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1 4 9 15 MRSA 20 64 MDCT 25 30 34 MRI 39 VIO300 45 50 56 CT Colonography 60 GnRH 66 1 71 3 75 1 80

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USA CLSI MIC

USA

6 / 4.5 4 /

3 / 1g /

multi (drug) (resistant) ):MDRP

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de-escalation

1) Pier GB, Ramphal R.

in Principles and practice of infectious diseases. Mandell GL et al, seventh ed, 2010, 2815-2860, Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia

2) KanjnSS et al, Treatment of

infections. In UPTODATE(This topic last updated: 10 1, 2012. )

3) Kanj SS et al. Epidemiology and pathogenesis

of infection. In

bacteremia and endocarditis. In UPTODATE(This topic last updated: 5 17, 2012. ) 5) Kanj SS et al. Other

infections. In UPTODATE(This topic last updated: 3 28, 2012.)

6) Elena BM et al.: all

roads lead to resistance. Trends in Microbiology 19: 419-426, 2011

resistance among .

Current pharmaceutical Design 19: 209-222, 2013 8) Lewis GJ et al: ecreased resistance of

with restriction of ciprofloxacin in a large teaching hospital`s intensive care and intermediate care units. Infection control and hospital epidemiology 33:368-373,2012

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3 ADL Activities of Daily Living,

Key Words ADL

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3

ROM Range of Motion,

MMT(Manual Muscle Test,

) MMT MMT 4 1 1 2 BRS Brunnstrom Recovery Stage 2 ADL 3 2004 3 ₄ 5 ADL ADL ADL

IADL Instrumental ADL ADL

ADL ADL 1) 3 No8 683-690,1994 2) , 2 ,1996,p16, 3) , , 2 ,2009

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1

2 BRS4

11

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3 4

execution

pacing

motor impersistence

hyperactivity

planning

framing

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16 4 5 16 18 4 20 5 4 5 23 75 37 2025 1 24 1

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1

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ICU CCU NCU 4 2 2 19 860 1,320 43% 40% 4000 6 3 2 HbA1c8.4 ICU

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2

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4

Electric Health Record

6

. Diabetes Frontier 22(2) 169-175,2011

. Diabetes Frontier 22(2) 130-135,2011

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4 1 4 16 7 1 18 1/4 6.5% 73842 23 1 39.7%( 23) 4 63 2 2,3 10.8% 25% 2 4 4 CCU CT 24 1 2009 7.7 8000

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1/3 4 2 2 2 3 10 20 17 1000 50 HbA1c10% NOWDM 2 ICT 25

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40% 60% 25 5 6 2009 . Diabetes Frontier 22 140-144 2012 HbA1c ,eGFR 5 . 12 Suppl. 176-176 2011

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1 24 55 57 58 60 32 91 255 1 4 6 2 24 7 2

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MRSA

MRSA 2010

10 1 4 UPTODATE MRSA MRSA

1 9 630 29.6 48 MRSA 48 MRSA 1 630 441 30 441 MRSA 48 9 MRSA 1 3 MRSA

Key Words MRSA

methicillin-resistant MRSA 1980 MRSA 1 MRSA MRSA 2 MRSA 1 3 9 630 17 101 357 273 1 MRSA 21 21 17 63 1 402 3 76 97 20 10 48

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630 20 15 75 10 4 40 MRSA 48 630 7.6 81.8 23 100 23 25 40 2 4 61 70 2 4 71 80 12 25 81 90 19 40 91 13 27 MRSA 21 15 71 20 8 40 10 3 30 1 128 18 14 96 8 8.3 2 MRSA 48 1 38 79 MRSA 15 31 9 19 3 4 MRSA 8 4 50 3 2 67 11 8 89 1 3 MRSA 1 MRSA 7 1 1 MRSA MRSA MRSA MRSA 1 MRSA MRSA 1 630 441 30 441 MRSA 48 100 MRSA MRSA

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1

2

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MRSA MRSA 1 3 3 3 3 MRSA 1 3 MRSA MRSA 35 1 139 6 MRSA MRSA 1 MRSA 1 MRSA . 16-31 2007 2 MRSA

Phage ORF Typing POT Medical Technology 9 903-904 2009

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64 MDCT

CT MDCT Multi-Detector row Computed Tomography

100 mGy CT

CTDIvol computed tomography dose index volume CT TLD thermoluminescence dosimeter CTDIvol CT CTDIvol 1.5 Key Words CT CT MDCT Multi-Detector row Computed Tomography

1,2)

International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP 100 mGy

CT

CT-AEC CT automatic exposure control CT-AEC

3,4) _CT

CTDIvol computed tomography dose index volume

CTDIvol 32cm 1 a CTDIvol CT CTDIvol CTDIvol CT

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Aquilion 6 thermolum TLD 2800M } 32 m 1 a) c) C 64 minescence do 1 2 3 mm 32cm CT T osimeter T 1 b KYO Victoreen TLD 2 C TOSHIBA TLD TLD OKKO MOD { 1 CTDIvol 1 D -S DEL c 2 D CTD CT-T HP 27 DLP Dose L DIvol CT-AEC -AEC TLD TLD TL HP 45 Length Prod cm D LD b) TLD HP heric duct 4 6 4 cal pitch 1 CTDIvol 6 TLDD

a)

c)

b)

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2 TLD

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HP HP CTDIvol 3 a b TLD TLD y CTDIvol x 3 c HP HP 0.99 CTDIvol HP y 1.58 x 2.01 HP y 1.43 x 0.15 CT CTDIvol 1.5 CT-AEC 2 38.8 mGy 37.5 mGy 41.9 mGy 33.7 mGy 38.0 mGy 3 HP HP CTDIvol 2 CT-AEC mGy

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CT TLD CT CT CTDIvol 1.5 HP HP CTDIvol HP HP HP HP 2 TLD X TLD CT-AEC 440 mA 38.0 mGy 100 mGy CT CT CTDIvol CTDIvol CT 1) X CT 61(5) 683-690 2005 2) X CT 53(5) 1594-1598 2006 3) CT CT-AEC 61(8) 1094-1103 2005 4) CT CT-AEC 63 (5) 534-545 2007

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8 lateral pelvic fascia 194 80-335ml 1 2 6 7 18.8 6-41 2 (25%) 2 5 (62.5%) 7 1 155 10-301ml Key Words 23 11 24 2 8 68.1 61-76 T2 7 T3 1

Gleason sum:6-10 PSA 8.0 4-17 ng/ml

(

) 1a

1b

lateral pelvic fascia

1c

3-0

6 1d

2

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1 a

b Lateral pelvic fascia

c Lateral pelvic fascia

d

Lateral

pelvic

fascia

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2

2a

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194 80-335ml 400ml 1 2 6 7 18.8 6-41 2 (25%) 2 5 (62.5%) 7 1 155 10-301ml 1. 2. 3. 4. 1,2) 1) 1) 3) 200ml 1 1,2) 1) . 4: 3-10, 2012 2) , . 4: 47-50, 2012 3) 1: 35-37, 2012

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46 19 41.3 73.7% 40 60 84.2 100% 2009 3 33 2009 3 2012 8 70 50 4 3 N0.5 17 18 1 2 3. 4 4 1 2 3 3

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1 2

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3 46 19 41.3 73.7% 40 60 84.2 14 73.7 1 5.3 2 10.5 1 5.3 0 0 1 5.3 16 84.2

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

1

2

3

4

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6

7

8

9

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30 0 0 40 3 30 50 4 40 60 3 30 70 0 0 10 100 9 90 8 80 8 80 8 80 7 70 6 60 5 50 4 40 3 30 2 20 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 6 20 90 40 60 70 40 1 3 30 4 12 1) 2)

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3) 3) 3) 1 : . 28: 141-145 ,2004 2 : . 24: 691-694, 2007 3 : 6: 59-67 , 2009

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MRI

MR-myelography Balanced

true steady state free precession true SSFP Balanced

T1 T2 T2/T1

true SSFP three dimential-field echo 3D-FE_fc 2 flip angle (FA) 10

60 10

3D-FE_fc FA10 true SSFP

3D-FE_fc MR-myelography

MRI far-out syndrome

Key Words MR

magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) Balanced

signal-to-noise ratio SNR MR-myelography

Balanced

true steady state free precession true

SSFP Balanced T1 T2 T2/T1 1,2) 3,4) TOSHIBA 1.5 T MRI EXCELART Vantage XGV F2-Edition Ver.8.02

CTL array coil

4 ( 29.8 )

true SSFP 3D-FE_fc 2 flip angle (FA) 10 60

10 coronal

true SSFP FA

TR:14.7 ms TE:7.2 ms 2.0 mm matrix 224 224 field of view (FOV) 30 30 cm

2 CHESS

244 Hz/pixel 25

2 min 58 s

3D-FE_fc FA

TR:34.8ms TE:10ms 2.0 mm matrix

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s

5 ROI

1 ROI

16 pixel

=|(SIT SIBG) / (SIT+SIBG)/2

SIT SIBG 8 ROI ROI 16 pixel true SSFP 2 3D-FE_fc 3 true SSFP FA FA FA 3D-FE_fc FA=10 30 FA 4 true SSFP FA 3D-FE_fc FA true SSFP 5 6 true SSFP FA FA 30 3D-FE_fc FA FA=40 FA 1 ROI 5 ROI

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2 true SSFP FA 3 3D-FE_fc FA

true SSFP

FA

A C D

3D-FE_fc

FA

A B C D

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4 true SSFP 3D-FE_fc FA

5 true SSFP FA

ROI

true SSFP

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6 3D-FE_fc FA MRI MRI 5~7) true SSFP 3D-FE_fc 2 3D-FE_fc FA=10 3D-FE_fc FA true SSFP heavy T2 2 true SSFP 3D-FE_fc 3D-FE_fc MR-myelography MRI far-out syndrome

FE3D_fc

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1) MRI

MR 61(1):83-86,2010

2)

balanced sequence MRI MR myelography 21(2) 123-128, 2008

3) Ross JS. Newer sequence for spinal MR imaging smorgasboad or succotash of acronysm?. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20(3) 361-373, 1999 4) revision 22(7) 835-839, 2009 5) 52(9) 1071-1076, 2009 6) 3 MRI 21(2) 115-121, 2008 7) Far-out syndrome 52(9) 1081-1087, 2009 8) 23(5) 515-520, 2010

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1) 1) 2) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 3) 1 2 3 ( ) 4 4 7 4 130ml 14 276ml 2010 8 ERBE VIO300D VIO300D 200V 100 1-3) 1) 1) VIO300D 4) 25-30 1 8 5 10 5mm 10mm 5 2 25 1 4 7 4 8

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1

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1 1 ( ) 3,500 4,300V 1 5 10 2 5mm ( 5mm 10mm ) 70 10mm( 20mm) 40 4 10 16mm( 8mm) 10mm 40 2mm 3 2 3 2 4 130ml (80,100,220,100ml) 1) 5 10 4 4 4 4 1,2) 2) _5mm 2 3mm 6 8 8 10mm 6 8 8 130ml 14 4) _{276ml(80-500)}

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1 7 1 2012, 27-35, 2 VIO IO 2009, 1-7, , 2009 3 . 65: 1498-1503 2010 4 -1: 35-37 2012

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1 2 2 1 3 1 1 2 3 2012 30 1 2010 2010 1 8.9 2013 1 26.7 2012 1 12 2600 Key Words 2007 2012 30 1 2010 1 8.9 2) 1 2

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3 1 2010 1 8.9 2013 1 26.7 2 2012 1 12 2600 2010 2011 2012 1 13.2 2012 172 2013 1 26.7 4 4 2012 6 12 180 2012 6 2012 11 39

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2012 1 13.2 26.7 2012 4 100 7 50 11 60 2013 26.7% 1 2600 1 (Vol.52 No.10):19(1443)-26(1450),2010.9 2 ,5-14,2010.3

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2

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1 2 5 10 15 20 25 30 20110 1 2013 1

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5-9cm

9 ( 2 :7 )

125ml 4

Key Words Fast-track (ERAS)

2001 Cotton1

Fast-track Kehlet

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery : ERAS 2 4-8) 1 (1) 2 1-2 1 1 10-20 (2) 2 OS-1 (3) 30 2 3 (4) 5-9cm (5)

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4 1 4 100m (8) 1. 0 2 11 2. : 15-16 : 4 11 3. 15 4 18 4. 7 11 1 2

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2 125ml 4 ( 14-16 15.2 ) 2 20 3 1 1 16.0 44.3 3 1 1 n=9 10 74 80 9,10) 11) ₂₀₀₇ ₄₀₃₀ 2 1 2 90% 5,8) 6 2 12,13) 12) 2 4 9cm 100-200cc 7) 4 14,15) 1 1 1 2 14) 1 1 16 44 4,5,8)

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1 Cotton P: Fast-track improves CABG outcomes. JAMA 270: 2023, 1993

2 Wilmore DW, Kehlet H: Management of patients in fast track surgery. BMJ 322, 473-476, 2001 3 , , 29: 219-226, 2004 4) . 8: 125-132, 2006 5) . 10: 111-114, 2008 6) , DPC . 14: 22-25,2012 7) 1:35-37, 2012 8) : 14:215-217,2012 9) Kirsh E J, Worwag E M, Sinner M et al: Using outcome data and patient satisfaction surveys to develop policies regarding minimum length of hospitalization after radical prostatectomy. Urology 56:101 107, 2000

10) Worwag E, Chodak GW : Overnight hospitalization after radical prostatectomy: the impact of two clinical pathways on patient satisfaction, length of hospitalization, and morbidity. Anesth Analg 87:62 67, 1998

11) , , . 102: 713-720, 2011 12) . http://www.anesth.or.jp/guide/index.html

13) Lobo DN, Hendry PO, Rodrigues G, et al:

magnetic resonance imaging in healthy adult volunteers a randomised double-blind, crossover study. Clin Nutr 28, 636-641, 2009

14) , ,

(Enhanced Recovery After Surgery:ERAS)

. 64, 214-223,

2011

15) Kehlet H, Mogensen T Hospital stay of 2 days after open sigmoidectomy with a multimodal rehabilitation program. Br J Surg 86 227-230, 1999

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CT Colonography

CT CT Colonography CTC 2011 CTC 2011 2 1 2012 1 31 CTC 21 CTC CTC 10.2 1 31 CT 9 7 4 21 CTC Key Words CTC CT Colonography CTC CT 3 CT CT Colonography CTC 1 3 _CTC 4 _3D navigation 2011 CTC CTC room air CT CT 0.5mm 64 CT Aquilion TSX 101A 1 3 AZE Virtual Place 2 72.5 51 87 13 8 16 3 2 CTC 10.2 1 31 CT 9

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1 CTC

1

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2 2 F T M A F Ra M A M S M Ra a F A F A a M C F D M S F A M D M Rs a M A C M C,S F D M S M D M Rs F Rb a

1

2

3

4

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6

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16 2 78 TCF 1 fiber S 3 4 CT CT 3 S 3 S CT PET CTC CT 3 5 6 CTC CTC CT CTC navigation 7 8 CTC CTC CTC 21 CT CT 4 room air 30 CTC 3 CTC

1 Pickhardt PJ Taylor AJ Kim DH et al. Screening for colorectal neoplasia with CT colonograhpy. Radiology 224 393 403 2002 2 CT colonography . Rad Fan 9 27 30 2011 3 CT 108 899 907 2011 4 CT 47 34 45 2012

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helical CT and virtual reality AJR 162(suppl) S104 1994

6 CT Colonography

INNERVISION 25 32 34 2010

7 Matsuki M Okuda J Kanazawa S et al Virtual CT colectomy by three-dimensional imaging using multidetector-row CT for laparoscopic colorectal surgery Abdom Imaging 30 698 708 2005

8

CT Colonography

Virtual CT Laparoscopy INNERVISION 25 35 37 2010

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3 16

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58-91 ( 76.6 ) 12 GnRH LH 1 2 50ng/dl LH 1 1 0.1 1.0mIU/ml 1 1 1 LH 0.1mIU/ml 66.6 41.6 33.3 GnRH GnRH 1 1 LH 0.2

5.3 mIU/ml 0.3 mIU/ml 1 1.2 mIU/ml

LH GnRH 1 Key Words GnRH LH 1941 Huggins Hodges , 1) GnRH , GnRH , GnRH LH , GnRH LH GnRH 80mg 120mg 120mg 2 ,2 80mg 1 , GnRH 2 GnRH 58-91 ( 76.6 ) 12 GnRH LH CLIA 2.GnRH GnRH 1 LH

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1.GnRH LH 1 1 GnRH 1 100ng/dl 2 50ng/dl 2 50ng/dl 4 3 (224.6ng/dl) 1 (59.9ng/dl) 9 1 (75.7ng/dl) 2 2 GnRH LH LH 1 1 0.1 1.0mIU/ml , , , , , 66.6 41.6 33.3 16.7 2.GnRH GnRH 1 LH ( 3) GnRH 1 LH 0.2 5.3 mIU/ml 3 0.7 mIU/ml 1 0.3 mIU/ml GnRH 1 LH 1.2 mIU/ml 19.4ng/dl GnRH GnRH GnRH 14 2 15% GnRH 2,5) ₁ 100ng/dl 2 50ng/dl 4 1 59.9ng/dl 1 LH 0.1mIU/ml GnRH GnRH GnRH 1 GnRH 3 LA 6 6) _GnRH GnRH Garnick 7) _GnRH Abarelix GnRH 1 GnRH GnRH 1 1 LH Crawford ED 8) PSA GnRH GnRH 1

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1 GnRH 1 GnRH 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 n 12 6 7 9 8 6 11 10 6 2 382.2 70.9 39.2 55.5 28.9 18.6 22.6 22.1 16.0 27.2 130.8 53.2 25.9 20.6 12.5 5.8 6.4 7.6 6.5 10.0 656.0 98.0 49.4 224.6 75.7 32.9 59.9 48.8 40.1 44.3 159.1 18.2 8.8 64.1 20.0 11.1 14.8 14.4 12.6 24.3

1

10

100 1000

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

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2 GnRH LH 2 GnRH LH 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 n 12 6 7 9 8 6 11 10 7 2 10.1 1.8 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 32.2 4.1 1.7 2.9 1.2 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 9.0 1.3 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7

0.1

1

10

100

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

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3 GnRH GnRH 1 LH

1 Huggins C, Hodges CV.: Studies on prostatic cancer. I. The effect of castration, of estrogen and androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. CA Cancer J Clin 22: 232-240,1972

2 OZONO S, UEDA T, HOSHI S, et al: GnRH : 12 II . Jpn J Clin Oncol 42: 477-484,2012 3 , : GnRH 5 NEWS GnRH ( )/ ( 80mg,120mg) 61: 529-531, 2012 6 : LHRH ? 56: 301-304, 2010

7 Garnick MB, Mottet N: New treatment paradigm for prostate cancer: abarelix initiation therapy for immediate testosterone suppression followed by a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist. BJU Int 110: 499-504, 2012 8 Crawford ED, Tombal B, Miller K, et al.: A

0.1

1

10

100 1000

LH R R

50

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1

55 BHL 2 CT BHL 8 X 58% Key Words 20 67.7% 42.2% X 59.7% 1) _BHL 55 37 43 X BHL 36.4 116/57mmHg 80 / SpO2 97%

3.7 % Bas 0.7 % Mon 8.6 % Lym 24.0 % RBC 512 104 _{Hb 13.9 g/dl Ht 41.3 % MCV 80.7 fl} Plt 18.7 104 _{T-P 7.4 g/dl Alb 4.1 g/dl LDH} 232 IU/l CRP 0.1 mg/dl BUN 14.0 mg/dl Cre 0.6 mg/dl Na 140 mEq/l K 4.8 mEq/l Ca 9.6 mEq/l P 4.3 mg/dl

ACE 37.4 U/I CEA 2.5 ng/ml AFP 6.2 ng/ml CYFRA 1.7 ng/ml X 1 2 X BHL CT 2 61/ PR 0.16 QRS 0.8 QTc 0.42 ST-T FVC 131.1% 1 73.2% 1 2 (BAL) Fraction1.2 20 15% CD4/CD8 6.0 BHL 3

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8 BHL ( 58% :3.6x2.3cm 8 2.3 1.5cm 1 X BHL 8 BHL 8 2 CT

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1 FVC (L) (% pred.) 3.37 (131.1%) FEV1(L) (% pred.) 2.47 (111.8%) FEV1/FVC (%) 73.2 FRC (L) (% pred.) 2.23 (128.9%) RV (L) (% pred.) 1.31 (78.4%) TLC (L) (% pred.) 4.70 (117.2%) RV/TLC (%) 27.8

Dlco (ml/min/mmHg) (% pred.) 16.32 (80.1%)

DLco/VA (ml/min/mmHg/L) (% pred.) 4.57 (94.2%)

2 BAL

3

raction 1 2 3

Cell count 1.0 1.0 1.0 105_cells/ml

Neutrophil 0.0 1.0 8.0 %

Eosinophil 0.0 0.0 1.0 %

Lymphocyte 20.0 15.0 1.0 %

Macrophage 80.0 84.0 90.0 %

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5% 47-87% 2 3) 1963 1981 24 5 275 5 X 8% 1) _BHL 5 4) 77.6% 83.7% 1) BHL 5) 4 6 30% 6) BHL 1) 554 1963 1986 . 25 998-1004 1987 2) . 60 1794-1800 2002 3) 7 43-50 2003 4) BHL 1 . 12 28-33 2002 5) Up-to-Date. 12 403-408 2007 6) . 11 59-62 2005

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3

3 2 CT 1 CT MRI A 2 SAH Key Words 3 1 47 25 CT 2 MRA 3D-CTA 1A B 1C 33 CTA 1D 2 62 17 CT 3 3D-CTA

pearl and string sign 2A

cervical portion intimal flap 2B

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1 A: 1 MRA B: 2 3D-CTA C: 14 3D-CTA D: 33 3D-CTA A B C D 2

A: 1 3D-CTA pearl and string sign

B: 8 CTA

cervical portion intimal flap

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3 67 MRI MRA 2 CT Subarachnoid hemorrhage SAH 3A B retrospective MRA 3C 2 SAH CT SAH SAH 3 SAH 1 3 A B: CT C: MRA retrospective A B C

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1 3 3 SAH 3 3 40 50 1) 2) SAH 3) 3 2 1 2 5) 1 3) _77.8% _80.6% 96.4% 3 SAH 3 1 2 3 47 62 67

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1) Mizutani T: Treatment consideration for cerebral dissecting aneurysms based on the pathological mechanism findings and the healing process. Jpn J Neurosurg (Tokyo) 19: 104-111 2010

2) Kurihara T: Headache neck pain and stroke as characteristic manifestations of the cerebral artery dissection. Intern Med 46: 257-258 2007 3) Mizutani T: Natural course of intracranial arterial dissections. J Neurosurg 114: 1037-1044 2011

4) Nakagawa K Touho H Morisato T Osaka Y et al: Long-term follow-up study of unruptured vertebral artery dissection:Clinical outcomes and serial angiographic findings. J Neurosurg 93: 19-25 2000

5) Kai Y Nishi T Watanabe M Morioka M Hirano T et al: Strategy for treating unruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms. Neurosurgery 69: 1085-1092 2011

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1

1 2 3 1 2 3 62 CT 2 3 30mg/ 1 11 15 CT 1 11

Key Words chronic subdural hematoma, edoxaban, team medical care

3 3 60 1)2) 11 62 X X WBC 12800/ l, D-dimer 60.3 g/ml CT 1A 1B

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7 9 8 CT 15 11 13 2 15 CT 3 17 19 43 CT 4 60 1 A: B: A B 2

>>

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3 15 CT

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t-PA 1) 1 2 /10 70 7.4 /10 3 3 2 20 30 ITP DIC 1) _Gentry 2) CT CT CT MRI 1) 3) 4) Gras J 5) 1 30mg 24 Rust T 7) 42.5 CT 15mg/ 1 11 15 CT 3 3 ) 1 CT

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1) : . 58: 488-493, 2003

2) Gentry LR, Godersky JC, Thompson B, et al: Prospective comparative study of intermediate-field MR and CT in the evaluation of closed head trauma. Am J Roentgenol 150:673-682, 1988

3) Delgado-Lopez PD, Martin-Velasco V, Castilla-Diez JM, et al: Dexamethasone treatment in chronic subdural haematoma. Neurocirugia 20 346-359, 2009

4) Berghauser Pont LM, Dirven CM, Dippel DW, et al: The role of corticosteroids in the management of chronic subdural hematoma: a systematic review. Eur J Neurol. 19: 1397-1403, 2012

5) Gras J: Edoxaban for the prevention of thromboembolic events after surgery. Drugs Today (Barc). 47: 753-761, 2011

6) Saadeh Y, Gohil K, Bill C, et al: Chemical venous thromboembolic prophylaxis is safe and effective for patients with traumatic brain injury when started 24 hours after the absence of hemorrhage progression on head CT. J Trauma AcuteCare Surg 73: 426-430, 2012

7) Rust T, Kiemer N, Erasmus A, et al: Chronic subdural haematomas and anticoagulation or anti-thrombotic therapy. J Clin Neurosci. 13: 823-827, 2006

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-2012

96.3% IPM/CS CAZ

92.6% PIPC AMK TOB LVFX GM 70 1 (3.7%)

MDRP multiple drug resistant 3 2011 1) 2) 2012 9 2013 2 6 198 93 198 47.0 27/198 13.6 1 (%) (S) (S)+ (I)+ (R) x100 2 96.3% IPM/CS,CAZ 92.6%

PIPC, AMK, TOB LVFX GM 70

MDRP 1 (3.7%) 100ml H24/ 8 ESBL MDRP 1 2011 . 1 :50-52, 2012 2 (ESBL ). 1 :4-7, 2012

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