ࣖࢾࢩ࣭ࣗࢥࣝࢳࣕࢵࢡⴭࠗᩍ⫱ࡢ▐㛫࠘
㈨ᩱ⤂㸸ሯᮏࠉᬛᏹࠉࠉሯᮏࠉᬛᏹ㸭㕥ᮌࠉள㔛 ඹヂ
ྡ ᐤ ᕷ ❧ Ꮫ ࠕ⣖ ࠉ せࠖ ➨㸰ᕳࠉᢤࠉๅ
㸰 㸮 㸮 㸶 ᖺ 㸱 ᭶
ሯᮏ ᬛᏹ
ᮏ㈨ᩱࡣ㸪ࢥࣝࢳࣕࢵࢡⴭࠗᩍ⫱ࡢ▐㛫࠘ 㸦1924ᖺ㸪࣡ࣝࢩࣕ࣡㸧㹙Janusz Korczak,Momenty wychowaw-
cze,Warszawa,1924㸦1919,wyd.Ϩ㸧㹛ࡢヂ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡣ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻㄒ∧ࢥࣝࢳࣕࢵࢡ㞟➨㸵ᕳ㸦Janusz Korczak Dziela 7,Warszawa,1993,s.362-426㸧ᡤࡢࡶࡢࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࠋ
ࣖࢾࢩ࣭ࣗࢥࣝࢳࣕࢵࢡ㸦1878-1942㸧ࡣ㸪1912ᖺࡽࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᑠඣ⛉㝔࡛ࡢࢆ㎡ࡋ࡚Ꮩඣ㝔ࡢ 㝔㛗ࡋ࡚㣴⫱άືධࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ㸰ᖺᩘࣨ᭶ᚋ㺂➨୍ḟୡ⏺ᡓࡀຨⓎࡋ㸪ࡧ㸦᪥㟢ᡓதḟ࠸࡛㸧
㌷་ࡋ࡚ྊ㞟ࡉࢀࡿࠋᏙඣ㝔ࡢ⟶⌮ࡣࢫࢸࣇࢽ㺃ࣦࣝࢳࣥࢫ࢝ࡀᘬࡁ⥅࠸ࡔࠋᡓᆅ࡛ᙼࡣ࢚࢟ࣇ㏆
㈨ᩱ⤂㸸ሯᮏᬛᏹࠉࠉࠉሯᮏᬛᏹ㸪㕥ᮌள㔛
㸯㸧ඹヂ
͆Moments for pedagogy͇by Janusz Korczak
Translated from the polish by Chihiro TSUKAMOTO and Ari SUZUKI with an introduction by Chihiro TSUKAMOTO
㸯㸧
㕥ᮌள㔛ࠉࣖࢠ࢙࢛࢘Ꮫ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻㄒ࣭ᩥ◊✲ᡤ㸦࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻᨻᗓዡᏛ㔠␃Ꮫ⏕㸧
This is part of an effort to translate the educational works of Janusz Korczak
㸦1878-1942㸧
into Japanese from the Polish.Moments for Pedagogy
㸦Momenty wychowawcze, other translations, ͆Educational Moments͇
,͆Moments in Upbringing㸧
is one of his most representative educational works, and one of his books written largely for the training of young educators in the 1910- 1920s*.This book is made up of 4chapters - I. Grade one, primary school, II. Primary-level classes at a girls' private school, III. Helcia, and IV. Untitled [Stefan]-
㸦2nd edit.1924; 1st edit. 1919, only chapters I-III㸧
. In these chapters are included the many important͆moments͇
for pedagogy that attracted Korczak.Declaring the need for͆diagnostic͇
pedagogy in this book, Korczak insisted on the significance of observing children's behaviors and identifying signs such as͆smiles, tears, and blushing͇
that are essential for diagnosis. The͆objects͇
of observation in these chapters are a grade-one pupil, a schoolgirl named Vwadzia, a kindergartner called Helcia, and Stefan, a war orphan. In all cases he observed͆humanity͇
and͆nature͇
in the object-child.For this translation, the following Polish text was used;
Janusz Korczak, Janusz Korczak dziela, t. 7, Warszawa, 1993. s.362-426.
* For more of Korczak's educational works for the training of young educators in the 1910-1920s
㸦Japanese translation㸧
, see also, Chihiro Tsukamoto,͆Dr. Korczak's teacher training; a message for young teachers - Selected excerpts from the works of
Janusz Korczak-͇, Bulletin of Nayoro City University, Vol.1, March 2007.ᮏ㑥ヂࡣ㸪ࣖࢾࢩ࣭ࣗࢥࣝࢳࣕࢵࢡ㸦1878㸫1942㸧ࡢᩍ⫱Ꮫసရࡢ୍ࡘࠗᩍ⫱ࡢ▐㛫࠘ 㸦1924ᖺ➨㸰∧㸪ึ∧1919 ᖺ㸧ࡢヂ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⊂❧࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡢⱝ࠸ᩍ⫱⪅ࡢ㣴ᡂࢆពᅗࡋ࡚⦅㞟ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪ᙼࡢᏊࡶ◊✲ࡢ୍➃ࡀ㸪Ꮚ
ࡶࠕほᐹࠖࡢෆᐜࡸ᪉ἲࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩍ⫱⪅ࡀࡑࡇ࡛ὀ┠ࡋ⇍⪃ࡍࡁᩍ⫱ⓗ࡞ᩘከࡃࡢࠕ▐㛫ࠖࡀ♧ࡉ
ࢀ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪་⪅ࡀデ᩿ࡢࠕೃࠖࢆࡳ࡚ࡿࡼ࠺㸪ᩍ⫱⪅ࡶࡑࡢᩍ⫱ⓗデ᩿ࡢࡓࡵࡢࠕೃࠖࢆぢฟࡍࡼ࠺ồࡵࡽ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏊࡶࡢほᐹࡣఱࡢࡓࡵ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡢ㸪ࡇࡢࡇࢆྫྷ࣭⪃ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᜦዲࡢ᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸ᩍ⫱ⓗデ᩿㸪ೃ㸪Ꮚࡶほᐹ㸪ே㛫㸪⮬↛
㑹ࡢ㌷ࡢ㔝ᡓ㝔ࡢᐊ㛗ࡋ࡚௵ົ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᡓ๓࣡ࣝࢩ࡛ࣕ࣡ࡍ࡛╔ᡭࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ
ࠗᏊࡶࢆ࠸ឡࡍࡿ࠘ࡢᇳ➹ࡢࡓࡵከࡃࡢ㛫ࢆ㈝ࡸࡋࡓ࠸ࢃࢀࡿࠋ
㸨㸨ࡇࡢᡓ୰ࡽ⤊ᡓ࠸ࡓࡿᮇ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢ㣴⫱࣭ᩍ⫱άືࡽࡃ㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᙼࡣ࣐ࣜ
࣭ࣟࢦࣇࢫ࢝-ࣇࣝࢫ࢝㸦⊂❧ᚋ࣡ࣝࢩ࡛ࣕ࣡Ꮩඣ㝔ࢆ⤒Ⴀࡍࡿ㸧ࡀ௦⾲ࢆົࡵࡿᐤᐟᏛᰯ❧ࡕᐤࡗࡓ
ࡾ㸦1915ᖺ㸧 㸪1917ᖺࡢࣟࢩ㌷ࡢゎᩓࡶ㸪ᮧⴠࡢᐙᒇࡸูⲮࢆ⏝ࡍࡿᙧ࡛࠶ࡕࡇࡕᩓࡽࡤࡗ࡚࠸
ࡓ࢘ࢡࣛࢼேඣ❺ࡢࡓࡵࡢ」ᩘࡢᩆ㈋タ࡛ࢆヨࡳࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࡣࡇࡢࢆ㞳ࢀ࡚㸪 ࠗᏊ
ࡶࢆ࠸ឡࡍࡿ࠘ࡢᇳ➹ἐ㢌ࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࡉࡽᙼࡀᖐᅜࡍࡿ๓ࡣ㸪▷ᮇ㛫㸪࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻேᏛᰯࡼࡗ࡚
㐠Ⴀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᗂ⛶ᅬ࡛ࡢ͆⮫ᗋᚰ⌮͇ࡢࢆᡭධࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤒㦂ࡶᚋ㏙ࡢసရࡢ࡞
⏕ࡁ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡢᮇࡢࢥࣝࢳࣕࢵࢡࡢࡸసရࡘ࠸࡚௨ୗࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋᣋⴭࠗᏊࡶࡢᶒ
ࡢᑛ㔜࠘Ꮚࡶࡢᮍ᮶♫㸪2004ᖺ㸪28-30p.
1918ᖺ㸴᭶㸪 ᙼࡣࡑࡢࠗᏊࡶࢆ࠸ឡࡍࡿ࠘ࡢཎ✏ࢆᦠ࠼㸪ᅜࡽゎᨺࡉࢀࡓ࣡ࣝࢩࣕ࣡ᡠ
ࡾ㸪⊂❧࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡢୗ࡛ࡧᏙඣ㝔࡛ࡢ㣴⫱άືࡶ≉Ṧᩍ⫱ࡢศ㔝࡛ࡢᏛ⏕ࡢᩍဨ㣴ᡂᩍ⫱ᦠࢃ
ࡿࡇࡶ࡞ࡿ㸦 ࠕᐤᐟᏛᰯࡢᩍ⫱Ꮫࠖࢆ㢟ࡋ࡚㸪㐜㐍ඣᩍ⫱ᅜ❧ᩍဨ㣴ᡂᡤ࡚ㅮ⩏㸪1919ᖺ㸧 ࠋࡇ࠺
࠸ࡗࡓࡶ㛵ࡗ࡚ᙼࡢ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞୍㐃ࡢᩍ⫱ᏛసရࠗᏊࡶࢆ࠸ឡࡍࡿ࠘ࡀ୍ᣲୡ⌧ࢀࡿࡇ
࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡎࡣ㸪 ࠗᏊࡶࢆ࠸ឡࡍࡿ㸪ᐙᗞࡢᏊࡶ࠘ 㸦1918㸧 㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࢀ⥆࠸࡚ᑐ㇟ࢆᗈࡆ 㸱ᕳࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࠗᏊࡶࡓࡕࢆ࠸ឡࡍࡿ࠘ 㸦1920㸧 㸦➨㸯ᕳࠉᐙᗞࡢᏊࡶ㸫➨㸰∧㸫㸪➨㸰ᕳࠉᐤᐟ Ꮫᰯ࣭ኟᮇࢥࣟࢽ࣮㸪➨㸱ᕳࠉᏙඣࡢᐙ㸧ࡀฟ∧ࡉࢀࡿ⮳ࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢྜ㛫ࢆࡠࡗ࡚1919ᖺฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡶࢥࣝࢳࣕࢵࢡࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱Ꮫⓗసရࡢࡦࡘ࡛
࠶ࡿࠗᩍ⫱ࡢ▐㛫࠘ 㸦ึ∧㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᑠᏊࡣ㸪 ࠗᏊࡶࢆ࠸ឡࡍࡿ࠘ࡢ㸰ᕳ௨㝆ࡢ᭩≀ྠᵝ㸪 ⱝ࠸ᩍ⫱⪅ࡢ㣴ᡂࢆពᅗࡋ࡚⦅㞟ࡋࡓ㸪ᙼࡢᏊࡶ◊✲ࡢᡂᯝ⤒㦂▱ࡀ㝶ᡤぢࡽࢀࡿᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶᭩ࡢ୍ࡘ
࡛࠶ࡗࡓ
㸨ࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪 ࠗᩍ⫱ࡢ▐㛫࠘ࡀࡢᐇ㊶᭩␗࡞ࡿࡢࡣ㸪ᙼࡀே⏕ࢆࡅ࡚ὀ┠ࡍࡿᏊࡶࡀࡇࡢస ရࡢ୰࡛ࠕほᐹࠖࡢᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚タᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸨1920ᖺ௦ࡢᙼࡢᩍဨ㣴ᡂ㛵ࢃࡿㄽᩥࡸసရࢆ⦅㞟ࡋ㈨ᩱ㞟ࢆసᡂࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୗࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋᣋ ヂࠕࢥࣝࢳࣕࢵࢡඛ⏕ࡢᩍ⫱⪅ᩍ⫱㸪ⱝ࠸ᩍဨࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࠖ㸪ࠗྡᐤᕷ❧Ꮫ⣖せ࠘➨㸯ᕳ㸪2007ᖺ㸱᭶
115-131㹮
㸬
ᮏ᭩ࠗᩍ⫱ࡢ▐㛫࠘ࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ⏫ࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢ୍ᖺ⏕ࡢᩍᐊࡢ࡞࡛ࡌࡗᗙࡿࡢࡀ⪏࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸Ꮚࡶࢆ
ࡣࡌࡵࡋ࡚㸦㸯❶㸧 㸪୰➼Ꮫᰯࡢୗ⣭Ꮫᖺ࡛࠼ࡤ㸪ᩍᖌ㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢥࣝࢳࣕࢵࢡ㸧ࡢ೫ぢ❧ࡕྥ࠺
ࣦ࣡ࢪࣕ㸦㸰❶㸧ࡀ㸪ࡲࡓᗂ⛶ᅬࡢᏊࡶྠኈࡢே㛫㛵ಀࡢ࡞࡛⏕άࡋᏛࡪ࣊ࣝࢳࣕ㸦㸱❶㸧ࡀ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚
ᩍ⫱⪅ࡓࡿࢥࣝࢳࣕࢵࢡࡢࡸࡾࡾࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᡂ㛗࣭ኚࡍࡿᡓ⅏Ꮩඣࡢࢫࢸࣇࣥ 㸦㸲❶㸧 ࡽࡀⓏሙࡍࡿ
㸨ࠋ 㸨 㸱❶ࡲ࡛ࡀ1919ᖺࡢึ∧㸪㸲❶ࡣ1924ᖺ➨㸰∧㏣ຍࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࢥࣝࢳࣕࢵࢡࡣ㸪ᮏ᭩࡛ఱࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚㸪ఱࢆほᐹࡋ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ⱝ࠸ᩍ⫱⪅ࡓࡕఱࢆ♧ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡢࠋ
ูࡢᶵ
㸨㏙ࡓࡀ㸪ᙼࡀࠕ་⪅࡛࠶ࡾࡘᩍ⫱⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠖࢆࡵࡊࡋࡓࡁ㸪ᙼࡢ┠ᫎࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ ᩍ⫱Ꮫࡢୡ⏺ࡣࡁࢃࡵ࡚ほᛕⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࠕྂ࠸⮫ᗋ་Ꮫࡢⴭసࢆㄞࡴࡁ㸪⚾ࡓࡕࡣ◊✲ࡢධᛕࡉ
Ẽ࡙ࡃࠋ࣭࣭࣭་⪅ࡣ୍᪥୰㸪ᝈ⪅ࡽ㞳ࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡸ㸪་Ꮫࡣ㝔ࢆᑡࡋࡗࡓࡽࡋࡋ࡚㸪◊
✲ᡴࡕ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡶࡼ࠸ᶒࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪ᩍ⫱Ꮫࡣ㝔ࡋ࡚ࡢᐤᐟᏛᰯࢆ㊴ࡧ㉺࠼࡚㸪୍Ẽ◊✲
άືࢆጞࡵ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ 㸦 ࠗᏊࡶࢆ࠸ឡࡍࡿ࠘ᐤᐟᏛᰯ⦅㸪82❶㸧 ࠋ᪥࡛࠸࠼ࡤ㸪⮫ᗋᩍ⫱Ꮫ ࡢḞዴ࠸࠺ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࢥࣝࢳࣕࢵࢡࡀఱࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚Ꮩඣ㝔࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᐤᐟᏛᰯࡢୡ⏺㣕ࡧ㎸ࢇࡔ ࡢ㸪ᮏ᭩ࠗᩍ⫱ࡢ▐㛫࠘ࡢᗎࡑࡢࡇࡀḟࡢࡼ࠺᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸨ᾏ㐨ᏊࡶᏛ⦅ࠗᏊࡶࣟࢪ࣮࠘2006ᖺ㸪Vol.10,31-34p.
ࠕ ་Ꮫࡢ୰᰾ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸪デ᩿㛵ࡍࡿ⛉Ꮫⓗ▱㆑࡛࠶ࡿࠋ་Ꮫ⏕ࡣࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢᝈ⪅ࢆデᐹࡋ㸪 ほᐹࡍࡿࡇ㸪ೃẼ࡙࠸࡚ࡑࢀࢆゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ㸪㛵㐃࡙ࡅࡿࡇ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡽࢆᇶデ᩿ࢆୗࡍࡇ
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ࡗ࡚ὀ┠ࡍࡁೃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋពࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ೃࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡽ࡚ࢆ࣓ࣔࡋ㸪ࡼࡃ⪃
࠼ࡓୖ࡛㸪ࡑࡢሙ㝈ࡾࡢࡶࡢࢆษࡾᤞ࡚㸪ఝࡓࡶࡢࢆ⧅ࡂྜࢃࡏ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ᪉ྥྥࡗ࡚࠸ࡃἲ๎ࢆ
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࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ
ࡾࢃࡅᐤᐟᏛᰯࡣ㸪ኪࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠕほᐹࠖࡋ࠺ࡿࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀࡲࡔࡃࠕ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖᏊࡶ㐩ࡀ࠸ࡿ㸪
࠸࠺ࡢࡀᙼࡢᏊࡶ◊✲ࡢฟⓎⅬ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡔࡀ㸪ᮏ᭩ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢほᐹࡢ⤖ᯝᇶ࡙ࡃ▱ぢࡢ✚ࢆࡶ
Ꮚࡶࡢ࠸ࢃࡤᩍ⫱ⓗデ᩿Ꮫࢆࡘࡃࡿ࠸࠺ᙼࡢࡵࡊࡍᩍ⫱Ꮫࡢ᪉ྥࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ලయⓗࡣ㸪ࡑࡢほᐹࡣᏊࡶࡢ࡞࠶ࡿࠕἲ๎ࠖࡢࠕ᥈✲ࠖࡢࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᩍ⫱⪅ࡀὀ┠ࡍࡁࡣ㸪 ࡑࡢἲ๎㐃࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࢁࡢ࠼ࡤ㸪ᚤ➗ࡳ࣭ᾦ࣭㉥ࡃᰁࡲࡗࡓ㢋࡞ࡢ㸦ࡉࡽࡣࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ⾲ࡸ
ឤ௨እࡢಶேࡸ㞟ᅋయࡢᵝࠎ࡞㸧 ࠕೃ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ඛࡢᘬ⏝࡛␎ࡋࡓ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑ ࡢほᐹࡢどⅬ࣭┠ⓗࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࢥࣝࢳࣕࢵࢡࡀࡵࡊࡍ᪤Ꮡࡢᩍ⫱Ꮫᑐࡍࡿᣮᡓ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ࠕᏊࡶ
ࡽࡢࠖᩍ⫱Ꮫ࠸ࢃࢀࡿࡇࢁࢆ᫂☜⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿゝࡗ࡚Ⰻ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࠕ ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡇ࡛ⅭࡉࢀࡿほᐹࡢどⅬ㸪ఱࡢࡓࡵࡢほᐹ࠸࠼ࡤ㸪Ꮚࡶᑐࡍࡿఱࡽࡢせồࡸ
௧ࡸ⚗Ṇࡢࡓࡵ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ
㸨㸪Ꮚࡶࡢ࡞⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿἲ๎ࡑࡗ࡚㸪㐣㊊ࢆ㸪Ꮚࡶࡀᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ
ࡶࡢࢆ▱ࡿࡃ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚࠼࠺ࡿࡶࡢࢆ▱ࡿࡓࡵほᐹ࣭デ᩿ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ
㸨࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻㄒ∧㞟ࡢ⦅⪅ࡢὀࡣࠕࢥࣝࢳࣕࢵࢡࡼࢀࡤ㸪ೃࡢ✚⌮ゎࢆጉᐖࡍࡿ㐨ᚨ⩏ࡀᩍ⫱Ꮫ
㔜ࡃࡢࡋࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠖ 㸦Janusz Korczak Dziela 7,Warszawa,1993,S.554.㸧࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Ꮚࡶࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ๓
㐨ᚨࢆㄝࡃᩍ⫱Ꮫࡀ❧ࡕࡣࡔࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ᮏ᭩ࡢᗎᩥ࡛㸪ୖグࡢࡼ࠺㸪ᩍ⫱ⓗデ᩿Ꮫࡢᵓࡑࢀࡢ㛵㐃࡛┠ᣦࡉࢀࡿほᐹࡢ┠ⓗࡸ᪉ἲࢆពẼ 㧗ࡃ᫂░♧ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣᑐ↷ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Ϩ❶௨㝆ࡢᮏᩥ♧ࡉࢀࡿᏊࡶ㐩ࡢᵝࠎࡢࠕ▐㛫ࠖ㛵ࡍࡿ
ࠕ࣓ࣔࠖࠕࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࠖ࠸࠺ᙧ࡛グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿほᐹグ㘓ࡣ㸪⋡┤࠸ࡗ࡚ㄞࡳ࡙ࡽ࠸ࠋࡲࡿ࡛ᘚゎࡢࡼ
࠺ࡔࡀᗎᩥ࡛ࡣ௨ୗࡢグ㍕ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕ ࡇࡢᑠᏊࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞◊✲ࢆ࠸㐍ࡵࡿࡁࢆ᭩࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪┠ࡢ๓࡛㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿࡇࢆゝⴥ࡛ᥥࡍࡿ㞴ࡋࡉࢆ♧ࡋࡓᩥ᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ⏕ᚐಶேࡢೃࡸ㞟ᅋయࡢೃ࡞㸪୍▐
ࡋ࡚ᚰࢆᘬࡁࡘࡅࡓ͆▐㛫͇ࡋ࡚Ẽ࡙ࡁ㸪グ᠈ṧࡗࡓࡇࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡣ㛫㐪࠸ࡶ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡀ㸪 ᐇࡾ㇏࡞ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡶྍ⬟ࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ♧ࡋࡓᩥ᭩࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ
㞧↛ࡋࡓᙼࡢࡢసᴗሙᣍࢀ㸪ヨ⾜㘒ㄗࡢࡋࡤࡽࡃࡘࡁ࠶ࢃࡉࢀࡿ࠸ࡗࡓឤࡀ࡞࠸࡛ࡶ
࡞࠸
㸨ࠋᮏᩥࡢ୰࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⏕ᑐࡋ࡚ᙜึពᅗࡋࡓࡇࡀࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸪୕❶㏵୰
ࡽグ㏙ࡢࢫࢱࣝࢆኚ࠼ࡿ࠸ࡗࡓࡇࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡀ㸪ᙼࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡇ㸪ࡘࡲࡾ⮬ศࡢヨ⾜㘒ㄗࡸኻ ᩋࡸ㛫㐪࠸ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ពࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓ㸦ᙼࡢ࠼ࡤࠗᏊࡶࢆ࠸ឡࡍࡿ࠘ࡢኟᮇ ࢥࣟࢽ࣮⦅ࡣࡲࡉࡑ࠺࠸࠺ᵓᡂࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㊶ᐙࡗ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ᡂຌࡋࡓࡢࡔࡅ࡛
࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࢀຎࡽࡎࡢࡼ࠺ኻᩋࢆࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪ᙼࡽࡢ㔜せ࡞㈈⏘ࡔ࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ࡀࢥࣝࢳࣕࢵࢡࡣ࠶ࡿࠋ
㸨ⱥㄒ∧ࡢࢥࣝࢳࣕࢵࢡ㑅㞟ࡢ⦅⪅ࡀᮏ᭩ࡘ࠸࡚ྠᵝࡢࡇࢆ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨ୗࢆぢࡼࠋSelected works of
Janusz Korczak. [Selected from Polish by Martin Wolins. Translated by Jerzy Bachrach], 1967.p.liv.
ᮏ᭩࡛ࢥࣝࢳࣕࢵࢡࡀࡾ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿಶࠎࡢᩍ⫱ⓗ࡞▐㛫㸦Momenty wychowawcze㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࡇ
࡛ࡦࡘࡦࡘࡾ࠶ࡆ࡚ゎㄝࡍࡿవ⿱ࡀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢࠕ▐㛫ࠖࢆ㈏࠸࡚ᙼࡀほᐹࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣ㸪ࡦࡇ࡛࠸࠼ࡤ㸪ᮏᩥ୰ࡢḟࡢ⾲⌧ࡢ࡞࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕ⚾ࡀ᪥㛫ほᐹࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪࣊ࣝࢳ࡛ࣕࡣ࡞ࡃ⮬↛ே㛫ࡢἲ๎࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ
ᙼࡣ㸪Ꮚࡶࡢ୰࠶ࡿࠕ⮬↛ࠖࠕே㛫ࠖࢆ᥈✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣ㸪ⱝࡁᏛ⏕௦ࡼࡾࡣࡌࡲࡗ࡚
ᙼࡢ⏕ᾭ࠾࠸୍࡚㈏ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ
㸨ࠋ
㸨ࡇࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2007ᖺ᪥ᮏᩍ⫱Ꮫࣛ࢘ࣥࢻࢸ࣮ࣈ࡚ࣝ㸪ࡑࡢᴫせࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓࠋᙼࡀᏛ⏕ࡢⱝ࠸㡭ㄞࢇ
ࡔ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺H.ࢫ࣌ࣥࢧ࣮ࡢࠗᩍ⫱ㄽ࠘ࡢᙳ㡪㸪ࡲࡓ㸪20ୡ⣖ධࡾḟ➨ᙉ࠸㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡕጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡓ᪂ᩍ⫱ᛮ
ࡢᙳ㡪࡞ࢆྫྷࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ୡ⣖㌿ᮇࡢ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡢṔྐⓗᅵተ࠾࠸࡚ᙼࡢࠕே㛫࣭ࠖࠕ⮬↛ࠖ᥈✲ࡢ
ᛮࡀ࠸ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡢ✏ࢆᨵࡵ࡚⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ
௨ୗ㸪⩻ヂࡣ㸪➨୍ḟ⩻ヂཎ✏ࢆ㕥ᮌࡀసᡂࡋࡇࢀࢆሯᮏࡀཷࡅྲྀࡾゞṇࢆຍ࠼㸪ࡉࡽ㕥ᮌࡀྫྷ࣭
⪃ࡋࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡸࡾࡾࢆᩘḟ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㸪ඹྠࡢ⩻ヂసᴗࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋึṌⓗ࡞ㄗࡾࡸᛮࢃࡠㄗヂࡶ࠶
ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ㄞ⪅ࡢࡈᣦ㸪ࡈᢈุࢆ࠾㢪࠸ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
Ϩ㸬་Ꮫࡢ୰᰾ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸪デ᩿㛵ࡍࡿ⛉Ꮫⓗ▱㆑࡛࠶ࡿࠋ་Ꮫ⏕ࡣࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢᝈ⪅ࢆデᐹࡋ㸪 ほᐹࡍࡿࡇ㸪ೃẼ࡙࠸࡚ࡑࢀࢆゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ㸪㛵㐃࡙ࡅࡿࡇ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡽࢆᇶデ᩿ࢆୗࡍࡇ
ࢆᏛࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ
ᩍ⫱Ꮫࡀ་Ꮫࡼࡗ࡚ษࡾ㛤ࢀࡓ㐨ࢆ㐍ࡴࡇࢆᮃࡴࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ೃࡢ⌮ゎࢆᣐࡾᡤࡍࡿᩍ⫱ࡢデ
᩿Ꮫࢆ☜❧ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
Ⓨ⇕࣭တ࣭࠾࠺ྤࡀ་ᖌࡗ࡚ὀ┠ࡍࡁೃ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺㸪ᚤ➗ࡳ࣭ᾦ࣭㉥ࡃᰁࡲࡗࡓ㢋ࡣᩍ⫱⪅
ࡗ࡚ὀ┠ࡍࡁೃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋពࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ೃࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡽ࡚ࢆ࣓ࣔࡋ㸪ࡼࡃ⪃࠼ࡓ
ୖ࡛㸪ࡑࡢሙ㝈ࡾࡢࡶࡢࢆษࡾᤞ࡚㸪ఝࡓࡶࡢࢆ⧅ࡂྜࢃࡏ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ᪉ྥྥࡗ࡚࠸ࡃἲ๎ࢆ᥈ồࡍ
ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᏊࡶఱࢆࡢࡼ࠺せồࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡸ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺௧㸪⚗Ṇࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ
ࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚㸪Ꮚࡶ㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ㸪㐣ᡤ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ㸪ᮃࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ
ࡶࡢ㸪࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢࡣ୍యఱࡔࢁ࠺㸪ࡑ࠺࠸࠺どⅬ࡛ぢࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࠋ ᏛᰯࡸᐤᐟᏛᰯ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ◊✲㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᩍ⫱ࡢデ⒪ᡤ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࠶ࡿ⏕ᚐࡣᩍᐊධࡗ࡚᮶ࡿ㸪㝮ࡽ㝮Ṍ࠸࡚ᅇࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏊࡶ㞧ㄯࡋ㸪㚝ࡀ࡞ࡿࡸࡗ
ࡢࡇ࡛ᖍྥ࠺ࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓูࡢ⏕ᚐࡣᩍᐊධࡗ࡚᮶ࡿࡍࡄᖍࡘࡁ㸪 ఇࡳ㛫ࡢ㛫ࡶࡑࡇࢆ㞳ࢀࡓࡀࡽ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᙼࡽࡣ୍య࠺࠸࠺ேࠎ࡛㸪Ꮫᰯࡣᙼ
ࡽఱࢆ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ࡲࡓࡑࡢ࠾㏉ࡋఱࢆᮃࡴࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ᩍᖌࡤࢀࡓ࠶ࡿ⏕ᚐࡣ㸪㢌ࢆୖࡆ㸪ຬࡲࡋࡃᚤ➗ࡳ㸪ຊᙉ࠸㊊ྲྀࡾ࡛႐ࢇ࡛๓ฟ࡚⾜ࡗ࡚㯮ᯈࢆᾘ ࡍ㸪ࢳ࣮ࣙࢡࢆᙉࡃᢲࡋࡘࡅ࡞ࡀࡽࡁ࡞Ꮠ࡛᭩ࡃࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ࡞ࡐࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ୍᪉ู࡛ࡢ⏕ᚐࡣ㸪ࢢࢬࢢ ࢬ❧ࡕୖࡀࡾ࡞ࡀࡽတᡶ࠸ࢆࡋ㸪ὒ᭹ࢆᩚ࠼㸪ᗋࢆࡌࡗぢࡘࡵ࡞ࡀࡽࡢࢁࡢࢁࡋࡓ㊊ྲྀࡾ࡛㯮ᯈ㏆
࡙ࡃ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ᣦᅗࡉࢀ࡚㯮ᯈࢆᾘࡍ㸪ᑠࡉ࡞ࡰࡸࡅࡓᏐ࡛᭩ࡃࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ࡞ࡐࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ఇࡳ㛫㸪୍␒ጞࡵ㣕ࡧฟࡍࡢࡣㄡ࡛㸪᭱ᚋฟ࡚⾜ࡃࡢࡣㄡࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᡭࢆୖ࠶ࡆ࡚㸪 ࠕ▱ࡗ࡚ࡿ
ࡼࠖ ࠕ࡛ࡁࡿࡼࠖ ࠕⓎ⾲ࡋࡓ࠸ࢇࡔࠖ࠸࠺ྜᅗࢆ㢖⦾ࡍࡿࡢࡣㄡ࡛㸪⁛ከࡋ࡞࠸ࡢࡣㄡ࡛㸪୍ᗘࡶࡋࡓ ࡇࡀ࡞࠸ࡢࡣㄡࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ᤵᴗ୰ࡢࢩ࣮ࣥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪୍␒ጞࡵ࠺ࡿࡉࡃࡋጞࡵࡿࡢࡣㄡ࡛㸪యࡀ࠺ࡿࡉ࠸ࡶ㯲ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࡣㄡࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡢሙᡤ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ୍࡚␒๓ࡶࡋࡃࡣ୍␒ᚋࢁࡢᖍ࠸ࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࡲࡓࡢ㐩࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚㞄ࡢᖍᗙࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿ㐩ࡢࡇࢁ࠸ࡓࡢࡣㄡࡔࢁ࠺㸦ࡲࡓ㸪࠺ࡋ࡚ࡔࢁ࠺㸧ࠋ⊂ࡾࡰࡗࡕ࡛㸪ே⤌࡛㸪ࡲࡓ㞟ᅋ࡛ᐙ
ᖐࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣㄡࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ㢖⦾㐩ࢆኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣㄡ࡛㸪ᛅᐇ࡞ࡢࡣㄡࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
࠶ࡿࡁࡇࢁ➗࠸ኌࡀ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ࡞ࡐࡔࢁ࠺㸽 ࡲࡓឤືࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡣࡎࡢ⤖፧ᢨ㟢ᐗࡀ㸪࠾⚍ࡾ
㦁ࡂ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡣ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡢࠋ᭱ึࡢ㸯㛫᭱ᚋࡢ㸯㛫ࡢ㛫㸪ࢡࣛࢫࡢᏊࡶ㐩ࡣఱᗘ࠶ࡃࡧ
ࢆࡋࡓࠋ⯆㛵ᚰࡢḞዴ㸪࠺ࡋ࡚ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ᮇᚅࡋࡓἲ๎㐪࠺࠸ࡗ࡚Ⴣࡎ㸪 ࠕ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠖ࠸࠺ᐈほⓗࡘ᥈ồⓗ࡞ၥ࠸ࡅࢆࡋࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ ၥ࠸࡞ࡋࡣ㸪⤒㦂ࢆ✚ࡴࡇࡶ㸪㐀ࡍࡿࡇࡶ㸪ࡁࡃ๓㐍ࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡞࠸ࡋ㸪▱㆑ࡶᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡇࡢᑠᏊࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞◊✲ࢆ࠸㐍ࡵࡿࡁࢆ᭩࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪┠ࡢ๓࡛㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
ࢆゝⴥ࡛ᥥࡍࡿ㞴ࡋࡉࢆ♧ࡋࡓᩥ᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ⏕ᚐಶேࡢೃࡸ㞟ᅋయࡢೃ࡞㸪୍▐ࡋ࡚ᚰࢆ
ᘬࡁࡘࡅࡓ͆▐㛫͇ࡋ࡚Ẽ࡙ࡁ㸪グ᠈ṧࡗࡓࡇࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡣ㛫㐪࠸ࡶ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡀ㸪ᐇࡾ㇏࡞
ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡶྍ⬟ࡔ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ♧ࡋࡓᩥ᭩࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ϩ㸬ࡼࡾඃࢀࡓᩍ⫱⪅ࡓࡕࡣほᐹグ㘓ࢆࡘࡅጞࡵࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺ࣀ࣮ࢺ᭩ࡅࡤ࠸࠸ࡢࢃࡽ
࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ࡍࡄᢞࡆฟࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ⮬ศࡢࢆグ㘓ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㅮ⩏ࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋ࠶ࡲ
ࡾࡶࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢࡇࢆ⮬ศ⮬㌟せồࡋ㐣ࡂࡓࡓࡵ㸪⮬ศࡢຊᑐࡍࡿಙ⏝ࢆኻࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ࠶ࡲࡾ
ࡶࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢࡇࢆほᐹ࣓ࣔồࡵ㐣ࡂ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢ౯್ᑐࡍࡿ☜ಙࢆኻࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋ
ሯᮏᬛᏹ㸪㕥ᮌள㔛ࠉඹヂ
࠶ࡿᏊࡶࡣ⚾ࢆ႐ࡤࡏ㸪ูࡢᏊࡶࡣᝒࡋࡲࡏ㸪ࡧࡗࡃࡾࡉࡏ㸪Ᏻࡉࡏ㸪ᛣࡽࡏ㸪࠺ࢇࡊࡾࡉࡏࡿࠋ
ࣀ࣮ࢺࡣఱࢆࡢࡼ࠺᭩ࡅࡤ࠸࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ほᐹグ㘓ࡢ᭩ࡁ᪉ࢆᩍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛㸪࣐ࢵࢺࣞࢫࡢୗࡢẁ࣮࣎ࣝ⟽ࡢ୰㞃ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿᮍ⇍࡞ほ ᐹ᪥グࡼࡾࡣ㐍Ṍࡋࡓࡀ㸪ྠࡋ࡚ㄞࡳྜࡗࡓࡾ㸪㆟ࡸ㞟࡛ウㄽࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞グ㘓ᩥ᭩ࡣ ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࠋㅮ⩏ࡸேࡢ⪃࠼ࢆ࣓ࣔࡍࡿࡇࡣ⩦ࡗࡓࡀ㸪⮬ศࡢពぢࢆ᭩ࡃࡇࡣ⩦ࢃ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡔࠋ
࠶࡞ࡓࡣࡲ࡛ࢇ࡞ⱞቃࡸࢇ࡞␒≬ࢃࡏྜࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࢇ࡞㛫㐪࠸ࢆ≢ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ
ࡢࡼ࠺ゞṇࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢇ࡞ᩋࢆࢃ࠸㸪ࢇ࡞ࢆ⚃ࡗࡓࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢኻᩋ
ࡽព㆑ⓗᏛࡧ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࢆࡢேࡓࡕࡢࡓࡵᙺ❧࡚࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ࠸ࠋ
Ϫ㸬ⱝ࠸࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ࠼ࢆ࠺ࡓࡵࡢே⏕ࡢ㛫ࢆ㸪࠶࡞ࡓࡣ࠸ࡗࡓ࠸ࡇ⨨ࡁᛀࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺
ࠋ⇕ࡣࡶ࠺㛗࠸㛫࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡀࡘ࡚࠶ࡗࡓ㸪ࡑࡢ⇕ࡣఱࡶ↷ࡽࡉࡎ㸪ఱࡶᙧ࡙ࡃࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ⤒㦂㸽ࡑࢀࡣఱࡽ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡣࡶ࠺㸪⤒㦂ࡣᏛၥࡢࡓࡵ࡛ࡶேࡢࡓࡵ
࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢࡓࡵ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡀࡸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
࠶࡞ࡓࡀ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ⢭⚄ࢆ㇏ࡍࡿࡓࡵാ࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸࡞ࡽࡤ㸪♽ᅜࡢࡓࡵࡶ㸪♫ࡢࡓࡵࡶ㸪ࡲ
ࡓᮍ᮶ࡢࡓࡵࡶാ࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ⮬ศࡀᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡋே࠼ࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡋ㸪⮬ศ
⮬㌟ࡢ⢭⚄ࡀⓎ㐩ࡍࡿࡇࡔࡅࡀ⮬ศࡢᡂ㛗ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡢࡔࠋ࣓ࣔࡢ୰ࡣ㸪ᡂ㛗ࡍࡿᯘࡸ✐≀⏿࡞ࡿ
✀ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪※Ἠࢆࡘࡃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ୍ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⚾ࡣࡑࢀࢆ⫧ࡸࡋ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕ㣗ࢆ࠼㸪Ỉࢆ㣧ࡲࡏ㸪 ႐ࡤࡏ㸪ⱞປࡽ㌟ࢆᏲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
࣓ࣔࢆࡿ࠸࠺సᴗࡣே⏕ࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠋ࣓ࣔࡣ࠶࡞ࡓࡀே⏕ࢆ↓㥏ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺
ࡇࡢఱ᯾ࡢド࡞ࡢࡔࠋே⏕ࡣ࠸ࡘࡶ୍㒊ศࡔࡅࡋ⮬⏤࡞ࡽࡎ㸪᩿∦ⓗࡋ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋⱝ࠸㡭ࢃࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡀ㸪ⓑ㧥㢌࡞ࡗ࡚ࢃࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀᘬࡁ᭰࠼ⱝ࠸㡭࠶ࡗ ࡓຊࡣࡶ࠺࡞࠸㸪࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ࠋ࣓ࣔࡣ㸪⮬ࡽࡢⰋᚰࢆ๓ࡋ࡚㸪 ࠕࡇ࠺ࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࡀࡉ
ከࡃࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡲࡓࡑࢀࡢࡇ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛㸪⮬ࡽࢆᘚㆤࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣓ࣔ㸸࣌ࣥࡀ࡞࠸͐ࠋ
ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ㸸࠺ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋᛀࢀࡓᏊࡶ㈚ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺㸪ᩍᖌࡣ࠸ࡃࡘணഛࡢ࣌ࣥࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿࡁ࡞ࡢࠋࡼࡃᛀࢀ≀ࢆࡍࡿࡢࡣㄡࠋ ࠕྩࡣ࠸ࡘࡶᛀࢀ≀ࢆࡍࡿࡡࠋ ࠖᙇࡋ࡚ゝࢃࡎ㸪ఱᅇᛀࢀࡓ
ࢆࣀ࣮ࢺグ㘓ࡍࡁࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᮅ㸯㛫┠ࡀጞࡲࡿ๓㸪 ࠕㄡఱᛀࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ ࠖ⪺ࡃࡁࠋ
࣓ࣔ㸸㹙 㸦⟬ᩘࡢ㸧ᤵᴗࡢ᭱ᚋࡢ15ศ㛫࠾ࡅࡿ㸳ศ㛫ࡢほᐹ㹛࣎ࣞࢵࢡࠋᡭ࡛࠶ࡈࢆࡇࡍࡿࠋ⪥ࢆࡘ
ࢇ࡛ᘬࡗᙇࡿࠋ㢌ࢆࡿࠋ❆ࡢእࢆ═ࡵࡿࠋ᳔Ꮚࡢୖ࡛㣕ࡧ㊴ࡡࡿࠋ⭎ࢆ⤌ࡴࠋ⭜ࢆᕥྑࡿࠋࣀ࣮ࢺ࡛
ᮘࡢᖜࢆ ࡿࠋࡲࡓᡭ࡛ࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺ ࡿࠋࣀ࣮ࢺࡢ➃ࢆᢡࡿࠋ᳔Ꮚࡢ➃⭜ࢆࡅࡿࠋ๓ࡀࡳ࡞ࡗ࡚
ᚸࡧᐤࡿࠋᡭࢆࡾᅇࡍࠋ᳔Ꮚࢆ࡞࡛ࡿࠋ㢌ࢆࡾᅇࡍࠋ❆ࡢእࢆ═ࡵࡿ㸦㞷ࡀ㝆ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࠋ∎ࢆჶࡴࠋ ᑼᡭࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࠋᡭ࡛⦅ୖ㠐ࡢ⣣ࢆᘬࡗᙇࡿࠋࣀ࣮ࢺ࡛ᡪࡄࠋᡭࢆ࣏ࢣࢵࢺ✺ࡗ㎸ࡴࠋఙࡧࢆࡍࡿࠋࡶ
ࡋࡑ࠺⭜ࢆືࡍࠋᡭࢆࡇࡍࡿ͐ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠕඛ⏕㸪ࡀ㯮ᯈࡢ᪉⾜ࡃࡼࠋ ࠖゝ࠺ࠋᩍᖌࡀࠕ᭩࠸࡚ࠋ ࠖ
ゝ࠺㸪࣎ࣞࢵࢡࡣ࣌ࣥࢆࡦࡗࡘࢇ࡛ࡑࢀࢆ✵୰࡛ࡾᅇࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࣥࢡ⎼ᜥࢆ྿ࡁࡅ࡚⃭ࡋ ࡃࢺࣥࢺࣥ྇࠸ࡓࠋᩘᅇ⭜ࢆ⃭ࡋࡃືࡋ࡚㸪ࠕඛ⏕㸪ࡰࡰࡰ͐࠺࠺࠺࠺࣮ࢇ㸪ࢲ࣓ࡔ㸟ࠖゝ࠺㸪 ᡭ࡛㢠ࢆ྇ࡁ㸪㣕ࡧ㊴ࡡࡿࠋḟᩍᖌࡀࠕ㊊ࡋ⟬ࡼࠋ332㸩332ࡣࠋ ࠖゝ࠺㸪ᙼࡣ࠶ࡗ࠸࠺㛫㊊ࡋ⟬
ࢆࡋ࡚࿘ࡾࢆぢΏࡋࡓࠋ ࠕࡸࡗࡓࡢ㸽ࠖ⪺ࢀࡿ㸪ᙼࡣᑠኌ࡛ࠕ࣮ࡐ㸦㢼㸧ࡢࡼ࠺ࡍ࣮ࡤࡸࡃ㸦⣲
᪩ࡃ㸧ࡸࡿ࣮ࠋ ࠖゝ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚⯉࡛㡢ࢆ㬆ࡽࡍ㸪ࡓࡵᜥࢆࡘ࠸ࡓࠋ
ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ㸸Ꮚࡶࡣࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚㌟ࢆᏲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋቑࡍࡿࡤࡾ࡛ࡣࡅཱྀࡢ࡞࠸࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆⓎᩓࡉࡏ
࡞ࡀࡽࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶᤵᴗࡢ㐍⾜ࢆ㑧㨱ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺⮬ศ㜚ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿࡇࢆࡋ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ᑜࡡࡓࡾ㸪ᝒ
ࡋࡳࢆ⾲⌧ࡋࡓࡾ㸪ᩥᡣල࠶ࡓࡗࡓࡾࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡘ࠸ࡣリⓗ࡞ẚ႘ࡲ࡛ࡗ࡚ࠕ࣮ࡐࡢࡼ࠺ࠖ↓
ព㆑ᚰࡢෆ㞃ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿເࡿᛮ࠸ࢆ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⤯࠼ࡎືࡁᅇࡿᏊࡶࡸ⯆ዧࡋࡸࡍ࠸Ꮚࡶࡢⱞࡋࡳࢆほᐹࡏࡼࠋ ᩍᖌࢆⱔ❧ࡓࡏ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ດࡵ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪
࠸ࡘࡶࡢ༙ศࡶࡋࡃࡣ㸲ศࡢ㸯ࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮࡛⾜ືࡋࡼ࠺㸪ࢀ㈼᫂ࡿ⯙ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࠋࡲࡓ ᩍᖌࠕⴠࡕࡘ࠸࡚ᗙࡾ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ ࠖὀពࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺㸪ࢀⱞປࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࠋࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡃ↓㛵 ᚰ࡛✵ⓗ࡞Ꮚࡶ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࢇ͆ᖾࡏ͇࡞ࡇࡔࢁ࠺㸟
࣓ࣔ㸸ࠕ㟼㸟ࠖ 㸪୍㛫ࡢ㛫ఱᗘ㸽 ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ㸸ࡇࢀࡣⰍࢇ࡞ሙྜࡀ࠶ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋ
㹟㸧 ࠕ㟼ࠖ࠸࠺ᩍᖌࡢྉࡧኌࡀవィ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽつᚊ㑂Ᏺࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤ㟼࡞ࡿ
ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦 ࠕㄞࡳ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠖ࠸࠺ᣦ♧ࠕࡆࢇࡇࡘࠖࡣྠࡌពࢆᣢࡘ㸧 ࠋ
㹠㸧 ࠕ㟼ࠖఱᗘ࡛ࡶ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍሙྜࡀ࠶ࡾ࠺ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ㟼࡞ࡿ࠸࠺☜ಙࡶ࡞࠸ࡋࡲࡓࡑࡢຠ
ᯝࡶ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡔࠋ
㹡㸧㦁ࡀࡋ࠸ࡇࢆ┠ࡳࡿሙྜࠋࡑࢀࡣࡑࡢⅬ࡛ᤵᴗࢆᨺᲠࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ 㹢㸧Ꮚࡶࡓࡕ⌮ゎࡋ࠶࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡑ࠺࡞ሙྜࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ࡞㟼ᐢ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗ࡞㟼ᐢࠋ
㟼ࡅࡉࢆ୰᩿ࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢࡣఱࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ㉁ၥࡸせồࡸὀពࡔࢁ࠺㸪ࡑࢀࡶồࡵ࡚࠸࡞࠸⟅࠼ࡸ➗࠸
ࡔࢁ࠺㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣ㞄ࡢᏊࡶࡢヰࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࠸ࡘ㸪ࡢ⛬ᗘ࡞ࡽ࠶࡞ࡓࡣ㦁ࡀࡋࡉࢆ┠ࡳࡿ
ࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋẼศḟ➨㸪ࡑࢀࡶ࠶࡞ࡓࡣࡑࡢ⛬ᗘࡢᇶ‽ࡀࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡶࡋࢃࡗ࡚
࠸ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡀ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡼ࠺ࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣓ࣔ㸸ࡶࡗࡶ⡆༢࡞㉁ၥᑐࡍࡿ㸪⮬ಙࡢ࡞࠸ᅇ⟅㸪㐲៖ࡀࡕ࡞ᅇ⟅ࠋ
ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ㸸ᩍᖌࡣ⏕ᚐࡢᅇ⟅ࡀṇࡋ࠸࡛ࡉ࠼ࡶ㸪ࡼࡃఱࢆࡅຍ࠼ࡿࠋ ࠕࡶࡗ㏿ࡃࠖ ࠕࡶࡗࡺࡗࡃ
ࡾࠖ ࠕࡶࡗࡁ࡞ኌ࡛ࠖ ࠕࡶ࠺୍ᗘࠖ ࠕࡼࢁࡋ࠸ࠖ ࠕ⥆ࡅ࡚ࠖ࡞࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ࠋ
⏕ᚐ㸸ࠕ㸱ࡢ⏨ࡢᏊࡀ࠸ࡓࠋ ࠖ
ᩍᖌ㸸ࠕ㸱ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ㸪㸱ேࡢࡔࡡ
㸯㸧ࠋ ࠖ
࠸ࡘࡶࡣ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪⏕ᚐࡣィ⟬㛫㐪࠸ࢆࡋࡓࡇࡸ㸪ゝ࠸㛫㐪࠸ࢆࡋࡓࡇẼ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚
㛫㐪ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ឤࡌࡸ㸪ᝏ࠸⟅࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ឤࡌࢆᢪ࠸࡚ࡶ࠸ࡿࠋ
ㄡࡀࠕ㢌ࡢ୰࠸࡚ࠖ⤯࠼ࡎࡘࡁࡲ࠸㑧㨱ࢆࡍࡿࡁࡣ㸪ࢇ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡶ⪏࠼㞴࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ▱ⓗ࡞ㄢ㢟
࡞ࡽࡃྍ⬟࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋ ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡀࡼࡃ࠶ࡿࠋ
ᩍᖌ㸸ࠕࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪ఱ࣏ࣥࢻṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ࠖ
⏕ᚐ㸸ࠕ㸳ࠋ ࠖ
ᩍᖌ㸸ࠕᩥ❶యࢆぢ࡚ࠋ ࠖ
⏕ᚐ㸦㛫㐪࠸ࢆぢᢤ࠸࡚㸧㸸ࠕ㸴ࡔࠋ ࠖ
ࡶࡋࡍࡿࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡣ㸪᭱ᚋࡲ࡛ࡸࡽࡏ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡽゞṇࡍࡁ࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡣ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ
࣓ࣔ㸸ࠕ㨱ዪࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠖᩍᖌࡀゝ࠺ࠋ 㸦ேࡋ࠸㸧ࢬࣅࢩ࢙ࢵࢡࡣࡌࡗࡃࡾ⪃࠼ࡓᚋ㸪ᑠኌ࡛࿓࠸
ࡓࠋ ࠕࡔࡅࡇࡢୡࡣ㨱ዪࡓࡕࡣ࠸ࡿࡼࠋ ࠖ
ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ㸸ᐙࡢᶒጾᏛᰯࡢᶒጾࡣఱ㢖⦾ᑐ❧ࡍࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺㸟 ேࡢᶒጾࡣ㸪ᑡࡋᖺ㛗ࡢ௰㛫ࡢ๓
࡛ࡣㆡṌࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤ࠶ࡿࠋ
࣓ࣔ㸸㸯㸪㸰㸪㸱㛫┠ࡢᤵᴗᚋࡢఇࡳ㛫ࡢ㦁ࡀࡋࡉࡣ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺ࡦࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡘ
ࡳྜ࠸ࡸཱྀㄽ㸪ᖹࡢᅇᩘࡣ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࢡࣛࢫࡢᚰ㓄ࡣࡢࡼ࠺ቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࢡࣛࢫ
యᑐࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢀ㸪≉ᐃࡢᏊࡶᑐࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢀ㸪⾜ືᑐࡍࡿὀពࡢᅇᩘࡣ࠺ࠋ
ὀ┠ࠋᏊࡶ㸪⭜ࡼࡾ⊃ࡃᒃᚰᆅࡢࡼࡃ࡞࠸ࡇࢁ㸲㛫ᗙࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࡌࡿࡇ㸪ࡇࢀࡣᒚ ࡁᚰᆅࡢࡼࡃ࡞࠸❓ᒅ࡞㠐ࢆᒚ࠸࡚ఱ㛫ࡶṌࡅࡌࡿࡢྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ᣝၥࡔࠋ
࣓ࣔ㸸ࠕࡕࡻࡗᚅࡗ࡚㸪ࡲࡔ᭩࠸࡚࡞࠸ࡢࠋ ࠖ⏕ᚐࡀゝ࠺㸪ᩍᖌࡣࠕࡶࡗ㏿ࡃ㸪ࡳࢇ࡞ᚅࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿࡽᛴࡂ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ ࠖゝ࠺ࠋ
ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ㸸ࠕࡶࡗ㏿ࡃࠖ ࠕࡔࡵ㸪ᛴࡂࡍࡂࠖ ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ゝࡗ࡚㸪ᩍᖌࡣࢡࣛࢫࢆ୍ࡘࡢỈ‽ᥞ࠼ࡼ࠺
ࡍࡿࠋࡋࡋṧᛕ㸟 Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡣ㸪ࠕࡶࡗ㏿ࡃࠖࡸࠕࡶࡗࡺࡗࡃࡾࠖ࠸࠺ᩍᖌࡢゝⴥࢆษࡾ㸪 つᚊࢆࡍࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ㦁ࡂฟࡍࡢࡔࠋ
࣓ࣔ㸸ᩍᖌࡀࠕ࠸ࡃࡘ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠖᑜࡡࡿࠋࡀ㸪ᑜࡡࡽࢀࡓ⏕ᚐࡣࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀࠕ48ࡔ
ࡼࠋ ࠖ㸪⟅࠼ࢆࡑࡗᩍ࠼ࡿࠋࡶ࠺୍ᗘᩍᖌࡀࠕ࠸ࡃࡘ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠋ ࠖᑜࡡࡿࠋࡋࡋᑜࡡࡽࢀࡓ⏕ᚐࡣ 㯲ࡗࡓࡲࡲ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ
ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ㸸㠀ᖖ⯆῝࠸ሙ㠃ࡔࠋࡶ࠺ࡍ࡛ពࡢ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ⟅࠼ࢆ㸪࠺ࡋ࡚ᩍᖌࡣせồࡍ
ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓ࡞ࡐ⏕ᚐࡣࡑࢀࢆᚭᗏࡋ࡚ᣄࡴࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡗᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡓ⟅࠼ࢆゝ࠸ࡓࡀࡽ࡞࠸
ࡢࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞⏕ᚐࡓࡕࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
࣓ࣔ㸸ᩍᖌࡀ㸪 ࠕࡇࢀࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᮏ࡛ࡍࠋ 㸦ᙧᐜモࢆ⏝࠸࡚⟅࠼ࡿࡇࢆせồࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧 ࠖᑜࡡࡿ㸪
⏕ᚐࡣࠕ⤮ࡀᥥ࠸࡚࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ⟅࠼ࡿࠋ ࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓሙྜ㸪ᩍᖌࡣ࠺ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
࣓ࣔ㸸ࡳࢇ࡞ࡣࡶ࠺⤮ࢆᥥࡁጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢲࢩࡣࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ‽ഛࢆ⤊࠼ࡿࠋ㚝ࡀ㬆ࡾ㸪ࡳࢇ࡞ࡣ⤮ࢆᥥࡃ ࡢࢆ⤊࠼ࡓࡀ㸪ᙼࡣࡑࡢసᴗࢆࡸࡵࡓࡀࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
࣓ࣔ㸸ࠕᥥ࠸ࡓ⤮ࢆぢࡏ࡚ࠋ ࠖᩍᖌࡀゝ࠺ࠋᏊࡶࡣᅔᝨࡋࡓ➗ࡳࢆᾋ㸪ࡄࡎࡄࡎࡋ࡚㸪⤮ࢆぢࡏ ࡓࡀࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ㸸Ꮚࡶࡀࢀ┿ᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㸪ࡲࡓࢀᙉࡃᥥࡇ࠺ษᮃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡾ㸪ᥥࡅ࡞ࡃ
࡚③ࠎࡋࡃⴠࡕ㎸ࢇࡔࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪࠸࠺ࡇẼ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࠕ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ᥥ࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ ࠖ
ࠕࡔࡗ࡚࢟ࣞࡔࡋ㸪ࡇࢇ࡞ࡩ࠺㢌ᛮ࠸ᾋࢇࡔࡢࠋ ࠖ
ࣖࢽࣥ࢝ࡣࡁࡃఙࡧࡓࢧ࣎ࢸࣥࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢺࢤࡣᑠ㫽ࡀࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕࡇࢀࡣఱ࡞ࠋ ࠖ
ࠕ⚾ࡓࡕࡢࡇࢁ㸦ᐤᐟᏛᰯ㸧ࡢ㸪࠶ࡿ㸦ዪࡢ㸧Ꮚࡀࡇࢇ࡞ࡩ࠺ᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡢࠋ ࠖ
࣓ࣔ㸸࣋ࣛࣥࢲഃᗙࡿᐮ࠸㸦㢼ࡀ྿࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㸧 ࠋ
ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ㸸ࡇࢀࡣᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢᤵᴗࡢ㞟୰ࡀࡑࢀࡿせᅉࡔࠋᩍᐊࡢ୰ࡀᐮࡃ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡀⷧ╔ࡢࡁ㸪
࠶ࡿᏊࡶࡣືࡎ୍ᐃࡢጼໃࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡌࡳ㸪ࡲࡓูࡢᏊࡶࡣᐮࡉࡽ㌟ࢆᏲࢁ࠺㸪ࡋࡻࡗࡕࡹ
࠺ጼໃࢆኚ࠼ࡿ㸦 ͆ືࡁᅇࡿ͇ࡢࡔ㸧 ࠋ
࣓ࣔ㸸ཱྀࡢ୰ࡢලྜࡀᝏ࠸ࡼ࠺࡛㸪ࡋࡻࡗࡕࡹ࠺ཱྀࢆືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡶࡋࡋࡓࡽṑࡀࢢࣛࢢࣛࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ㸸ࡇࢀࡶ㞟୰ࡀࡑࢀࡿせᅉࡔࠋ
࣓ࣔ㸸➹⟽㸪ࡑࢀࡣ⏕ᚐࡢᐆ⟽࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ㸸࣮࣎ࣝࡶேᙧࡶ☢▼ࡶ║㙾ࡶᏛᰯᣢࡗ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺㸪ᩍᖌࡣ๓ࡽᙉࡃゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࡋࡋ➹⟽ࡣᣢࡗ࡚᮶࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➹⟽ࡢ୰ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ≀ࡶࡲࡓ㸪Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡢᤵᴗࡢ 㞟୰ࢆࡑࡽࡍࠋࡋࡋ➹⟽࡛㐟ࡪࡽ㞟୰ࡀࡑࢀࡿࡢ㸪ࡑࢀࡶࡴࡋࢁ㞟୰ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡽ➹⟽࡛㐟ࡪࡢ
ࠋࡲࡓ㸪㐟ࢇ࡛ᜥᢤࡁࢆࡋ㸪ᤵᴗࡢෆᐜࡽእࢀࡓ࠸࠸࠺ḧᮃࢆ‶ࡓࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓᚋࡢ᪉ࡀࡼࡾ᪩ࡃⴠ ࡕ╔ࡁࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡍࡢࡔࢁ࠺㸪ࡑࢀࡶ㞟୰ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸≧ែࡀࡼࡾ㛗ࡃ⥆ࡃࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㏫㸪➹
⟽ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸪ఱࡶ⪃࠼࡞࠸࡛࣮࣎ࡗࡋࡓ≧ែࡼࡾ㛗ࡃ㝗ࡿ࡞ࢇ࡚࠸࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
㸰㸧
