家と家をつなぐ――バゴー山地カレン焼畑村から―― [Connecting House to House:Social Practices of Karen Swidden Farmers in Bago Yomas ]
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(2) ῍῍. . . . *. Connecting House to House: Social Practices of Karen Swidden Farmers in Bago Yomas H6N6B> Yoko*. During the period of British administration, certain areas in the Bago mountains were designated as Karen Reserve Forest. Today, the same area is still reserved for Sgaw Karen farmers who cultivate swidden fields. This paper starts by briefly examining the historical continuity of forest administration of this region from colonial times to the present, including the period of post-independence internal conflict which deeply affected the area. The purpose is to elucidate the peculiar position of the village in the country’s administrative system. Then, the article pursues two objectives. The first is to present an ethnography of swidden farming, following the annual cycle of cultivation and exchange of labor involved, paying attention to the mutual relationships within the unit of production which is here designated as “the house,” a notably independent socioeconomic unit. On this basis, the paper then examines how, in this village which has experienced half a century of mobility, relocation, and settlement, “the house” has become a nexus of networks of relationships, both geographically over a wide area and historically through time and generations. Drawing upon some of the literature on “house societies,” especially in Southeast Asia, it concludes that the continuing independence of the house in the Bago Karen village facilitates mobility while maintaining the horizontal ties which provide the necessary network for security, as well as the vertical ties which provide a locus of identity. Keywords: Karen, swidden cultivation, social relationship, house and society ῑῌΐῌῒ῎ . ῏ ῍ ῐ ῎
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(387) 1 ;῍]^<=. ῎ ῍ ῏ ῌ Bryant, Raymond L. ῍ῒ. The Political Ecology of Forestry in Burma. London: Hurst and Co. Carsten, Janet. ῍ῒ. The Heat of the Hearth: The Process of Kinship in a Malay Fishing Community. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ¥¦!8§ ῍§ $¨"#_`hZ&#© ῌῌ l"$%ª& «#+'¬ ῌῌ (T® ¯)°± ²*}1 +³]§ Hayami, Yoko. ῍ῒ. Internal and External Discourse of Communality, Tradition and Environment: Minority Claims on Forest in the Northern Hills of Thailand. Tonan Ajia Kenkyu qSoutheast Asian Studiesr ῏ῑ²῏}: ῑῑΐ῍ῑῒ. ῌῌῌῌ§ ῎ῌῌῐ. Between Hills and Plains: Power and Practice in Socio-Religious Dynamics among Karen. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press and Melbourne: Trans-Pacific Press. Levi-Strauss, Claude. ῍ΐ῎. The Way of the Masks. Translated by Sylvia Modelski from the original published in ῍ῒῑ. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ῌῌῌῌ§ ῍ΐῒ. “Clan, Lineage, House” in Anthropology and Myth: Lectures 1951῍82. Translated by Roy Willis from the original published in ῍ΐῐ. London: Basil Blackwell. Marshall, Harry Ignatius, Rev. ῍῎῎. The Karen People of Burma: A Study in Anthropology and Ethnology. Columbus: Ohio State University.. ῍ῌ} ,-$hZ&\_=$xj""1 _`$x>?j";G´.>?/ µ
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(391) VW῎X;XYZ[\ Maung Shwe Wa. ῍ῒ῏. Burma Baptist Chronicle Part I, edited by Genevieve and Erville Sowards. Rangoon: Board of Publications, Burma Baptist Convention. ῎ῌῌΐ ῌῌ
(392) !" #$%&'( ) ῒ * +, $%!- ./0 1234 5 6 Smith, Martin. ῍῍. Burma: Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity. London: Zed Books. 7 89 ῍ :;<=>? ῌῌ @ABCDEFG HIB& JKLM #N<O- PQ RS" #
(393) TU- ῏ῑ1ῐ3: ῎῎ῐ῍῎ῐῑ. Waterson, Roxana. ῍ῑ. Houses and Hierarchies in Island Southeast Asia. In About the House: Levi-Strauss and Beyond, edited by Janet Carsten and Stephen Hugh-Jones, pp. ῐΐ῍ῒ. Cambridge University Press.. 381.
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