ᢎຬ⎇ୃߣ᝼ᬺታ〣߆ࠄ⷗߃ߡߊࠆߎߣ Teaching College Education in English:

⧷⺆ߢⴕ߁᝼ᬺㆇ༡㧦

ᢎຬ⎇ୃߣ᝼ᬺታ〣߆ࠄ⷗߃ߡߊࠆߎߣ Teaching College Education in English:

An Analysis of Teacher Training Courses on Teaching in English, and Their Effectiveness in Real Classroom Settings

ᄢ⮳ ടᄹ Oyabu, Kana

Abstract

Recently, college instructors need to teach some of their courses in English because of the increasing number of international students who do not understand Japanese. However, faculties have no or little training in giving their lectures and seminars in English. This paper reports on four recent teacher development workshops for instructors teaching ( or expected to teach) international students in English. Its objective is to disseminate some of the approaches the author has gained through these workshops to those who are not able to attend such workshops because of time and resource constrains. The paper outlines the content of each workshop, and analyses common elements and suggestions offered by these seminars. The author examines the effectiveness of these approaches by putting them in context of the author’s own experiences. The paper confirms that clearly stated rules and objectives in syllabi and instructions, use of multiple media and learning styles in conveying the content of instruction, and the awareness of learners’ educational and cultural backgrounds are all important elements in teaching international students in English.

ߪߓ߼ߦ

ೋ╬ਛ╬ᢎ⢒࡮㜞╬ᢎ⢒ࠍ໧ࠊߕޔ⧷⺆ߢ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁ᔅⷐᕈߪ㜞߹ߞߡ޿ࠆޕೋ╬ਛ

╬ᢎ⢒ߢߪᐔᚑ㧞㧡ᐕᐲ߆ࠄታᣉߐࠇࠆ㜞╬ቇᩞቇ⠌ᜰዉⷐ㗔㧔⧷⺆✬㧕ߦ᝼ᬺߪ⧷⺆ߢ ⴕ߁੐ࠍၮᧄߣߔࠆߣ޿߁ᢥ⸒߇᣿⸥ߐࠇ⹤㗴ߦߥߞߚޕ߹ߚޔ㜞╬ᢎ⢒ߢߪ⇐ቇ↢㧟㧜

ਁੱ⸘↹߿ࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞㧟㧜ߥߤߩ࿖㓙ൻ᡽╷ߩᓇ㗀߽޽ߞߡ⇐ቇ↢߇Ⴧടߒޔ⧷⺆⑼⋡ߛ ߌߢߥߊޔኾ㐷⺖⒟ߦ߅޿ߡ߽৻ㇱ⧷⺆ߦࠃࠆ᝼ᬺㆇ༡ࠍⴕ߁ᄢቇ߇Ⴧ߃ߡ޿ࠆޕ╩⠪ߪ ޡᄖ࿖⺆ᢎ⢒ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓޢ╙৻ภߦ߅޿ߡޔ㕖Უ⺆⹤⠪߇⧷⺆ߩ᝼ᬺࠍ⧷⺆ߢⴕ߁੐ߦኻ ߔࠆቇ↢ߩᗧ⼂߿ޔᢎຬߩᗧ⼂ࠍಽᨆߒߚ߇¹ޔߏߊᢙᐕߩ߁ߜߦ⧷⺆ࠍኾ㐷ߣߒߥ޿ᢎຬ

1 ᄢ⮳ടᄹޟ⧷⺆ߢⴕ߁⧷⺆ߩ᝼ᬺ㧦㕖Უ⺆⹤⠪ᢎຬࠍߣࠅ߹ߊ⃻⁁ߣℂ⺰⊛ᨒ⚵ߺޠޡ⸒

⺆ᢎ⢒ࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓޢ1Ꮞ㧔2007㧕

߽⧷⺆ߢ᝼ᬺߔࠆ੐ࠍ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆᤨઍߣߥࠅߟߟ޽ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

⧷⺆ߢ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁ᔅⷐᕈߪޔ㕖Ᏹߦᕆㅦߦ㜞߹ߞߡ޿ࠆޕ╩⠪ߩᚲዻߔࠆ㊄ᴛᄢቇߦ߅

޿ߡ߽࿖㓙ൻߩㅴߺౕวߪỗߒߊޔ㧞㧜㧝㧜ᐕᐲߩ⇐ቇ↢ߪ⚂㧡㧜㧜ฬޔ೨ᐕᐲ߆ࠄ⚂㧠 㧜㧑߽Ⴧടߒߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⢛᥊ߩ߽ߣޔ⧷⺆ߢ᝼ᬺࠍߔࠆᔅⷐᕈߪ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ⹺⼂ߐ ࠇߟߟ޽ࠆ߽ߩߩޔ⧷⺆ߦࠃࠆ᝼ᬺㆇ༡ߩࡁ࠙ࡂ࠙ߪޔ߹ߛචಽߦ౒᦭ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߪ⸒

߃ߥ޿ޕߘߎߢᧄ⺰ߢߪޔ╩⠪߇ㄭᐕෳടߒߚ࿖ౝᄖߩ⎇ୃߩ߁ߜޔ⧷⺆ߢ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁੐ޔ

⧷⺆㕖Უ⺆⹤⠪ߩ⇐ቇ↢ߦ⧷⺆ߢ᝼ᬺߔࠆߎߣߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߚ⎇ୃ㧠ߟߦߟ޿ߡႎ๔ߔࠆޕ

߹ߚޔߘࠇࠄߩ⎇ୃߢߊࠅ㄰ߒขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ߚౝኈࠍᢛℂߒޔ⪺⠪߇⧷⺆ߢⴕߞߡ޿

ࠆ᝼ᬺታ〣ߦᾖࠄߒวࠊߖߡߘࠇࠄߩ᦭ലᕈࠍ⠨߃ࠆޕ

1.1ᢎຬ⎇ୃ᭎ⷐ

ᧄ⺰ߢขࠅ਄ߍࠆ㧠ߟߩ⎇ୃߪޔޟ⧷⺆ࡉ࡜࠶ࠪࡘࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ޠ㧔㊄ᴛᄢቇ࡮࠲ࡈ࠷

ᄢቇ㧕ޔޟ⧷⺆FD࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ޠ㧔㊄ᴛᄢቇ࡮ࠕ࡞ࠢ㧕ޔޟࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ⧷⺆ᢎ᝼ᴺ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ޠ㧔ࡂ

࡝ࠛ࠶࠻ࡢ࠶࠻ᄢቇ㧕ޔޟ⧷⺆⻠⟵ᴺ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ޠ㧔ࠛࠫࡦࡃ࡜ᄢቇ㧕ߢ޽ࠆޕ޿ߕࠇ߽ਥߦ⧷

⺆㕖Უ⺆⹤⠪ߢ޽ࠆ⇐ቇ↢ࠍ฽߻⇣ᢥൻ࡮⇣᳃ᣖᷙ࿷ࠢ࡜ࠬߦ߅޿ߡޔ⧷⺆ߢ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁ 㧔߹ߚߪⴕ߁੍ቯߩ㧕ᢎຬࠍኻ⽎ߦ㐿௅ߐࠇߚޕએਅޔߘࠇߙࠇߩ⎇ୃߩ᭎ⷐࠍㅀߴࠆޕ

⧷⺆FD⎇ୃޟ⧷⺆ߢ᝼ᬺࠍߔࠆߚ߼ߦޠ㧔2011ᐕ2᦬23㨪24ᣣ㧕 㐿௅႐ᚲ㧦㊄ᴛᄢቇ✚วᢎ⢒2ภ㙚B12ᢎቶ

⻠Ꮷ㧦ศਛ᣽࿡㧔ࠕ࡞ࠢ㧕 ෳട⠪㧦㊄ᴛᄢቇᢎຬ7ฬ

㧔⇐ቇ↢࠮ࡦ࠲࡯3ฬޔੱ㑆␠ળ⎇ⓥၞᴺቇ㘃2ฬ࡮࿖㓙ቇ㘃1ฬޔᄖ࿖⺆ᢎ⢒⎇

ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯1ฬ㧕 ⎇ୃᒻᘒ㧦ࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊᒻᑼ ૶↪⸒⺆㧦ᣣᧄ⺆

⎇ୃᤨ㑆㧦2ᣣ㑆㧔10ᤨ㑆㧕 ౝኈ㧦⧷⺆ߦࠃࠆ᝼ᬺㆇ༡

㧝㧕⧷⺆ߢ᝼ᬺࠍߔࠆߚ߼ߩᢎቶ⧷⺆ߩ⠌ᓧޕ

㧞㧕᣿ᔟߐ߿⺰ℂᕈࠍ㊀ⷞߒޔᄙ᭽ߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦᚻᲑࠍ૶ߞߚ᝼ᬺߩታ

〣㧔ෳട⠪ߦࠃࠆᮨᡆ᝼ᬺ࡮ࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ㧕

㧟㧕ᢎຬߣቇ↢ߩ㑆ߦ߅ߎࠅ߇ߜߥ໧㗴߳ߩኻᔕᣇᴺߣ૶↪ߔࠆ⧷⺆⴫⃻ߩ⠌ᓧޕ

૶↪࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧦ਛ੗ବ᮸✬ޡᄢቇᢎຬߩߚ߼ߩᢎቶ⧷⺆⴫⃻300ޢ㧔2008㧕

ޟ⧷⺆ജࡉ࡜࠶ࠪࡘࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ޠ²㧔2011ᐕ2᦬21㨪24ᣣ㧕 㐿௅႐ᚲ㧦㊄ᴛᄢቇ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ♽࿑ᦠ㙚AVࡎ࡯࡞

⻠Ꮷ㧦Andrew Creamer 㧔࠲ࡈ࠷ᄢቇ࿖㓙ࡉ࡝࠶ࠫࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓቇⴚࠦ࡯࠺ࠖࡀ࡯࠲࡯㧕

ෳട⠪㧦㊄ᴛᄢቇᢎຬ1㧠ฬ 㧔ක⮎଻ஜ⎇ⓥၞ5ฬޔℂᎿ⎇ⓥၞ3ฬޔੱ㑆␠ળ⎇ⓥ

ၞ 1ฬޔᄖ࿖⺆ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯2ฬޔ⇐ቇ↢࠮ࡦ࠲࡯1ฬޔቇ㓙⑼ቇታ㛎࠮

ࡦ࠲࡯1ฬޔઃዻ㜞╬ቇᩞ1ฬ㧕㧔ඦ೨ߩㇱ8ฬޔඦᓟߩㇱ6ฬ㧕 ⎇ୃᒻᘒ㧦ࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊᒻᑼ

૶↪⸒⺆㧦⧷⺆

⎇ୃᤨ㑆㧦ඦ೨߹ߚߪඦᓟ4ᣣ㑆㧔12ᤨ㑆㧕

ౝኈ㧦 㧝㧕᝼ᬺࡕ࠺࡞߿᝼ᬺᣇᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߩឭଏ㧔ෳ⠨ߦߢ߈ࠆࠨࠗ࠻⹦⚦ߥߤ㧕 㧞㧕⧷⺆ߦࠃࠆ᝼ᬺㆇ༡

ಽ߆ࠅ߿ߔ޿ࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ㧔᝼ᬺ⋡ᮡޔ೔㆐⋡ᮡޔ⹏ଔၮḰ㧕ߩᦠ߈ᣇ

᝼ᬺ⋡ᮡߦᴪߞߚࠕࠢ࠹ࠖࡆ࠹ࠖ࡯߿⺖㗴ߩ಴ߒᣇߣᚑ❣⹏ଔ ᄙ᭽ߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦᚻᲑࠍᗧ⼂ߒޔߘࠇࠄࠍ↪޿ߚ᝼ᬺᣇᴺ

ෳട⠪ߦࠃࠆᮨᡆ᝼ᬺ࡮ࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ

㧟㧕ቇ↢ਛᔃߩ᝼ᬺᴺ

ቇ↢߇ਥ૕⊛ޔ⥄ᓞ⊛ޔද௛⊛ߦቇ߱ߚ߼ߩ᝼ᬺᒻᘒ߿ᵴേ

ቇ↢ਛᔃߩ᝼ᬺߦ߅ߌࠆቇ⠌⠪ߩ⹏ଔޔᢎຬߩ⹏ଔ

ޟࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ⧷⺆ᢎ᝼ᴺ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ޠ(2009ᐕ3᦬23ᣣ㨪27ᣣ) 㧔English For Academic Purposes³ Teacher Development Course㧕 㐿௅႐ᚲ㧦⧷࿖ࡂ࡝ࠛ࠶࠻ࡢ࠶࠻ᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ቶ

⻠Ꮷ㧦Olwyn Alexander㧔หᄢቇEnglish Foundationࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ ࠺ࠖ࡟ࠢ࠲࡯㧕 Sue Argent㧔หᄢቇSchool of Management and Languages EAPᢎᏧ㧕 Jenifer Spencer㧔หᄢቇ School of Management and Languages EAPᢎᏧ㧕

ෳട⠪㧦ᄢቇ࡮⧷⺆ቇᩞ ⧷⺆ᜂᒰᢎຬ20ฬ㧔⧷⺆Უ⺆⹤⠪17ฬޔ㕖Უ⺆⹤⠪3ฬ㧕

⎇ୃᒻᘒ㧦࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ޔࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊᒻᑼ

૶↪⸒⺆㧦⧷⺆

⎇ୃᤨ㑆㧦5ᣣ㑆35ᤨ㑆㧔⻠Ꮷߣ⋧⺣ߢ߈ࠆ⥄⠌ᤨ㑆ࠍ฽߻㧕

⎇ୃౝኈ㧦

㧝㧕ࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ⧷⺆ᢎ᝼ᴺ ৻⥸⧷⺆ᢎ⢒ߣߩ㆑޿

EAPࠬࠠ࡞㧔Reading, Writing, Listening&Speaking㧕ߩᢎ߃ᣇ

2 ╩⠪ߪߎߩ⎇ୃߩᦨೋߩ2ᣣ㑆ߩߺෳടߒߚޕᓟඨ2ᣣ㑆ߦߟ޿ߡߪㅍઃߐࠇߚ⾗ᢱ࡮

ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ޔઁߩෳട⠪ࠃࠅᓧߚᖱႎߦࠃࠆޕ

3 English For Academic PurposesߪએਅEAPߣ⴫⸥ߔࠆޕ

EAPࠦ࡯ࠬߩ⚵ߺ┙ߡᣇ 㧞㧕ࠢ࡝࠹ࠖࠞ࡞࡮ࠪࡦࠠࡦࠣߩᢎ߃ᣇ 㧟㧕ቇ⠌⠪ߩ⥄ᓞᕈࠍߚ߆߼ࠆᵴേ

૶↪࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧦Alexander, Argent, Spencer⪺ EAP Essentials㧔2008㧕

ޟ⧷⺆⻠⟵ᴺ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ޠ㧔2007ᐕ4᦬2ᣣ㨪5ᣣ㧕㧔Lecturing in English㧕 㐿௅႐ᚲ㧦⧷࿖ࠛࠫࡦࡃ࡜ᄢቇᔕ↪⸒⺆ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ㧔⃻⧷⺆ᢎ⢒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕 ⻠Ꮷ㧦Tonny Lynch 㧔ࠛࠫࡦࡃ࡜ᄢቇᔕ↪⸒⺆ቇ⎇ⓥᚲSenior Lecturer㧕

ෳട⠪㧦⧷⺆㕖Უ⺆⹤⠪ᄢቇ⧷⺆ᢎຬ࡮ኾ㐷⺖⒟ᢎຬ14ฬ

⎇ୃᒻᘒ㧦ࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊᒻᑼ

૶↪⸒⺆㧦⧷⺆

⎇ୃᤨ㑆㧦4ᣣ㑆㧔18ᤨ㑆㧕

⎇ୃౝኈ㧦⧷⺆⻠⟵ᴺޔ⧷⺆ㆇ↪⢻ജะ਄

⻠⟵ࠬࡇ࡯࠼࡮૶↪↪⺆࡮ჿ㊂࡮ᆫ൓࡮⴫ᖱ ലᨐ⊛ߥ⻠⟵ߩ⚵ߺ┙ߡᣇޔᨒ⚵ߺߩ␜ߒᣇ

ᄙ᭽ߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦᚻᲑࠍ↪޿ߚ⻠⟵ߩߒ߆ߚ ⻠⟵ౝኈߩቯ⌕ࠍߪ߆ࠆᵴേ

ෳട⠪ߦࠃࠆᮨᡆ⻠⟵ ⻠Ꮷ࡮ෳട⠪࡮ቇ↢ߦࠃࠆࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ

1.2ฦ⎇ୃౝኈߩὶὐ

ߘࠇߙࠇߩ⎇ୃߢߪޔὶὐߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆౝኈ߇ዋߒߕߟ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢޔߎߎߢߪਛ ᔃ⊛ߦᛒࠊࠇߡ޿ߚౝኈߦߟ޿ߡ⎇ୃߏߣߦ⺑᣿ߔࠆޕ

ޟ⧷⺆FD⎇ୃޠ㧔㊄ᴛᄢቇ࡮ࠕ࡞ࠢ㧕

ߎߩ⎇ୃߢߪޔ⧷⺆ߢ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁ᤨߦ߅ߎࠅ߇ߜߥᢎᢎຬ࡮ቇ↢㑆ߩ໧㗴ߣߘߩ⸃᳿ᣇᴺ ߦὶὐ߇ᒰߡࠄࠇߡ޿ߚޕᢎຬߣቇ↢ߩ㑆ߢ߅߈߿ߔ޿࠻࡜ࡉ࡞㧔ߚߣ߃߫⺖㗴ߩᜰ␜ߦ ᓥࠊߥ޿ޔ⹏ଔ߳ߩਇḩޔᢥൻߩ㆑޿ߦࠃࠆ⺋⸃ߥߤ㧕ߦߟ޿ߡޔෳട⠪߇૕㛎߿ᗧ⷗ࠍ

಴ߒวߞߡ᭽ޘߥࠤ࡯ࠬࠍᗐቯߒޔߘࠇߙࠇߩࠤ࡯ࠬߦߤ߁ኻᔕߔࠆ߆⠨߃ߚᓟޔኻᔕ╷

ࠍᢎቶ⧷⺆ߣߒߡߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⴫⃻ߔࠆ߆ޔ߅੕޿ߦ⠨߃ߡޔ⻠Ꮷࠃࠅᷝ೥ࠍฃߌߚޕ߅߅ߎ ࠅᓧࠆ࠻࡜ࡉ࡞ࠍᗐቯߒߡ੍㒐ߔࠆߣ޿߁ၮᧄᆫ൓ࠍ⏕⹺ߒޔࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ⴫⸥ߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߿㗫

❥ߦჿ߆ߌ࡮⏕⹺ࠍⴕ߁੐ߩᔅⷐᕈ߇⹺⼂ߐࠇߚޕ

ޟ⧷⺆ࡉ࡜࠶ࠪࡘࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ޠ

ߎߩ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߢߪޔ⧷⺆ߢ᝼ᬺࠍߔࠆߚ߼ߦෳ⠨ߣߥࠆᢎ⢒ቇ߿ᔃℂቇߩಽ㊁ߩ⎇ⓥᚑ ᨐ߇ޔታ㓙ߩ᝼ᬺታ〣ߣ⚿߮ߟߌࠄࠇߡ⚫੺ߐࠇߚޕᛒࠊࠇߚౝኈߣߒߡߪޔᦌᤒߐࠍឃ

㒰ߒ᣿᣿ᔟߥ⺆ᒵࠍ૶ߞߚ೔㆐⋡ᮡ߿⹏ଔၮḰߩ⧷⺆⴫⸥ᣇᴺ㧔Bloom’s Taxonomy⁴ࠍ૶ߞ ߡ㧕߿ޔቇ⠌⠪ߩᄙᄙ㊀⍮⢻ߦኻᔕߒߚᄙ᭽ߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦᚻᲑ૶↪ߩᗧ⟵㧔Gardner

ߩMultiple Intelligencesℂ⺰⁵ߦࠃࠆ㧕ߣߘࠇࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆᵴേޔ⥄ᓞ⊛࡮ද௛⊛࡮Ⓧᭂ

⊛ߦቇ↢ࠍ᝼ᬺߦෳടߐߖࠆቇቇ↢ਛᔃߩ᝼ᬺᣇᴺ㧔Scaffolding / Cooperative Learning㧕 ߥߤߢ޽ࠆޕߎࠇࠄߩ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߪޔᢎ⢒߿⹺⍮⑼ቇࠍ⎇ⓥߔࠆᢎຬߦߪࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ߇ޔઁߩኾ㐷ಽ㊁ߩᢎຬߦߪᔅߕߒ߽⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߩߢޔ᝼ᬺㆇ༡ߦ㑐ߔࠆ FD ߣߒߡߪޔ᝼ᬺታ〣ߣℂ⺰ࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߡቇ߱ߎߣߪ᦭ᗧ⟵ߢ޽ߞߚޕ⻠Ꮷߪࠕࡔ࡝

ࠞߩᄢቇߢ⇐ቇ↢ࠍᢎ߃ࠆ઀੐߿᝼ᬺㆇ༡ߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎຬ⎇ୃࠍᜂᒰߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢޔ⎇ୃ⥄

૕ߪ․ߦᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆ⁁ᴫ߿⃻⁁ߦଐ᜚ߒߚ߽ߩߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ߇ޔᢎ᝼ᴺ╬ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ

ෳ⠨ᢥ₂߿࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ߩᖱႎ߇లታߒߡ߅ࠅޔෳട⠪߇⎇ୃᓟ߽⥄ᓞ⊛ߦቇ߮ߥ߇ࠄ⥄

ಽ㧔߿ห௥㧕ߩ⧷⺆᝼ᬺߩ⾰ࠍะ਄ߢ߈ࠆ㈩ᘦ߇޽ߞߚޕ

ޟࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ⧷⺆ᢎ᝼ᴺ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ޠ

ߎߩ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߢߪޔ㕖Უ⺆⹤⠪ߩ⇐ቇ↢ߦലല₸⊛ߦࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ⧷⺆ࠍ⠌ᓧߐߖࠆᣇᴺ ߦὶὐ߇⟎߆ࠇߡ޿ߚޕ⻠Ꮷ߇⧷⺆࿤ߩᄢቇߩ⇐ቇ↢ߦ⧷⺆ࠍᢎ߃ࠆㇱ⟑ߢᓧߚ⍮⷗ࠍర ߦ⎇ୃࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆὐ߇ޟ⧷⺆ࡉ࡜࠶ࠪࡘࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ޠߣૃߡ߅ࠅޔෳട

⠪߽Უ⺆⹤⠪߇ᄙ߆ߞߚޕౝኈߣߒߡߪޔ⇐ቇ↢ߩᄙߊ߇࿷☋ߔࠆᄢቇ㒮ߩ᝼ᬺߦ߅޿ߡޔ

․ߦᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆ࡝࡝࡯࠺ࠖࡦࠣߣ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣࠬࠠ࡞ࠍ⍴ᦼ㑆ߦะ਄ߐߖࠆߚ߼ߩᵴേ

߿ޔࡕࡕ࠺࡞㧔⷗ᧄ㧕ߩ૶↪ߦࠃࠅ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆᚑᨐࠍ಴ߖࠆࠃ߁ߦޔቇ↢ࠍᜰዉߔࠆᣇᴺ߇ ឭ␜ߐࠇߚ⁶ޕࠢ࡝࠹ࠖࠞ࡞࡮ࠪࡦࠠࡦࠣ߿ቇ↢ߩ⥄ᓞᕈࠍ㜞߼ࠆᵴേ߽ᛒࠊࠇߚ߇ޔਛᔃ ߣߥߞߚߩߪᣢߦᄢቇ㒮ߥߤߢⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ᝼ᬺߦ߅޿ߡޔ৻ቯߩᚑ❣߇ᱷߖࠆࠃ߁ߦቇ

↢ࠍᜰዉߔࠆᣇᴺߢ޽ߞߚޕ

ޟ⧷⺆⻠⟵ᴺ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ޠ

ߎߩ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ߢߪޔ⧷⺆ߢ⻠⟵ߔࠆߚ߼ߩౕ૕⊛ߥᣇᴺߦὶὐ߇ᒰߡࠄࠇߡ޿ߚޕ㕖Უ

4Bloom’s Taxonomyߦߟ޿ߡߪએਅߩ㧞ߟߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻߇⚫੺ߐࠇߚޕ

http://www.coun.uvic.ca/learning/exams/blooms-taxonomy.html http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/cogsys/bloom.html

ߎߩ⎇ୃߢߪਥߦ೔㆐⋡ᮡߥߤߦ૶߃ࠆ⺆ᒵࡃࡦࠢߣߒߡߩ᦭ലᕈ߇ᒝ⺞ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ߇ޔ

⍮⊛ᵴേࠍ࡟ࡌ࡞ಽߌߒߡ೔㆐⋡ᮡߩ㔍ᤃᐲ߿⊒ዷᐲࠍ⠨߃ࠆߦߪޔUniversity of South

Floridaߩ ᰴߩࠨࠗ࠻߽ෳᾖߢ߈ࠆޕ

http://www.c21te.usf.edu/materials/institute/ct/index6.html

5Multiple Intelligencesߦߟ޿ߡߪએਅߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻߇⎇ୃߢߪ⚫੺ߐࠇߚޕ

http://www.howardgardner.com/ 㧔ߎߩℂ⺰ߩឭ໒⠪ࠟ࡯࠼࠽࡯ᢎ᝼ߩࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕 http://www.teachers.tv/videos/howard-gardner-future-minds ᧂ᧪߳ߩᢎ⢒

6 ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ૶ߞߚ࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߩ᝼ᬺߦߟ޿ߡߪޔޟ⧷⺆ㇱࡉ࡜࠶ࠪࡘࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ޠߢ

߽ᛒࠊࠇޔࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼ᄢቇDerek Bok Center for Teaching and Learning೽࠺ࠖ࡟ࠢ࠲࡯

ߩleMayߩએਅߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻߇⚫੺ߐࠇߚޕ

http://www.bgsu.edu/cconline/lemayEandE/emulationandexcellence.html

⺆⹤⠪ᢎຬ߇ਥߦ㕖Უ⺆⹤⠪ߩ⇐ቇ↢ߦኻߒߡⴕ߁᝼ᬺࠍᗐቯߒߡ޿ߚὐߢޔޟ⧷⺆FD⎇

ୃޠߣૃߡ޿ࠆޕ⻠⟵ᣇᴺߦ․ൻߒߚ⎇ୃߥߩߢޔࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ૞ᚑ߿ቇ↢ਛᔃ᝼ᬺߢߩᵴേ

ߩ⚫੺ߪߥߊޔჿჿߩ಴ߒᣇ߿⹤ߔࠬࡇ࡯࠼ޔቇቇ↢ߣߩା㗬㑐ଥߩ᭴▽ޔࡆࡆࠫࡘࠕ࡞ߩ૶޿

ᣇ߿᝼ᬺ⋡⋡⊛ߩឭ␜࡮⏕⹺ߥߤ߇ᛒࠊࠇߚޕᮨᡆ᝼ᬺߦߪᢎຬߩ೨ߢߩ࡝ࡂ࡯ࠨ࡞㧔㍳㖸㧕ޔ

ෳട⠪࡮৻⥸ቇ↢࡮⻠Ꮷߩ೨ߢߩᧄ⇟ߣࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢޔ⻠Ꮷߦࠃࠆ୘೎ࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ

ߣޔᄙߊߩᤨ㑆߇ߐ߆ࠇߡ޿ߚޕ

1.3.1⎇ୃౝኈߩ౒ㅢὐޣ⎇ୃᒻᘒޤ

਄⸥ߩ⎇ୃߪߔߴߡࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊᒻᑼߢⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߚߩߢޔෳട⠪߇ਥ૕⊛ߦ⎇ୃߦ

ෳടߢ߈ࠆᵴേࠍߣ߅ߒߡޔ߅੕޿ߩ⚻㛎߿⠨߃ࠍ౒᦭ߒߟߟޔታ〣⊛ߦ⧷⺆ߦࠃࠆ᝼ᬺ

ߩℂ⸃ࠍᷓ߼ߡࠁߊޔߣ޿߁౒ㅢὐ߇޽ߞߚޕ

1.3.2⎇ୃߩ౒ㅢὐޣಽ߆ࠅ߿ߔߊ᣿␜⊛ߥ⺑᣿߿ᜰ␜࡮⺰ℂ⊛ᨒ⚵ߺߩᔅⷐᕈޤ

ߔߴߡߩ⎇ୃߦ߅޿ߡޔ᣿␜⊛ߢಽ߆ࠅ߿ߔ޿⴫⃻ࠍ↪޿ߚᜰ␜߿⺑᣿ߩᔅⷐᕈ߿ޔ᝼ᬺ

߿⺑᣿ࠍ⺰ℂ⊛ᨒ⚵ߺߦᴪߞߡⴕ߁੐ߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߇ขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ߚޕ

଀ߣߒߡߪޔࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ⁷ߩ⸥タ੐㗄߿⸥タᣇᴺޔ᝼ᬺ㐿ᆎᤨߦ␜ߔ೔㆐⋡ᮡߩ⴫⸥ߥߤ߇ ขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߚޕߘߩ㓙ޔࠦ࡯ࠬ߿᝼ᬺ⚳ੌᤨߦߘࠇߙࠇߩ೔㆐⋡ᮡࠍޔቇ↢࡮ᢎຬߣ߽

ቴⷰ⊛ߦߪ߆ࠇࠆᢥ⸒ࠍ૶ߞߡ⴫⸥ߔࠆߎߣ⁸ߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߇ᒝ⺞ߐࠇߚޕ

߹ߚޔ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁႐วߦߪޔߘߩࠦ࡯ࠬ࡮ߘߩᣣߩ᝼ᬺߩో૕⊛ᨒ⚵ߺ㧔ࠕ࠙࠻࡜ࠗࡦ㧕 ࠍ߹ߕឭ␜ߒޔ᝼ᬺਛߪ㗫❥ߦߘߩᨒ⚵ߺߩߤߩㇱಽࠍขࠅ਄ߍߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ⶄᢙߩᣇᴺߢ 㧔ญ㗡࡮ࡂࡦ࠼ࠕ࠙࠻ߢߩឭ␜࡮ࡄࡢ࡯ࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߩ↹㕙਄ㇱߢߩឭ␜ߥߤ㧕᣿␜ߔࠆߎߣޔ

೎ߩ㗄⋡ߦ⒖ࠆ೨ߦߪޔቇ↢ߩℂ⸃ࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆᤨ㑆߿ቇ↢߇⾰໧ߔࠆᤨ㑆ࠍ߽߁ߌࠆ੐ޔ ߥߤߩᵈᗧὐ߇޽ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ߚޕ

1.3.3 ⎇ୃߩ౒ㅢὐޣᄙ᭽ߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦᚻᲑޔᄙ㊀⍮⢻ࠍᗧ⼂ߒߚ᝼ᬺޤ

޿ߕࠇߩ⎇ୃߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔᄙ᭽ߥቇ↢ߦኻᔕߔࠆߚ߼ߦޔᄙ᭽ߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦᚻ Ბࠍ↪޿ߡ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁੐ߩᔅⷐᕈ߇ᒝ⺞ߐࠇߡ޿ߚޕ

⧷⺆ߩ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁ᤨߦޔᢎຬߪ⥄ಽ߇ߘࠇ߹ߢᲣ⺆ߢⴕߞߡ߈ߚ᝼ᬺࠍ⧷⺆ߦ⟎߈឵߃

7 ߎߎߢ޿߁ࠪ࡜ࡃࠬߣߪޔቇ↢߇ጁୃߩෳ⠨ߦߔࠆ᝼ᬺ᩺ౝߢߪߥߊޔቇᦼߩᆎ߼ߦ㈩ ࠄࠇࠆ᝼ᬺߩ⺑᣿ᦠࠍᜰߒߡ޿ࠆޕᦠ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆౝኈߪޔࠦ࡯ࠬߩ⋡⊛߿೔㆐⋡ᮡޔฦㅳ ߩ᝼ᬺౝኈ߿⺖㗴ឭ಴ᣣ࡮⹜㛎ᣣ╬ߩ⹦⚦ޔᚑ❣⹏ଔᣇᴺߩ⺑᣿ޔ᝼ᬺਛߥߤߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇ ࠆᘒᐲ࡮ⴕേޔㆃೞ࡮ᰳᏨ࡮ᜰ␜ߦᓥࠊߥ޿ቇ↢߿ഇ⓯╬ߦኻߔࠆ᝼ᬺࡐ࡝ࠪ࡯ޔ⺖㗴╬

ឭ಴ᣇᴺޔෳ⠨ᢥ₂ߩឭ␜ޔᢎຬߩㅪ⛊వ࡮ㅪ⛊ᣇᴺ╬ߢ޽ࠆޕࠨ࡯࠴ࠛࡦࠫࡦ╬ߢޔ⑼

⋡ฬߣSyllabusߣ޿߁⺆ࠍᬌ⚝ߔࠆߣޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩᄢቇߩ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻╬ߩᖱႎ߇ᓧࠄࠇ

ࠆޕ

8 ߎߎߢޔBloom’s Taxonomyߩ⺆ᒵ߇૶߃ࠆޕߚߣ߃߫ޔunderstand߿learnߣ޿߁ࠃ ߁ߥ⴫⃻ࠃࠅ߽ޔable to explain߿indicate the differenceߥߤߩࠃ߁ߦޔౕ૕⊛ߦ૗ࠍ ߤ߁ޟߢ߈ࠆޠߩ߆ᦠߊޕ

ࠆ੐ࠍ⠨߃߇ߜߛ⁹ޕ㊄ᴛᄢቇߢ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ⎇ୃߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔ⧷⺆ߢᓥ᧪ဳߩ⻠⟵߇ߢ߈ࠆ

⒟ߩ⧷⺆ജࠍᜬߟᢎຬ߇ෳട⠪ߩᄢඨࠍභ߼ߡ߅ࠅޔߘࠇએਅߩ⧷⺆ജߩᢎຬ߇߶ߣࠎߤ

ෳടߒߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ੐߆ࠄ߽ޔ⧷⺆ߢ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦߪޔ⧷⺆ߦࠃࠆᵹᥰߥญ㗡⺑᣿ࠍ ਥߥ᝼ᬺવ㆐ᚻᲑߣ⠨߃ࠆᢎຬߩᆫ߇ᶋ߆߮਄߇ࠆޕ

ߒ߆ߒޔ਄⸥ߩߤߩ⎇ୃߦ߅޿ߡ߽᭽ޘߥᢥൻ࡮⸒⺆࿤߆ࠄ߈ߚቇ↢ߦኻᔕߔࠆߚ߼ߦ ߪޔᓥ᧪ߩ᝼ᬺᣇᴺ⥄૕ࠍ⷗⋥ߒߡޔࠃࠅᄙ᭽ߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦᚻᲑࠍ૶߁ᔅⷐ߇޽

ࠆޔߣ➅ࠅ㄰ߒㅀߴࠄࠇߡ޿ߚޕญ㗡⺑᣿ޔ᧼ᦠޔࡂࡦ࠼ࠕ࠙࠻ޔࡆࠫࡘࠕ࡞㧔ࡄࡢ࡯ࡐ

ࠗࡦ࠻ߥߤ㧕ߣ޿ߞߚᓥ᧪ߩ᝼ᬺᚻᲑࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߡ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁੐ߪ߽ߜࠈࠎޔߘࠇએᄖ ߦ߽ޔવ⛔⊛ߥᢎቶߢߪ޽߹ࠅ૶ࠊࠇߥ޿ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦᚻᲑࠍ㚟૶ߔࠆ੐ߢޔᄙ᭽

ߥቇ↢ߣ᦭ᗧ⟵ߥ㑐ଥࠍ᭴▽ߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁ਥᒛߢ޽ࠆޕ

MIℂ⺰ߣ᝼ᬺㆇ༡

਄⸥ߩਥᒛࠍᦨ߽㗼⪺ߥᒻߢឭ␜ߒߡ޿ߚߩߪޔޟ⧷⺆ࡉ࡜࠶ࠪࡘࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ޠߩ

Creamer⻠Ꮷߢ޽ࠆޕCreamer⻠Ꮷߪޔࡂࡢ࡯࠼࡮ࠟ࡯࠼࠽࡯ߩᄙ㊀⍮⢻ℂ⺰㧔MIℂ⺰㧕

ߢขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧣ߟߩಽ㊁㧔࠼ࡔࠗࡦ㧕ߩ⍮⢻ߦᄢቇߩ᝼ᬺߢ߽௛߈߆ߌࠆߎߣߩ

᦭ലᕈࠍ⺑޿ߚޕࠟ࡯࠼࠽࡯ߩ㧣ߟ࠼ࡔࠗࡦߣߪޔ⸒⺆⊛⍮⢻ޔ⺰ℂ࡮ᢙቇ⊛⍮⢻ޔ㖸ᭉ

⊛⍮⢻ޔり૕ㆇേ⊛⍮⢻ޔⓨ㑆⊛⍮⢻ޔኻੱ࡮ੱ㑆㑐ଥ⊛⍮⢻ޔౝ⋭⊛⍮⢻ߢ޽ࠆ¹⁰߇ޔ

Creamer⻠Ꮷߪታ㓙ߦMIℂ⺰ߦၮߠߊࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻¹¹ߥߤࠍⴕߞߡޔᢎຬ߿ቇ↢ߩᜬߟᄙ

㊀⍮⢻ߩᣇะᕈࠍ⹺⼂ߒޔ᝼ᬺߦ↢߆ߔᣇᴺ߽ឭ᩺ߒߚ¹²ޕ

㧠ߟߩ⎇ୃߩਛߢታ㓙ߦ⸒෸ߐࠇߚޔ߽ߒߊߪ⎇ୃਛߦขࠅ౉ࠇࠄࠇߡ޿ߚᄙ㊀⍮⢻ߦ

⸷߃ࠆᵴേߣߒߡߪޔએਅߩ߽ߩ߇޽ࠆޕ

9 ߘߩࠃ߁ߥ⠨߃ߩߚ߼ߦޔ⧷⺆ߢ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁੐⥄૕ࠍߚ߼ࠄ߁ᢎຬߩᗧ⼂ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ ᄢ⮳㧔2009㧕ࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿ޕ

10Howard Gardner, Frames of Mind—The Theory of Multiple Intelligences(1983) ࠟ࡯࠼࠽࡯ߪ Intelligence Reframed—Multiple Intelligences for the 21^st Century—(1999)ߢඳ‛⊛⍮⢻ࠍઃߌ ട߃ߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔߎߩ⍮⢻ߦߟ޿ߡߪߘࠇએ㒠ߩ⎇ⓥߢߪ޽߹ࠅ⸒෸ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ޕ ㇌⸶ߐࠇ ߡ޿ࠆࠟ࡯࠼࠽࡯ߩ⪺ᦠߣߒߡߪޔ᧻᧛ ᥰ㓉⸶ޡMI:୘ᕈࠍ↢߆ߔᄙ㊀⍮⢻ߩℂ⺰ޢ㧔ᣂᦐ

␠ޔ2001ᐕ㧕ޔ㤥਄᥍ᄦ⸶ޡᄙర⊛⍮⢻ߩ਎⇇̆MIℂ⺰ߩᵴ↪ߣน⢻ᕈޢ㧔ᣣᧄᢥᢎ಴ 

2003ᐕ㧕ߥߤ߇޽ࠆޕ

11 ⎇ୃߢ⚫੺ߐࠇߚࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦ࠹ࠬ࠻ߪએਅߩࠨࠗ࠻ߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ http://literacyworks.org/mi/assessment/findyourstrengths.html

12MIℂ⺰ߦ߽ߣߠߊࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ߩᄢቇ᝼ᬺߢߩᵴ↪ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ᧛੗రޟޡ⧷⺆ߩ⻠⟵ߩ ℂ⸃ജࠍᷓ߼ࠆߚ߼ޢߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߦߟ޿ߡ̆̆MIℂ⺰ࠍᵴ↪ߒߚࠕࡦࠤ࡯࠻ߦၮߠߊ

⺞ᩏႎ๔̆̆ޠޡ౒ᩕᄢቇ⎇ⓥ⺰㓸ޢvol. 6, 155-180(2008)ࠍෳᾖߩߎߣޕ

⧷⺆ቇ⠌ߦMIℂ⺰߿දหቇ⠌ࠍขࠅ౉ࠇߚᵴേ଀ࠍෳᾖߢ߈ࠆᢥ₂ߣߒߡߪޔKagan &

Kagan, Multiple Intelligences:The Complete MI Book㧔1998㧕߇޽ࠆޕ

ᄙ㊀⍮⢻ℂ⺰ߦၮߠ޿ߚᵴേಽ㘃଀

⍮⢻࠼ࡔࠗࡦ ᵴേ

⸒⺆⊛⍮⢻ ࡮⺒߻㧔ᄙ᭽ߥᢥ┨߿ᢥሼࠍ⺒߻ޔ㖸⺒ޔ㤩

⺒ޔベ⺒ޔᢧ⺒㧕

࡮ᦠߊ㧔૞ᢥ࡮⺰ᢥࠍᦠߊޔⷐ⚂ࠍᦠߊޔࡔ ࡕࠍᦠߊޔㅢାᢥࠍᦠߊ㧕

࡮⹤ߔ㧔⺑᣿ߔࠆޔ⾰໧ߔࠆޔ⸛⺰ߔࠆޔ⊒

⴫ߔࠆ㧕

⺰ℂ࡮ᢙቇ⊛⍮⢻ ࡮࿑ᑼൻߔࠆ

࡮ᢙ㊂࡮࠺࡯࠲ࠍ૶ߞߡ⴫⸥ߔࠆ

࡮⺰ℂߩࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ㧔ಽ㘃ޔኻᾖޔ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߥ ߤ㧕ࠍឭ␜ߔࠆޔ⹺⼂ߔࠆ

㖸ᭉ⊛⍮⢻ ࡮ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ㖸Ḯ߿㖸ࠍ᝼ᬺߦขࠅ౉ࠇࠆ

࡮ࠗࡦ࠻ࡀ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࡮⊒㖸ߥߤࠍᗧ⼂ߐߖࠆ

࡮᱌߿ࡔࡠ࠺ࠖ࡯ࠍ⡞ߊޔ᱌߁

り૕࡮ㆇേ⊛⍮⢻ ࡮ᜰవ߿૕ࠍ૶ߞߚ૞ᬺ߿ᵴേࠍ౉ࠇࠆ

࡮๭ๆ߿⋡ߩേ߈࡮૕ߩ৻ㇱߥߤࠍᗧ⼂ߐߖ ࠆᵴേࠍขࠅ౉ࠇࠆ

࡮േ߈ߩ޽ࠆࡠ࡯࡞ࡊ࡟ࠗ߿഍ߩⷐ⚛ࠍ૶ߞ ߚᵴേࠍขࠅ౉ࠇࠆ

ⓨ㑆⊛⍮⢻¹³ ࡮ᢎຬ࡮ቇ↢ߣ߽ᢎቶߩਛࠍ⒖േߔࠆ

࡮᧍߿ࠗࠬߩ࡟ࠗࠕ࠙࠻ࠍᄌ߃ࠆ

࡮⦡ߩߟ޿ߚ⚕߿ࡂࡦ࠼ࠕ࠙࠻ࠍ૶߁

࡮᝼ᬺ߿ᢎቶࠍᛒ߁ౝኈߦࠃߞߡࠞ࡜࡯ࠦ࡯

࠺ࠖࡀ࡯࠻ߔࠆ

࡮ࡑࠗࡦ࠼ࡑ࠶ࡊ࡮ࠗ࡜ࠬ࠻࡮⛗࡮┙૕ߥߤ ࠍ᝼ᬺߦขࠅ౉ࠇࠆ

࡮↹௝࡮ᤋ௝࡮౮⌀ߥߤࠍขࠅ౉ࠇࠆ ኻੱ࡮ੱ㑆㑐ଥ⍮⢻ ࡮ࡍࠕ/ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ࡮ࡢ࡯ࠢ

࡮ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻

࡮᝼ᬺౝᄖߢቇ↢ห჻߇ഥߌวߞߡቇ⠌ߔࠆ

ࠬ࠲࠺ࠖ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ

࡮ቇౝᄖߩઁߩੱߣߩ੤ᵹࠍ⋓ࠅㄟࠎߛᵴേ

࡮᜿ᜦ࡮ળ⹤

13 ⷞⷡ⊛⍮⢻ࠍ฽߻

ౝ᡽⊛⍮⢻ ࡮ቇ⠌ࡐ࡯࠻ࡈࠜ࡝ࠝ

࡮߰ࠅ㄰ࠅࡁ࡯࠻

࡮ࡒ࠾࠶࠷࡮ࡍ࡯ࡄ࡯

ߎࠇࠄߩᄙ㊀⍮⢻ߦ⸷߃ࠆᵴേߦࠃߞߡޔᄙ᭽ߥቇ↢ߦኻᔕߔࠆ੐߇น⢻ߦߥࠆߛߌߢ ߥߊޔᢎቶ߇ࠃࠅᗐ௝ജߦḩߜߚⓨ㑆ߦߥࠆ੐ߦࠃࠅޔ⃻ઍ␠ળߢ᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆࠗࡁࡌ

࡯࡚ࠪࡦഃㅧ⢻ജࠍⓍᭂ⊛ߦ㙃ᚑߔࠆᵴേߩ႐ߣߒߡߩ᝼ᬺߩᓎഀ߽ᗧ⼂ߢ߈ࠆޕ

1.3.4⎇ୃౝኈߩ౒ㅢὐޣᢎຬߩ⧷⺆ޤ

ᢎຬߩ⧷⺆⢻ജߦߟ޿ߡߪޔߤߩ⎇ୃߢ߽ขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߚ߇ޔߘࠇ߇⋥ធౕ૕⊛ߦ⸒෸

ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ⎇ୃߪޔޟ⧷⺆FD⎇ୃޠߣޟ⧷⺆⻠⟵ᴺ⎇ୃޠߢ޽ߞߚޕਔ⎇ୃߦ߅޿ߡᒝ⺞

ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ੐ߪޔ⧷⺆ࠍᲣ⺆⹤⠪ߩࠃ߁ߦ⹤ߔᔅⷐ߇ߥ޿ޔߣ޿߁ὐߢ޽ࠆޕ․ߦޟ⧷⺆

⻠⟵ᴺ⎇ୃޠߦ߅޿ߡߪޔ⇐ቇ↢߳ߩ⻠⟵ߩ႐วޔ࿖㓙ቇળߢߩญ㗡⊒⴫ࠃࠅ߆ߥࠅㆃ޿

ࠬࡇ࡯࠼ߢ⹤ߔߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿ޔߣㅀߴࠄࠇߡ޿ߚޕቇ↢ߪޔߘߩಽ㊁ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪߿ኾ㐷ኅ ߇㓸߹ࠆቇળߩෳട⠪ࠃࠅ߽ޔ৻⥸⊛ߦ᝼ᬺౝኈߦኻߔࠆℂ⸃ജ߇ഠߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ ࠆߩߢޔᒰὼߣ⸒߃߫ᒰὼߣ޿߃ࠆޕᢎຬߩỴ⥠߿ኻ⽎ቇ↢ߩቇᐕ࡮࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߽ࠃࠆ߇ޔ

޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥಽ㊁ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪߇㓸߹ࠆቇળߢߩ⊒⴫߿ޔหᤨㅢ⸶ࠍ੺ߒߡࠬࡇ࡯࠴ࠍⴕ߁႐วޔ

1ಽ㑆ߦ100㧙120⺆ߊࠄ޿߇ࠃ޿ߣߔࠆ⎇ⓥ⚿ᨐ߇޽ࠆߩߢ¹⁴ޔ㕖Უ⺆⹤⠪ࠍ฽߼ߚ⇐ቇ

↢ߦ⻠⟵╬ߔࠆ႐วߪޔᣧߊߡ߽1ಽ㑆ߦ 100⺆ߦዯ߆ߥ޿ߊࠄ޿ߩㅦᐲ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿ߣޔ

╩⠪ߪ⠨߃ࠆޕߟ߹ࠅޔ৻⥸⊛ߥᲣ⺆⹤⠪ߩඨಽ⒟ᐲߩㅦᐲߢ⹤ߖ߫ࠃ޿ߣ޿߁੐ߢ޽ࠆޕ ޟ⧷⺆⻠⟵ᴺ⎇ୃޠߢߪޔ᝼ᬺߢ૶↪ߔࠆ↪⺆߇ኾ㐷⊛ߥ߽ߩ߿৻ㇱߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩ㑆ߥߤ ߛߌߢ૶ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩࠍᄙ↪ߔࠆߎߣߩෂ㒾ᕈ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇޔ⻠⟵ࠬࠢ࡝ࡊ࠻ࠍ੐೨ߦ↪

ᗧߔࠆ႐วߪޔ․ߦᦠ߈⸒⪲ߩ⴫⃻߇ᄙߊߥࠆߩߢޔࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߩ↪⺆࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢࠍ߆ߌ ߡޔ㔍ᤃᐲ߇㜞ߔ߉ࠆ႐วߪᦠ߈⋥ߔߎߣ߽ឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ¹⁵ޕ

14 ⹤ߔㅦᐲߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߣߒߡߪޔᄖ࿖⺆ᢎ⢒ߩಽ㊁ߢߪ࡜ࠫࠝߩ⊒⹤ㅦᐲࠍ⺞ߴߚ

Pimsleurઁߩ⎇ⓥ㧔1977㧕ޔߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ႐㕙㧔ળ⹤ޔ⻠⟵ޔࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ޔ࡜ࠫࠝߩࡕࡁ

ࡠ࡯ࠣ㧕ߢ૶ࠊࠇࠆࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ⧷⺆ࠍಽᨆߒߚTauzora & Allison(1990)ߩ⎇ⓥޔ ⧷⺆࿤ߩ ߘࠇߙࠇߩ࿾ၞߩᐔဋㅦᐲࠍᲧセߒߚDorothy & Leeߩ⎇ⓥ㧔2009㧕ߥߤ߇޽ࠆޕDorythy

& Leeߦࠃࠆߣޔ⧷⺆Უ⺆⹤⠪ߪޔ৻ಽ㑆ߦᐔဋ250㨪300ࠪ࡜ࡉ࡞ߩㅦߐߢ⹤ߒߡ޿ࠆ

ߣ޿߁੐ߢ޽ࠆޕળ⹤߆ᄢቇߩ⻠⟵߆ߥߤ⹤ߐࠇࠆౝኈߢޔᐔဋ㖸▵ᢙߪᄌࠊࠆߣᕁࠊࠇ ࠆ߇ޔ৻ಽ㑆ߦᐔဋ1.5ࠪ࡜ࡉ࡞ߢ⹤ߒߚߣߒߡޔ160㧙200⺆ߣ޿߁੐ߦߥࠆޕ

ቇળߢߩ⊒⴫ߩߒ߆ߚ߿ㅦᐲࠍᜰዉߒߡ޿ࠆࠨࠗ࠻ࠍ⺞ߴࠆߦߪޔࠨ࡯࠴ࠛࡦࠫࡦߢ

speech rate word per minuteߥߤߣᬌ⚝ߔࠇ߫ᄢቇߩࠨࠗ࠻߿ቇળߩࠨࠗ࠻ߩᖱႎ߇

ᓧࠄࠇࠆޕหᤨㅢ⸶ߩࠬࡇ࡯࠼ߦߟ޿ߡߪhttp://www.jostrans.org/issue13/art_li.php ࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿ޕ

15 ⺆ᒵ࡟ࡌ࡞ࠍ⺞ߴࠆ࠷࡯࡞ߦߪ⒳ޘ޽ࠆ߇ޔᢎຬ߇૶޿߇ߜߥࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ⧷⺆ࠍࡂࠗ

࡜ࠗ࠻ߔࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡߪޔࡁ࠶࠹ࠖࡦࠟࡓᄢቇߩቇⴚන⺆ࠨࠗ࠻Academic Vocabulary http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/~alzsh3/acvocab/links.htm ߩThe AWL Highlighter߇޽

ࠆޕᣣᧄߩ⺆ᒵ㔍ᤃᐲ⸃ᨆࠨࠗ࠻ߣߒߡߪJACET 8000 Level Checker

1.3.5⎇ୃౝኈߩ౒ㅢὐޣቇ⠌ቯ⌕₸ࠍᗧ⼂ߒߚ᝼ᬺዷ㐿ޤ

੹࿁ขࠅ਄ߍࠆ4ߟߩ⎇ୃߦ㒢ࠄߕޔ᝼ᬺᴺᡷༀࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊ߿ᢎຬ⎇

ୃߢ➅ࠅ㄰ߒขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇࠆߩ߇ޔᵴേߏߣߩቇ⠌ቯ⌕₸ࠍ␜ߒߚࡇ࡜ࡒ࠶࠼ဳߩਅ⴫

㧔Learning Pyramid¹⁶㧕ߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߎߩࡇ࡜ࡒ࠶࠼ߩ↱᧪ߪߣ߽߆ߊޔߎߩࠃ߁ߦᐢߊᒁ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߪޔ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߎߩ

࿑߇⺑ᓧജߩ޽ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁ޕᧄ⺰ߢߣࠅ޽ߍߚ⎇ୃߢ߽ޔߎߩ࿑߇⚫੺

ߐࠇߡޔ᝼ᬺߦ߅޿ߡᢎຬ߇ᄙ᭽ߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦᚻᲑࠍขࠅ౉ࠇࠆߛߌߢߥߊޔቇ

↢߇ࠃࠅⓍᭂ⊛ߦ᝼ᬺߦෳടߢ߈ࠆᎿᄦ߿ޔද௛⊛૞ᬺࠍߔࠆߎߣߩᗧ⟵߇ᒝ⺞ߐࠇߡ޿

ߚ¹⁷ޕ

http://www.tcp-ip.or.jp/~shim/J8LevelMarker/j8lm.cgi߿Word Level Checker

http://www.someya-net.com/wlc/ ߥߤ߇޽ࠆޕ

16ㅢᏱߎߩࡇ࡜ࡒ࠶࠼ߪޔNational Training Laboratories, Bethel, Mainߣ޿߁ᯏ㑐ߩ⎇

ⓥᚑᨐߣߒߡᄙߊߩᢥ₂߿࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ߦߘߩฬ೨߇޽ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔታ㓙ߦߪ

਄⸥ᯏ㑐ߢᧄᒰߦߘߩࠃ߁ߥ⎇ⓥ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚߩ߆ޔߤߩࠃ߁ߥ࠺࡯࠲߆ࠄߎߩࡇ࡜ࡒ࠶࠼

߇૞ࠄࠇߚߩ߆ߪޔ਄⸥ᯏ㑐ߢ߽ᛠីߢ߈ߡ޿ߥ޿ࠄߒߊޔߎߩࡇ࡜ࡒ࠶࠼߇␜ߔᢙ୯ߪ ᢎ⢒⇇ߩ␹⹤ߣ߽޿߃ࠆޕ㧔Lalley and Miller, The learning pyramid㧦Does it point teachers in the right direction? Education vol.128 no.1 64-79 (Fall 2009)

17 ቇ↢ߦࠃࠆද௛૞ᬺ㧔Cooperative Learning㧕ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⎇ⓥߪޔSlavin, “Cooperative Learning” REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH vol. 50 no. 2 315-342 㧔Summer 1980㧕ޔJohnson, Learning Together and Alone--Cooperative, Competitive, and

Individualistic Learning(1999) ࠕࠢ࠹ࠖࡆ࠹ࠖ࡯ߩࠕࠗ࠺ࠖࠕߦߟ޿ߡߪޔKagan, Lecture 5%

Teaching Others 90%

Practice by Doing 75㧑 Discussing in Group 50%

Demonstration 30㧑 Audio Visual 20%

Reading 10%

1.4⎇ୃౝኈߩ߹ߣ߼

ߎࠇ߹ߢ╩⠪߇ෳടߒߚᢎຬ⎇ୃߩ߁ߜޔ㕖Უ⺆⹤⠪⇐ቇ↢╬ߦ⧷⺆ߢ᝼ᬺࠍߔࠆ⢻ജ ࠍ㜞߼ࠆ⎇ୃߩౝኈߦߟ޿ߡႎ๔ߒߚޕߎࠇࠄߩ⎇ୃߢߪޔ⇐ቇ↢ࠍᄙ᭽ߥᢥൻ⸒⺆⢛᥊ ࠍᜬߟቇ↢ߣᝒ߃ޔ᝼ᬺౝኈ߿ᢎຬߣቇ↢ߩ㑆ߢ໧㗴ߦߥࠅߘ߁ߥὐߦߟ޿ߡߪޔࠪ࡜ࡃ

ࠬ࡮ᢥᦠ╬ߦ᣿␜⊛ߦ⴫⸥ߒߡ໧㗴ࠍ੍㒐ߔࠆߎߣޔᢎຬߪ᝼ᬺߢᄙ᭽ߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯ࠪ

࡚ࡦᚻᲑࠍ૶߁ߎߣޔቇ↢ߦ߽ᄙ᭽ߥᵴേࠍߐߖࠆߎߣޔ⥄ಽ⧷⺆ജߦ⥄ାࠍᜬߞߡࠁߞ ߊࠅ⹤ߔޔ⺰ℂ⊛ᨒ⚵ߺߦᴪߞߡ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁ߎߣޔߥߤ߇➅ࠅ㄰ߒขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ߚޕ ᰴߦޔ╩⠪ߩ᝼ᬺታ〣ߦߎࠇࠄߩὐࠍᾖࠄߒวࠊߖߡ⎇ୃౝኈߩ᦭ലᕈ⠨߃ࠆޕ

2.1╩⠪ᜂᒰߩ⧷⺆᝼ᬺ⑼⋡

ᄢ⮳ߪޔ2000ᐕࠃࠅ⇐ቇ↢ߣᣣᧄੱߩวหࠢ࡜ࠬࠍ㐿⻠ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ2010ᐕᐲߪޔਥߦ

৻ᐕ↢߇ฃ⻠ߔࠆޟ⧷⺆Iޠࠍ6ߟߣޔේೣ⧷⺆Iࠍୃੌߒߚቇ↢߇ฃ⻠ߔࠆޟ⧷⺆IIޠ ࠍ4ߟޔ੤឵⇐ቇ↢߽ฃ⻠ߔࠆޟ⧷⺆IIIޠࠍ3ߟᜂᒰߒߚޕ

ޟ⧷⺆ Iޠߩฃ⻠⠪ߪ߶߷ోຬᣣᧄੱቇ↢ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔࠢ࡜ࠬߦࠃߞߡߪ⇐ቇ↢߇㧝㨪㧞

ฬ޿ߚޕޟ⧷⺆Iޠߩ૶↪⸒⺆ߪᣣᧄ⺆ߣ⧷⺆ߢޔߘߩഀวߪࠢ࡜ࠬߦࠃߞߡ㆑߁߇ޔਥߦ

ᣣᧄ⺆ޔ߹ߚߪᣣᧄ⺆ߣ⧷⺆ਔᣇࠍ૶ߞߡ᝼ᬺࠍⴕߞߚޕ⧷⺆ߩߺߢ᝼ᬺࠍⴕߞߚࠢ࡜ࠬ

ߪߥ޿ޕ

ޟ⧷⺆ IIޠߪ߶߷ోຬᣣᧄੱቇ↢ߩࠢ࡜ࠬࠍ4ߟᜂᒰߒߚޕޟ⧷⺆ IIIޠߪ 60㨪80㧑߇

⇐ቇ↢ߩࠢ࡜ࠬࠍ2ߟޔోຬᣣᧄੱߩࠢ࡜ࠬࠍ㧝ߟᜂᒰߒߚ¹⁸ޕޟ⧷⺆II/IIIޠߩ૶↪⸒⺆

ߪ߶߷⧷⺆ߢ޽ߞߚޕ

ޟ⧷⺆II࡮IIIޠߪኾ㐷⊛ౝኈࠍᛒ߁߽ߩ߽޽ࠅޔߘࠇࠄߪ࿖㓙ቇ㘃ߩኾ㐷⑼⋡ߦ⺒ߺ߆

߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ⍴ᦼ੤឵⇐ቇࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩㆬᛯᔅୃ⑼⋡ߣ߽ߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕࠃߞߡޔ ߎࠇࠄߩ⑼⋡ߢߪᚑ❣⹏ଔߪ⧷⺆ജߛߌߢߪߥߊޔኾ㐷⊛⍮⼂ߩ᦭ή߿⠌ᓧߔߴ߈᭎ᔨ╬

ߩᔕ↪⢻ജߦߟ޿ߡ߽ⴕࠊࠇߚޕ

2.1.2╩⠪ᜂᒰߩ⧷⺆᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߦ߅ߌࠆ᝼ᬺᒻᘒ

ᣣᧄੱቇ↢ߣ⇐ቇ↢ߩഀวߩ޿߆ࠎߦ㑐ࠊࠄߕޔ৻ㇱߩࠢ࡜ࠬࠍ㒰޿ߡޔቇ⠌⠪߇⠌ᓧ ߔߴ߈᭎ᔨ߿ౝኈߪޔ╩⠪߇⻠⟵ߔࠆߣ޿߁ࠃࠅ߽ᢎຬߩ⾰໧ߣࡍࠕ࡮ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࡢ࡯ࠢ㧔ᵴ

േޔ⹤ߒว޿ޔ⊒⴫ߥߤ㧕ࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߡද௛⊛ߦⴕߞߚޕቇ↢߇ⴕ߁ද௛ᵴേߩ଀ߣߒ ߡߪޔએਅߩ߽ߩ߇޽ࠆޕ

࡮ ੍⠌▎ᚲࠍࠬ࠲࠺ࠖ࡯ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢⷐ⚂࡮⺑᣿ߒว߁ޕ

Cooperative Learning㧔1994㧘2007㧕ࠍෳᾖߩߎߣޕ

18ᄢ⮳ߩ᝼ᬺታ〣ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔޟ⇣ᢥൻߣ⴫⃻㧦⇐ቇ↢ߣߩวหࠢ࡜ࠬߩ⹜ߺޠޡ⸒⺆ᢥൻ

⺰ฌޢ7Ꮞ47-58㧔2003㧕ࠍෳᾖߩߎߣޕ

࡮ ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢ੍⠌▎ᚲߩࡂࡦ࠼ࠕ࠙࠻ࠍ૞ᚑߒޔࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍⴕ߁

࡮ ࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍⴕߞߚࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࡔࡦࡃ࡯߇࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ࡝࡯࠳࡯ߦߥ ࠅޔߘࠇߙࠇዊߐߥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦࠍㅴ߼ࠆ

࡮ ᝼ᬺᤨ㑆ᄖ߽ቯᦼ⊛ߦᵴേߔࠆ࠴࡯ࡓ࡮ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍߔࠆ

࡮ ߅੕޿ߩࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߿ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍࡇࠕ⹏ଔߔࠆ

࡮ ᝼ᬺ㐿ᆎᤨߩ੍⠌▎ᚲߩ⏕⹺߿᝼ᬺᤨ㑆⚳ੌᤨߩ⏕⹺ߣߒߡޔߘߩ᝼ᬺߢ⠌ᓧߔ ߴ߈᭎ᔨ߿㗄⋡ࠍࡍࠕ࡮ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢ৻✜ߦ⠨߃ߡ࿑ᑼൻߔࠆ

࡮ ⏕⹺࠹ࠬ࠻ࠍੑੱએ਄ߢ⋧⺣ߒߥ߇ࠄⴕ߁

࡮ ᢎຬ߆ࠄߩ໧޿߆ߌߦߪޔ৻ᐲࡍࠕ࡮ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢ⹤ߒวߞߡ߆ࠄ╵߃ࠆ࡮⊒⴫ߔ ࠆ

࡮ ᛒࠊࠇߚౝኈߦߟ޿ߡߩࡠ࡯࡞ࡊ࡟ࠗࠍߔࠆ

࡮ ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻߿ࠛ࠶࠮ࠗࠍ߅੕޿ߦ⺒ߺ޽ߞߡࠦࡔࡦ࠻ߔࠆ

╩⠪ߩ᝼ᬺ߇ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᒻᘒߦߥߞߚߩߪޔ⇐ቇ↢ߩᄙ޿ࠢ࡜ࠬ߿ޔ⧷⺆ߩߺߢ᝼ᬺߒ ߡ޿ࠆࠢ࡜ࠬߦ߅޿ߡޔᢎຬ߇ቇ↢ࠍ৻ᢧߦᢎ߃ࠆߎߣ߇㔍ߒ߆ߞߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ৻ੱߕ ߟᵴേߐߖࠃ߁ߣߔࠆߣޔᵴേౝኈࠍో૕ߦ⺑᣿ߒߚᓟޔ૗ᐲ߽૗ᐲ߽୘೎ߦℂ⸃ߢ߈ߡ

޿ߥ޿ቇ↢ߦ⺑᣿ߔࠆᔅⷐ߿ޔቇ↢߇ࠊ߆ߞߡ޿ࠆ߆㗫❥ߦ⏕⹺ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅޔല₸߇ ᖡ߆ߞߚޕද௛⊛૞ᬺߦ߅޿ߡߪޔቇ↢ߚߜ߇߅੕޿ߦᢎ߃޽ߞߚࠅޔㄭ㓞ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦ

⡞޿ߚࠅߔࠆઁޔߎߜࠄ߽ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߏߣߦ࿁ߞߡℂ⸃ᐲࠍ⏕߆߼ࠄࠇࠆߩߢޔߘߩಽᢎຬ

ߩ⽶ᜂߪᷫߞߚ¹⁹ޕ

ᢎຬߩ⽶ᜂᷫ߇ቇ↢ߩቇ߮ࠍᅹߍࠆ⚿ᨐߣߥࠆߩߥࠄ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔද௛ቇ⠌ߪቇ↢ߩ ቇ߮ࠍଦㅴߔࠆ㕙߽޽ࠆޕቇᦼᧃߦᄖ࿖⺆ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߢⴕߞߚቇ↢ߦࠃࠆ᝼ᬺࠕࡦ ࠤ࡯࠻ߢߪޔද௛ᵴേߩᄙ߆ߞߚ⧷⺆ࠢ࡜ࠬߢޟߎߩ᝼ᬺߪ޽ߥߚ߇⋡ᮡߣߒߡ޿ߚ⺆ቇ ജߩะ਄ߦലᨐ⊛ߢߒߚ߆㧫ޠߣ޿߁⾰໧ߦޟߣߡ߽ലᨐ߇޽ߞߚޠߣ╵߃ߚቇ↢ߩഀว ߇㜞߆ߞߚߎߣ߆ࠄޔዋߥߊߣ߽⺆ቇࠢ࡜ࠬߦ߅޿ߡߪޔද௛ᵴേߩലᨐࠍቇ↢߇ታᗵߒ ߡ޿ࠆ੐߇ࠊ߆ࠆޕ

ද௛⊛૞ᬺߪޔ⇐ቇ↢ߣᣣᧄੱቇ↢߇ᷙ࿷ߔࠆࠢ࡜ࠬߢߪޔᢎຬߦߣߞߡ⥄ಽߩᜰ␜߇ ࠁ߈ࠊߚࠅޔቇ↢ߦߣߞߡ߽ቇ⠌౒ห૕ߩᗧ⼂ࠍ㜞߼ࠆߣ޿߁ὐߢޔ᦭ലߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆޕ

⇐ቇ↢ᷙ࿷ࠢ࡜ࠬߩ႐วน⢻ߥ߆߉ࠅޔߘࠇߙࠇߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦᣣᧄੱޔ⧷⺆ࡀࠗ࠹ࠖࡉ࡮

࠾ࠕࡀࠗ࠹ࠖࡉޔ⧷⺆߇޽߹ࠅᓧᗧߢߥ޿⇐ቇ↢ࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆࠃ߁ߦᔃដߌߚޕ

2.2╩⠪ߩ⧷⺆᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߦ߅ߌࠆ໧㗴ὐ

ߎߎߢߪޔ╩⠪ߩ⧷⺆ߦࠃࠆ᝼ᬺ⑼⋡ߢߤߩࠃ߁ߥ໧㗴߇㗫❥ߦ߅ߎߞߡ߅ࠅޔߤߩࠃ ߁ߥኻᔕࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠍޔ਄⸥ߩ⎇ୃౝኈߣᾖࠄߒวࠊߖߥ߇ࠄ⠨߃ࠆޕ

19 ቇ↢ߦද௛૞ᬺࠍⴕࠊߖࠆߦߪޔ⥄ಽߢ⻠⟵ߔࠆએ਄ߦ᝼ᬺ೨ߦ߅ߎߥ߁ᵴേ╬ߩḰ஻

߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆߩߢޔ᝼ᬺᄖߩ⽶ᜂߪჇ߃ߡ޿ࠆߣ߽޿߃ࠆ߇ޔዋߥߊߣ߽᝼ᬺਛߪᢎ߃ࠆ

ੱߣ޿߁ࠃࠅߪޔࡈࠔࠪ࡝࠹࡯࠲࡯ߣߒߡሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆޕ

ᢎຬߩᜰ␜ߩਇᔀᐩ

╩⠪ߩ⧷⺆᝼ᬺࠢ࡜ࠬߢ଀ᐕ໧㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ߚߩ߇ޔ⇐ቇ↢࡮ᣣᧄੱࠍ໧ࠊߕ⺖⺖㗴ߩឭ

಴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆޕᦨೋߩ߁ߜߪ⺖㗴ឭ಴ᣣߩߺࠍᦠ޿ߡ޿ߚ߇ޔߘߩ႐วឭ಴ᣣࠍ ߔ߉ߡ⺖㗴ࠍᜬߞߡߊࠆቇ↢ߦ୘೎ߦኻᔕߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ߞߚޕࠪ࡜ࡃࠬߦ⺖㗴ឭ಴ߩᣣᤨ

㧔ᣣߛߌߢߪߥߊᤨ㑆㧕ޔߘߩᦼ㒢ࠍㆊ߉ߚ႐วᧄ᧪ߩᚑ❣ࠃࠅ৻Ბ㓏⹏ଔࠍਅߍߡណὐߔ ࠆᦼ㒢ޔߘࠇએ㒠ណὐࠍ৻ಾⴕࠊߥ޿ᦨ⚳✦߼ಾࠅᣣᤨߥߤࠍ⸳ቯߒߡ⴫⸥ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃ ࠅޔ୘೎ኻᔕߩઙᢙߪ߶߷ߥߊߥߞߚޕ

ߚߒ߆ߦ⹦⚦ߥࠪ࡜ࡃࠬࠍᦠߊߎߣߪᄙߊߩ࠻࡜ࡉ࡞ߩ੍㒐ߣߥࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ߇ޔߎࠇ ߦߪ߆ߥࠅᤨ㑆߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆޕߘߎߢޔ╩⠪ߪᦨዊ㒢໧㗴ߦߥࠅߘ߁ߥㇱಽߦߟ޿ߡߛߌ ߪ᝼ᬺ㐿ᆎᤨߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦߒߡ޿ࠆޕ⃻࿷╩⠪߇ታ〣ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪޔ⇐ቇ↢ߩ޿ࠆࠢ࡜ࠬ

ߢࠪ࡜ࡃࠬߦ਄⸥ߩࠃ߁ߥ⺖㗴⹏ଔࡐ࡝ࠪ࡯ࠍᦠߊߎߣޔቇ↢ߦᦼᓙߔࠆ᝼ᬺᘒᐲ࡮ᆫ൓

ࠍᦠߊ੐ޔࠊ߆ߞߡ޿ࠆભ⻠ᣣޔ⹜㛎ᣣޔዊ࠹ࠬ࠻ߩᣣࠍ⸥タߔࠆߎߣޔᚑ❣⹏ଔߩഀว

߿ᢎຬߩㅪ⛊వߩ᣿⸥ߥߤߢ޽ࠆޕࠢ࡜ࠬߦࠃߞߡߪޔ೔㆐⋡ᮡࠍౕ૕⊛ߦᦠ޿ߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔ ᄙߊߩ႐ว᝼ᬺ㐿ᆎᤨ߹ߢߦߘߎ߹ߢߪᦠߌߕޔᚑ❣⹏ଔߩ⹦⚦╬ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ⹜㛎೨ߦ ᒰ⹥⹜㛎໧㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆᚑ❣⹏ଔၮḰࠍࡊ࡝ࡦ࠻㈩Ꮣߒߡ޿ࠆࠢ࡜ࠬ߇ᄙ޿ޕ㊄ᴛᄢቇߢ㐿

௅ߐࠇߚ⎇ୃߢߪޔࠪ࡜ࡃࠬߩ߭ߥဳ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ߚߩߢޔߘࠇࠄࠍ೑↪ߔࠇ߫ޔ⹦ߒ޿

ࠪ࡜ࡃࠬߩ૞ᚑ߇Ყセ⊛◲නߦߢ߈ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ

⋑૞࡮ഇ⓯ⴕὑ

ᣣᧄੱࠍ฽߼ޔ․ߦࠕࠫࠕ♽ߩቇ↢ߢ໧㗴ߣߥࠆߩ߇ޔᒁ↪రࠍ᣿⸥ߖߕߦઁੱߩᗧ⷗

߿⠨߃ࠍ࠙ࠚࡉࠨࠗ࠻ߥߤ߆ࠄࠦࡇ࡯࡮ࡍ࡯ࠬ࠻ߒߡ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻╬ࠍឭ಴ߔࠆߥߤߩ⋑⋑૞࡮

ഇ⓯ⴕὑߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩઙߦߟ޿ߡߪޔࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ╬ߦ⸥タߒߡญ㗡ߢቇᦼೋ߼ߦ⺑᣿ߒߡ߽ޔ

࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ឭ಴ᤨߦߪ߶ߣࠎߤᔓࠇࠄࠇߡߒ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢޔ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ឭ಴೨ߦౣᐲ⺑᣿ߒ ߚࠅޔ⦟޿଀ߣᖡ޿଀ߩ⷗ᧄࠍ␜ߒߚࠅߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕFߩ╵᩺ߩഇ⓯▎ᚲࠍࡑ࡯ࠢߒ ߡ޽ࠆࡕ࠺࡞ߥߤࠍ␜ߔߣ⺑ᓧജ߇޽ࠆޕ

ᚑ❣⹏ଔߦኻߔࠆਇḩ

ᚑ❣⹏ଔߦኻߔࠆਇḩߪޔ⇐ቇ↢ߩ಴りᩞߢߩᚑ❣⹏ଔߣ߽㑐ଥߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢޔߘߩὐ ߦߟ޿ߡߪᓟㅀߒޔߎߎߢߪᚑ❣ߩߟߌᣇ߇ࠃߊ⺑᣿ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߚ߼ߦ߅ߎࠆ໧㗴ࠍข ࠅ਄ߍࠆޕ૗ࠍ⹏ଔߒޔ૗ࠍ⹏ଔߒߥ޿ߩ߆ޔߣ޿߁⺑᣿ߪ߻ߕ߆ߒ޿ߩߢޔࠪ࡜ࡃࠬߩ

೔㆐⋡ᮡࠍቴⷰ⊛ߦߪ߆ࠇࠆౝኈߦߔࠆޔ߹ߚ⹏ଔၮḰ⴫ࠍ㈩Ꮣߒߡቇ↢ߩᚑ❣߇ߘߩߤ ߎߦ૏⟎ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆᣿␜ߔࠆޔߣ޿߁ޟ⧷⺆ㇱ࡜࠶ࠪࡘࠕ࠶ࡊ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ޠߢߩ Creamer

⻠Ꮷߩឭ᩺ߪ⊛ࠍᓧߡ޿ࠆޕ

╩⠪ߪోຬಽߩਛ㑆⹜㛎ߩណὐᷣߺ╵᩺ࠍฬ೨ㇱಽࠍಾࠅขߞߡࡐ࡯࠲࡞਄ߦឝタߒߚ

੐߇޽ࠅޔߎࠇߪಽ߆ࠅ߿ߔ޿ߣᅢ⹏ߛߞߚ߇ޔᄢᄌᚻ㑆߇߆߆ࠆߩߢޔᦨㄭߪᐕᐲߦࠃ

ߞߡᚑ❣೎ߩ╵᩺଀ࠍ㈩ߞߚࠅޔណὐၮḰ⴫ࠍ㈩ߞߚࠅߒߡ޿ࠆ²⁰ޕ⇐ቇ↢ߩਛߦߪᤓᐕ ᐲߏࠈ߆ࠄ SABCFޔߘࠇߙࠇߩᚑ❣⹏ଔࠍฃߌߚ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻߿ࠛ࠶࠮ࠗࠍ⷗ᧄߣߒߡ␜ߒ ߡ᰼ߒ޿ߣ޿߁ଐ㗬߇಴ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߩߢޔ⷗ᧄࠍ␜ߔᣇᴺ߇⇐ቇ↢ߩ಴りᄢቇߢ

߽૶ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆޕ

಴りᩞߣߩᚑ❣⹏ଔߩ㆑޿

ᚑ❣⹏ଔߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ⷗ᧄߩឭ␜߿ࠪ࡜ࡃࠬ߳ߩ᣿⸥ߛߌߢߪ⸃᳿ߢ߈ߥ޿໧㗴߽޽ࠆޕ

╩⠪ߩᜂᒰߒߡ޿ࠆ᝼ᬺߢߪޔጁୃߒߡ޿ࠆ⇐ቇ↢ߩ߶ߣࠎߤ߇੤឵⇐ቇ↢ߥߩߢޔ࿖߿

಴りᄢቇߦࠃߞߡ⹏ଔߦኻߔࠆ⠨߃ᣇ߇㕖Ᏹߦ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆὐ߇ޔ໧㗴ࠍⶄ㔀ߦߒߡ޿ࠆޕ ቇ↢ߦࠃߞߡޔᣣᧄߢᓧߚᚑ❣ࠍ⥄࿖ߦᜬߞߡ߆߃ߞߡන૏੕឵ߔࠆ႐วߣޔᣣᧄߩᚑ❣

ߪ⥄࿖ߩᚑ❣ߣ㑐ଥߩߥ޿႐ว߇޽ࠅޔ߹ߚ࿖ߦࠃߞߡߚߣ߃߫A㧔㧤㧜㧑એ਄㧕ߩഀว ߇㜞ߊޔ᥉ㅢߦ᝼ᬺߦෳടߒߡ޿ߚࠄA߇ขࠇࠆߣᕁߞߡ޿ࠆቇ↢߿ޔ⥄࿖ߢߪ৻⥸⊛ߥ วᩰ⹏ଔ߇ 40㧑㨪60㧑ߢ 70㧑㧔B㧕એ਄ߩ⹏ଔࠍฃߌࠆߎߣࠍᄢᄌ⒘ߛߣᕁߞߡ޿ࠆቇ

↢ߥߤ߇߅ࠅޔᢎຬ߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩ᝼ᬺߩ᣿ᔟߥᚑ❣⹏ଔၮḰࠍ␜ߒߡ⺑᣿ߒߡ߽ޔߘࠇߛ ߌߢߪ⇐ቇ↢߇⚊ᓧߒߥ޿႐ว߽޽ࠆޕ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߥߤߢߪޔ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ࿤ౝߩ੤឵⇐ቇ

↢ߩᢙ߇Ⴧ߃ߡ޿ࠆߩߢޔᚑ❣⹏ଔၮḰ߽ᓢޘߦ⛔৻ߐࠇߟߟ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߛ߇ޔᣣᧄߣߘߩ

ઁߩ࿾ၞߩᚑ❣࡮න૏੕឵ߣ޿߁੐ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣޔߘࠇߙࠇߩ಴り࿖࡮ᄢቇ೎ᚑ❣⹏ଔኻᔕ

⴫ߥߤࠍ૞ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿ޕዋߥߊߣ߽ޔߘࠇߙࠇߩࠦ࡯ࠬౝߢߪ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ⛔

৻ߐࠇߚᚑ❣⹏ଔၮḰࠍ૞ࠆߎߣߪᔅⷐߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

⧷⺆Უ⺆⹤⠪ߩ⊒⸒ᯏળ⁛භ࡮ߘߩઁߩቇ↢ߩਇ⊒⸒

᝼ᬺㆇ༡਄࿎ࠆߩߪޔ᝼ᬺਛߦ⊒⊒⸒ߩᯏળࠍ⁛භߔࠆ⧷⺆Უ⺆⹤⠪࡮࠾ࠕࡀࠗ࠹ࠖࡉ⹤

⠪ߣᭂ┵ߦ⊒⊒⸒࿁ᢙ߇ዋߥ޿ᣣᧄੱ߿৻ㇱߩ⇐ቇ↢ߩ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆޕߎࠇߪޔޟ⧷⺆ FD ⎇

ୃޠߢขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ⊒⸒ࠍଦߔ⧷⺆⴫⃻߿⊒⸒ࠍ೙㒢ߔࠆ⴫⃻߇ᛒࠊࠇߡ޿ߚޕ ߎࠇࠄߩญ㗡⴫⃻ߦࠃࠅ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߪ⊒⸒ᤨ㑆ߩࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ߇ขࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ߇ޔ ᢎຬߣߒߡߢ߈ࠆ੐ߣߒߡߪޔᢎຬ߇ቇ↢ࠍฬᜰߒߒߡ╵߃ߐߖࠆޔ㗅⇟ߦᒰߡߡ╵߃ߐ ߖࠆޔࡍࠕߢ⋧⺣ߐߖߡ߆ࠄ╵߃ߐߖࠆߥߤ߇޽ࠆ²¹ޕ࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩᵹࠇߣߒߡߪ

޽ࠆ⒟ᐲਇ⥄ὼߦߥࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿߇ޔᔅߕߒ߽⧷⺆࿤ߩࠃ߁ߥ࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦᒻᘒࠍ

20 ઃ㍳ߩ⧷⺆࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ⹜㛎⹏ଔၮḰޔCreamer⻠Ꮷߩ⹏ଔၮḰ⴫ࠍෳ⠨ߦߒߡ૞ᚑ ߒߚኾ㐷⑼⋡࡟ࡐ࡯࠻⹏ଔၮḰࠍෳᾖߩߎߣޕ

21 The Higher Education Academy Engineering Subject Centre, Working with

International Students: a Guide for Staff in Engineering(2010) ⧷࿖㜞╬ᢎ⢒ࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ

࡯߇૞ᚑߒߡ޿ࠆ⇐ቇ↢ߩ᝼ᬺෳടࠍଦߔᢎຬࠟࠗ࠼ࡉ࠶ࠢޕࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߢߪᄢቇ㒮ߩ⎇ⓥ

ࠦ࡯ࠬߩ႐ว50㧑߇࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ࿤ᄖ߆ࠄߩ⇐ቇ↢ߣ޿߁੐ߢޔ㆑߁ᢥൻ࿤߆ࠄߩ⇐ቇ↢ኻ

╷ߣߒߡޔ৻ᣇ⊛ߦ⇐ቇ↢ߩࠗࠡ࡝ࠬᄢቇⅣႺ߳ߩหൻࠍ᳞߼ࠆߩߢߪߥߊޔ⇐ቇ↢ߩᢥ ൻ⢛᥊࡮ᢎ⢒⢛᥊ߦ߽޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ㈩ᘦߒߚ᝼ᬺㆇ༡߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩࠟࠗ࠼ࡉ࠶ࠢ߇ ᛒ߁ⷐὐߦߟ޿ߡߪઃ㍳㧟ࠍෳᾖߩߎߣޕ

⌀ૃࠆᔅⷐߪߥߊޔᣣᧄߩᒰ⹥ᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡቇ↢ߚߜߩቇ߮ࠍଦㅴߔࠆ߆ߚߜࠍ⠨߃ࠆᔅ ⷐ߇޽ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ

╩⠪ߩኻ╷ߣߒߡߪޔ࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠍࡇࠕ⹏ଔߔࠆၮḰߦޔޟ࡝࡯࠳࡯߇ࠣ

࡞࡯ࡊౝߩߔߴߡߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߦ⊒⸒ߩᯏળࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ߚ߆ޠޔߣ޿߁㗄⋡ࠍ౉ࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣޔ ᢎຬ߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ⷗࿁ߞߡ޿ࠆᤨߦᄢੱߒ޿ቇ↢ߦ⊒⸒ࠍ᳞߼ߚࠅ⹤ߒ߆ߌߚ ࠅߔࠆޔ᝼ᬺਛߩ޿ߊࠄ߆ߩᤨ㑆ࠍޟᣣᧄ⺆࠲ࠗࡓޠߦߒߡޔቇ↢㑆ߩ࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ ࠍᣣᧄ⺆ߢⴕߞߡ߽ࠄ޿ޔᣣᧄੱ߿ᣣᧄ⺆߇ᓧᗧߥቇ↢߇⊒⸒ߒ߿ߔ޿႐ࠍ૞ࠆޔߥߤߢ

޽ࠆޕ⎇ୃߢขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ߚࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࡢ࡯ࠢߩߚ߼ߩᝄࠅ㄰ࠅࠪ࡯࠻ߩࠃ߁ߦޔ⊒⸒

ߒߚ߆ޔ⾰໧ߒߚ߆ޔ⺑᣿ߒߚ߆ޔߥߤߩ㗄⋡ࠍ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢߔࠆዊ㆏ౕߪ᦭ലߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ

᝼ᬺߦ㓸ਛߢ߈ߥ޿ቇ↢

ᄙ᭽ߥቇ↢߳ߩኻᔕߩ߭ߣߟߣߒߡޔᄙᄙ᭽ߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦᚻᲑࠍ૶ߞߡ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ ߁੐߇ขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ߚޕ╩⠪ߪṶṶ഍⊛ᚻᴺ²²ࠍ᝼ᬺߦขࠅ౉ࠇࠆߎߣߦታലᕈࠍᗵߓ ߡ޿ࠆߩߢޔᓥ᧪ߩᢎቶࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦᚻᲑ㧔᧼ᦠޔࡂࡦ࠼ࠕ࠙࠻ޔࡄࡢ࡯ࡐࠗࡦ࠻

ߥߤ㧕ߩઁߦޔᢎቶࠍᱠ߈࿁ߞߚࠅޔ߿߿ᵷᚻߥࠫࠚࠬ࠴ࡖ࡯ࠍߒߚࠅޔ᱌ߞߚࠅ㖸ᭉࠍ ߥࠄߒߚࠅޔ⛗߿ࠗ࡜ࠬ࠻ࠍ㈩ߞߚࠅߔࠆߎߣߪᤨޘ޽ࠆޕ߹ߚޔቇ↢߇⥄ࠄࡠ࡯࡞ࡊ࡟

ࠗߦෳടߒߚࠅޔቇ↢ห჻දജߒߡࡄࡢ࡯ࡐࠗࡦ࠻߿ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ࠍ૞ߞߚࠅߔ ࠆߎߣߢޔᢎຬ߇ឭଏߔࠆࠃࠅ߽ߕߞߣ⼾߆ߥ᝼ᬺዷ㐿߇น⢻ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕࡄࡢ࡯ࡐࠗ

ࡦ࠻߿ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߩ૞ᚑߪޔ⃻ᤨὐߢߪ╩⠪ࠃࠅቇ↢ߩᣇ߇ޔߪࠆ߆ߦ⢻ജ߇ 㜞޿ߩߢޔᄙߊߩᗵⷡߦ⸷߃ࠆࡊ࡟࠯ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߿࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆߩߢ

޽ࠆޕ

ቇ↢߳ߩㅪ⛊

╩⠪߇࿎ߞߡ޿ࠆ߇⸃᳿ߪߐ߶ߤ㔍ߒߊߥ޿໧㗴ߣߒߡޔ⇐ቇ↢ߣߩㅪ⛊߇޽ࠆޕ㊄ᴛ ᄢቇߢߪࠕࠞࡦࠨࠬ࡮ࡐ࡯࠲࡞ߣ޿߁Student Management Systemࠍ૶ߞߡ᝼ᬺࠍጁୃ

ߒߡ޿ࠆቇ↢ߣᏱߦㅪ⛊ࠍߣߞߚࠅ⾗ᢱࠍឭ␜ߒߚࠅޔ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ࠍឭ಴ߐߖߚࠅߢ߈ࠆⅣ Ⴚ߇޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔ੤឵⇐ቇ↢ߪ߹ߛߎߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦ⥄േ⊛ߦ⊓㍳ߢ߈ߥ޿ߩߢޔSMS ߩ૶޿ᣇ߽ࠊ߆ࠄߕޔߚߣ߃ᢎຬ߇⊓㍳ߒߡ߽⇐ቇ↢ߪ߶ߣࠎߤ೑↪ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߩߢޔ SMS߆ࠄ৻ᢧߦㅪ⛊ࠍขࠈ߁ߣߒߡ߽߁߹ߊ޿߆ߥ޿ޔߣ޿߁໧㗴߇޽ࠆޕ

╩⠪ߪᜂᒰߔࠆߔߴߡߩࠢ࡜ࠬߢ SMS ࠍᵴ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔ⇐ቇ↢ߩ޿ࠆ᝼ᬺߢߪޔ․

ߦࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦᚻᲑࠍჇ߿ߔᔅⷐᕈ߿੐೨ߦ⾗ᢱ╬ࠍᷰߔᔅⷐᕈ߇㜞޿ߩߢޔSMS

ⅣႺߩᢛ஻ߪ⇐ቇ↢ߩ᝼ᬺࠍㆇ༡ߔࠆ਄ߢߪ㕖Ᏹߦᄢಾߥ໧㗴ߣ޿߃ࠆޕ

22 ᄢ⮳ߩṶ഍⊛ᚻᴺࠍ૶ߞߚ⧷⺆᝼ᬺߦߟ޿ߡߪޔޟ⎇ୃ࡮ታ〣ႎ๔㧦Ṷ഍⊛ᚻᴺࠍ૶ߞ ߚ⧷⺆ᢎ⢒ޠޡ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⺰ฌޢ3 1-17㧔1999㧕ࠍෳᾖߩߎߣޕ

߅ࠊࠅߦ

ᧄ⺰ߢߪޔ㧔㕖Უ⺆⹤⠪㧕ᢎຬ߇㧔ਥߦ㕖Უ⺆⹤⠪ߢ޽ࠆ㧕⇐ቇ↢ߦ⧷⺆ߢᄢቇߩ᝼ᬺࠍ ⴕ߁ߎߣࠍᗐቯߒߚ4ߟߩ⎇ୃߦߟ޿ߡႎ๔ߒޔߘࠇࠄߩ⎇ୃߢ➅ࠅ㄰ߒขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ

޿ߚ᝼ᬺㆇ༡ᣇᴺߩ⺑᣿߿ޔ╩⠪߇ⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ⇐ቇ↢ߣᣣᧄੱቇ↢ߩวหࠢ࡜ࠬ߿ઁߩ⧷

⺆૶↪᝼ᬺߦ߅ߌࠆᎿᄦ߿໧㗴ὐߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴߚޕ

⇐ቇ↢ߩ᝼ᬺෳടࠍଦߒޔᢎຬ࡮ቇ↢㑆ߩ⺋⸃߿໧㗴ࠍ੍㒐ߔࠆᣇ╷ߪޔታߪ⇐ቇ↢ࠢ

࡜ࠬߛߌߢߥߊޔᣣᧄੱߩࠢ࡜ࠬߢ߽ᄢᄌ᦭ലߢ޽ࠆޕߥߗߥࠄ߫ޔቇ↢ߩᄙ᭽ൻߪޔᣣ ᧄੱࠢ࡜ࠬߦ߅޿ߡ߽㗼⪺ߦߥࠅߟߟ޽ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ⇐ቇ↢ࠢ࡜ࠬߢ߅ߎߞߡ޿ߚᢎຬ

ߩᜰ␜߳ߩℂ⸃ਇ⿷߿ᢥൻ⊛⢛᥊ߩ㆑޿߇߽ߚࠄߔ⺋⸃߿៺ᡂߪޔߎߎ 2 ᐕ߶ߤߩ㑆ߦޔ

╩⠪ߩᜂᒰߔࠆᣣᧄੱߩߺߩࠢ࡜ࠬߢ߽߅߈ᆎ߼ߡ޿ࠆޕ⇐ቇ↢߇᝼ᬺߦෳടߒ߿ߔ޿ࠃ ߁ߦ⠨߃ࠆ੐ߪޔቇ↢ߩ࿖☋߿ᢥൻ⢛᥊ࠍ໧ࠊߕޔᄙ᭽ߥቇ↢߇᝼ᬺߦෳടߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ Ꮏᄦߔࠆ੐ߢ߽޽ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߘࠇߙࠇߩቇ↢߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᢥൻ࡮↢ᵴ⢛᥊ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ޔቇ⠌ⅣႺࠍ⚻㛎ߒߡ߈ ߚߩ߆ޔߤߩࠃ߁ߥᕈᩰ߿⠨߃ᣇࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ޔߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥޔ୘೎ߩ⁁ᴫߦᕁ޿ࠍ

߼ߋࠄߒߡޔቇ↢৻ੱ߭ߣࠅࠍߘࠇߙࠇ୘ᕈߩ޽ࠆੱ㑆ߣߒߡ⷗ߡធߔࠆޔߣ޿߁ᔃߩᜬ ߜᣇ߇ޔᢎຬߦߪ߹ߔ߹ߔ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆߛࠈ߁ޕቇ↢߇߽ߚࠄߔᄙ᭽ᕈࠍዅ㊀ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ᝼

ᬺߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍޔ੹ᓟߐࠄߦ⎇ⓥߒߡࠁ߈ߚ޿ޕ

ઃ㍳ 㧝

⧷⺆㧵㧔࡜ࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣ㧕 ᦼᧃ࠹ࠬ࠻⹏ଔၮḰ

ⷐ⚂໧㗴 㧞㧜ὐ

ࠛ࠶࠮ࠗ 㧤㧜ὐ

ᒻᑼ 㧠㧜ὐ

Introduction (5ὐ) Thesis statement㧔⥄ಽߩᗧ⷗࡮ߎߩ૞ᢥߢᦨ߽વ߃ߚ޿੐㧕߇

ߪߞ߈ࠅᦠߌߡ޿ࠆޕ㧔㧞ὐ㧕

ฦᲑ⪭ߩౝኈࠍⷐ⚂ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ㧔㧞ὐ㧕

Hook㧔General Statement, ⾰໧ޔ⛔⸘ߥߤ㧕߇޽ࠆ㧔1ὐ㧕

Body (30ὐ) ౝኈߏߣߦᲑ⪭߇ಽߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ㧔㧝㧜ὐ㧕

࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢᢥߪޔߘߩᲑ⪭ߢ৻⇟⸒޿ߚ޿੐ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ㧔㧝㧜ὐ㧕 ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢᢥࠍࠊ߆ࠅ߿ߔߊ㧔ౕ૕⊛ߦޔℂ↱߿଀ࠍ౉ࠇߡ㧕⺑᣿ߒߡ

޿ࠆࠨࡐ࡯࠻ㇱ߇޽ࠆޕ㧔㧝㧜ὐ㧕

Conclusion (5ὐ) ⚿⺰㧔⥄ಽߩᗧ⷗㧕ࠍㅀߴߡ޿ࠆޕ㧔㧞ὐ㧕

ฦᲑ⪭ߩౝኈࠍⷐ⚂ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ㧔㧟ὐ㧕

ౝኈ࡮⺆ᢙ 㧠㧜ὐ

ౝኈ ౝኈߦㆡߒߚ㗄⋡㧔࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢ㧕߇ㆬ߫ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ ฦ㧠ὐ 㗄⋡ߩᦠ߆ࠇᣇ㧔㗅ᐨ㧕߇⺰ℂ⊛ߢ޽ࠆޕ

⸘㧞㧜ὐ ᛽⽎⊛࡮ਥⷰ⊛ߢߥߊޔౕ૕⊛࡮ቴⷰ⊛ߦᦠߌߡ޿ࠆޕ

⸒޿ߚ޿੐߇વࠊࠆᱜߒ޿⺆ᒵ࡮ᢥᴺߢᦠߌߡ޿ࠆޕ

⁛ഃ⊛ߥⷞὐޔᦠ߈ᚻࠄߒߐ߇વࠊࠆ଀ޔ⺒ߺᚻࠍ⚊ᓧߐߖࠆ⺰ὐ߇޽ࠆޕ

⺆ᢙ 㧲 㧝㧡㧜⺆ᧂḩ 㧔㧜ὐ㧕 㧞㧜ὐ 㧯 㧝㧡㧜⺆㧙㧞㧜㧜⺆ 㧔㧡ὐ㧕 㧮 㧞㧜㧜⺆㧙㧞㧡㧜⺆ 㧔㧝㧜ὐ㧕 㧭 㧞㧡㧜⺆㧙㧟㧜㧜⺆ 㧔㧝㧡ὐ㧕 㧿 㧟㧜㧜⺆એ਄ 㧔㧞㧜ὐ㧕

ઃ㍳㧞 ASSESSMENT RUBRIC㧔ᚑ❣⹏ଔၮḰ⴫㧕

Exceeds Standard Exceeds Standard Meets Standard Fails Standard

Define

Orientalism

advanced by E.Said and give three examples of the concept

Student correctly defines the term and independently gives original examples as well as ones dealt in class

Student correctly defines and lists three examples dealt in class

Student incorrectly defines each concept and fails to provide three examples

List three different methods used in Orientalist French paintings of 18

and 19

century

Student lists (more than) three methods and provides

examples that

include materials not covered in class

Student correctly lists three methods and provides examples from materials dealt in class

Student incorrectly list or fails to list the required three methods of

orientalist painting Essay contains thesis

and explanation of three supporting details for each methods explained

Essay thesis

correctly introduces topic and paper explains each methods by giving more than three supporting details

Essay contains an appropriate thesis and provides three supporting details

Essay is missing thesis and lacks three supporting details

Kana OYABU adopted from A.Creamer’s Rubric

ઃ㍳㧟

⇐ቇ↢ࠍᢎ߃ࠆᤨߩᵈᗧὐ

Working with International Students:A Guide for Staff in Engineering㧔2010㧕ࠃࠅᛮ

☴

ᄙ᭽ߥቇ↢߇ቇ߮ߦෳടߢ߈ࠆᎿᄦࠍ⠨߃ࠆ

⇐ቇ↢ߩ࿖࡮ᢥൻߢߩቇ߮ࠍᛠីߔࠆ ࡮౒ห૕㊀ⷞ߆୘ੱਥ⟵߆

࡮ᢎຬߣቇ↢ߩ㑐ଥߪ਄ਅ㑐ଥ߆ኻ╬߆

࡮ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩߒ߆ߚߪࡂࠗ࡮ࠦࡦ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧔౒ㅢℂ⸃ߦ߽ߣߠ߈⺑᣿ਇⷐ㧕 ߆ࡠ࡯࡮ࠦࡦ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧔౒ㅢℂ⸃ߪዋߥߊ᣿␜⊛⺑᣿ᔅⷐ㧕߆

࡮ߡ޿ߨ޿⴫⃻߿ࡔࡦ࠷ߦኻߔࠆᢅᗵߐߪ㧫

࡮ᴉ㤩ߦኻߔࠆ⠨߃ᣇߪ㧫㧔ࡑࠗ࠽ࠬ⹏ଔ߆ࡊ࡜ࠬ⹏ଔ߆㧫㧕 ࡮ᧂ⍮ߩ⁁ᴫ߿╵߃߇߭ߣߟߢߥ޿⁁ᴫߦਇ቟ࠍᗵߓࠆ߆ᗵߓߥ޿߆

ޣࠝ࡝ࠛࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦޤ

ᄢቇߢߩቇ߮ߩࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆ

ౕ૕⊛ߥቇ㘃ߩ೔㆐⋡ᮡࠍ␜ߔ㧔૗ࠍቇ߱ߩ߆㧕

᝼ᬺߢ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆᘒᐲ࡮ⴕേࠍ␜ߔޔ᝼ᬺᄖߩቇ⠌ᤨ㑆ࠍ␜ߔ

࡞࡯࡞ࠍ␜ߔ㧔⺖㗴ߩឭ಴ޔㆃೞ࡮ᰳᏨߩᛒ޿ߥߤߪቇ㘃౒ㅢ࡞࡯࡞߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿㧕 ᚑ❣⹏ଔߩ଀␜㧔ฦᚑ❣ߩ╵᩺଀␜߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿߇ޔዋߥߊߣ߽૗߇ਇน߆ߪ᣿␜ߔࠆ㧕 ࿾రቇ↢࡮ᢎຬ࡮ઁߩ⇐ቇ↢ߣⷫߒߊߥࠆᵴേࠍ౉ࠇࠆ

ޣ⻠⟵ޤ

⻠⟵ߩࠕ࠙࠻࡜ࠗࡦឭ␜࡮ኾ㐷↪⺆ߩ᧼ᦠ࡮න⺆࡝ࠬ࠻ߩ㈩Ꮣ

↹௝߿㖸ჿߩ೑↪࡮੹૗ࠍㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ߆ߩ⺑᣿

ಽ߆ࠄߥߊߡ߽⾰໧ߒߥ޿ቇ↢߳ߩኻᔕ

ዋੱᢙࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢಽ߆ࠄߥ޿ߣߎࠈࠍ⹤ߐߖࠆ ࠢ࡝࠶ࠞ࡯ߥߤߩ೑↪

ⓣၒ߼ᣇࡊ࡝ࡦ࠻ߩ㈩Ꮣߣ╵߃ߩ⏕⹺

ޣṶ⠌/ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࡢ࡯ࠢ/ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߥߤޤ

ߘࠇߙࠇߩቇ⠌ᒻᘒߩቇ⠌ᗧ⟵߿ߘࠇࠄ߇዁᧪ߤ߁ᓎߦ┙ߟ߆⺑᣿ߔࠆ

ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࡢ࡯ࠢෳട⴫ߥߤߢޔߤߩࠃ߁ߥᵴേߦෳടߒߚ߆⥄Ꮖ್ᢿ࡮ࡇࠕ⹏ଔߐߖࠆ ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠍ᳿߼ࠆޔߘࠇߙࠇߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߩᓎഀࠍ᳿߼ߐߖࠆ

⊒⴫⠪ߦ੐೨ߦ޽ߞߡ⊒⴫ౝኈࠍ⏕⹺࡮ࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢߔࠆ

ᢎຬ߇ฬᜰߒߒߚࠅޔ㗅⇟ߦᒰߡߚࠅߒߡࠪࡖࠗߥቇ↢ߩ⊒⸒ࠍଦߔ