⊥ヮｚヤャや
∠Ι∠ヱ
∇ノ͡らｚわ∠ゎ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠￢へ∠ヲ∇ワ∠ぺ
ゅｚヨ∠ハ
∠ポ∠￢べ∠ィ
∠リ͡ョ
あペ∠エ∇ャや
ｙモ⊥ム͡ャ
ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠ィ
∇ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ
⇔る∠ハ∇ゲ͡セ
⇔ゅイ⇒∠ヰ∇レ͡ョ∠ヱ
∇ヲ∠ャ∠ヱ
∠￢べ∠セ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∠ヤ∠バ∠イ∠ャ
∇ユ⊥ム
⇔るｚョ⊥ぺ
⇔り∠ギ͡ェ∠ヱ
リ͡ム⇒∠ャ∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ミ∠ヲ⊥ヤ∇ら∠Βあャ
ヴ͡プ
べ∠ョ
ユ⊥ム⇒∠ゎや∠￢
やヲ⊥ボ͡ら∠わ∇シゅ∠プ
͡れや∠ゲ∇Β∠ガャや
ヴ∠ャ͡ま
ぶや
∇ユ⊥ム⊥バ͡ィ∇ゲ∠ョ
⇔ゅバΒ͡ヨ∠ィ
ユ⊥ム⊥ゃあら∠レ⊥Β∠プ
ゅ∠ヨ͡よ
∇ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ
͡ヮΒ͡プ
∠ラヲ⊥ヘ͡ヤ∠わ∇ガ∠ゎ
-͡ラ∠ぺ∠ヱ
ユ⊥ム∇ェや
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠レ∇Β∠よ
べ∠ヨ͡よ
∠メ∠ゴル∠ぺ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∠Ι∠ヱ
∇ノ͡らｚわ∠ゎ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠￢へ∠ヲ∇ワ∠ぺ
∇ェや∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ワ∇ケ∠グ
ラ∠ぺ
∠ポヲ⊥レ͡わ∇ヘ∠Α
リ∠ハ
͡ヂ∇バ∠よ
べ∠ョ
∠メ∠ゴル∠ぺ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∠マ∇Β∠ャ͡ま
ラ͡み∠プ
∇や∇ヲｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ
∇ユ∠ヤ∇ハゅ∠プ
ゅ∠ヨｚル∠ぺ
⊥ギΑ͡ゲ⊥Α
⊥ヮｚヤャや
ラ∠ぺ
ユ⊥ヰ∠らΒ͡ダ⊥Α
͡ヂ∇バ∠ら͡よ
∇ユ͡ヰ͡よヲ⊥ル⊥ク
ｚラ͡ま∠ヱ
⇔やゲΒ͡ん∠ミ
∠リあョ
͡サゅｚレャや
∠ラヲ⊥ボ͡ジ⇒∠ヘ∠ャ
-∠ユ∇ム⊥エ∠プ∠ぺ
͡るｚΒ͡ヤ͡ヰ⇒∠イ∇ャや
∠ラヲ⊥ピ∇ら∠Α
∇リ∠ョ∠ヱ
⊥リ∠ジ∇ェ∠ぺ
͡ョ
∠リ
͡ヮｚヤャや
⇔ゅヨ∇ム⊥ェ
∃ュ∇ヲ∠ボあャ
∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ホヲ⊥Α
び
(48. And We have sent down t o you t he Book (t his Qur'an) in t rut h, confirming t he Script ure t hat came before it and Muhayminan over it (old Script ures). So j udge bet ween t hem by what Allah has revealed, and follow not t heir vain desires, diverging away from t he t rut h t hat has come t o you. To each among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way. If Allah willed, He would have made you one nat ion, but t hat (He) may t est you in what He has given you; so compet e in good deeds. The ret urn of you (all) is t o Allah; t hen He will inform you about t hat in which you used t o differ.) (49. And so j udge bet ween t hem by what Allah has revealed and follow not t heir vain desires, but beware of t hem lest t hey t urn you far away from some of t hat which Allah has sent down t o you. And if t hey t urn away, t hen know t hat Allah's will is t o punish t hem for some sins of t heirs. And t ruly, most men are rebellious. (50. Do t hey t hen seek t he j udgement of (t he days of) ignorance And who is bet t er in j udgement t han Allah for a people who have firm fait h.)
Praising the Qur'an; the Command to Refer to the Qur'an for
Judgment
Allah ment ioned t he Tawrah t hat He sent down t o His Prophet Musa, t he one whom He spoke direct ly t o, praising it , commanding t hat it should be implement ed, before it was abrogat ed. Allah t hen ment ioned t he Inj il, praised it and commanded it s people t o adhere t o it and follow it , as we st at ed. He next ment ioned t he Glorious Qur'an t hat He sent down t o His honorable servant and Messenger. Allah said,
ぴ
べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ∠ヱ
∠マ∇Β∠ャ͡ま
∠ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや
あペ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よ
び
(And We have sent down t o you t he Book in t rut h...) meaning, wit h t he t rut h t hat , no doubt , is coming from Allah,
ぴ
⇔ゅホあギ∠ダ⊥ョ
ゅ∠ヨあャ
∠リ∇Β∠よ
͡ヮ∇Α∠ギ∠Α
∠リ͡ョ
͡ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや
び
(confirming t he Script ure t hat came before it ) meaning, t he Divinely Revealed Books t hat praised t he Qur'an and ment ioned t hat it would be sent down from Allah t o His servant and Messenger Muhammad . The Qur'an was revealed as was foret old in t he previous Script ures. This fact increased fait h in t he previous Script ures for t he sincere who have knowledge of t hese Script ures, t hose who adhered t o Allah's commands and Laws and believed in His Messengers. Allah said,
ぴ
∇モ⊥ホ
∇やヲ⊥レ͡ョや∠￢
͡ヮ͡よ
∇ヱ∠ぺ
∠Ι
∇やヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ゎ
ｚラ͡ま
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ
∠ユ∇ヤ͡バ∇ャや
リ͡ョ
͡ヮ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ
や∠ク͡ま
ヴ∠ヤ∇わ⊥Α
∇ユ͡ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
∠ラヱぁゲ͡ガ∠Α
͡ラゅ∠ホ∇クｘΚ͡ャ
や⇔ギｚイ⊥シ
-∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボ∠Α∠ヱ
∠ラゅ∠エ∇ら⊥シ
べ∠レあよ∠ケ
ラ͡ま
∠ラゅ∠ミ
⊥ギ∇ハ∠ヱ
ゅ∠レあよ∠ケ
⇔Ιヲ⊥バ∇ヘ∠ヨ∠ャ
び
(Say: "Believe in it or do not believe (in it ). Verily, t hose who were given knowledge before it , when it is recit ed t o t hem, fall down on t heir faces in humble prost rat ion.'' And t hey say: "Glory be t o our Lord! Truly, t he promise of our Lord must be fulfilled.'') meaning t hat t hey say, t he promise of our Lord, concerning t he coming of Muhammad by t he words of His previous Messengers, will cert ainly be f ulfilled. Allah's st at ement ,
ぴ
⇔ゅレ͡ヨ∇Β∠ヰ⊥ョ∠ヱ
͡ヮ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
び
(and Muhayminan over it ) means ent rust ed over it , according t o Sufyan At h-Thawri who narrat ed it from Abu Ishaq from At -Tamimi from Ibn ` Abbas. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Muhaymin is, ` t he Trust wort hy'. Allah says t hat t he Qur'an is t rust wort hy over every Divine Book t hat preceded it .'' This was report ed from ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muj ahid, Muhammad bin Ka` b, ` At iyyah, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd. Ibn Jarir said, "The Qur'an is t rust wort hy over t he Books t hat preceded it . Therefore, what ever in t hese previous Books conforms t o t he Qur'an is t rue, and what ever disagrees wit h t he Qur'an is false.'' Al-Walibi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Muhayminan means, ` Wit ness'. Muj ahid, Qat adah and As-Suddi said t he same. Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Muhayminan means, ` dominant over t he previous Script ures'. These meanings are similar, as t he word Muhaymin includes t hem all. Consequent ly, t he Qur'an is t rust wort hy, a wit ness, and
Qur'an includes all t he good aspect s of previous Script ures and even more, which no previous Script ure ever cont ained. This is why Allah made it t rust wort hy, a wit ness and dominant over all Script ures. Allah promised t hat He will prot ect t he Qur'an and swore by His Most Honorable Self,
ぴ
ゅｚル͡ま
⊥リ∇エ∠ル
ゅ∠レ∇ャｚゴ∠ル
あグャや
∠ゲ∇ミ
ゅｚル͡ま∠ヱ
⊥ヮ∠ャ
∠ラヲ⊥ヌ͡ヘ⇒∠エ∠ャ
び
(Verily, We, it is We Who have sent down t he Dhikr and surely, We will guard it (from corrupt ion).) Allah said,
ぴ
ユ⊥ム∇ェゅ∠プ
ユ⊥ヰ∠レ∇Β∠よ
べ∠ヨ͡よ
∠メ∠ゴル∠ぺ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
び
(So j udge bet ween t hem by what Allah has revealed.) The Ayah commands: O Muhammad! Rule bet ween t he people, Arabs and non-Arabs, let t ered and unlet t ered, by what Allah has revealed t o you in t his Glorious Book and what it approves of for you from t he Law of t he previous Prophet s, as Ibn Jarir said. Ibn Abi Hat im report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Prophet had t he choice t o j udge bet ween t hem or t o t urn away from t hem and refer t hem t o t heir own Law. Then t his Ayah was revealed,
ぴ
͡ラ∠ぺ∠ヱ
ユ⊥ム∇ェや
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠レ∇Β∠よ
べ∠ヨ͡よ
∠メ∠ゴル∠ぺ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∠Ι∠ヱ
∇ノ͡らｚわ∠ゎ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠￢へ∠ヲ∇ワ∠ぺ
び
(So j udge bet ween t hem by what Allah has revealed, and follow not t heir vain desires. ..) and he was commanded t o j udge bet ween t hem by our Book.''. Allah's st at ement
ぴ
∠Ι∠ヱ
∠ゎ
∇ノ͡らｚわ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠￢へ∠ヲ∇ワ∠ぺ
び
(and follow not t heir vain desires...) This means t he ideas t hey promot e, because of which t hey t urned away from what Allah revealed t o His Messengers. This is why Allah said,
ぴ
∠Ι∠ヱ
∇ノ͡らｚわ∠ゎ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠￢へ∠ヲ∇ワ∠ぺ
ゅｚヨ∠ハ
∠ポ∠￢べ∠ィ
∠リ͡ョ
∇ャや
あペ∠エ
び
(And follow not t heir vain desires, diverging away from t he t rut h t hat has come t o you.) The Ayah commands: Do not diverge from t he t rut h t hat Allah has ordained for you, t o t he vain desires of t hese miserable, ignorant people. Allah's st at ement ,
ぴ
ｙモ⊥ム͡ャ
ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠ィ
∇ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ
⇔る∠ハ∇ゲ͡セ
⇔ゅイ⇒∠ヰ∇レ͡ョ∠ヱ
び
ぴ
ｙモ⊥ム͡ャ
ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠ィ
∇ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ
⇔る∠ハ∇ゲ͡セ
び
(To each among you, We have prescribed a law) Shir` at meaning, a clear pat h, as Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from Ibn ` Abbas.
ぴ
∇ヲ∠ャ∠ヱ
∠￢べ∠セ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∇ユ⊥ム∠ヤ∠バ∠イ∠ャ
⇔るｚョ⊥ぺ
⇔り∠ギ͡ェ∠ヱ
び
(If Allah willed, He would have made you one nat ion.) This is a general proclamat ion t o all nat ions informing t hem of Allah's might y abilit y. If Allah wills, He would make all mankind follow one religion and one Law, t hat would never be abrogat ed. Allah decided t hat every Prophet would have his own dist inct law t hat is lat er abrogat ed part ially or t ot ally wit h t he law of a lat t er Prophet . Lat er on, all previous laws were abrogat ed by t he Law t hat Allah sent wit h Muhammad , His servant and Messenger, whom Allah sent t o t he people of eart h as t he Final Prophet . Allah said,
ぴ
∇ヲ∠ャ∠ヱ
∠￢べ∠セ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∇ユ⊥ム∠ヤ∠バ∠イ∠ャ
⇔るｚョ⊥ぺ
⇔り∠ギ͡ェ∠ヱ
リ͡ム⇒∠ャ∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ミ∠ヲ⊥ヤ∇ら∠Βあャ
ヴ͡プ
べ∠ョ
ユ⊥ム⇒∠ゎや∠￢
び
(If Allah willed, He would have made you one nat ion, but t hat (He) may t est you in what He has given you.) This Ayah means, Allah has inst it ut ed different laws t o t est His servant s' obedience t o what He legislat es for t hem, t hus, He rewards or punishes t hem according t o t heir act ions and what t hey int end. ` Abdullah bin Kat hir said t hat t he Ayah,
ぴ
ヴ͡プ
べ∠ョ
ユ⊥ム⇒∠ゎや∠￢
び
(In what He has given you.) means, of t he Book. Next , Allah encouraged rushing t o perform good deeds,
ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ボ͡ら∠わ∇シゅ∠プ
͡れ∠ゲ∇Β∠ガ∇ャや
び
(so st rive as in a race in good deeds.) which are obedience t o Allah, following His Law t hat abrogat ed t he laws t hat came before it , and believing in His Book, t he Qur'an, which is t he Final Book t hat He revealed. Allah said next ,
ぴ
ヴ∠ャ͡ま
ぶや
∇ユ⊥ム⊥バ͡ィ∇ゲ∠ョ
び
ぴ
ユ⊥ム⊥ゃあら∠レ⊥Β∠プ
ゅ∠ヨ͡よ
∇ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ
͡ヮΒ͡プ
∠ラヲ⊥ヘ͡ヤ∠わ∇ガ∠ゎ
び
(t hen He will inform you about t hat in which you used t o differ.) Allah will inform you about t he t rut h in which you used t o differ and will reward t he sincere, as compensat ion for t heir sincerit y, and will punish t he disbelieving, rebellious people who rej ect ed t he t rut h and deviat ed from it t o ot her pat hs, wit hout proof or evidence t o j ust ify t heir act ions. Rat her, t hey have rej ect ed t he clear evidences, unequivocal proofs and est ablished signs. Ad-Dahhak said t hat ,
ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ボ͡ら∠わ∇シゅ∠プ
͡れ∠ゲ∇Β∠ガ∇ャや
び
(So st rive as in a race in good deeds.)is direct ed at t he Ummah of Muhammad , but t he first view is more apparent . Allah's st at ement ,
ぴ
͡ラ∠ぺ∠ヱ
ユ⊥ム∇ェや
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠レ∇Β∠よ
べ∠ヨ͡よ
∠メ∠ゴル∠ぺ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∠Ι∠ヱ
∇ノ͡らｚわ∠ゎ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠￢へ∠ヲ∇ワ∠ぺ
び
(And so j udge bet ween t hem by what Allah has revealed and follow not t heir vain desires,) emphasizes t his command and forbids ignoring it . Allah said next ,
ぴ
∇ユ⊥ワ∇ケ∠グ∇ェや∠ヱ
ラ∠ぺ
∠ポヲ⊥レ͡わ∇ヘ∠Α
リ∠ハ
͡ヂ∇バ∠よ
べ∠ョ
∠メ∠ゴル∠ぺ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∠マ∇Β∠ャ͡ま
び
(but beware of t hem lest t hey t urn you far away from some of t hat which Allah has sent down t o you. ) meaning; beware of t he Jews, your enemies, lest t hey dist ort t he t rut h for you in what t hey convey t o you. Therefore, do not be deceived by t hem, for t hey are liars, t reacherous and disbelievers.
ぴ
ラ͡み∠プ
∠ヲ∠ゎ
∇や∇ヲｚャ
び
(And if t hey t urn away,) from t he j udgement t hat you pass in t heir disput es, and t hey def y Allah's Law,
ぴ
∇ユ∠ヤ∇ハゅ∠プ
ゅ∠ヨｚル∠ぺ
⊥ギΑ͡ゲ⊥Α
⊥ヮｚヤャや
ラ∠ぺ
ユ⊥ヰ∠らΒ͡ダ⊥Α
͡ヂ∇バ∠ら͡よ
∇ユ͡ヰ͡よヲ⊥ル⊥ク
び
(t hen know t hat Allah's will is t o punish t hem for some sins of t heirs.) meaning, know t hat t his will occur according t o t he decree of Allah, and because out of His wisdom t hey have deviat ed from t he t rut h, and because of t heir previous sins.
ぴ
ｚラ͡ま∠ヱ
⇔やゲΒ͡ん∠ミ
∠リあョ
͡サゅｚレャや
∠ラヲ⊥ボ͡ジ⇒∠ヘ∠ャ
び
(And t ruly, most men are rebellious.) Therefore, t he maj orit y of humans are disobedient t o t heir Lord, defiant of t he t rut h and deviat e away from it . Allah said in ot her Ayat ,
ぴ
べ∠ョ∠ヱ
⊥ゲ∠ん∇ミ∠ぺ
͡サゅｚレャや
∇ヲ∠ャ∠ヱ
∠ろ∇タ∠ゲ∠ェ
∠リΒ͡レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ͡よ
び
(And most people will not believe even if you desire it eagerly,) and,
ぴ
ラ͡ま∠ヱ
∇ノ͡ト⊥ゎ
∠ゲ∠ん∇ミ∠ぺ
リ∠ョ
ヴ͡プ
͡チ∇ケｘΙや
∠ポヲぁヤ͡ツ⊥Α
リ∠ハ
͡モΒ͡ら∠シ
͡ヮｚヤャや
び
(And if you obey most of t hose on t he eart h t hey will mislead you far away from Allah's pat h.) Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Ka` b bin Asad, Ibn Saluba, ` Abdullah bin Surya and Shas bin Qays said t o each ot her, ` Let us go t o Muhammad t o t ry and misguide him from his religion.' So t hey went t o t he Prophet and said, ` O Muhammad! You know t hat we are t he scholars, noblemen and chiefs of t he Jews. If we follow you, t he Jews will follow suit and will not cont radict us. But , t here is enmit y bet ween us and some of our people, so we will refer t o you for j udgement in t his mat t er, and you should rule in our favor against t hem and we will believe in you.' The Messenger of Allah refused t he offer and Allah sent down t hese Ayat about t hem,
ぴ
͡ラ∠ぺ∠ヱ
ユ⊥ム∇ェや
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠レ∇Β∠よ
べ∠ヨ͡よ
∠メ∠ゴル∠ぺ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∠Ι∠ヱ
∇ノ͡らｚわ∠ゎ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠￢へ∠ヲ∇ワ∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥ワ∇ケ∠グ∇ェや∠ヱ
ラ∠ぺ
∠ポヲ⊥レ͡わ∇ヘ∠Α
リ∠ハ
͡ヂ∇バ∠よ
べ∠ョ
∠メ∠ゴル∠ぺ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∠マ∇Β∠ャ͡ま
び
(And so j udge bet ween t hem by what Allah has revealed and follow not t heir vain desires, but beware of t hem lest t hey t urn you far away from some of t hat which Allah has sent down t o you.) unt il,
ぴ
∃ュ∇ヲ∠ボ͡ャ
∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ホヲ⊥Α
(for a people who have firm fait h.)'' Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his Hadit h. Allah cont inues,
ぴ
∠ユ∇ム⊥エ∠プ∠ぺ
͡るｚΒ͡ヤ͡ヰ⇒∠イ∇ャや
∠ラヲ⊥ピ∇ら∠Α
∇リ∠ョ∠ヱ
⊥リ∠ジ∇ェ∠ぺ
∠リ͡ョ
͡ヮｚヤャや
⇔ゅヨ∇ム⊥ェ
∃ュ∇ヲ∠ボあャ
∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ホヲ⊥Α
び
(Do t hey t hen seek t he j udgement of (t he days of) ignorance And who is bet t er in j udgement t han Allah for a people who have firm fait h) Allah crit icizes t hose who ignore Allah's commandment s, which include every t ype of right eous good t hing and prohibit every t ype of evil, but t hey refer inst ead t o opinions, desires and cust oms t hat people t hemselves invent ed, all of which have no basis in Allah's religion. During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t he people used t o abide by t he misguidance and ignorance t hat t hey invent ed by sheer opinion and lust s. The Tat ar (Mongols) abided by t he law t hat t hey inherit ed from t heir king Genghis Khan who wrot e Al-Yasiq, for t hem. This book cont ains some rulings t hat were derived from various religions, such as Judaism, Christ ianit y and Islam. Many of t hese rulings were derived from his own opinion and desires. Lat er on, t hese rulings became t he followed law among his children, preferring t hem t o t he Law of t he Book of Allah and t he Sunnah of His Messenger . Therefore, whoever does t his, he is a disbeliever who deserves t o be fought against , unt il he revert s t o Allah's and His Messenger's decisions, so t hat no law, minor or maj or, is referred t o except by His Law. Allah said,
ぴ
∠ユ∇ム⊥エ∠プ∠ぺ
͡るｚΒ͡ヤ͡ヰ⇒∠イ∇ャや
∠ラヲ⊥ピ∇ら∠Α
び
(Do t hey t hen seek t he j udgement of (t he days of) ignorance) meaning, t hey desire and want t his and ignore Allah's j udgement ,
ぴ
∇リ∠ョ∠ヱ
⊥リ∠ジ∇ェ∠ぺ
∠リ͡ョ
͡ヮｚヤャや
⇔ゅヨ∇ム⊥ェ
∃ュ∇ヲ∠ボあャ
∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ホヲ⊥Α
び
(And who is bet t er in j udgement t han Allah for a people who have firm fait h) Who is more j ust in decision t han Allah for t hose who comprehend Allah's Law, believe in Him, who are cert ain t hat Allah is t he best among t hose who give decisions and t hat He is more merciful wit h His creat ion t han t he mot her wit h her own child Allah has perfect knowledge of everyt hing, is able t o do all t hings, and He is j ust in all mat t ers. Al-Hafiz Abu Al-Qasim At -Tabarani recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
»
⊥ヂ∠ピ∇よ∠ぺ
͡サゅｚレャや
ヴ∠ャ͡ま
͡ぶや
ｚゴ∠ハ
∩ｚモ∠ィ∠ヱ
∇リ∠ョ
ヶ͡ピ∠わ∇ら∠Α
ヶ͡プ
͡ュゅ∠ヤ∇シ͡み∇ャや
∠るｚレ⊥シ
∩͡るｚΒ͡ヤ͡ワゅ∠イ∇ャや
⊥ょ͡ャゅ∠デ∠ヱ
͡ュ∠キ
∃￢ン͡ゲ∇ョや
͡ゲ∇Β∠ピ͡よ
∠ペ∠ェ
∠ペΑ͡ゲ⊥Β͡ャ
ヮ∠ョ∠キ
«
(The most hat ed person t o Allah is t he Muslim who seeks t he ways of t he days of ignorance and he who seeks t o shed t he blood of a person wit hout j ust ificat ion.) Bukhari recorded Abu Al-Yaman narrat ing a similar Hadit h, wit h some addit ion.
ぴ
ゅ∠ヰぁΑ∠ほ⇒∠Α
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
∠Ι
∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガｚわ∠ゎ
∠キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや
ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダｚレャや∠ヱ
∠￢べ∠Β͡ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ツ∇バ∠よ
⊥￢べ∠Β͡ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ
∃ヂ∇バ∠よ
リ∠ョ∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ヰｚャ∠ヲ∠わ∠Α
∇ユ⊥ムレあョ
⊥ヮｚル͡み∠プ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レ͡ョ
ｚラ͡ま
∠ヮｚヤャや
∠Ι
ン͡ギ∇ヰ∠Α
∠ュ∇ヲ∠ボ∇ャや
∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや
-ン∠ゲ∠わ∠プ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
ヴ͡プ
ユ͡ヰ͡よヲ⊥ヤ⊥ホ
∀チ∠ゲｚョ
∠ラヲ⊥ハ͡ゲ⇒∠ジ⊥Α
∇ユ͡ヰΒ͡プ
∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボ∠Α
ヴ∠ゼ∇ガ∠ル
ラ∠ぺ
ゅ∠レ∠らΒ͡ダ⊥ゎ
∀り∠ゲ͡もへ∠キ
ヴ∠ジ∠バ∠プ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
ラ∠ぺ
∠ヴ͡ゎ∇ほ∠Α
͡ウ∇わ∠ヘ∇ャゅ͡よ
∠ぺ∇ヱ
∃ゲ∇ョ∠ぺ
∇リあョ
͡ロ͡ギレ͡ハ
∇やヲ⊥エ͡ら∇ダ⊥Β∠プ
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
べ∠ョ
∇やヱぁゲ∠シ∠ぺ
ヴ͡プ
∇ユ͡ヰ͡ジ⊥ヘル∠ぺ
∠リΒ͡ョ͡ギ⇒∠ル
-⊥メヲ⊥ボ∠Α∠ヱ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
͡￢Ι⊥ぽ⇒⊥ワ∠ぺ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ジ∇ホ∠ぺ
͡ヮｚヤャゅ͡よ
∠ギ∇ヰ∠ィ
∇ユ͡ヰ͡レ⇒∠ヨ∇Α∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥ヰｚル͡ま
∇ユ⊥ム∠バ∠ヨ∠ャ
∇ろ∠ト͡ら∠ェ
∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ヤ⇒∠ヨ∇ハ∠ぺ
∇やヲ⊥エ∠ら∇タ∠ほ∠プ
∠リΑ͡ゲ͡ジ⇒∠カ
び
(51. O you who believe! Do not t ake friends from t he Jews and t he Christ ians, as t hey are but friends of each ot her. And if any among you befriends t hem, t hen surely, he is one of t hem. Verily, Allah guides not t hose people who are t he wrongdoers.) (52. And you see t hose in whose heart s t here is a disease, t hey hurry t o t heir friendship, saying: "We fear lest some misfort une of a disast er may befall us. '' Perhaps Allah may bring a vict ory or a decision according t o His will. Then t hey will become regret ful for what t hey have been keeping as a secret in t hemselves.) (53. And t hose who believe will say: "Are t hese t he men who swore t heir st rongest oat hs by Allah t hat t hey were wit h you'' All t hat t hey did has been in vain, and t hey have become t he losers.)
The Prohibition of Taking the Jews, Christians and Enemies of Islam
as Friends
Allah forbids His believing servant s from having Jews and Christ ians as friends, because t hey are t he enemies of Islam and it s people, may Allah curse t hem. Allah t hen st at es t hat t hey are friends of each ot her and He gives a warning t hreat t o t hose who do t his,
ぴ
リ∠ョ∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ヰｚャ∠ヲ∠わ∠Α
∇ユ⊥ムレあョ
⊥ヮｚル͡み∠プ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レ͡ョ
び
(And if any among you befriends t hem, t hen surely he is one of t hem.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Umar ordered Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari t o send him on one sheet of balance t he count of what he t ook in and what he spent . Abu Musa t hen had a Christ ian scribe, and he was able t o comply wit h ` Umar's demand. ` Umar liked what he saw and exclaimed, "This scribe is proficient . Would you read in t he Masj id a let t er t hat came t o us from Ash-Sham'' Abu Musa said, ` He cannot .'' ` Umar said, "Is he not pure'' Abu Musa said, "No, but he is Christ ian.'' Abu Musa said, "So ` Umar admonished me and poked my t high (wit h his finger), saying, ` Drive him out (from Al-Madinah).' He t hen recit ed,
ぴ
ゅ∠ヰぁΑ∠ほ⇒∠Α
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
∠Ι
∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガｚわ∠ゎ
∠キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや
ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダｚレャや∠ヱ
∠￢べ∠Β͡ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ
び
(O you who believe! Take not t he Jews and t he Christ ians as friends...)'' Then he report ed t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Ut bah said, "Let one of you beware t hat he might be a Jew or a Christ ian, while unaware.'' The narrat or of t his st at ement said, "We t hought t hat he was referring t o t he Ayah,
ぴ
ゅ∠ヰぁΑ∠ほ⇒∠Α
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
∠Ι
∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガｚわ∠ゎ
∠キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや
ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダｚレャや∠ヱ
∠￢べ∠Β͡ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ
び
(O you who believe! Take not t he Jews and t he Christ ians as friends, )'' Allah said,
ぴ
ン∠ゲ∠わ∠プ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
ヴ͡プ
ユ͡ヰ͡よヲ⊥ヤ⊥ホ
∀チ∠ゲｚョ
び
(And you see t hose in whose heart s t here is a disease...) A disease of doubt , hesit at ion and hypocrisy.
ぴ
∠ラヲ⊥ハ͡ゲ⇒∠ジ⊥Α
͡ヰΒ͡プ
∇ユ
び
(t hey hurry t o t heir friendship,) meaning, t hey rush t o offer t hem t heir friendship and allegiances in secret and in public,
ぴ
∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボ∠Α
ヴ∠ゼ∇ガ∠ル
ラ∠ぺ
ゅ∠レ∠らΒ͡ダ⊥ゎ
∀り∠ゲ͡もへ∠キ
び
(saying: "We fear lest some misfort une of a disast er may befall us.") They t hus offer t his excuse for t heir friendship and allegiances t o t he disbelievers, saying t hat t hey fear t hat t he
disbelievers might defeat t he Muslims, so t hey want t o be in favor wit h t he Jews and Christ ians, t o use t his favor for t heir benefit in t hat event ualit y! Allah replied,
ぴ
ヴ∠ジ∠バ∠プ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
ラ∠ぺ
∠ヴ͡ゎ∇ほ∠Α
͡ウ∇わ∠ヘ∇ャゅ͡よ
び
(Perhaps Allah may bring a vict ory...) referring t o t he conquering of Makkah, according t o As-Suddi.
ぴ
∇ヱ∠ぺ
∃ゲ∇ョ∠ぺ
∇リあョ
͡ロ͡ギレ͡ハ
び
(or a decision according t o His will) requiring t he Jews and Christ ians t o pay t he Jizyah, as As-Suddi st at ed,
ぴ
∇やヲ⊥エ͡ら∇ダ⊥Β∠プ
び
(Then t hey will become) meaning, t he hypocrit es who gave t heir friendship t o t he Jews and Christ ians, will become,
ぴ
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
べ∠ョ
∇やヱぁゲ∠シ∠ぺ
ヴ͡プ
∇ユ͡ヰ͡ジ⊥ヘル∠ぺ
び
(for what t hey have been keeping as a secret in t hemselves) of allegiances,
ぴ
∠リΒ͡ョ͡ギ⇒∠ル
び
(regret ful,) for t heir friendship wit h t he Jews and Christ ians which did not benefit t hem or prot ect t hem from any harm. Rat her, it was not hing but harm, as Allah exposed t heir t rue realit y t o His fait hful servant s in t his life, alt hough t hey t ried t o conceal it . When t he signs t hat exposed t heir hypocrisy were compiled against t hem, t heir mat t er became clear t o Allah's fait hful servant s. So t he believers were amazed at t hese hypocrit es who pret ended t o be believers, swearing t o t heir fait hfulness, yet t heir claims were all lies and deceit . This is why Allah said, s
ぴ
⊥メヲ⊥ボ∠Α∠ヱ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
͡￢Ι⊥ぽ⇒⊥ワ∠ぺ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ジ∇ホ∠ぺ
͡ヮｚヤャゅ͡よ
∠ギ∇ヰ∠ィ
∇ユ͡ヰ͡レ⇒∠ヨ∇Α∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥ヰｚル͡ま
∇ユ⊥ム∠バ∠ヨ∠ャ
∇ろ∠ト͡ら∠ェ
∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ヤ⇒∠ヨ∇ハ∠ぺ
∇やヲ⊥エ∠ら∇タ∠ほ∠プ
∠リΑ͡ゲ͡ジ⇒∠カ
び
(And t hose who believe will say, "Are t hese t he men who swore t heir st rongest oat hs by Allah t hat t hey were wit h you'' All t hat t hey did has been in vain, and t hey have become t he losers.)
ぴ
ゅ∠ヰぁΑ∠ほΑ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
リ∠ョ
ｚギ∠ゎ∇ゲ∠Α
∇ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ
リ∠ハ
͡ヮ͡レΑ͡キ
∠フ∇ヲ∠ジ∠プ
ヴ͡ゎ∇ほ∠Α
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∃ュ∇ヲ∠ボ͡よ
∇ユ⊥ヰぁら͡エ⊥Α
⊥ヮ∠ルヲぁら͡エ⊥Α∠ヱ
∃るｚャ͡ク∠ぺ
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
͡レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや
∠リΒ
∃りｚゴ͡ハ∠ぺ
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
∠リΑ͡ゲ͡ヘ⇒∠ム∇ャや
∠ラヱ⊥ギ͡ヰ⇒∠イ⊥Α
ヴ͡プ
͡モΒ͡ら∠シ
͡ヮｚヤャや
∠Ι∠ヱ
∠ラヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガ∠Α
∠る∠ョ∇ヲ∠ャ
∃ユ͡もΙ
∠マ͡ャク
⊥モ∇ツ∠プ
͡ヮｚヤャや
͡ヮΒ͡ゎ∇ぽ⊥Α
リ∠ョ
⊥￢べ∠ゼ∠Α
⊥ヮｚヤャや∠ヱ
∀ノ͡シ∠ヱ
∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ
-ゅ∠ヨｚル͡ま
⊥ユ⊥ムぁΒ͡ャ∠ヱ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
⊥ヮ⊥ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∠ラヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボ⊥Α
∠りヲヤｚダャや
∠ラヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽ⊥Α∠ヱ
∠りヲ∠ミｚゴャや
∇ユ⊥ワ∠ヱ
∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ミや∠ケ
-リ∠ョ∠ヱ
ｚメ∠ヲ∠わ∠Α
∠ヮｚヤャや
⊥ヮ∠ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
ｚラ͡み∠プ
∠ゆ∇ゴ͡ェ
͡ヮｚヤャや
⊥ユ⊥ワ
∠ラヲ⊥ら͡ヤ⇒∠ピ∇ャや
び
(54. O you who believe! Whoever from among you t urns back from his religion (Islam), Allah will bring a people whom He will love and t hey will love Him; humble t owards t he believers, st ern t owards t he disbelievers, fight ing in t he way of Allah, and never fearing t he blame of t he blamers. That is t he grace of Allah which He best ows on whom He wills. And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Knower.) (55. Verily, your Prot ect or is Allah, His Messenger, and t he believers, t hose who perform t he Salah, and give Zakah, and t hey bow down.) (56. And whosoever t akes Allah, His Messenger, and t hose who have believed, as prot ect ors, t hen t he part y of Allah will be t he vict orious.)
Threatening to Replace the Believers With Another People if They
Revert from Islam
Allah emphasizes His might y abilit y and st at es t hat whoever revert s from support ing His religion and est ablishing His Law, t hen Allah will replace t hem wit h whomever is bet t er, might ier and more right eous in Allah's religion and Law. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,
ぴ
⊥￢へ∠ゲ∠ボ⊥ヘ∇ャや
ラ͡ま∠ヱ
∇や∇ヲｚャ∠ヲ∠わ∠ゎ
∇メ͡ギ∇ら∠わ∇ジ∠Α
⇔ゅョ∇ヲ∠ホ
∇ユ⊥ミ∠ゲ∇Β∠ビ
ｚユ⊥を
∠Ι
∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ム∠Α
び
(And if you t urn away, He will exchange you for some ot her people and t hey will not be your likes.) and,
ぴ
∇ユ∠ャ∠ぺ
∠ゲ∠ゎ
ｚラ∠ぺ
∠ヮｚヤャや
∠ペ∠ヤ∠カ
͡れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨｚジャや
∠チ∇ケ∠Εや∠ヱ
ゅ͡よ
あペエ∇ャ
ラ͡ま
∇ほ∠ゼ∠Α
∇ユ⊥ム∇ら͡ワ∇グ⊥Α
͡れ∇ほ∠Α∠ヱ
∃ペ∇ヤ∠ガ͡よ
∃ギΑ͡ギ∠ィ
-ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠マ͡ャ∠ク
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
͡ヮｚヤャや
∃ゴΑ͡ゴ∠バ͡よ
び
(Do you not see t hat Allah has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h wit h t rut h If He will, He can remove you and bring (in your place) a new creat ion! And for Allah t hat is not hard or difficult .) 14:19-20 . Verily t his is not difficult or hard on Allah. Allah said here,
ぴ
ゅ∠ヰぁΑ∠ほΑ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
リ∠ョ
ｚギ∠ゎ∇ゲ∠Α
∇ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ
リ∠ハ
͡ヮ͡レΑ͡キ
び
(O you who believe! Whoever from among you t urns back from his religion...) and t urns back from t he t rut h t o falsehood, from now unt il t he commencement of t he Last Hour. Allah said next ,
ぴ
∃るｚャ͡ク∠ぺ
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
∠リΒ͡レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや
∃りｚゴ͡ハ∠ぺ
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
∠リΑ͡ゲ͡ヘ⇒∠ム∇ャや
び
(humble t owards t he believers, st ern t owards t he disbelievers.) These are t he qualit ies of perfect believers, as t hey are humble wit h t heir believing brot hers and allies, st ern wit h t heir enemies and adversaries. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,
ぴ
∀ギｚヨ∠エぁョ
⊥メヲ⊥シｚケ
͡ヮｚヤャや
∠リΑ͡グｚャや∠ヱ
⊥ヮ∠バ∠ョ
⊥￢へｚギ͡セ∠ぺ
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ
͡ケゅｚヘ⊥ム∇ャや
⊥￢べ∠ヨ∠ェ⊥ケ
∠レ∇Β∠よ
∇ユ⊥ヰ
び
(Muhammad is t he Messenger of Allah. And t hose who are wit h him are severe against disbelievers, and merciful among t hemselves.) The Prophet is described as t he smiling fight er, smiling t o his allies and fight ing his enemies. Allah's st at ement ,
ぴ⊥Α
∠ラヱ⊥ギ͡ヰ⇒∠イ
ヴ͡プ
͡モΒ͡ら∠シ
͡ヮｚヤャや
∠Ι∠ヱ
∠ラヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガ∠Α
∠る∠ョ∇ヲ∠ャ
∃ユ͡もΙ
び
(Fight ing in t he way of Allah, and never fearing t he blame of t he blamers.) Not hing prevent s t hem from obeying Allah, est ablishing His Law, fight ing His enemies, enj oining right eousness and forbidding evil. Cert ainly, not hing prevent s t hem from t aking t his pat h, neit her someone who seeks t o hinder t hem, nor one who blames or chast ises t hem. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Dharr said, "My Khalil (int imat e friend, t he Messenger) has commanded me t o do seven deeds. He commanded me t o love t he poor and t o be close t o t hem. He commanded me t o look at t hose who are less t han me and not t hose who are above me. He commanded me t o keep t he relat ions of t he womb, even if t hey cut it . He commanded me not t o ask anyone for anyt hing, t o say t he t rut h even if it was bit t er, and t o not fear t he blame of anyone for t he sake of Allah. He commanded me t o oft en repeat , ` La hawla wa la quwwat a illa billah (There is no st rengt h or power except from Allah)', for t hese words are from a t reasure under t he Throne (of Allah).'' It is confirmed in t he Sahih;
»
ゅ∠ョ
ヶ͡ピ∠ら∇レ∠Α
͡リ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ∇ヤ͡ャ
∇ラ∠ぺ
ｚメ͡グ⊥Α
ヮ∠ジ∇ヘ∠ル
«
(The believer is not required t o humiliat e himself.) He was asked; "How does one humiliat e himself, O Messenger of Allah'' So he replied;
»
⊥モｚヨ∠エ∠わ∠Α
∠リ͡ョ
͡￢ゅ∠ヤ∠ら∇ャや
ゅ∠ョ
ゅ∠ャ
ペΒ͡ト⊥Α
«
(He t akes on t est s t hat he cannot bear.)
ぴ
∠マ͡ャク
⊥モ∇ツ∠プ
͡ヮｚヤャや
͡ヮΒ͡ゎ∇ぽ⊥Α
リ∠ョ
⊥￢べ∠ゼ∠Α
び
(That is t he grace of Allah which He best ows on whom He wills.) meaning, t hose who have t hese qualit ies, acquired it by Allah's bount y and favor and because He grant ed t hem t hese qualit ies.
ぴ
⊥ヮｚヤャや∠ヱ
∀ノ͡シ∠ヱ
∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ
び
(And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Knower,) His favor is ever ext ending, and He has perfect knowledge of t hose who deserve or do not deserve His favor and bount y. Allah's st at ement ,
ぴ
ゅ∠ヨｚル͡ま
⊥ムぁΒ͡ャ∠ヱ
⊥ユ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
⊥ヮ⊥ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
び
(Verily, your Prot ect or is Allah, His Messenger, and t he believers...) means, t he Jews are not your friends. Rat her, your allegiance is t o Allah, His Messenger and t he fait hful believers.
ぴ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
⊥ヨΒ͡ボ⊥Α
∠ラヲ
∠りヲヤｚダャや
∠ラヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽ⊥Α∠ヱ
∠りヲ∠ミｚゴャや
び
(t hose who perform t he Salah, and give t he Zakah...) referring t o t he believers who have t hese qualit ies and est ablish t he prayer, which is one of t he most import ant pillars of Islam, for it includes worshipping Allah alone wit hout part ners. They pay Zakah, which is t he right of t he creat ion and a t ype of help ext ended t o t he needy and t he poor. As for Allah's st at ement ,
ぴ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠ヱ
∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ミや∠ケ
び
(and t hey bow down,) some people t hought t hat t hey give t he Zakah while bowing down. If t his were t he case, t hen paying t he Zakah while bowing would be t he best form of giving Zakah. No scholar from whom religious rulings are t aken says t his, as much as we know. Therefore,
ぴ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠ヱ
∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ミや∠ケ
び
(and t hey bow down,) means, t hey at t end t he prayer in congregat ion in Allah's Masj ids and spend by way of charit y on t he various needs of Muslims. Allah said;
ぴ
リ∠ョ∠ヱ
ｚメ∠ヲ∠わ∠Α
∠ヮｚヤャや
⊥ヮ∠ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
ｚラ͡み∠プ
∠ゆ∇ゴ͡ェ
͡ヮｚヤャや
⊥ユ⊥ワ
∠ラヲ⊥ら͡ヤ⇒∠ピ∇ャや
び
(And whosoever t akes Allah, His Messenger, and t hose who have believed, as prot ect ors, t hen t he part y of Allah will be t he vict orious.) similarly Allah said;
ぴ
∠ょ∠わ∠ミ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
ｚリ∠ら͡ヤ∇ビ∂Ι
∇ゅ∠ル∠ぺ
ヴ͡ヤ⊥シ⊥ケ∠ヱ
ｚラ͡ま
∠ヮｚヤャや
ｘン͡ヲ∠ホ
∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ
-ｚΙ
⊥ギ͡イ∠ゎ
⇔ゅョ∇ヲ∠ホ
∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥Α
͡ヮｚヤャゅ͡よ
∇ャや∠ヱ
͡ュ∇ヲ∠Β
͡ゲ͡カｘΙや
∠ラヱぁキへ∠ヲ⊥Α
∇リ∠ョ
ｚキべ∠ェ
∠ヮｚヤャや
⊥ヮ∠ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ
∇ヲ∠ャ∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠￢べ∠よや∠￢
∇ヱ∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠￢べ∠レ∇よ∠ぺ
∇ヱ∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ル∠ヲ∇カ͡ま
∇ヱ∠ぺ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ゎ∠ゲΒ͡ゼ∠ハ
∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ⊥ぺ
∠ょ∠わ∠ミ
ヴ͡プ
⊥ユ͡ヰ͡よヲ⊥ヤ⊥ホ
∠リ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや
∇ユ⊥ワ∠ギｚΑ∠ぺ∠ヱ
∃ゥヱ⊥ゲ͡よ
⊥ヮ∇レあョ
∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ヤ͡カ∇ギ⊥Α∠ヱ
∃ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ
ン͡ゲ∇イ∠ゎ
͡ョ
リ
ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ
⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルｘΙや
∠リΑ͡ギ͡ヤ⇒∠カ
ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ
∠ヴ͡ッ∠ケ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レ∠ハ
∇やヲ⊥ッ∠ケ∠ヱ
⊥ヮ∇レ∠ハ
∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ⊥ぺ
⊥ゆ∇ゴ͡ェ
͡ヮｚヤャや
∠Ι∠ぺ
ｚラ͡ま
∠ゆ∇ゴ͡ェ
͡ヮｚヤャや
⊥ユ⊥ワ
∠ラヲ⊥エ͡ヤ∇ヘ⊥ヨ∇ャや
び
(Allah has decreed: "Verily, it is I and My Messengers who shall be t he vict orious.'' Verily, Allah is All-Powerful, Almight y. You will not find any people who believe in Allah and t he Last Day, making friendship wit h t hose who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even t hough t hey were t heir fat hers or t heir sons or t heir brot hers or t heir kindred (people). For such He has writ t en fait h in t heir heart s, and st rengt hened t hem wit h a Ruh (proof) from Himself. And He will admit t hem t o Gardens (Paradise) under which rivers flow t o dwell t herein (forever). Allah is pleased wit h t hem, and t hey wit h Him. They are t he part y of Allah. Verily, it is t he part y of Allah t hat will be t he successful.) Therefore, t hose who accept t he allegiance of Allah - His Messenger and t he fait hful believers - will gain success in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Hence Allah's st at ement here,
ぴ
リ∠ョ∠ヱ
ｚメ∠ヲ∠わ∠Α
∠ヮｚヤャや
⊥ヮ∠ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
ｚラ͡み∠プ
∠ゆ∇ゴ͡ェ
͡ヮｚヤャや
⊥ユ⊥ワ
∠ラヲ⊥ら͡ヤ⇒∠ピ∇ャや
び
(And whosoever t akes Allah, His Messenger, and t hose who have believed, as prot ect ors, t hen t he part y of Allah will be t he vict orious.)
ぴ
ゅ∠ヰぁΑ∠ほ⇒∠Α
や
∠リΑ͡グｚャ
∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
∠Ι
∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガｚわ∠ゎ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガｚゎや
∇ユ⊥ム∠レΑ͡キ
⇔やヱ⊥ゴ⊥ワ
⇔ゅら͡バ∠ャ∠ヱ
∠リあョ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ
∠ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや
リ͡ョ
∇ユ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ
∠ケゅｚヘ⊥ム∇ャや∠ヱ
∠￢べ∠Β͡ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ
∇やヲ⊥ボｚゎや∠ヱ
∠ヮｚヤャや
ラ͡ま
ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ
∠リΒ͡レ͡ョ∇ぽぁョ
-や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥わ∇Α∠ギ⇒∠ル
ヴ∠ャ͡ま
͡りヲ∠ヤｚダャや
ヱ⊥グ∠ガｚゎや
ゅ∠ワ
⇔やヱ⊥ゴ⊥ワ
⇔ゅら͡バ∠ャ∠ヱ
∠マ͡ャク
∇ユ⊥ヰｚル∠ほ͡よ
∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ
ｚΙ
∠ラヲ⊥ヤ͡ボ∇バ∠Α
び
(57. O you who believe! Do not t ake as friends t hose who t ake your religion for a mockery and fun from t hose who received t he Script ures before you, and (nor) t he disbelievers; and have Taqwa of Allah if you indeed are t rue believers. ) (58. And when you proclaim t he call for t he Salah, t hey t ake it (but ) as a mockery and fun; t hat is because t hey are a people who underst and not .)
The Prohibition of Being Loyal Friends with Disbelievers
This Ayah discourages and forbids t aking t he enemies of Islam and it s people, such as t he People of t he Book and t he polyt heist s, as friends. These disbelievers mock t he most import ant act s t hat any person could ever perform, t he honorable, pure act s of Islam which include all t ypes of good for t his life and t he Hereaft er. They mock such act s and make t hem t he subj ect of j est and play, because t his is what t hese act s represent in t heir misguided minds and cold heart s. Allah said;
ぴ
∠リあョ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ
͡ム∇ャや
∠ょ⇒∠わ
リ͡ョ
∇ユ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ
∠ケゅｚヘ⊥ム∇ャや∠ヱ
び
(from t hose who received t he Script ures before you and (nor) t he disbelievers...) This is t o clarify t he part icular cat egory (of disbelievers). As Allah said,
ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ら͡レ∠わ∇ィゅ∠プ
∠ザ∇ィあゲャや
∠リ͡ョ
͡リ⇒∠を∇ヱｘΙや
び
(So shun t he evil of t he idols...) 22:30 So some recit ed it "Kuffari'', making it an obj ect of t he preposit ion, and ot hers recit ed it "Kuffara'', making it a predicat e noun;
ぴ
∠Ι
∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガｚわ∠ゎ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガｚゎや
∇ユ⊥ム∠レΑ͡キ
⇔やヱ⊥ゴ⊥ワ
⇔ゅら͡バ∠ャ∠ヱ
∠リあョ
∠リΑ͡グｚャや
∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ
∠ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや
リ͡ョ
∇ユ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ
び
(Take not as friends t hose who t ake your religion for a mockery and fun from t hose who received t he Script ures before you...) wit h t he meaning of "nor'',
ぴ
∠ケゅｚヘ⊥ム∇ャや∠ヱ
∠￢べ∠Β͡ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ
び
(nor t he disbelievers as friends) That is, do not t ake t hese people nor t hose people as friends. The meaning here of "Kuffar'' disbelievers is idolat ors. Similarly, Ibn Jarir recorded t hat in t he recit at ion of Ibn Mas` ud in place of "Kuffar'' he recit ed it : "and t hose who commit Shirk. Allah's st at ement ,
ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ボｚゎや∠ヱ
∠ヮｚヤャや
ラ͡ま
ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ
∠リΒ͡レ͡ョ∇ぽぁョ
び
(And have Taqwa of Allah if you indeed are t rue believers.) means, fear Allah and do not t ake t he enemies of you and your religion as friends, if you believe in Allah's Law and religion t hat t hese people mocked and j est ed about . Allah said in anot her Ayah,
ぴ
ｚΙ
͡グ͡ガｚわ∠Α
∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや
∠リΑ͡ゲ͡ヘ⇒∠ム∇ャや
∠￢べ∠Β͡ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ
リ͡ョ
͡ラヱ⊥キ
∠リΒ͡レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや
リ∠ョ∠ヱ
∇モ∠バ∇ヘ∠Α
∠マ͡ャ∠ク
∠ザ∇Β∠ヤ∠プ
∠リ͡ョ
͡ヮｚヤャや
ヶ͡プ
∃￢∇ヴ∠セ
∠Ι͡ま
ラ∠ぺ
∇やヲ⊥ボｚわ∠ゎ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レ͡ョ
⇔る⇒∠ボ⊥ゎ
⊥ユ⊥ミ∇ケあグ∠エ⊥Α∠ヱ
ｚヤャや
⊥ヮ
⊥ヮ∠ジ∇ヘ∠ル
ヴ∠ャ͡ま∠ヱ
͡ヮｚヤャや
⊥ゲΒ͡ダ∠ヨ∇ャや
び
(Let not t he believers t ake t he disbelievers as friends inst ead of t he believers, and whoever does t hat , will never be helped by Allah in any way, except if you indeed fear a danger from t hem. And Allah warns you against Himself, and t o Allah is t he final ret urn.)
The Disbelievers Mock the Prayer and the Adhan
Allah said,
ぴ
や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥わ∇Α∠ギ⇒∠ル
ヴ∠ャ͡ま
͡りヲ∠ヤｚダャや
ゅ∠ワヱ⊥グ∠ガｚゎや
⇔やヱ⊥ゴ⊥ワ
⇔ゅら͡バ∠ャ∠ヱ
び
(And when you proclaim t he call for t he Salah, t hey t ake it (but ) as a mockery and fun;) When you proclaim t he Adhan for t he prayer, which is t he best act ion t here is, for t hose who have sound minds and good comprehension,
ぴ
ゅ∠ワヱ⊥グ∠ガｚゎや
び
(t hey t ake it ...) also,
ぴ
⇔やヱ⊥ゴ⊥ワ
⇔ゅら͡バ∠ャ∠ヱ
∠マ͡ャク
∇ユ⊥ヰｚル∠ほ͡よ
∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ
ｚΙ
∠ラヲ⊥ヤ͡ボ∇バ∠Α
び
(as a mockery and fun; t hat is because t hey are a people who underst and not .) t he act s of worship and Allah's Law. These are t he charact erist ics of t he followers of Shayt an who,
»
や∠ク͡ま
∠ノ͡ヨ∠シ
∠ラや∠ク∠ほ∇ャや
∠ゲ∠よ∇キ∠ぺ
⊥ヮ∠ャ∠ヱ
∩∀ソゅ∠ダ⊥ェ
∇ヵ∠ぺ
∩∀ヅや∠ゲ⊥ッ
ヴｚわ∠ェ
ゅ∠ャ
∠Α
∠ノ∠ヨ∇ジ
∠リΑ͡ク∇ほｚわャや
や∠ク͡み∠プ
∠ヶ͡ツ⊥ホ
∩⊥リΑ͡ク∇ほｚわャや
∠モ∠ら∇ホ∠ぺ
や∠ク͡み∠プ
∠ゆあヲ⊥を
͡りゅ∠ヤｚダヤ͡ャ
∩∠ゲ∠よ∇キ∠ぺ
や∠ク͡み∠プ
∠ヶ͡ツ⊥ホ
⊥ょΑ͡ヲ∇んｚわャや
∠モ∠ら∇ホ∠ぺ
ヴｚわ∠ェ
∠ゲ⊥ト∇ガ∠Α
∠リ∇Β∠よ
͡￢∇ゲ∠ヨ∇ャや
∩͡ヮ͡ら∇ヤ∠ホ∠ヱ
⊥メヲ⊥ボ∠Β∠プ
:
∇ゲ⊥ミ∇クや
や∠グ∠ミ
∇ゲ⊥ミ∇クや
∩や∠グ∠ミ
ゅ∠ヨ͡ャ
∇ユ∠ャ
∇リ⊥ム∠Α
⊥ゲ⊥ミ∇グ∠Α
ヴｚわ∠ェ
∠ヌ∠Α
ｚモ
⊥モ⊥ィｚゲャや
ゅ∠ャ
ヵ͡ケ∇ギ∠Α
∇ユ∠ミ
∩ヴｚヤ∠タ
や∠ク͡み∠プ
∠ギ∠ィ∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ミ⊥ギ∠ェ∠ぺ
∩∠マ͡ャク
∇ギ⊥イ∇ジ∠Β∇ヤ∠プ
͡リ∇Β∠ゎ∠ギ∇イ∠シ
∠モ∇ら∠ホ
ュゅ∠ヤｚジャや
«
(When t he call for prayer is made, Shayt an t akes t o his heels passing wind so t hat he may not hear t he Adhan. When t he call is finished he comes back, and when t he Iqamah is pronounced, Shayt an again t akes t o his heels. When t he Iqamah is finished he comes back again and t ries t o int erfere wit h t he person and his t hought s and t o say, ` Remember t his and t hat ,' which he has not t hought of before t he prayer, unt il t he praying person forget s how much he has prayed. If anyone of you does not remember, t hen he should perform t wo prost rat ions before pronouncing t he Salam.) This Hadit h is agreed upon. Az-Zuhri said, "Allah ment ioned t he Adhan in His Book,
ぴ
や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥わ∇Α∠ギ⇒∠ル
ヴ∠ャ͡ま
͡りヲ∠ヤｚダャや
ゅ∠ワヱ⊥グ∠ガｚゎや
⇔やヱ⊥ゴ⊥ワ
⇔ゅら͡バ∠ャ∠ヱ
∠マ͡ャク
∇ユ⊥ヰｚル∠ほ͡よ
∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ
ｚΙ
∠ラヲ⊥ヤ͡ボ∇バ∠Α
び
(And when you proclaim t he call for t he Salah, t hey t ake it (but ) as a mockery and fun; t hat is because t hey are a people who underst and not .)'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his st at ement .
ぴ
∇モ⊥ホ
∠モ∇ワ∠ほ⇒∠Α
͡ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや
∇モ∠ワ
∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ボレ∠ゎ
べｚレ͡ョ
ｚΙ͡ま
∇ラ∠ぺ
ゅｚレ∠ョや∠￢
͡ヮｚヤャゅ͡よ
べ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠メ͡ゴル⊥ぺ
ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ャ͡ま
べ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠メ͡ゴル⊥ぺ
リ͡ョ
⊥モ∇ら∠ホ
ｚラ∠ぺ∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ミ∠ゲ∠ん∇ミ∠ぺ
∠ラヲ⊥ボ͡ジ⇒∠プ
-∇モ⊥ホ
∇モ∠ワ
∇ユ⊥ム⊥ゃあら∠ル⊥ぺ
ｙゲ∠ゼ͡よ
リあョ
∠マ͡ャク
⇔る∠よヲ⊥ん∠ョ
∠ギレ͡ハ
͡ヮｚヤャや
リ∠ョ
⊥ヮ∠レ∠バｚャ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
∠ょ͡ツ∠ビ∠ヱ
͡ヮ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
∠モ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱ
⊥ユ⊥ヰ∇レ͡ョ
∠り∠キ∠ゲ͡ボ∇ャや
∠ゲΑ͡コゅ∠レ∠ガ∇ャや∠ヱ
∠ギ∠ら∠ハ∠ヱ
∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャや
∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ⊥ぺ
ｘゲ∠セ
⇔ゅルゅ∠ムｚョ
ぁモ∠ッ∠ぺ∠ヱ
リ∠ハ
͡￢へ∠ヲ∠シ
͡モΒ͡らｚジャや
-や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ミヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ
∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ
ゅｚレ∠ョや∠￢
∇ギ∠ホ∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠カｚキ
∇ャゅ͡よ
͡ゲ∇ヘ⊥ム
∇ユ⊥ワ∠ヱ
∇ギ∠ホ
∇やヲ⊥ィ∠ゲ∠カ
͡ヮ͡よ
⊥ヮｚヤャや∠ヱ
⊥ユ∠ヤ∇ハ∠ぺ
ゅ∠ヨ͡よ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ
∠ラヲ⊥ヨ⊥わ∇ム∠Α
-ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱ
⇔やゲΒ͡ん∠ミ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レあョ
∠ラヲ⊥ハ͡ゲ⇒∠ジ⊥Α
ヴ͡プ
͡ユ∇を͡Ηや
͡ラや∠ヱ∇ギ⊥バ∇ャや∠ヱ
⊥ユ͡ヰ͡ヤ∇ミ∠ぺ∠ヱ
∠ろ∇エぁジャや
∠ザ∇ゃ͡ら∠ャ
ゅ∠ョ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ
∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α
-∠Ι∇ヲ∠ャ
⊥ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ヰ∇レ∠Α
∠ラヲぁΒ͡レ⇒ｚよｚゲャや
∇ェｘΙや∠ヱ
⊥ケゅ∠ら
リ∠ハ
⊥ユ͡ヰ͡ャ∇ヲ∠ホ
∠ユ∇を͡Ηや
⊥ユ͡ヰ͡ヤ∇ミ∠ぺ∠ヱ
∠ろ∇エぁジャや
∠ザ∇ゃ͡ら∠ャ
ゅ∠ョ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ
∠ラヲ⊥バ∠レ∇ダ∠Α
び
a(59. Say: "O People of t he Script ure! Do you crit icize us for no ot her reason t han t hat we believe in Allah, and in what has been sent down t o us and in t hat which has been sent down before (us), and t hat most of you are rebellious'') (60. Say: "Shall I inform you of somet hing worse t han t hat , regarding t he recompense from Allah: t hose who incurred t he curse of Allah and His wrat h, and t hose of whom He t ransf ormed int o monkeys and swine, and t hose who worshipped Taghut ; such are worse in rank, and far more ast ray from t he st raight pat h.'') (61. When t hey come t o you, t hey say: "We believe.'' But in fact t hey ent er wit h disbelief and t hey go out wit h t he same. And Allah knows all t hat t hey were hiding.) (62. And you see many of t hem hurrying for sin and t ransgression, and eat ing illegal t hings. Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have been doing.) (63. Why do not t he Rabbaniyyun and t he Ahbar forbid t hem from ut t ering sinful words and from eat ing illegal t hings. Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have been performing.)
The People of the Book are Enraged at the Believers Because of
their Faith in Allah
Allah commands: Say, O Muhammad, t o t hose who mock and j est about your religion from among t he People of t he Script ures,
ぴ
∇モ∠ワ
∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ボレ∠ゎ
べｚレ͡ョ
ｚΙ͡ま
∇ラ∠ぺ
ゅｚレ∠ョや∠￢
͡ヮｚヤャゅ͡よ
べ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠メ͡ゴル⊥ぺ
ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ャ͡ま
べ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠メ͡ゴル⊥ぺ
リ͡ョ
⊥モ∇ら∠ホ
び
(Do you crit icize us for no ot her reason t han t hat we believe in Allah, and in what has been sent down t o us and in t hat which has been sent down before (us)) Do you have any crit icism or cause of blame for us, ot her t han t his This, by no means, is cause of blame or crit icism. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,
ぴ
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ボ∠ル
∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レ͡ョ
ｚΙ͡ま
ラ∠ぺ
∇やヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽ⊥Α
͡ヮｚヤャゅ͡よ
͡ゴΑ͡ゴ∠バ∇ャや
͡ギΒ͡ヨ∠エ∇ャや
び
(And t hey had no fault except t hat t hey believed in Allah, t he Almight y, Wort hy of all praise!) and,
ぴ
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ボ∠ル
∠Ι͡ま
∇ラ∠ぺ
⊥ユ⊥ワゅ∠レ∇ビ∠ぺ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
⊥ヮ⊥ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ
リ͡ョ
͡ヮ͡ヤ∇ツ∠プ
び
(and t hey could not find any cause t o do so except t hat Allah and His Messenger had enriched t hem of His bount y.) 9:74 In an agreed upon Hadit h, t he Prophet said,
»
ゅ∠ョ
⊥ユ͡ボ∇レ∠Α
⊥リ∇よや
∃モΒ͡ヨ∠ィ
ゅｚャ͡ま
∇ラ∠ぺ
∠ラゅ∠ミ
や⇔ゲΒ͡ボ∠プ
⊥ロゅ∠レ∇ビ∠ほ∠プ
ぶや
«
(What caused Ibn Jamil t o Yanqim (refuse t o give Zakah), alt hough he was poor and Allah made him rich) Allah's st at ement ,
ぴ
ｚラ∠ぺ∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ミ∠ゲ∠ん∇ミ∠ぺ
∠ラヲ⊥ボ͡ジ⇒∠プ
び
(and t hat most of you are rebellious. ..) is connect ed t o
ぴ
∇ラ∠ぺ
ゅｚレ∠ョや∠￢
͡ヮｚヤャゅ͡よ
べ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠メ͡ゴル⊥ぺ
ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ャ͡ま
べ∠ョ∠ヱ
∠メ͡ゴル⊥ぺ
リ͡ョ
⊥モ∇ら∠ホ
び
(t hat we believe in Allah, and in t hat which has been sent down t o us and in t hat which has been sent down before (us).) Therefore, t he meaning of t his part of t he Ayah is: we also believe t hat most of you are rebellious and deviat ed from t he st raight pat h.
The People of the Scriptures Deserve the Worst Torment on the Day
of Resurrection
Allah said next ,
ぴ
∇モ⊥ホ
∇モ∠ワ
∇ユ⊥ム⊥ゃあら∠ル⊥ぺ
ｙゲ∠ゼ͡よ
リあョ
∠マ͡ャク
⇔る∠よヲ⊥ん∠ョ
∠ギレ͡ハ
͡ヮｚヤャや
び
(Say: "Shall I inform you of somet hing worse t han t hat , regarding t he recompense from Allah") The Ayah commands t he Prophet t o say: Shall I inform you about a worse people wit h Allah on t he Day of Resurrect ion t han what you t hink of us They are you, wit h t hese charact erist ics,
ぴ
リ∠ョ
⊥ヮ∠レ∠バｚャ
⊥ヮｚヤャや
び
(t hose who incurred t he curse of Allah) were expelled from His mercy,
ぴ
∠ょ͡ツ∠ビ∠ヱ
͡ヮ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
び
(and who incurred His wrat h) and anger, aft er which He will never be pleased wit h t hem,
ぴ
∠モ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱ
⊥ユ⊥ヰ∇レ͡ョ
∠り∠キ∠ゲ͡ボ∇ャや
∠ゲΑ͡コゅ∠レ∠ガ∇ャや∠ヱ
び
(t hose of whom He t ransformed int o monkeys and swine,) as we ment ioned in Surat Al-Baqarah (2) and as we will ment ion in Surat Al-A` raf (7). Sufyan At h-Thawri narrat ed t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "Allah's Messenger was asked if t he current monkeys and swine were t hose whom Allah t ransformed. He said,
»
ｚラま
∠ぶや
∇ユ∠ャ
∇マ͡ヤ∇ヰ⊥Α
∩ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲ∠ホ
∇ヱ∠ぺ
∇ユ∠ャ
∇オ∠ジ∇ヨ∠Α
ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲ∠ホ
∠モ∠バ∇イ∠Β∠プ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∠ャ
ゅ⇔ヤ∇ジ∠ル
ゅ∠ャ∠ヱ
∩ゅ⇔ら͡ボ∠ハ
ｚラ͡ま∠ヱ
∠り∠キ∠ゲ͡ボ∇ャや
∠ゲΑ͡コゅ∠レ∠ガ∇ャや∠ヱ
∇ろ∠ルゅ∠ミ
∠モ∇ら∠ホ
マ͡ャク
«
(Allah never dest royed a people by t ransforming t hem and making offspring or descendant s for t hem. The monkeys and swine exist ed before t hat .)'' This was also recorded by Muslim. Allah said,
ぴ
∠ギ∠ら∠ハ∠ヱ
∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャや
び
(Those who worshipped Taghut ...) and served t hem, becoming t heir servant s. The meaning of t his Ayah is: you, O People of t he Script ures, who mock our religion, which consist s of Allah's Tawhid, and singling Him out in worship wit hout ot hers, how can you mock us while t hese are your charact erist ics This is why Allah said,
ぴ
∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱ⊥ぺ
ｘゲ∠セ
⇔ゅルゅ∠ムｚョ
び
(such are worse in rank...) t han what you -- People of t he Script ures -- t hink of us Muslims,
ぴ
ぁモ∠ッ∠ぺ∠ヱ
リ∠ハ
͡￢へ∠ヲ∠シ
͡モΒ͡らｚジャや
び
(and far more ast ray from t he st raight pat h.) ` More' in t he Ayah does not mean t hat t he ot her part y is ` less' ast ray, but it means t hat t he People of t he Script ures are far ast ray. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,
ぴ
⊥ょ⇒∠エ∇タ∠ぺ
͡るｚレ∠イ∇ャや
∃グ͡ゃ∠ョ∇ヲ∠Α
∀ゲ∇Β∠カ
⇔や∂ゲ∠ボ∠わ∇ジぁョ
⊥リ∠ジ∇ェ∠ぺ∠ヱ
⇔ΚΒ͡ボ∠ョ
び
(The dwellers of Paradise will, on t hat Day, have t he best abode, and have t he fairest of places for repose.)
The Hypocrites Pretend to be Believers but Hide their Kufr
said,ぴ
や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ
∇ユ⊥ミヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ
∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ
ゅｚレ∠ョや∠￢
∇ギ∠ホ∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠カｚキ
͡ゲ∇ヘ⊥ム∇ャゅ͡よ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠ヱ
∇ギ∠ホ
∇やヲ⊥ィ∠ゲ∠カ
͡ヮ͡よ
び
(When t hey come t o you, t hey say, "We believe. '' But in fact t hey ent er wit h (an int ent ion of) disbelief and t hey go out wit h t he same.) This is t he descript ion of t he hypocrit es, for t hey pret end t o be believers while t heir heart s hide Kufr. So Allah said;
ぴ
∇ギ∠ホ∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠カｚキ
び
(But in fact t hey ent er) on you, O Muhammad,
ぴ
͡ゲ∇ヘ⊥ム∇ャゅ͡よ
び
(wit h disbelief) in t heir heart s and t hey depart wit h Kufr, and t his is why t hey do not benefit from t he knowledge t hey hear from you, nor does t he advice and reminder move t hem. So,
ぴ
∇ユ⊥ワ∠ヱ
∇ギ∠ホ
∇やヲ⊥ィ∠ゲ∠カ
͡ヮ͡よ
び
(and t hey go out wit h t he same) meaning, t hey alone,
ぴ
⊥ヮｚヤャや∠ヱ
⊥ユ∠ヤ∇ハ∠ぺ
ゅ∠ヨ͡よ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ
∠ラヲ⊥ヨ⊥わ∇ム∠Α
び
(and Allah knows all t hat t hey were hiding.) Allah knows t heir secret s and what t heir heart s conceal, even if t hey pret end ot herwise wit h His creat ures, t hus pret ending t o be what t hey are not . Allah, Who has perfect knowledge of t he seen and unseen, has more knowledge about t he hypocrit es t han any of His creat ures do and He will recompense t hem accordingly. Allah's st at ement ,
ぴ
ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱ
⇔やゲΒ͡ん∠ミ
∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レあョ
∠ラヲ⊥ハ͡ゲ⇒∠ジ⊥Α
ヴ͡プ
͡ユ∇を͡Ηや
͡ラや∠ヱ∇ギ⊥バ∇ャや∠ヱ
⊥ユ͡ヰ͡ヤ∇ミ∠ぺ∠ヱ
∠ろ∇エぁジャや
び
(And you see many of t hem (Jews) hurrying for sin and t ransgression, and eat ing illegal t hings.) They hurry t o devour prohibit ed and illegal t hings, all t he while t ransgressing against people, unj ust ly consuming t heir propert y t hrough bribes and Riba,
ぴ
∠ザ∇ゃ͡ら∠ャ
ゅ∠ョ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ
∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α
び
(Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have been doing.) Indeed, horrible is t hat which t hey used t o do and t he t ransgression t hat t hey commit t ed.
Criticizing Rabbis and Learned Religious Men for Giving up on
Forbidding Evil
Allah said,ぴ
∠Ι∇ヲ∠ャ
⊥ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ヰ∇レ∠Α
∠ラヲぁΒ͡レ⇒ｚよｚゲャや
⊥ケゅ∠ら∇ェｘΙや∠ヱ
リ∠ハ
⊥ユ͡ヰ͡ャ∇ヲ∠ホ
∠ユ∇を͡Ηや
⊥ユ͡ヰ͡ヤ∇ミ∠ぺ∠ヱ
∠ろ∇エぁジャや
∠ザ∇ゃ͡ら∠ャ
ゅ∠ョ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ
∠ラヲ⊥バ∠レ∇ダ∠Α
び
(Why do not t he Rabbaniyyun and t he Ahbar forbid t hem from ut t ering sinful words and from eat ing illegal t hings. Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have been performing.) meaning why don't t he Rabbaniyyun and t he Ahbar forbid t hem from t his evil The Rabbaniyyun are t he scholars who are in posit ions of aut horit y, while t he Ahbar are t he regular scholars.
ぴ
∠ザ∇ゃ͡ら∠ャ
ゅ∠ョ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ
∠ラヲ⊥バ∠レ∇ダ∠Α
び
(Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have been performing.) referring t o t he Rabbaniyyun, as ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, because t hey abandoned forbidding evil. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "There is no Ayah in t he Qur'an t hat has more severe admonit ion t han t his Ayah,
ぴ
∠Ι∇ヲ∠ャ
⊥ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ヰ∇レ∠Α
∠ラヲぁΒ͡レ⇒ｚよｚゲャや
⊥ケゅ∠ら∇ェｘΙや∠ヱ
リ∠ハ
⊥ユ͡ヰ͡ャ∇ヲ∠ホ
∠ユ∇を͡Ηや
⊥ユ͡ヰ͡ヤ∇ミ∠ぺ∠ヱ
∠ろ∇エぁジャや
∠ザ∇ゃ͡ら∠ャ
ゅ∠ョ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ
∠ラヲ⊥バ∠レ∇ダ∠Α
び
(Why do not t he Rabbaniyyun and t he Ahbar forbid t hem from ut t ering sinful words and from eat ing illegal t hings. Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have been performing.)'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Yahya bin Ya` mar said, " ` Ali bin Abi Talib once gave a speech, which he st art ed by praising Allah and t hanking Him. He t hen said, ` O people! Those who were before you were dest royed because t hey commit t ed sins and t he Rabbaniyyun and Ahbar did not forbid t hem from evil. When t hey persist ed in sin, t hey were overcome by punishment . Therefore, enj oin right eousness and forbid evil before what t hey suffered also st rikes you. Know t hat enj oining
