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Mesoscale eddies and its impacts on the spatial distribution of phytoplankton in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean

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南大洋インド洋セクターにおける中規模渦と植物プランクトン分布への影響

溝端浩平1、飯田高大2、茂木正人1

1東京海洋大学大学院海洋科学技術研究科

2北海道大学水産学部

Mesoscale eddies and its impacts on the spatial distribution of phytoplankton in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean

Kohei Mizobata1, Takahiro Iida2 and Masato Moteki2

1 Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and technology

2Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University

In the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, the response of the mesoscale eddy field to the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) has been documented (e.g., Meredith & Hogg, 2006). In the meantime, the satellite ocean color remote sensing has revealed mesoscale features of chlorophyll-a (chl-a)  concentration in this sector, indicating that eddies and frontal structure somehow contribute to maintain and/or enhance primary production. To elucidate the biogeochemical processes in relation to eddies, in- situ observations were made in the eddy field of the Australian-Antarctic Basin during TR/V Umitaka-maru KARE18 (Kaiyodai Antarctic Research Expedition 18th) cruise. Results showed that abundant subsurface chl-a maximum was identified at the center of the cyclonic eddy. Up-bowed isopycnals and high chl-a at the center of the cyclonic eddy are usually found in the oligotrophic ocean, while our study area is the HNLC region. Therefore, “the eddy-induced macronutrient supply” theory is rejected. Our results suggest that the eddy-induced iron-supply system will be important for the marine ecosystem in the Australian-Antarctic Basin (downstream region), while wind-induced upwelling primarily contributes to nutrient supply and following high primary production around the upstream region, i.e., the Kerguelen Plateau region (Gille et al., 2014).

南大洋のインド洋セクターでは、南極振動(SAM)に海洋の渦場が応答することが議論されてきた(例えば

Meredith & Hogg, 2006)。一方、衛星海色センサーによって同海域ではクロロフィル-a濃度分布に渦やフロント構

造が見出されることから、中規模現象が基礎生産の維持・強化に寄与していることが推察される。そこで渦にか かわる生物化学的過程を調べるため、東京海洋大学海鷹丸による KARE18 航海において、オーストラリア-南極 海盆の渦場で現場観測を実施した。その結果、貧栄養海域でみられる、低気圧性渦の中心での亜表層クロロフィ ル極大が観測された。しかしながら、低気圧性渦中心でのマクロ栄養塩供給が、HNLC海域である当該海域におい て植物プランクトン増殖に寄与するとは考えられない。(上流側では)ケルゲレン海台における風による湧昇に 伴う栄養塩供給とそれに続く基礎生産量の向上が示唆されているが(Gille et al., 2014)、(下流側の)オーストラリ ア−南極海盆では渦による鉄供給が基礎生産にとって重要なのではないかと考えられる。

References

Meredith, M. P., and A. M. Hogg, Circumpolar response of Southern Ocean eddy activity to a change in the Southern Annular Mode, Geophysical Research Letters 33 (16), L16608, doi:10.1029/2006GL026499, 2006.

Gille, S. T., M. M. Carranza, R. Cambra, and R. Morrow, Wind-induced upwelling in the Kerguelen Plateau region, Biogeosciences, 11, 6389–6400, 2014

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