1
Copyright © 2004 TOSHIBA CORPORATION./TOSHIBA SIGMA CONSULTING All rights reserved.
設計上流における戦略的設計支援手
法と事例紹介
東芝シグマコンサルティング株式会社
関本 真也
戦略的設計支援手法
• プロダクトアウト、マーケットイン
• VOC(顧客の声)重視
• コアコンピテンス
• 市場ターゲット
• 顧客価値連鎖
• 戦略的プライオリティ
• 製品定義
3
Copyright © 2004 TOSHIBA CORPORATION./TOSHIBA SIGMA CONSULTING All rights reserved.
製品開発の陥りやすい罠
• 技術主導型
– 技術フィージビリティの追求
– 特に技術重視企業
– 「世界で初めての・・・」
– 「他社にない先端技術を駆使した・・・」
– 本当に顧客価値があるか?
マーケットイン、VOC重視
• 1つ手法 ー QFD(品質機能展開)
– 既存商品の競争力アップ
– 新商品の価値向上
– 営業戦略企画
– 製・販・技の一体変革
– 価値フィージビリティと技術フィージビリティとのトレード
オフ検討が難しい
5
Copyright © 2004 TOSHIBA CORPORATION./TOSHIBA SIGMA CONSULTING All rights reserved.
QFD(品質機能展開) ー 教科書的な話
• Technique to translate the requirements in the customer
domain into the designs and actions in the engineering
domains.
9
1
w
3
Easy to carry
⋅⋅⋅
Customer Requirements
w
2
w
1
Engineering Metrics
⋅⋅⋅
9
Durable
9
Can use for long hours
Battery
life
(hours)
W
e
ight
(g)
Importance
Robustn
ess
(kgf)
Portable Equipment
(Digital Camera, Laptop,
eBook, etc.)
技術的な相関関係
Portable Equipment
(Digital Camera,
Laptops, eBook, etc.)
Robustness
(kgf)
Engineering
Metrics
improve
ment
Batter
y
l
ife
(hours
)
up
Weigh
t
(g
)
up
down
-7
Copyright © 2004 TOSHIBA CORPORATION./TOSHIBA SIGMA CONSULTING All rights reserved.
相関は解(ソリューション)に依存する
• Worth Feasibility Evaluation (WFE)
– 相関を提案するソリューションに基づいて評価する
-+
Implement the rugged
housing
-+
Implement a large
battery
Weight
(down)
Robustness
(up)
Battery life
(up)
Engineering
metrics
Solutions
(S. Sarbacker, Stanford Univ.)
顧客価値は特性の重要度とソリューションが技術
特性に与える影響に依存する
• ソリューションが特性aにポジティブな影響を与え、特性
bにネガティブな影響を与えるとき、
– 特性aの重要度が特性bの重要度よりも大きければ価値
はポジティブに変化し、逆の場合ネガティブに変化する
• たとえそのソリューションが1つの特性に対してポジティ
ブに影響を与えても、他の多くの特性にネガティブな影
響を与えるならば、価値は減少する
9
Copyright © 2004 TOSHIBA CORPORATION./TOSHIBA SIGMA CONSULTING All rights reserved.
もう1つの側面
• もし良いソリューションを
発明
または
発見
すれば、ネ
ガティブな相関を解消できる
+
-Implement the rugged housing
Use a hyper-stiffness ultra-light
plastics
Implement a high performance
ultra-slim battery
-+
Implement a large battery
Robustness
(up)
Weight
(down)
Battery life
(up)
Engineering
Metrics
Solutions
?
事例
電子ブック
11
Copyright © 2004 TOSHIBA CORPORATION./TOSHIBA SIGMA CONSULTING All rights reserved.
電子ブック
0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.11 0.13 0.13 Normalized Totals > 90 93 102 102 138 142 120 132 137 Totals > Key Product Attributes >9 1
3 1
5 Read for many hours
6 7 7 8 9 9 10
Attribute Targets > 10,000 243 Lum. 0 Lum. Y 10,000 0.030 l 0.5 kg &500/$15 6 hr.
3 9 3 3 1 1 3 Reasonable Price 9 3 1 1 Light weight 3 9 3 3 Not too big
9 3
3 3 Clear text & illustrations
1 9
3 Rugged, Robust to Abuse
3 3
3 9 9 Read in many lighting
conditions 3 9 Availability of title Battery Life Affordabl e Max Mass Max Volume Screen Pixels Survive s Abuse Use in low light Use in dir. Sunlight Number of Titles
顧客要求
技術特性
技術特性のウェイト
©2000 ME217 dfM
ソリューションによる価値変化
v Expected Attribute Change
-4 -9 -6 -6 1 -1 2 -2 -1 - --+ --Implement electronic book
format 6 hr. &500/$15 0.5 kg 0.030 l 10,000 Y 0 Lum. 243 Lum. 10,000 infinite $15.00 0.3 0.020 l > 1e6 yes no yes > 1e6
Baseline Attribute Values > Attribute Targets > -++ +
Implement hi-resolution screen
+ -Implement long life battery
-+
Provide modem download of title -+ -Implement backlit screen
-+
Implement ruggedized housing
-+ -Increase screen size
Battery Life Affordable Max Mass Max Volume Screen Pixels Survive s Norm. Abuse Use in low light Use in dir. Sunlight Number of Titles Engineering Approach v
Strong degradation (-2)
--Moderate degradation (-1)
-Moderate improvement (+1)
+
Strong improvement (+2)
++
Key:
©2000 ME217 dfM
Baseline = Conventional "paper books"
Engineering
solutions
13
Copyright © 2004 TOSHIBA CORPORATION./TOSHIBA SIGMA CONSULTING All rights reserved.
価値変化の簡単な計算
w4
w3
w2
w1
Weight
EM4
EM3
EM2
EM1
w1 - w3
-+
Engineering
Solution 1
-2*w1 + w3 –w4
-+
--Engineering
Solution 2
+ 2*w2 + w4
+
++
Engineering
Solution 3
⋅⋅⋅
Worth Change
WFE vs. Pugh’s Method
+
+
-criterion 3
solution 3
solution 2
solution 1
-+
-criterion 2
+
-+
criterion 1
concept 3
concept 2
concept 1
+
+
criterion 3
-+
-criterion 2
-+
criterion 1
DAT
U
M
BASELINE
WFE
Pugh’s
Concept
Selection
• Indicates the changes from the baseline using effects
coefficients (in the same way as Pugh method)
15
Copyright © 2004 TOSHIBA CORPORATION./TOSHIBA SIGMA CONSULTING All rights reserved.
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 Base line 1. Im plem ent an Elec tron ic B ook fo rmat 2.Im plem ent a hig h res olutio n sc reen 3. Im plem ent a long life life ba ttery 4. Im plem ent a m odem 5. Im plem ent a ba ck lig ht 6. Str engt hen the cas e 7. En large scr een
Engineering solution
Ch
an
g
es in
w
o
rth
The number of contents Maximum of environmental brightness Minimum of environmental brightness Robustness The number of pixels Capacity Weight Price of the body and software Battery life Solution Net Effect
紙の本に対する電子ブックの価値カーブ
Product worth
例:電子ブック
©2000 ME217 dfM
電子ブックの結果
• 製品に多くの解衝突(Solution Conflict)があるため価
値が下がっている
• このソリューションは製品成功に対してviableでない
Î
戦略変更が必要
– 製品の再定義
– ソリューションの再定義、または
– Abandon the project
17
Copyright © 2004 TOSHIBA CORPORATION./TOSHIBA SIGMA CONSULTING All rights reserved.
More Discussion...
Redesign of New eBook
電子ブック戦略の見直し
• 新しい顧客要求の定義
– Availability for newly published books.
– Read in a crowded train.
– Easy to read for elderly people.
:
eBook Initiative Japan Co.,
Toshiba, NTT Data
COMDEX
Define “eBook” as completely new
media of the book, not as a substitution
of the paper book !!
19
Copyright © 2004 TOSHIBA CORPORATION./TOSHIBA SIGMA CONSULTING All rights reserved.
Availability for newly
published book (days)
Availability of
titles
顧客要求に対する新しい技術特性
Number of titles
Page turnover
space
Read in a
crowded train
新しい顧客要求に対する技術特性
21
Copyright © 2004 TOSHIBA CORPORATION./TOSHIBA SIGMA CONSULTING All rights reserved.
Screen
Magnification
Easy to read
for elderly
people
新しい顧客要求に対する技術特性 (cont’d)
Availability for a
newly published
book
ソリューションは技術解だけか?
• Engineering solutions
– Product architecture
– Specifications
– Process parameters
– etc.
• Other solutions
– Sales strategy
– Value proposition
– etc.
23
Copyright © 2004 TOSHIBA CORPORATION./TOSHIBA SIGMA CONSULTING All rights reserved.
eBook
Developer
Retailer Shops
END USER
Product
$
$
Media
Publishing
Company
$
Product
& Media
Contents
Contents
Business
Business
Network
$
$
CVCA Strategy
* CVCA: Customer Value Chain Analysis
Implement
electronic book
format
Page turnover
space
Screen
magnification
新しい特性に対するソリューションの影響
25
Copyright © 2004 TOSHIBA CORPORATION./TOSHIBA SIGMA CONSULTING All rights reserved.
Venture or tie up with
Web-based book site
Availability for a newly
published book
Affordable (media)
新しいソリューションの影響
eBook Projected Worth Curve vs. Conventional Book
Using Worth Feasibility Evaluation Method
-0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Base line Impl emen t elec tron ic b ook form at Prov ide m odem dow nload of tit les Ven ture W eb-base d b ook s ite Impl emen t hi -res olution scre en Impl em ent lo ng li fe ba ttery Impl emen t ba cklit scre en
Engineering solution
Wo
rt
h
ch
an
ge
Number of titlesAvailablity for a newly published book
Page turnover space Screen Magnification Use in low light Screen Pixels Max Volume Max Mass Affordable(body) Affordable(media) Battery Life Solution Net Effect
Net Change In Worth
27
Copyright © 2004 TOSHIBA CORPORATION./TOSHIBA SIGMA CONSULTING All rights reserved.