessary thing. In Harae, there are various offerings. For example, food and alcohol offering to the gods, branches of a sacred tree, salt, rice, rice cakes and alcohol are all typical offerings. When visiting a Shrine, in order to show respect and thanks, it’s necessary to throw money into the offertory box, bow deeply twice and clap twice. Above that, before entering a Shrine there is a place where you must clean your hands and mouth. Also, it’s common to write a wish on the Ema plaques at the Shrine.
Four years ago in Japan I saw a Shinto style wedding. Traditionally, the wedding ceremony is held at a Shrine. But, sometimes nowadays Shinto wedding ceremonies are
held at hotels. In the ceremony, the couple is purified, drinks sake and reads the words of commitment. On average at the ceremony there are about 200 guests. During the ceremony the bride changes her dress several times.
In recent decades in Japanese weddings Japanese couples have introduced Western elements. For example, many brides decide to wear white dresses and some religious ceremonies follow the Christian style completely. Most of the couples aren’t Christian. Other different points are cake cutting, the exchange of rings and the honeymoon. Recently, the number of Japanese couples who have the ceremony outside Japan is increasing. The reason is probably because the honeymoon and wedding ceremony can be combined and the overall cost can be reduced.
The Kagura dance is another way to purify yourself. After watching a video I think that the Kagura dance is very lively. Also, it’s full of singing and dancing. The dance originates from an old Japanese text called the Kojiki. Early priests believed that song and dance provided a good balanced lifestyle. In order to tell the story, music is used. Compared to other ancient dances, due to society
the Kagura is always changing. As for the Kagura dance, it’s very popular and as time has passed, the same costumes have been used by each generation.
After Japan lost the Second World War in 1946, Shinto was disestablished. The church and state were separated. This event was caused by McArthur. He denied the Emperor’s divinity. Therefore in Japan many new religions were established. These new religions were influenced by traditional religions such as Shinto, Buddhism and Hinduism. Following the war, Japan’s Shrines wanted to help in
order to give ordinary people better fortune. After that Shinto also spread abroad to America where a few people practise the religion. But most of the Shrines that were established in Taiwan and Korea during the war were later were destroyed.
Finally, Shinto is still believed to be the most popular religion in Japan. According to a survey, about 83% of Japanese people practice Shinto. Because in Japan Shinto is believed to be the way of life.
Shinto’s Past and Present
神道の過去と現在
by Lindsay Clayton translated by Anna Kato
神道の実践は、八世紀に始まった と言われています。神道は、神々 の道と言う意味です。キリスト教 とは異なり、経典がありません。 神は、風、雨、山、木、川、肥 沃としての日常生活の中で重要な 物の形をとります。亡くなった後 で、人間は、神になると言われて います。 神道では、だれもが完璧でないこ とを理解されています。したがっ て、罪は悪霊によって引き起こさ れます。このために、浄化と祈り で、悪霊を防ぎます。また、浄化 の儀式は、神道では、必要なこと の一つです。はらえには、色々な 供祭があります。例えば、しんせ ん、たまぐし、塩、ご飯、餅、酒 などは、典型的な供祭です。 神 社に旅行する時には、礼をしめ すために、さいせんばこにお金を なげたり、二回ふかくおじぎをし たり、二度かわしでをしたりする ことが、必要です。その上、 神 社に入る前にあなたの手と口をき れいにしなければならない場所が あります。また、神社の絵馬の絵 札に願いごとを書くことが一般的 です。 私は、日本で、四年前に、神前結 婚式を見たことがあります。伝 統的に、宗教的な結婚式は神社で 開催されます。でも、現在は、時 々、神前結婚式がホテルでもあり ます。式典では、カップルは宣誓 をし、誓いを読み、お酒を飲んだ りします。 平均すると、式典に は、約二百人のゲストがあつまり ます。 花嫁は式典中数回衣裳をき がえます。 この十年間、日本の結婚式ではカ ップルたちは、西洋風の要素を導 入し始めました。 例えば、多く の花嫁は、白いドレスを着ると決 め、 いくつかの宗教的な儀式は、 キリスト教のスタイルに完全に則 っています。 ほとんどのカップ ルは、クリスチャンではありませ ん。 他に違う点は、ケーキのカッ トや、指輪の交換や、新婚旅行な どです。 最近、日本以外で、結婚 式を行う日本人のカップルの数が 増えてきています。 理由は、新 婚旅行と結婚式が一緒にできるの で、全体的な費用が減らせるから なのかもしれません。 かぐらおどりは、身を清めるため の別の方法です。 ビデオを見る と、活発だと思います。 たくさん 歌って、踊りをします。 このダン スは、「古事記」という、日本の 古い文献にもとづきます。 昔の僧 たちは、歌と踊りがバランスの良 い生活をもたらすと信じていまし た。 文章を読む時は、音楽を使い ます。 他の古い踊りに比べ、社会 に伴い、かぐらは、いつも変わっ ています。 かぐらは、とても人気 があり、時代を経ても、同じ衣装 が、それぞれの世代によって使用 されます。 日本が第二次世界大戦に敗戦した 1946年に、神道は、廃止されまし た。 寺社と国家は、引き離されま した。アメリカ人のマッカーサの 主導によって、この出来事は起こ りました。 彼は、天皇の神性を否 定しました。 したがって、日本 で、たくさんの新宗教が、設立さ れました。 この新宗教には、神 道や、仏教や、ヒンドゥー教など の伝統的な宗教が、影響を与えて います。 戦争が続き、日本の神 社は、人々が、より良い暮らしを するために助ける必要がありまし た。 その後、神道は、少数の人 のみが神道を実践しているアメリ カにも広まりました。 しかし、 戦争の間、台湾と韓国に建てた神 社は、ほとんど壊されなくなりま した。 最後に、神道は、まだ、日本で、 一番人気のある宗教と信じられて います。 調査によると、約83％ の日本人は、神道を実践していま す。 ですから、神道は、日本人に 生き方を考えさせていると言える でしょう。
Dansou is when girls wear male fashion and particularly refers to those who wear Japanese male fashion. When I say ‘girl’ I mean in the biological sense. There are those who are of neutral gender and of other gender identities amongst those involved in dansou. This fashion is not new, but it seems to have made a recent comeback. For example, in July of this year the magazine ‘Garçon Girls’ was published. Garçon is French for ‘boy’, so the literal title of the magazine is ‘Boy Girls’.
In dansou there are various styles, such as the shota style, where the style is like that of a young boy, and visual kei, where male clothing from visual kei fashion is worn. Visual kei being a genre of music, which takes various aesthetic elements from genres such as glam, highlighting the use of make-up and often androgynous fashion. The difference between dansou and being a tomboy, is that those who do dansou want to be perceived as men.
In Japan, there are places called ‘dansou cafes’, where the staff are all women doing dansou. Amongst the customers, there are women, men, and those who identify as transgender. Transgender refers to when one’s biological sex does not fit with the gender one feels. There are various identities amongst transgender individuals. They do not all desire sex reassignment surgery, nor are they all crossdressers. Transgender customers simply feel quite comfortable in dansou cafes, or indeed its male counterpart,
男装とは、女性が男性を装うファ ッションのことであり、特に日本 の男性ファッションを着ている女 性のことを指す。女性というのは 生物学的性のことだが、中には中 性の人などもいる。このファッシ ョンは新しくはないが、最近また 新たなブームが起きたそうだ。今 年の７月に『Garçon Girls』という 雑誌が創刊された。Garçonという のはフランス語で「男の子」とい う意味で、雑誌の名前は文字通り 「男の子の女性」だ。 男装の中には、ショタという幼い 男の子のようなスタイルや、男性 のヴィジュアル系バンドのスタイ ルなど、多様なスタイルがある。 おてんば娘とは違い、男装してい る人は男性として見られたいのだ 日本には「男装カフェ」と呼ばれ る所がある。このカフェの従業員
What the Heck is Dansou!?
男装っていったい何！？
by Amy Johnson translated by Amy Johnson and Masashi Hoshino
josou cafes. Incidentally, those who do dansou do not necessarily identify as transgender, but there are some people who do so. Everyone is different.
Dansou is originally a Japanese fashion, but it has also seen some popularity abroad. For instance, a group composed of members from all over the globe, called Bokutachi, formed in 2012. Both Japanese and overseas girls doing dansou admire Akira, who is both a popular model, often appearing in the magazines ‘Kera’ and ‘Kera Boku, and the vocalist of a visual kei band. According to Akira, gender is unimportant and everyone should dress as they see fit.
I hope you learned something from this article. If you’re interested, please do look into male fashion and try out dansou for yourself.
は全て男装した女性だ。客の中に は、女性も男性も、トランスジェ ンダーの人もいる。トランスジェ ンダーというのは生物学的性と心 のジェンダーが合わない人びとの ことだ。トランスジェンダーの中 にも様々な人がいて、皆性転換手 術をし たいわけではないし、皆ク ロスドレッサーというわけでもな い。ただ、トランスジェンダーの 人びとにとって、男装カフェは（ そして女装カフェも）居心地のよ い場所なのだ。ちなみに男装して いる人が皆トランスジェンダーだ というわけではないが、中にはト ランスジェンダーの人もいる。皆 それぞれ違うのだ。 男装は基本的に日本のファッシ ョンだったが、海外でも人気が 出てきた。例えば、2012年には、 メンバーを世界中から集めた BOKUTACHIというグループが結 成された。日本人でも外国人で も、男装している人は皆Akiraと いうモデルに憧れている。Akira は男装モデルで、ヴィジュアル系 バンドのボーカリストでもある。 『Kera』や『Kera Boku』という雑 誌によく出ていて、かなり人気が ある。Akiraの語るところによれ ば、ジェンダーというのはあまり 重要ではなく、皆好きな服装をす ればよいという。 今回の記事が面白いものであれば 幸いである。もし興味があれば、 男装のファッションについて調 て、是非試してみてほしい。
4
I have lots of memories from the great time I spent in Japan. Of course, I ate lots of delicious Japanese food, I went sightseeing to many famous places and I don’t know how many times I sang my heart out at karaoke! However, the thing that I really loved doing was ‘Purikura’. In the UK, though, there are no photo booths quite as fun as Japanese ‘Purikura’ and so I got to thinking how good it would be to import Purikura to the United Kingdom. By explaining a few of Purikura’s good points, I hope that by the end of this article, you will all feel the same way as I do.
There may well be readers who have no idea what Purikura is so I will start by giving a little explanation. Basically, you and your friends have your photo taken in a photo booth doing cool or cute poses and then, using the screen on the machine, you edit those photos. Types of editing you can do are: making your skin paler and make your eyes huge. You can also put on colour contacts or change the colour of your hair to make yourself the cutest you that you can be! This edited version of yourself is often called ‘Puri no kao’, or ‘Puri-face’. According to the results of a survey done by ‘Nikkei Newspaper’, 77% of high school and middle school girls answered that they prefer their Puri-face to their real face. To be honest, I wasn’t particularly surprised by this statistic. Your Puri-face is always beautiful so anyone can become photogenic. There’s no-one who doesn’t like to come out well in photos, right?
Next, I’d like to talk about Purikura’s special feature: their photo stickers. Once you’ve finished your photo editing, you receive a strip of stickers with your photos printed on them which you then split up between your friends. You can stick these photos on your phone, your laptop, your diary or anywhere you want to brighten up. There are also people who give message boards decorated with Purikura for their friends’ birthdays. Purikura you took together are memories of days that you hung out together so, by decorating your belongings with Purikura stickers, you can be reminded of these fun times wherever you look.
Could We Import ‘Purikura’ to
the UK?
プリクラをイギリスに輸入すればどうでしょうか？
by Catherine Russell
Of course, there are smartphone apps that edit photos, but you rarely print these photos off and so end up forgetting about them. Personally, whenever I look at my Purikura, I’m reminded of the fun times I had with my friends and family in Japan and it always makes me happy. I want English people to be able to experience this as well, and so I think it would be good to import Purikura to the UK.
Finally, I should probably tackle the issue of whether Purikura would be a success if it were imported to the UK. As far as Japan is concerned, Purikura remains hugely popular. The data for 2011 show that Purikura made a total of 325,000,000,000,000Yen (£1,922,017,500,000) which was 32% up from previous years. However, there are many differences between British and Japanese culture, of course, so we would have to think carefully about the importation plan. For example, British concepts of beauty are different to Japanese ones so perhaps a British person would find such big eyes a little scary. Therefore, before importing Purikura to the UK, we would need to make the editing features adapt to this. What’s more, In Japan, Purikura is usually found in arcade-type places called ‘Game Centres’. As we don’t have many of these in the UK, we would have to think about where would be a good place to install them. However, if we consider these problems carefully and launch an advertising campaign that can properly show Purikura’s charms, I believe that it could be a success in the UK. プリクラをイギリスに輸入すればどうですか？ 私は日本で素晴らしい経験をして、様々な思い 出を作りました。もちろんおいしい日本料理を 食べたり、色々な名所を観光したり、カラオケ を何回も楽しんだりしましたが、私の大好きな ことはプリクラでした。しかし、日本のプリク ラのように楽しいプリントシール機がイギリス にはありません。ですから、イギリスにプリク ラを輸入すればいいな、と考えています。プリ クラのいい点を説明しながら、輸入しようとい うその気持ちを皆さんに伝えたいと思います。 プリクラが知らない読者のために、まずプリク ラについて少し説明します。 基本的に、友達とかわいいポーズやかっこいい ポーズの写真を撮影して、その撮ったばかりの 写真を機械で編集します。どのような編集がで きるかを少し紹介します。例えば、肌を白くし たり、目もとをパッチリできます。さらに、カ ラーコンタクトを加えたり、髪の色を変えたり して、究極にかわいい自分を作ることができま す。この編集された顔はよく「プリの顔」と言 われています。日経新聞の調査結果によれば、 中高生の女子の77％が「自分の顔より、プリの 顔が好き」と答えました。実は、私は統計にあ まり驚きませんでした。プリの顔はいつもきれ いだから、誰でも写真写りがよくなります。自 分が引き立った写真が好きじゃない人はいない でしょう！ 次に、プリクラのシールという特徴を紹介した いと思います。写真の編集が終わったら、プリ ントシール機から写真が印刷されたシールが出 てきて、友達と分けます。そのプリクラのシー ルは携帯、パソコン、日記、電子辞書など様々 なところに貼り付けられます。さらに、友達の 誕生日に、プリクラシールで飾りつけたメッセ ージボードを贈る場合もあるらしいです。一緒 に撮ったプリクラは、一緒に遊んだ思い出なの で、このようにすると、プリクラを見たときに いつでも、幸せで貴重な時間を思い出すことが できます。スマホでプリクラのように写真を編 集できるアプリがあるものの、スマホで撮った 画像はあまりプリントしないので、忘れてしま います。私は、プリクラの写真を見ると、日本 で家族や友達とともに楽しく遊んだ日々を思い 出して、嬉しくなります。イギリス人もこの気 持ちを経験してほしいので、プリクラを輸入す ればいいと思います。 最後に、イギリスでならプリクラは成功できる かの疑問について述べたいと思います。日本で は、プリクラの人気は相変わらず続いていて、 ２０１１年度のプリントシール機の利用額は３ ２５億万円で、前年度に比べて、３２％伸びま した。ただし、日本とイギリスの文化はもちろ ん異なることがあるので、輸入計画をよく考え ねばなりません。例えば、イギリス人と日本人 では美しさについての価値観が違います。イ ギリス人にとって、こんなにパッチリとした 目は、少し怖いかもしれないので、輸入する 前に、もっとイギリスの美しさの好みに合わせ るようにしなければならないと思います。さら に、イギリスには、ゲームセンターはあまりな いので、どこにプリクラ機械を設置すればいい かもよく考えないといけません。しかし、これ らの問題を考慮して、プリクラの魅力を伝える 広告キャンペーンさえできれば、イギリスでプ リクラは成功できると信じています！
Anyone who has experienced life in today’s China, either through personal experience or through listening to others’ stories, knows that contemporary life is taxing. Though in comparison to previous generations, today’s Chinese seem to have it easy: living standards are rising, the economy is growing and more and more are able to live the lives that they want. In reality, however, today’s Chinese face serious social pressure. The Chinese once worried about where the next meal was coming from and how they would survive their leaders’ political whims, but today’s Chinese are confronted with brutal social competition and the heavy burdens of buying a house, getting a good education and finding a spouse. Since 1998, depression has been the second most diagnosed health problem after heart disease with doctors estimating that 260 million people said to be suffering from at least mild depression last year. Though it is not clear whether the number of sufferers is growing or whether just more people are coming forward, what is clear is that the number of depression-related suicide now exceeds traffic accident fatalities, with over 250,000 a year. This is a sad picture of China, a country we see too often in the news flashing its wealth and newly-gained prestige. It may be reasonable to expect a country to
first look after those 250,000 each year rather than investing in trips to the moon and expensive panda-rearing programmes, but still health services either cannot cope with the pressure of this seemingly worsening problem or are simply not offered, as in the case of rural areas, where 80% of suicide attempts occur. Instead, people who can afford to are increasingly turning to anti-depressants with sales rocketing last year. In 2012, £326m worth of the drugs were sold in China, which although still only a small part of the whole drugs industry, does represent a growing portion with a near-23% increase on the previous year. Rather than ignoring the problem, it seems like a problem that the government should concentrate on just a little more, if not for moral reasons then just to save the estimated £5.2bn lost each other to depression. 无论你是亲身体验过中国的生活， 抑或是靠听着他人的经验谈而理解 今时今日的中国，都不难知道当代 中国生活的艰辛。纵使相比起以前 的世代，今时今日的中国看起来很 风光：生活水平在改善，经济在起 飞，愈来愈多人能够随心所欲的生 活－现实是今天的中国人都面对着 沉重的社会压力。昔日的中国人都 在担心能否吃得饱，能否在动荡的 政局下生存下去；现代的中国人则 面对着激烈的社会竞争以及置业， 教育和婚姻的重担。 自 1998 年起，抑郁症已成为继心脏
China Blues
中国的抑郁蓝调
by Andrew Cross translated by Serena Cheung
病之后中国第二大的健康问题，医 生估计单在去年，受到轻微或以上 的抑郁症所困扰的人就有大约两亿 六千万人。虽然我们不清楚导致这 个局面的原因到底是因为患者的数 目在上升，还是纯粹因为有更多人 公开承认患上抑郁症，显然易見的 是每年能跟抑郁症扯上关系的自杀 个案已超过二十五万件，而且比起 因交通意外而过世的人数更多。 这是中国，一个我们太常在新闻里 看到会炫耀自己财富与地位的国 家，让人感到难过的现象。相比起 投资在太空航天活动及昂贵的熊猫 饲养计划上，一个国家先去花钱照 顾这些受抑郁症困扰的人看似合 理；然而，现有的医疗服务制度根 本无法应付来自这个正在恶化的问 题的压力；而在乡村地区，更加没 有抑郁症相关的治疗－可是八成企 图自杀的个案正正就发生在这些
Japan is known as one of the most creative countries, but at the same time, the Japanese are one of the most art-loving nations in the world.
According to “The Art Newspaper”, the most popular show in 2012 was “Masterpieces from the Mauritshuis”; it was held in Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum, and on that day 10,573 visitors went to the show.
Another Japanese show “Japanese Masterpieces from the MFA, Boston”, held in Tokyo National Museum, got second place in the ranking. These numbers tell us that both Western and traditional Japanese art are popular in Japan.
In addition, if we look at Japanese contemporary culture, it is easy to understand about Japanese hybrid culture.
Takashi Murakami, one of the successful Japanese contemporary artists, introduced Japanese Manga and Otaku culture in his works.
Usually Manga or Otaku culture is seen as a sub culture and it cannot be considered a main culture like Fine Art.
But he combines it with traditional ways of fine art, such as painting and sculpture, and therefore his works are known as a new wave of contemporary art.
To sum up, Japanese culture is still changing and being influenced by new cultural aspects.
Japanese Art Today
日本のアートの現在
by Anna Kato
日本は最も想像的な国の一つとして知られていますが、同時に、世界で最 も芸術好きな国でもあります。 "Art Newspaper"によると、2012年に最多来場者1位を記録した展覧会は、東 京都美術館で行われた『マウリッツハイス美術館展 オランダ・フランド ル絵画の至宝』展で、 平均すると一日に10,573人もの人が訪れました。 2位も同じく日本で行われた、東京国立博物館の『ボストン美術館 日本美術 の至宝』展です。 これらのことから、西洋美術、日本美術などのカテゴリーを問わず、「芸 術」が広く日本で親しまれていることがわかります。 また、日本の現在に目を向けると、日本文化がいかにハイブリッドな性格 を持っているかを理解することができるでしょう。 著名な現代アートの作家の村上隆氏は、マンガやオタクの文化を作品に取 り入れました。 通常、「マンガ」や「オタク」は、サブカルチャーと見なされ、現代アー トのようなハイカルチャーと認められることはありません。 しかし、彼はマンガやオタクの文化を、絵画や彫刻など現代アートで頻繁 に使われる方法へと融合させ、現代アートの新しい風潮を作ることに成功 しました。 ―日本の文化は様々な文化に影響されながら、今も変容を続けています。 地区。 另一边厢，能够付得起钱的都趋向 使用抗抑郁药来控制病情；就在去 年，中国的抗抑郁药销售额都急速 攀升至大约三百二十六英镑。虽然 这只占制药业总收入的一小部份， 相比起去年的销售额，升幅接近百 分之二十三。 与其只将问题视而不见，中国政府 很应该，就算不是基于道德上的理 由，就看在是为了节省每一年因为 抑郁症而花掉的五十二亿英镑份 上，在这个问题上多加关注。6
Xinjiang is China’s westernmost province and largest single administrative region with a total landmass of 1.6 million km2. The region has copious oil reserves and is the largest natural gas-producing region within China. Due to this wealth in natural resources, Xinjiang has seen not only vast amounts of state money to exploit these resources, but also floods of Han Chinese from eastern China moving to Xinjiang.
Having traditionally been home to a number of ethnic minorities, including Uyghur, Hui, Kazakh and Mongol, the majority of which are Muslim; demographic changes have caused major tensions between the different groups in recent years. These tensions have manifested themselves in public, often violent demonstrations caused by Uyghur Muslims frustrated at the controls imposed on their religion and culture by the Han Chinese state and local governments.
Recent incidents include the 2008 Xinjiang attack in the city of Kashgar four days before the start of the Beijing Olympics, which led to the deaths of 16 police officers, and the July 2009 Urumqi Riots which saw widespread violence between Uyghurs, Han Chinese and local police. More than 1,500 people were injured in the riots, many buildings and vehicles were destroyed during the riots, which lasted several days in the provincial capital. 2013 has seen several clashes and incidents attributed to Uyghur separatists, the latest being the suicide attack on the 28th October in Tiananmen Square in which more than 30 people were injured and five were killed.
Religious and ethnic tensions are often the causes for these incidents, which are frequently dismissed by the government as extremist attacks in the province, which was used as a training ground for the Mujahedeen during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Many Uyghur Muslims
feel that recent policies in Xinjiang, as well as the influx of money and Han Chinese into the area, have curtailed their religious freedoms, as well as damaging their ethnic identity. As Han Chinese now constitute 41% of Xinjiang’s population, Uyghurs still maintain their majority of 43.3%, it does not seem that the tensions in Xinjiang will be resolved permanently any time soon. 新疆是中国西部边陲省份，也是最大的行政区 域，面积一百六十万平方千米。这个地区拥有富 饶的石油储备，同时是中国境内最大的天然气生 产基地。正因有着丰富的自然资源，不仅国家在 新疆投入了大量资金来开发这些资源，还有许多 汉族人从东部迁来。 新疆历来的都是众多少数民族的家园，包括了维 吾尔族、回族、哈萨克族和蒙古族，大多是穆斯 林。当地人口构成的变化近年来造成了不同民族 之间的紧张局势。这些紧张的情绪在公众中爆 发，感到自己的宗教信仰和文化受到压制，受控 于汉政权和当地政府，失意的维族穆斯林常常诉 诸于暴力。 近来发生的事件包括了，北京2008年奥运会前四 天发生在新疆喀什噶尔的袭击事件，导致十六位 警员殉职，以及2009年6月在乌鲁木齐的动乱， 维、汉以及当地民众的大面积骚乱。动荡在这个 省会城市持续数日，超过一千五百人在暴乱中受 伤，大量房屋和交通工具损坏。 2013年由维族独立主义者造成的冲突和事件中， 最近的一件是10月28日在天安门广场的自杀式袭 击，导致五死，三十余人伤。 这些事件的导火索多是紧张的宗教及民族问题， 常常以恐怖袭击之名，由政府瓦解。该地区在苏 联入侵阿富汗时期，曾是穆斯林圣战者的训练 场。许多维族穆斯林认为近来的新疆政策，大量 金钱和汉人涌入该地区，限制了他们的宗教自 由，破坏了他们的民族认知。如今汉人占据了 41%的新疆人口，维族仍然维持他们在该地区的 多数性，占43.3%。在短期内，新疆问题似乎无 法一劳永逸地解决。
The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous
Region
新疆维族自治区
by Wil Lowe
An Introduction to
a Japanese Studies Lecturer
by Dr Erica Baffelli
I came to Manchester in April 2003. Previously I worked at the University of Otago in Dunedin (New Zealand) for nearly six years. This semester I am teaching a course on religion in Japan and I am preparing a new course on religion and media in Japan for Semester Two. The course Religion in Japan is a second year course covering the main religious traditions in Japan (including Buddhism, Shinto, ‘folk’ religions and New Religious Movements) and discussing thematic topics, such as the relationship between religion and the state, rituals, practices and religious changes in late 20th/ early 21st century. The new course on Religion and Media will be looking at both representations of religion in media and use of media by religious organizations and case studies will include newspapers and magazines, movies, manga and anime and websites.
My main research interests lie in the development
of religious movements in 1980s-1990s Japan. In particular, I am interested in how some religious groups (called shinshukyou, ‘new religions’) used the media in the early stage of their development to attract new members and to create an image of a successful and up-to-date religion. One group, for example, was one of the first organizations in Japan to use satellite broadcasting and it created a new ritual to fit exactly the 30 minutes slot of the satellite transmission. In this case the media are not just being used by the religious organization, but they play an essential role in reshaping its religious practices.
My research also focuses on the role played by media in defining religious movements and in affecting how religion is perceived and defined in contemporary Japan. In particular, I am interested on how the image of religion changed
in Japan after the sarin gas attack perpetrated by a religious group called Aum Shinrikyou in Tokyo subway in March 1995. In my current research, I am also looking at ex-members of Aum Shinrikyou, focusing in particular on a new group founded in 2007 by Aum’s previous spokesperson and his followers.
This group provides a fascinating opportunity to follow the development of a new religious group from its very beginning and to understand the challenges a new group has to face (and its reactions to them could determine the survival of the group itself).
At the same time, the group offers an interesting example of how ex-members who where not directly involved in the violent acts but who decided to remain in Aum after 1995, could deal with the group violent past and attempt to restructure its practices and its teachings.
I
Hi! How are you?
I am fine. Thank you! And you? What’s on the ground? Y’alright?
Yeah, you?
What’s up the sky? Red light and cross the line Cold wind and up the bottom I can’t imagine the world without red and yellow
Hello, Loaf!
I am going to the book stop. Good look!
Wanna go party tonight? I am going to the learning commons.
On Friday night? Bread and butter Club and cocktail
I can’t imagine the world without blue and white
I
by Jie Wang
Living in China has definitely been one of the best experiences of my life. At first, I was incredibly nervous - it was my first time in Asia, let alone China, and I was to be the only person from my year arriving in the first semester. Before Jinan, I had only ever lived in London and Manchester, so needless to say, my first few weeks there were quite a shock. Somewhat naively, I had assumed that, with a population of several million, Jinan would have just as much to offer, which I soon discovered was not the case. That’s not to say there is nothing to do, my friends and I still managed to have lots of fun, but to say that there much in the way of nightlife is an exaggeration (most places close by 10pm).
Admittedly, when I first arrived, I was rather underwhelmed, and many things seemed strange to me: I couldn’t understand why so many people insisted on hacking up phlegm and spitting in the street; or why some people would go out of their way to stare at me and take photos; the split pants babies wore seemed downright bizarre; I secretly wondered if cab drivers wanted to kill me, given their insistence that I “did not need to wear a seatbelt”; being complimented on my “whiteness” as I went about my business seemed odd at the best of times; squat toilets seemed awkward and gross; and to this day, I am amazed that I was not involved in some kind of road accident. Yet what surprised me most was how quickly life in China became normal to me.
When I look back, I think of all the things I miss: eating street food with friends; going to KTV; the look on locals’ faces when they realise I can speak the language; random and delightful conversations with cab drivers, shop keepers and passers-by; travelling around the country; and how helpful people were. One of the most stressful moments of my time was when I was stranded alone in Hainan because the pollution in the North was so bad my flight was cancelled for 3 days. The hotel the airline put us in was awful (it didn’t even have Internet connection), they didn’t even give us our checked luggage, and I was all alone. But a nice woman took me under her wing, and when I finally arrived in Jinan airport, a friendly family (who actually lived in a different town) insisted that they drive me all the way back to the university. In my experience, Chinese people often are willing go out of their way to make sure that a young girl so far away from home feels welcome. For me, it was both an eye-opening and an incredibly fun experience, and I can’t wait to go back.
在中国留学肯定是我最好的经验之一。首先，我紧张得要死： 这是我第一 次在亚洲，何况在中国，还有，第一个学期只有我一个人要来。来到济南 以前，我只住在伦敦，曼城过，更不用说我最初到达时的吃惊了。我有些 天真地以为，因为济南的人口包括几百万人，所以济南应该有不下于的娱 乐场所。我开药发现了我的错误！我的意思不是什么娱乐场所都没有，相 反，我和朋友们还玩得很愉快，但是在晚上时候，人们没有很多选择 (大部 分场所十点要关门)。 不可否认地说，我刚来到济南的时候，觉得比较失望。还有很多事物看起 来很奇怪：我不明白为什么那么多人在街上要咯痰 和吐痰；和为什么人们 对我凝视或者拍照；还有，小孩儿穿的开裆裤看起来特别奇怪； 我暗暗想 出租车司机要杀我，因为他们一直告诉我“不用穿安全带”； 逛街的时候 听到人过奖我的白皮肤有点儿奇怪； 我觉得蹲厕 即讨厌又不舒适； 还有， 至今，我没发生交通意外了是难以置信的！但最吃惊的事儿是我那么快适 应了中国生活。 我回顾那一年生活的时候，我想到所有的让我怀念的事儿：跟朋友们一起 去吃路边小吃；去KTV唱歌； 当地人发现我会说汉语的吃惊表情； 跟出 租司机，小贩，和路人随意进行有意思的谈话；旅行；还有人们对我友 好的态度。我最紧张的时候是我在海南被困住了。因为空气污染太厉害， 所以飞机三天不能起飞。航空公司给我们住的酒店质量很差（连网也不能 上），没还给我们托运行李， 我孑然一身。但是一个友好姐姐关照了我。 还有我来到济南机场时候，一个友好的家庭，虽然他们住在另一个城市， 坚持陪我回大学。从我的经验来看，中国人经常愿意让一个外国年轻姑娘 觉得宾至如归。 对我来说，这既是让我开拓眼界又十分有趣的一段经历，我已经等不及想 要回去了。
My Year in Jinan
我在济南的经验
by Francesca Sablan translated by Francesca
Sablan and Zixi Tang
You and I
Y’alright? 你吃了吗？ Cheers! 谢啦！ Hello, Loaf! 哪儿切？ Good look! 系甘先！Red light and cross the line 红灯停， 绿灯走
Cold wind and up the bottom 艳阳顶，雨伞举
Wanna go party tonight? 去喝早茶吗？
Bread and butter 米饭和花生油 Club and cocktail 茶馆和铁观音
I can’t imagine the world without rainbow
阳光总在风雨后
People usually read the new world in their self-centred “I” perspective when meeting different cultures. But they can also allow the outsider “You” to walk into their old world and comprehend him/her by finding their common features.
8 11月1日に前田、保明先生と共に日本語学科の 生徒で春画展を大英博物館に見に行って来まし た.セメスター当初より春画について学んできた ので、大変な興奮とともに高い教養作品を直接 見に行きたくなっていました。ところで春画と はどんなもので、何を目的にしたものなのでし ょうか？ 春画とは江戸時代初期から大正期にかけて性愛 について描かれた絵画であり, ほとんどの作品は浮世絵師によって描かれて ま。文字通り日本語の「春画」とは春を意味し ています。日本語において、春という言葉は一 般的に、性的なニュアンスをほのめかすもので す。春画はポルノのように思われますが、春画 の本質は現代描写における,性的描写やポルノと はかけ離れたものです。春画はユーモアに溢れ たものであり,性的光悦の絵画(ペニスパリニル バナ、仏像の死参照)、そして象徴的な作者とし ては、喜多川歌磨呂,葛飾北斎、国定忠治などが あげられます。 春画は日本においてほぼ300年間全ての階級か ら支持をえており、元々は恋人同士が性交渉の 絶頂の間に使うために作られたものです。 春 画は テクニック,シチュエーション，立場スパ イスや情熱を加えるための媒体物でもありま した。300年もの間、性的行動の多様性を表現 した芸術は、性の奔放さや心象を日本人カッ プルで楽しめるという一面を提供していまし た。幾つかの場面は理解しがたい西洋芸術に影 響を受け、 例えば春画のイントロダクション... On 1 November, a group of students from the
Japanese and History department went to see the Shunga exhibition at the British Museum, accompanied by both Homei-sensei and Meade-sensei. The students have been studying about this type of erotic art from the beginning of the semester so being to see the pieces firsthand proved to be highly education as well as a tremendous amount of fun. However, what is Shunga, and who were these erotic materials aimed at?
Shunga (春画 is a Japanese term for erotic art produced from 1600 to 1900 and were mostly created by the artists of the ‘floating world’/ ukiyo-e. Translated literally, the Japanese word ‘Shunga’ meaning pictures of spring; in Japanese “spring” (春）is a common euphemism for sexual intercourse. Even though these pieces of erotic artwork may sound like pornography, the reality of Shunga is far from the modern depictions of both pornography and sex. Shunga pieces celebrated the humorous (see Penis Parinirvana: Parody of the Death of the Buddha) as well as sexual pleasures in brilliantly coloured paintings and prints from many iconic artists including Utamaro, Hokusai and Kunisada.
Shunga appealed to all classes in Japan for almost 300 years, and were primarily created for lovers to use as a medium to increase their peak of sexual arousal during their most intimate moments. Shunga was a medium in which added spice and passion to a relationship giving a variety of loving making techniques, situations and positions. The diversity of sexual behaviours expressed within this art offer a glimpse of the sexual freedoms and sexual fantasies enjoyed by many Japanese couples during the period. Some of the scenes are infused with passion in a way unimaginable in Western art; Introduction of Shunga into ‘the West’ sparked outrage from some religious groups resulting many prints being destroyed. Faces and limbs contort in ecstasy and scenes
Shunga: A trip to Japan’s
Floating World
春画―日本の浮世への旅行
by Nick Lavin translated by Yosuke Sotodate
burst with sexual excitement with particular focus on both male and female genitalia. The exaggeration of the size of both female and male sexual organs were shown much larger than they are in reality which may be from the influence of early Japanese religions that had some element of phallic worship which crossed over into art-forms. Shunga reached a peak of popularity in eighteenth century and which then began to deteriorate in the nineteenth century as Western influence gradually became apparent in Japanese government, law and ritual. By the twentieth century the presence of Shunga had been driven underground, while what was still produced was increasingly intended for a growing European audience. Upon the influence of Western printing techniques and materials into Japan in 1850s, the delicate subtleties of the previous Shunga material was abandoned in favour of the comparatively bright coloured and heavy lined art of the West. After being able to look at and analyse many Shunga materials featured in the exhibition, (from the sexual, explicit and humorous!) the students went to a local cafe for a short tea-break to share their thoughts and impressions from the exhibition. The students discussed how sexual representations and expressions were represented and explored in nineteenth century Japan and how that compares to the sexual representations of gender, sex and bodies in contemporary Japanese media. While Shunga depicts both adults indulging in sexual activities to be enjoying themselves regardless of whether the couple is heterosexual or homosexual, does sex in contemporary Japanese media view sex and sexually through a different lens; one which is aimed towards one specifically dominate sex rather than being enjoyed by both sexes together?
Students then attended a fascinating lecture which discussed the depiction of Shunga in modern day Japanese comics (manga) where
experts in the field of Japanese history of art discussed the relations of modern day comics (manga) with the erotic woodblock prints and how similarities can be seen in both depictions of sex and sexuality in Japanese media.
The exhibition truly brought the Shunga materials to life and enabled the students to enjoy the work first-hand. ‘Shunga: sex and pleasure in Japanese art’ is a truly fascinating exhibition and will be open to the public until 5 January 2014 at British Museum in London. It is a definite must-see!
Health and Traditional Chinese
Medicine (1)
by Amily Wang, language tutor in Chinese
‘健康’ 是什么意思？ 要想真正理解古人有关 身体或者心理，精神的理念，就要仔细分析一下 ‘健康’ 这两个字以及其中的含义。 ‘健’ 字的发音与 ‘建’ 相同，含义相近。 ‘建’ 字中的 廴(yǐn), 有引长的意思， 引申 为连接connect； ‘聿’，意为律。《说文》： “建，立朝律也。” 法律，律例等等。 加上最左 边的人, 就是人与自然的规律连接，也就是中医的 天人合一的思想。 凡是用“建”加上其他偏旁组成的字，大多含有 有力的意思，比如“腱”是坚韧有力的筋，腱子 肉就是绷紧发力的肌肉；“犍”是力大无穷的公 牛；“键”是金属制作的坚固有力的关辖，固定 What does ‘健康’ mean? The best way to
understand this concept is to analyse the structure of the two characters to see how they are connected with one’s body, psychology and nature.
‘健’ has the same pronunciation as ‘建’ and the two characters share similar meaning. In the latter character, 廴(yin) means to extend and to connect; ‘聿’ means rule or law. Plus the component on the left ‘人’ meaning people, the three parts together in this character literally means: strong when ‘人’ (people), ‘廴’ (is connected) with the law of nature, and the implication is that people need to follow the law of nature to be strong and healthy. Most words with the component of ‘建’ have the meaning of strength, e.g. ‘腱’ means tendon, ‘腱子肉’ the strong muscles in the leg, 犍 ’ bull, and ‘键’ metal bond used to fix door or axle etc.
‘康’ means through, indicating going through smoothly in all directions. In ancient times in China, ‘道路’ is regarded as a one-way road, ‘歧’ is similar to two-way road, ‘衢’ refers to ‘cross’ with four directions, ‘康’ in five directions and ‘庄’ in six directions. The widely-used idiom of ‘康庄大道’means wide road in all directions. The character ‘康’ in the word of “健康” means going through smoothly, indicating that the ‘air’ or energy flows through all channels inside the body without any blockage.
The concept of ‘健康’ comes from the ‘气’ (qi/ energy) theory in TCM, which means that people will have sufficient air or energy if they follow the law of nature and in this way, the qi/energy will go through the channels inside body smoothly. If people have sufficient air/energy, but the channels are blocked and the qi/energy cannot go through, they tend to be bad-tempered, suffer from pain; while if all the channels are through, but lack of qi/energy, people will feel tired with little or no strength. Therefore, people cannot keep healthy without ‘健’ or ‘康’, as the two are interrelated. To know more about Traditional Chinese Medicine
门或者车轴，等等。 ‘康’ 的含义是五个方向的道路都通畅。古人命 名一路畅通为道路，一分为二有分岔叫做 ‘歧’ ；十字路口通达四个方向叫做衢；通达五个方向 就叫做康；通达六个方向叫做 ‘庄’。人们常说 的‘康庄大道’就是通达四面八方的道路。所以 ‘康’ 的含义就是畅通。人体内部的能量能够顺 畅地流动。 ‘健康’的理念源于中医的气血理论，也就是 说，顺应自然气足有力为健，气血经络通畅为 康。徒有气而经络不通者，人体会暴躁、疼痛、 气冲牛斗，血溢脉外。经络通畅而无气力者，就 象缺乏营养一样，难以维持健康。所以说 ‘健’ 与 ‘康’二者缺一不可。要想明白中国健康的概 念，请读下期专栏。 ...「西洋」では幾つかの宗教から反発を買い、 多くの作品が破棄される結果となりました。春 画には顔や手足が絶頂により捻れたり、性的興 奮時の男性、女性器を誇張した場面が存在しま した。そして性器は実際のサイズよりデフォル メされており、それらは日本の宗教における笑 劇崇拝の影響があると考えられます。 春画は18世紀に絶頂期を迎え,19世紀には明治 政府による西洋近代化の煽りを徐々に受け、衰 退期を迎えました。20世紀までには,春画の存在 は忘れられ、当時まだ作られていたものは主に 西洋向けのものでありました。西洋の印刷技術 や材料の影響により1850年代の春画には、以前 の繊細な日本春画の材料は使用されなくなり,春 画ならではの良さを消してしまいました。 春画展において多くの春画の材料の特徴につい て分析、観察できるようになった後,学生達は博 物館近くの喫茶店に行き、互いに感想や意見を 交換しました。主にどのようにして19世紀日本 において性的表現などが現されているか、どの ようにして当時性別,性交渉,身体が日本メディ アにより比べられ,表されたについて議論しまし た。春画は性交渉にふけるカップル(異性同性に 関わらず)を描写する一方、日本メディアは違っ た観点から性交渉について考察していました。 春画展は春画を春画たらしめ、学生自身が直接
楽しめるものでした。‘Shunga: sex and pleasure in Japanese art’ は本当に魅力的な展示会であ り、1月5日までロンドンの大英博物館にて、一
and health, please read my column in the next issue.
般公開されています。一見の価値がある展示会 です。
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Tokyo can be regarded as one of the jazz capitals of the world. There are so many musicians and venues, and the quality of live performances is quite good. For today’s young Japanese jazz musicians, it is not rare to study in America, especially at the world-famous Berklee College of Music. In turn, the world’s top-level musicians often come to Tokyo from New York.
For Japanese people who are not familiar with jazz, it might be associated with posh clubs in Aoyama or Ginza, where rich fashionable businessmen ship a glass of single-malt whisky. In spite of this sophisticated image, in Tokyo, jazz has been part of the tradition of radical culture generated through the post-war political turmoil. For students and intellectuals in post-war Japan, jazz was the symbol of freedom. The holy trinity for student activists in the 60s was Sartre (existentialism), Godard (French Nouvelle Vague), and Miles Davis (modern jazz). They identified their struggle with African-American civil rights movement.
Many artists, regardless of genre, were inspired by jazz. In Ecstasy of the Angels (1972), Koji Wakamatsu, an avant-garde film director, juxtaposed the live performance of a free-jazz pianist Yosuke Yamashita with the terrorist bombings of Tokyo by an anarchist group, attempting to capture the explosive impact of free jazz within the film. In the next year, Yamashita was featured in a video installation by Kiyoshi Awazu called ‘Burning Piano’, where Yamashita,
Tokyo, Free Jazz, Avant-Garde
東京、フリージャズ、アヴァンギャルド
by Masashi Hoshino
dressed in a fire suit, played a burning grand piano. Shuji Terayama, the leader of an avant-garde theatre troupe called Tenjo Sajiki, wrote his novel in the style of improvisation inspired by modern jazz. In this regard, it might be more true to say that jazz was a prevailing philosophy in the 1960s and 70s Japan, rather than a genre of music.
The power that Tokyo free jazz used to have has been dwindling, though the legacy of this period 東京は世界でもニューヨークに次いでジャズが 盛んな街と呼べるだろう。店の数もミュージシ ャンの数もとてつもなく多いし、演奏の質もか なり高い。現在では若手ジャズミュージシャン にとって、アメリカの名門バークリー音楽院に 留学することは全くめずらしいことではない し、ニューヨークの一流ミュージシャンも頻繁 に来日する。 あまりジャズに親しみのない日本人にとって は、ジャズというと、青山や銀座の高級クラブ でオシャレな金持ちがウイスキーを片手に嗜む 音楽というイメージがあるかもしれない。しか しこうした洗練されたイメージとは裏腹に、日 本のジャズの歴史には、戦後社会の動乱の中で 育まれたラディカルな文化の伝統が息づいて いる。 戦後の日本の学生や知識人にとって、ジャズ は自由の象徴だった。学生運動にのぞむ革命闘 士たちにとっての三種の神器といえば、サルト ル（実存主義）、ゴダール（ヌーヴェルヴァー
can still be discovered in today’s Tokyo. Along the Chuo-line, there are some venues which more or less maintain the atmosphere of these days. If you feel like exploring the radical Tokyo free-jazz tradition, I recommend you not a cocktail in a classy club in Aoyama, but a can of Sapporo beer in a seedy basement in Nishi-Ogikubo.
グ）、マイルス（モダン・ジャズ）だった。彼 らは、アメリカの黒人たちの公民権運動に、自 分たちの闘争を重ね合わせたのだ。 文学者や映画監督など、ジャンルを問わず多 くの芸術家がジャズを題材にした。アヴァンギ ャルドな作風で知られる映画監督の若松孝二 は、『天使の恍惚』(1972)の中で、フリージャ ズピアニストの山下洋輔トリオの演奏と東京の 街を爆破する革命軍の映像を並置し、フリージ ャズのもつ爆発的な力を作品に込めようとし た。山下は翌年、デザイナー粟津潔の映像作品 「ピアノ炎上」の中で、燃え盛るグランドピア ノを、防火服を着て演奏するというパフォーマ ンスを見せている。アングラ劇団「天井桟敷」 のリーダーとして有名な詩人の寺山修司は、小 説『あゝ、荒野』(1968)をモダンジャズの即興 演奏の手法で書いたと述べている。1960年代か ら70年代の日本文化において、ジャズは単なる 音楽ではなく、思想だったと言えるのかもしれ ない。 日本のフリージャズがもっていた活力は徐々 に弱まってしまったが、まだ完全には失われて いない。中央線沿線には、この時代の空気を伝 えるライブハウスがたくさんある。東京ジャズ のラディカルな伝統を肌で感じたいのなら、青 山の高級クラブでカクテルよりも、西荻窪の薄 汚れた地下室での缶ビールをおすすめする。 〔もし日本のジャズや文学、映画に興味があっ たら…おすすめ文献〕 ・マイク・モラスキー『戦後日本のジャズ文 化―映画・文学・アングラ』青土社、2005年。 （ジャズを切り口に、黒澤明から村上春樹ま で、日本の戦後文化を論じた研究書。サントリ ー学芸賞受賞。） ・筒井康隆『ジャズ小説』文春文庫、1996年。 （『時をかける少女』の原作者として有名なSF 作家による、ジャズをテーマにした短編小説 集。短いので日本語の勉強にも良いかもしれな い。）
1.Pollution
Beijing is not the only city that is seriously polluted, but it’s usually the only city that is reported on in the West. Almost every city in the North has toxic air, and the south isn’t much better. Winter is the worst time, as coal is burned to provide energy for the central heating. 除了北京以外，在别的城市空气污染也是一个很 大的问题。北京简直受到欧美介质所有的主焦 点。大概每一个北方城市的空气是致命的，在南 方情况仅仅好一点儿。冬天时候，因为为了暖和 中国政府烧煤，所以空气污染是最厉害的。 2.Climate
The south is generally considered warmer than the north, but temperatures still reach 30-40C in the north during the summer, and it can also get very cold in the south during winter. Also, only places north of the Qinling Mountain Range and Huaihe River are officially allowed central heating, which means some parts of the south can sometimes feel colder.
一般来说，南方比北方热，但是夏天时候，北方 温度能得到30-40度，还有冬天时候在南方天气能 很冷。再者说，在南方政府不让房子设置集中供 热，所以有时南方比北方觉得冷。
3.VPN
This will allow you to circumvent the ‘Great Firewall’ and allow you to access websites banned in China, such as Facebook, Twitter and Youtube. Make sure you install one before you go to China. The University of Manchester’s VPN is good, it can be a little slow at times, but it’s pretty reliable. VPN让你绕过“防火长城”为了上被和谐的网 站，比如脸书，推特，等等。你应该去中国以前 设置一个VPN。曼大的VPN是好的，有时能比较 慢的，但还是比较可靠的。
4.Dress Sizes
Chinese people are generally smaller than us Westerners. A Women’s UK size M is an XL in China. So if you aren’t skinny, you’ll have a hard time buying clothes from most Chinese stores/ markets. You can still buy clothes from Western brands, but they’re a lot more expensive, and even then larger sizes are harder to find. Luckily, asos.com provides free worldwide shipping, if the shops fail you!
一般来说，中国人比英国人瘦。在英国穿M 的人 在中国要穿 XL。于是，如果你的身体不瘦，在中 国商店，市场能找不到合适的衣服。你还能在西 方名牌店，但是价格更贵的，也能找不到比较大 的衣服尺寸。幸亏asos.com 提供免费全球发运！ 5. Confucius Institute Scholarship
The scholarship will cover the cost of your textbooks, give you a monthly allowance of 1400 yuan, covers university accommodation costs and organises cultural activities and excursions. It’s very useful to have, but it can also give you a headache. If you’ve already applied as an exchange student, receiving the scholarship changes your status to international student, which can cause confusion if the two
Can I survive without Facebook?
10 Things You Need to Know about Life in China
by Francesca Sablan
departments have not liaised with each other. Also, the accommodation provided will usually be shared, and the number of roommates and quality of facilities varies with each university. 受到这个奖学金的人不用买课本，宿舍时免费 的，每个月收取1400 元，还有能享受文化活动。 这个奖学金有用，但是也能让你头疼。 投考大学 以后，受到这个奖学金改变你的情况：你不再是 交换生，你成为留学生。于是，你来到大学的时 候能发现你的情况比较复杂的，因为这两校务部 可能没交谈。还有，你的宿舍不时单人房，在每 一个大学室友数量，生活设施不一样。 6. Bureaucracy
If you need help with a problem, be prepared for a lot of going back and forth, usually only to discover that your final destination is the place where you first went. When it comes to getting things done, it often helps to make sure the people in the office like you, or even better, their boss does - that really speeds up (and simplifies) the process. Above all, perseverance is key. 官僚主义 在试图解决一个问题的时候，你要提前做好精神 准备：可能被困住，来回往返，反反复复没有答 案，最终有回到起点的地方。为了很快得有结 果，一般来说，最好确定办公室人喜欢你，更 好，他们的老板喜欢你 – 这样能简化，加快过 程。至上，毅力是最重要的。 7. Haggling
If you don’t want to be ripped off at a market, you will have to haggle. Even if a vendor says they will give you a discount because “you speak Chinese so well,” you should still haggle: this is a pre-emptive offer that is usually still higher than what a local would pay. A good poker face is necessary – the more they know you want it, the more they’ll charge – don’t be afraid to pretend to walk away! The more touristy a place, the more they’ll charge, and the harder you’ll have to haggle – at the silk market in Beijing I usually managed to pay about a tenth of what they originally asked for!
如果你不想被宰了，你不得不讨价还价。即使小 贩给你折扣，说着“因为你的汉语很好”，你也 得讨价：这是一种先发制人的手段，通常价格还 太贵了。板脸是需要的 – 小贩越知道你要莫一 种东西，价格越贵- 别怕假装走了！在有很多旅 客的地方，东西更贵的，所以你应该加大力度的 讨价 – 在北京 秀水街，我平常付了索价一百十 分的钱！ 8. Food
Unless you go to Guangdong, the food will be very different from what you usually come across in the UK. Most of the Chinese food you eat will be specific to the region in which you are living. Western food can be found, but it is significantly more expensive than the local cuisine, and the fewer foreigners there are, the less varied it is. The street food is amazing, though.
除非你去广东省，经常食物才好像在英国能找到 的菜。大部分所有你吃的中餐是特有当地的菜， 每一省的菜并不一样。你能找到西餐，但是价格 比中餐规，还有，老外数量越少，不同种类越 少。反正，街上小摊儿卖的食品味道很好吃的。 9. KTV
Karaoke in China is much more fun than in the UK. Rooms are relatively cheap to hire, and it’s not too hard to sneak in your own cheap booze. Each KTV is different, but there is usually a large selection of English songs, and if you go on someone’s birthday you can usually get free shots and the birthday boy/girl gets a bowl of birthday noodles! Just don’t wander around too much or you might find yourself surrounded by men carousing with escorts, which can be awkward!
中国的卡拉OK 比英国的好多了。租方比较便 宜，还有夹带就比较容易。每一个KTV不一 样，但是一般来说，还能选择英语歌。如果是 某一人的生日，平常给你们免费的酒，给小寿 星寿面! 还有一个忠告：别偏离，否则，你能 遇到男生跟伴舞长夜，确实尴尬了！ 10. Being ‘exotic’
As a foreigner, particularly in smaller cities, you will be source of great curiosity. People will stare at you constantly, and some will ask to have their photo taken with you, while others might just try and take a sneaky snap of you as you go about your business. Cab drivers will ceaselessly ask questions as they drive you around, and many young people will ask to practise their English with you. People will offer you English-teaching jobs as you walk down the street, and on nights out, countless free drinks will be offered. All this seems strange at first, but after a while you get used to it, it just becomes amusing. 因为你是外国人，所以当地人对你很好奇，特 别是在比较小的城市。人们不停着凝视你，有 的想跟你拍照，有的能试图偷偷的拍照你起居 作息。出租车司机不停问你问题，年轻人想跟 你联系他们的英语，你逛街的时候，人们能献 出教英语工作。还有，在酒吧，夜店，什么 的，人们能卖给你无数的饮料。起初，这能看 起来很奇怪的，但是过一会儿，成为有趣的。
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Coming up in the
next issue:
The Traditional Chinese
Medicine on Health (2)
Tips on Life and Study in China
and Japan
If you would like to
submit an article for the
newsletter please contact:
andrew.cross-2@student.manchester.ac.uk
valeria.pieroni@student.manchester.ac.uk
images credited to:Front page beehive image: www.rcgroups.com/forums/ Front page Shunga:
www.seejapan.co.uk/jnto_trade/ news_detail/13-10-18/Shunga-Sex-and-Pleasure-in-Japanese-Art Shinto’s Past and Present: Gate: www.glogster.com/ cayla96/the-shinto-religion/g-6me0pomlaecsddugeekp9a0 Married couple: www. superstock.com/stock-photos-images/1848-101672 What the heck is Dansou!? Main photo: www.girlschannel.net/ topics/54857/
Singer: issue 1 of Kera Boku Could we import purikura to the UK? www.mysticthorn.blogspot. co.uk/2013/04/black-gold-meetup-with-charli.html China Blues www.nature.com/news/2011/110801/ full/news.2011.450.html
The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
www.theepochtimes.com/n2/ opinion/china-xinjiang-etnic-violence-incite-19439.html
Shunga: A trip to Japan’s floating world www.rocknlivres.forumculture.net/ t490-utamaro
Tokyo, Free Jazz, Avant-Garde www.thatpanic.com/2013/02/26/ yosuke-yamashita-and-his-burning-piano/
The Traditional Chinese Medicine on Health (1) wenku.baidu.com/ view/7be01a6db84ae45c3b358cff.html Manners in Japan www.digital-sense.co.jp/cc_new/ sub/03_2.html
