内 容 原 著
長崎県下の1名のC型肝炎(HCV)患者血清中のHCVウイルス遺伝子型別及びE1とE2/NSI糖蛋 白質領域の遺伝子解析(英文)
・・鄭 薇 埼一………・………一………・…………・169−177 エクアドル共和国におけるらいの血清疫学的調査(英文)
・・細川 篤,野中 薫雄,Miguel H.Jurado,
古川 正人,江下 優樹,三森 龍之,片倉 健 EduardoA.Gomez,和泉 眞蔵,橋口 義久…… 17H84 マラリア予防薬としてメフロキンを長期投与した際の副作用について
・・竹島 茂人…・………・・…・………・…・……… 185−192 日本における輸血マラリア
ー血小板輸血により感染したと考えられる熱帯熱マラリア1症例を中心に一
・狩野 繁之,鈴木 守・…………・……・……… 193−198 長崎市の南部と北部における犬糸状虫伝搬蚊の個体数と自然感染率の比較(英文)
・小田 力,末永 敏,在津 誠,黒川 憲次,
藤田紘一一郎,小川 保徳,山崎 一郎,飯田 国洋,
三根真理子………一一…………・………… 199−206 ソロモン諸島で見いだされたムナケブユ亜属1新種の記載(英文)
・高岡 宏行,鈴木 博………・………・………・207−210 研究ノート
タンザニアの免疫血清による熱帯熱マラリア原虫の試験管内増殖阻害(英文)
一Thomas B.Nyambo,神原 廣二 …・………・……・211−215 (裏面に続く)
短 報
インドネシア在住日本人の寄生虫感染状況(英文)
・山田 誠一,森 有加,藩 月館説子,藤田紘一郎…
悦,赤尾 信明,
217−218
症例報告
エクアドル共和国におけるらいの2例の提示と接触者検診の試み(英文)
一細川 篤,野中 薫雄,Juan J.Alava P,
Eduardo A.Gometz L.,Hugo M.Jurado S.,
橋口 義久…一 219−223
日本熱帯医学会雑誌
第22巻第4号 1994年12月15日 印刷 1994年12月15日 発行
発行所 日本熱帯医学会
編集者 神 原 廣 二
印刷所㈱昭和堂印刷
諌早市長野町1007−2 (⑰854)
奮0957−22−6000 本雑誌の刊行にあたりその費用の一部を文部省科学研究費補助金
(研究成果公開促進費)によった。
GENOTYPE IDENTIFICATION OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) ISOLATED FROM A SlNGLE JAPANESE CARRIER IN NAGASAKI PREFECTURE
AND GENOME ANALYSIS OF E1 AND E2/NS1 ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN REGIONS
WEI‑YUN ZHENG
Received September 20, 1994/Accepted October 30, 1994
Abstract: The nucleotide (nt) sequence of a Hepatitis C virus genome (HCV‑N) which was derived from a single Japanese patient's serum in Nagasaki Prefecture has been determined by multiple clones coverning 22 overlapping regions of the HCV geneme. The sequenced region consisted of 9295 nt, including 248 nt of 5'‑untranslated region (UTR) , a single large open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein of 3010 amino acids (aa) and a 17 nt of 3'‑UTR. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that HCV‑N belongs to II/1b genotype of group 1. Two other Nagasaki HCV strains (HCV‑Nl and HCV‑N2) were also sequenced in the E1 and N‑terminus of the E2/NSI regions. Two hypervariable regions (HVR I and HVR 2) were found in the N‑terminus of E2/NSI region among 3 Nagasaki strains and 7 other HCV strains with published sequences. Two well‑conserved aa sequences were also identified among 10 HCV strains in the E1 and N
‑terminus of the E2/NS1 regions. The results will be useful for future underStanding on the pathogenesis, virological diagnosis and development of vaccine for HCV.
INTRODUCTION
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major cause of nonA
‑nonB (NANB) hepatitis, and chronic infection with HCV has been linked to the development of liver cirrho‑
sis and hepatocellular carcinoma (Plagemann, 1991).
Many entire and partial HCV sequence informations published so far have shown that HCV genome consisted of about 10 Kb single‑stranded positive‑sense RNA with 5'UTR, a single long ORF foll'dtved by 3'UTR. The viral genome organization re embles that of the flaviviruses and pestiviruses (Kato et al., 1990; Plagemann, 1991).
Since Choo et al. (1989) cloned the genome of an RNA virus from the plasma of a chimpanzee inoculated with plasma fyom patient with NANB hepatitis and designated it as HCV, entire sequences have been report‑
ed for at least 15 HCV strains. There are: HCV‑J (Kato et al., 1990), HCV‑1 (Choo et al.. 1991), HCV‑H (In‑
chauspe et al.. 1991), HCV‑BK (Takamizawa et al., 1991), HC‑J6 (Okamoto et al., 1991), HC‑JI (Okamoto et al., 1992a), HC‑J8 (Okamoto et al., 1992b), HC‑J4/
83, HC‑J4/91 (Okamoto et al., 1992c), HCV‑JT (Tana‑
ka et al.. 1992), HCV‑T (Chen et al.. 1992), HCV‑JKl (Honda et al.. 1993) , HC‑C2 (Wang et al.. 1993) , HC‑G9 (Okamoto et al., 1994) and NZLI (Sakamoto et al..
1994) . Depending on the HCV sequence similarity, HCV genome can be classified into 6 genotypes: I, II, 111, IV, V and VI as reviewed by Sakamoto et al. (1994) , or into 6 major genotypes: I (a, b, c) , 2 (a, b, c), 3 (a, b), 4, 5 and 6 (Simmonds et al.. 1933b).
Recently, the newest classification has been sum‑
marized by Sakamoto et al. (1994) who classified HCV genome into 3 major groups with entire published sequences. The entire HCV sequence of Japanese strains have been assigned either to group I (1/1a genotype: HC‑J1; II/1b genotype: HCV‑J, HCV‑BK, HC
‑J4/83, HC‑J4/91, HCV‑JT and HCV‑JK1) or group 2 (III/2a genotype: HC‑J6; IV/2b genotype: HC‑J8) according to Sakamoto et al. (1994). In order to know whether there is particular HCV in the local area of Nagasakj, Japan, HCV patient serum which came frorn Nagasaki Prefecture was obtained and the genome sequence of the HCV‑N in this serum was determined by multiple overlapping clones.
Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852, Japan
170
In order to see the genetic variability of HCV in the N gasaki area, HCV genome sequence in 2 more HCV patient sera in Nagasaki Prefecture (HCV‑N1 and HCV‑N2) were also analyzed similarly in the E1 and N
‑terminus of the E2/NSI envelope glycoprotein regions.
Two hypervariable regions have be found among these 3 Nagasaki HCV strains using the sequence diversity comparison with published sequence data of 7 HCV
strains.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RNA extraction from HCV patient serum
Serum samples were obtained from NANB patients in Nagasaki Prefecture which were kindly provided by the Second Department of Internal Medicine of Nagasa‑
ki University Hospital. These patients were confirmed to be infected with HCV by anti‑CIOO HCV ELISA Kit (Ortho Diagnostic Systems, Tokyo, Japan) and HCV reverse‑transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT
‑PCR) as published by Kurihara (1992). One hundred microliters of HCV patient serum was mixed with 20 pl of 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 80 pl of sterile distilled H.O at room temperature for 5 min.
HCV RNA was extracted with phenol / chloroform and precipitated with 3 volumes of ice‑cold absolute ethanol.
After storage at ‑80'C for lhr, HCV RNA was pelleted in an Eppendolf centrifuge with 15,000xg at 4'C for 30 min. The pellet was washed once in 70% ethanol, vacuurn dried and dissolved in 100 pl sterile distilled water. RNA solution was stored at ‑80'C.
Selection and synthesis of oligonucleotide primers Oligonucleotide primer sequences were selected based on the published sequence data (Choo et al., 1991, Takamizawa et al.. 1991) and gene walking method.
Oligonucleotide primers were synthesized by Applied Biosystems Model 392 DNA / RNA Synthesizer and confirmed for their purity by ion‑exchange gel chromatography (Gen‑pack; Waters) .
RT‑PCR
Ten. microliters of RNA solution were added with 90 pl of RT‑PCR mixture [100 pmol of each primers, 0.2 mM deoxynucleoside triphosphate, 10 mM Tris (PH 8.
9) , 1.5 mM MgC1,, 80 mM KC1, 0.5 mg of bovine serum albumin per ml, 0.1% sodium cholate, 0.1% Triton X
‑lOO, 10 U of reverse transcriptase (Life Science Inc.) and 2U of Tth DNA polyrnerase, a thermostable DNA polymerase (Toyobo Co.)]. The reaction mixture was covered by 2 drops of mineral oil and incubated for 10 min at 53'C for RT. PCR amplification (94'C for 60 sec, 53'C for 90 sec and 72'C for 120 sec by thermal cycler;
lwaki Co.) was started irnmediately after RT and repeated 35 times. CDNA product was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized by ethidium bromide staining.
Cloning and sequencing of HCV CDNA product The amplified HCV CDNA was excised from agar‑
ose gel, phosphorylated with T4 polynucleotide kinase (Nippon Gene Co.) and blunted with T4 DNA polymer‑
ase (Takara Co.). The modified CDNA fragment was ligated into Smal site of pUC19 and transformed into Escherichia 'coli JM 109 strain. The recombinant pUC19 carrying inserted CDNA fragment was purified with WizardTM Minipreps DNA Purification System (U.S.
A.). The CDNA fragment sequence was determined in both directions with sense and antisense primers by dideoxy chain termination method using both 35S radio‑
isotope‑labeling (DNA Sequencing Kit Version 2.0, U.S.
A.) and fluorescent dye‑labeled DNA sequencing system (373A DNA Sequencer, Applied Biosystems) . To avoid sequence variabili,ty, 3 colones from each RT‑PCR product were isolated independently for nucleotide sequence determination.
Analysis and homology comparison in nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were carried out for HCV‑N and 7 other HCV strains with published entire sequence, using a computer system with DNASIS Mac Version 2.2, NEW CD2 system (Hitachi Software Engi‑
neering Co., Ltd, 1992).
RESULTS
The genome characterization of HCV‑N
Multiple cDNA clones were isolated from alto‑
gether 22 overlapping regions which covered almost entire genome of HCV‑N, except extreme 5' and 3' terminals (Fig. 1). For each of the overlapping region, 3 independent CDNA clones were isolated from the RT
‑PCR product and sequenced. The cleavage site of the polyprotein coded by the ORF of the HCV‑N genome was assigned according to the publications by Okamoto et al. (1992b) and Honda et al. (1993). Total length of the sequenced region of HCV‑N consisted of 9295 nt and 3010 aa, respectively (Fig. 2) . The sequenced region can be divided into 248 nt in the 5'UTR, 9030 nt in a single ORF and 17 nt in the 3'UTR, respectvely. The ORF was considered to be translated into C (191 aa) , E1 (192 aa) , E2/NSI (346 aa), NS2 (277 aa), NS3 (609 aa) , NS4 (398 aa) and NS5 (997 aa) proteins.
Genotype classification and genome homology compari‑
son among HCV‑N and 7 other HCV strains with
published sequences
1 ooo 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 gooo bp
C E1 E2/NSI NS2 NS3 NS4 NS5
L ] DD
D D
IEl]
: li] ll
Iii ] Ill i]
Figure I Physical map of the HCV genome and locations of the CDNA clones derived from HCV‑N strain. Nucleotides are numbered from putative 5'end as indicated on the top. The genome organization of HCV is according to Okamoto et al. (1994) , showing coding region from structural proteins:
core (O , envevop (EI and E2) to nonstructural proteins (NS1‑NS5) by blocks, untranslated region (UTR) (5' and 3') by bars. The order of clone number is based on the cloning process.
Entire sequence informations have been published for the following 7 HCV strains: HCV‑1 (Choo et al., 1991), HCV‑BK (Takamizawa et al.. 1991), HCV‑J
(Kato et al.. 1990), HC‑J6 (Okamoto et al..
1991), HC‑J8 (Okamoto et al.. 1992b), HCV
‑JT (Tanaka et al.. 1992) arid HCV‑T (Chen et al.. 1992). Homology comparison between HCV‑N and these 7 HCV strains was shown in Table 1.' The most conserved region is the 5 UTR which showed nt homology more than 91.5% among 8 HCV isolates. The sequence homology of the C protein region was also highly conserved (nt > 81.1%, aa > 88.5%).
In the putative E1 and E2/NSI regions, the
HCV‑N showed high homology with HCV
‑BK, HCV‑J, HCV‑JT and HCV‑T (nt > 84.
5%, aa > 85.8%). Whereas HCV‑N showed low homology with HC‑J6 and HC‑J8 (nt <
68.8%, aa < 72.3%). Nt sequence homology between HCV‑N and HCV‑1 in the E1 and E2/NSI regions was 73.7%, 74.5% and aa sequence homology was 76.0%, 81.2%, respec‑
tively. From NS2 to NS5 regions, it was evident that HCV‑N is closer to HCV‑BK,
HCV‑J, HCV‑JT and HCV‑T and remote
frorn HC‑J6 and HC‑J8, while HCV‑1 seems to be located intermediate. The total sequence homology comparison among 8
HCV isolates gave us a conclusion that HCV‑N belongs
to HCV‑BK/HCV‑J/HCV‑JT/HCV‑T genotype. In
contrast, HCV‑N is remote from J6 and J8 genotypes, Table 1 Homology comparison of,nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence among 8
HCV strains (HCV‑N, HCV‑1, HCV‑BK, HCV‑J, HCV‑JT, HCV‑T, HC‑J6 and HC‑J8). The homology is indicated by %. The nucleotide sequence homology is shown in upper and arnino acid sequence homology is shown in lowbr with parenthesis, respectively.
Region
HCV‑N *&
HCV‑1
HCV‑N &
HCV‑BK
HCV‑N &
HCV‑ J
HCV‑N &
HC‑ J6
HCV‑N &
HC‑ J8
HCV‑N &
HCV‑ JT
HCV‑N &
HCV‑T
Total (84 . 5) 77 . 9 (94 . 1) 92 . O (93 . 7) 91 . 5 (70 . 7) 62 . 4 (69 . 2) 61 . 7 (93 . 9) 91 . 7 (92 . 1) 90 . O
5'UTR 8 . 8 ' 9 ' 98 . 4 94 . o 91 . 5 99 . 2 99 . 2 C (96 . 3) 90 . 7
96 . o (97 . 4)
95 . 8 (97 . 9)
83 . O (90 . 1)
81 . 1 (88 . 5)
95 . 1 (96 . 3)
93 . 9 (93 . 7)
E1 (76 . o) 73 . 7 (89 . 6) 89 . o (93 . 2) 91 . 7 (52 . 9) 60 . 1 (51 . 8) 56 . 7 (92 . 2) 92 . 2 (93 . 8) 91 . 1 E2/NS1 (81 . 2) 74 . 5 (88 . 1) 8 +* 7 (86 . 1) 84 . 5 (71 . 1) 68 . 8 (72 . 3) 66 . 8 (85 . 8) 84 . 7
85 . 3 (87 . o)
NS2 (74 . 4) 71.0
92 . 1 (91 . 7)
"'‑*,・ g2 . 7 (94 . 9)
59 . 8 (58 . 7)
58 . 2 (56 . 2)
89 . o (92 . 4)
87 . 8 (91 . 3)
NS3 (89 . O) 78 . 1
90 . 7
(93.4)
90 . 4 (91 . 8)
69 . 9 (79 . 3)
69 . 8 (78 . 8)
91 . 1 (94 . 9)
89 . 4 (92 . 8)
NS4 (88 . 2) 78 . 9
93 . 1 (97 . 5)
92 . 7 (97 . 2)
66 . 8 (74 . 1)
67 . o (72 . 9)
93 . 5 (97 . o)
89 . 9 (94 , o)
NS5 (83 . 7) 78 . 8
93 . 5 (96 . 3)
92 . 7 (95 . 2)
59 . 5 (71 . 8)
59 . 2 (71 . 5)
93 . 1 (95 . 2)
91 .8 (92 . 5)
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詫昌 ㎜v 澱
4071
1一一㎜一一㎜一…80
8STWVLVGGVLAALAAYCしTT 1678
1GCA㏄㎜℃A一罵皿㎜00一質℃C㏄A㎝5〕4
8GSVVIVGRIILSGRPAVVPD 169
TGCTGCTGハTAGCCCAGGCT〔;AGGCTGCCTTAGAGAACCTGGTAG『℃CTCAハTGCGGCGr
MLLIAQAEAAしENLVVLNAA
C㎜CGG羅℃A rACA
SVAGAHGVLSFLVFFCAAWY
TCAひCO眠㎝ACA540
SHLPY 171
㎜㎜㎜しGLLQ
^^
㎜⁝ K
Q
K
F
階 O
㎜⁝
評㎝㎜
㎜旧 轡
⑳五
一PしL
eeTGGG鷹ATA㎜TA㎜ハ Ψ
PGAAYALYGV 08
㎜
一欄一躍鵬㎜c一一㎜
LLしLALPPRAYAMDREMAAS
492
㎜c㎝㏄一℃ccA一燃皿α蛇㏄σ㎜
TATKO義EAAAPMVESKNRA1・
01一㎜㎜㎜一皿一㎝A−
1BCGGAVLVGLVPLTLSPYYK』V
Figure2Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of HCV−N strain.The nucleotide sequence of HCV−N is shown in the upper line and deduced amino acid sequence of HCV−N is shown in the lower line,
respectively.
172
5521 A(::A(7rtllrlTxl,r.AJW,c,w・JvlllmcIAA1,1lrA11,Jvltx a 1 IA・tnc ',v :17vi・ri,N 'Aa :, ・t‑
l・1S8 E T r w A K R ,( w N F I s c I L, v L A U
5581 TA TWOCA:TCAC!GA: GCATrcACA lrCATCA 1778 L S T L P G N P A I A S L ,, A P T A s I 56d I ACCC rAccClcc:UrrrMc,vtcrlt nRuvlt・(,L:1L :cl 179GT s p L T T Q N T L L p N : L e G w v A
5701
1818A Q L A P p s A A S A F v G A G I A G A
S.61 T ATl GCAe
rc38A v G s I G L G x v L v D I L A c y c A le58G v A G A L v A F tc v a s G E v p s T E‑
5981
187e D L v N L L P A : L s p G A L v v G v v
5g41 G!Gc CM:T AOG!WCCC TGM:cc 1898c A A I L R R r, v G P G E G A v o w M N 6001 AT wCA lT!CccCc ACr ;1UI creAeA l・18R L I A F A S R G N R v S P T H Y v p E 6o61 ccGA rcAGA!cauCCAGCarraCCRTCAClrAccreC! A 1938 s D A A A R v T O I L s s L T I T Q L L
6121 Tr A M
1958K !t L H P c s G s w L OWINEDCST6181 eoGA TATecA
1978 R D v ,, D w I c T v L T D F K T w L O s
62dl TGCCAACeC : A Ae
19・8K L L P O L P G I P p L s C Q R G Y x G G301 ATCAl l:MCC a!ecccATo! AGCAcAGATCACCceAC 2cn8v w R a D G : ,! L T T C P c G A O I JT G
Ga61 Alx !CA,W:T l caIGAOCA AOC TG
2Q38H v K N G S ,1 R I v G P K T C S N T w tl
6421 GAACATTCCCCA:rcMcccAT C ncT
2058G T F P I N A Y T T G P C T P s p A P N
6.81 A:
2O78y s !t A L w R v A A E E Y v E v T R v G
6541 AITrcCACT W!1GOCCAI CCAOCTrcCee 2098 D F r, y v T G :, T T D N v ,c C P c o v p
66Ol AGGT Ccc,CCecCelncA
2118A P E P F T E v D G v R L R R Y A P A c
6661 eACC1, ar AGTA
2138R P L L R E E v ,t F Q v G L N O Y L v G 61 2 1 CGCAGC:!COCA COG,,T raGCAareCrCAC:rlCCAI arr,tccGATC 2158 s o L P c E P E P D v A v L T s ,, L T D
67 81 CCrcCC 11 MOCO8WF! r CCTCCT
217e p s H I T A E T A K R R L A R G P P P S
6841 I CC IGCACc cC
2198 L A s s s A S Q L S A P s L x A T c T T
e・OI A,rc・A.il5,Lcll'(J'cchoNxx;111, (xr 1'AltlhtlLlt 1lvLt ,l ',rtLn a lrl ・Na:At:A・na:
22rs H H D s p D A D L I E A N L l* w R L, L: ,1 6 961 e AAACATCAOCCOCGIOGAGrcAeA rMCerACT A,FT]・IllCACrCrrrcc̲ JLCC
223eG c N I T R v E s E N K v v I L D s F D
,02 1 co(*rlc Jvx:(x5AoL:Aa JAlr:A(jNxx;Nx:L 7lt・LlrrlLx l;t:,L( x:A(7A,ll'("IL ,Lk:AL:A・r
2258 P L R A E E D E R E v s v A E E; I L R R 7 081 AIGCGATQecc,,TA ecC ACMCCC:rCcA1l 2278s R x F P P A b, P I w A R P D y N P P L
7141 T , TccIGGA; AcccGGAcTA,ro,L・rc(r[ccGcrFA(;;rAcA1[xx71lscccA,ilUc・cAc
2298 L E s w K D P D y v P P v v H c c p L P
?201 C!ccTAA CccCTCCMTAccAccTC CAeAeT 2]18 P A K A P P I P P P R p te R T v v L T E
7261 CACT 5cAccTCcG lrGT
2338・s T v s s A L A E L A T K T F G s s G s 7321 CecceAeCec rTecTeACCAeAcCl cGAccAC ceAcA 235a s A v D s G T A T A L P D Q T s D D G D
i]81 AAceerCCG,L cc 2378K c s D v E s y s S b, P P L E G E P G D ACl rcCA CC
74dl cceA:
2398 P D L s D c S w s T v S D E A s E D v v 15O1 eclreClrAATgrcarACTCAT GACccoCeccATeATcACccCA OCWL 241B.c c s !1 s y s w T G A ,1 1 T P c A A E E
CCACAACATI eTn:ATG TcMccc rl Acc
7561
sLLR,tHN,1vy
2438s K L P I ,, P L S N
GMGercACCITrGACACACTecMO 7621 ccAcAAcArrclCeC
245eA T T s R s A C L R Q K x v T F D R L Q
7681 Toc! TMecAC1:ACCGGGA!CC CACTrA
2478v L D N tt Y R D v L K E tl K A K A S T V 7741 AccCTun Fer CeT CecCCCCACA oCCAeAT 2498 K A K L L s v E E A c X L T P P H s A R 7801 ccAMT!Tl Crn , lrC CAocGccolTMccAcA 25la s x F G y G A K D V R N L s s R A v N H 7861 TCCOCTC CAC SAGACACCMTTeACAccAccArcA 253e i R s v w x D L L E D T E T P T D T T I
7921 I cMAeAA ccccGcMeccAcx;l ccc MCc
2558 11 A x N E v F c v Q P E K e G R K P A R 7981 TrATO AT!CCCAGA: ATCC 3 Al lvlITACeAI l ; 25?8jL I v F P D L G v R V C E K M A L Y D v
8041 T ccAClrTrcCrcAGecceTGAl e ClrATACoGATTCCncl:acTICa:,LAec
2598 v s T L P Q A v Ft G P s Y G F Q Y s p K
8rol CAcCl TCwG IQCCerA AT
2618Q R v E F L v N T w K s K K c p M G F s
8161 ATeA GAAl cA
2638 y D T R c F D S T v T E N D I R v E E S 8221 TFrAccAA ccoMGCrMeCAoGccATMACTccarcACAGAcc 2G58 1 y O c c D L A P E A K O A I x s L T E
Figure 2
AceTea,r,LATrrA 5940
5640 179C b700 1018 5760 1838 5820 1858 5800 1879
rs90 6000 l・1B 6O6o 1938 6120 1958 6180
1 97 e 621O 1998 63aO 2O18 6]6a 2a] 9 642O 205G 61BO 207 8 6540 2098 6600 21le G660 2138 G720 2158 6780 217a 6B40 2198 6900 2218
,*q,*o
2:JB 7020 2258
,, s*,
227B 714O 2298 ,,oo 2318 7260 23]8 1320 2358 73Bo 2378 74la 2]9B 7500 2418 7560 2438 7620 2d58 76GO 24?8 7740 2498 7800 2518 78eo 25]8 7920 2558 7980 2578 8040 2598 8100 2GIB 816O 2638 822O 265B 8280 2678
e2el 2678 8341 2698 84cn 2718 8461 27]8 8521 27S8 8S81 2778 8641 2798 87O1 2818 8761 2838 8821 2859 88Bl 2e78 0941 289a 9001 2918 9O61 2938 9121 29S8 9181 2978 9241 29g8
GGalvrAT,Ll ( cslccc(,,oAc:lwv ,Ir v x xx :AL: JVlt ; I u x n・ rAl x x x I k r
RLyiGGPLTNSXGONceyRR
ecceCeC CT GC COe!1MTACCaCACAl TAall MGO
CRAS GVLTTSCGNTLTcyL A GAc:rcx:Ac:c・uvf e;crcx7luJU (1‑:G G:Ac:(;
ASAACRAAXLQDCT,1LVNGD
Ta GM:1rcA GGAl CG CCrncGAccar
DLVVICECTGTOE:DAANLRA ,,TGACC, T COGeGACCCOCCCCMCCAaMTnco
FTEAIITRysAPPODppOPEV
Aal earMTMCATCA TocATCl DLELITSCSSNVSVAHDASG
CWP AC1:nc CCccAlrOCA
XRVyYLTRDPTTPIARAAWE A:T!rc! r, CAACA:11CAIC,,TarncCCccCCAceT
C T TARHTPVNSWLGNI INYAPT
T I CMGGATeA:TTll A TCCT! :
LWARIIIL'IT'tprSILLAQEO
AGAT acTccATIGAACCAcrTeATC
LGl(ALDCOIYGAcys!EPLD
'TWI A:TeA Al raTTaGCGcA TAcrrAel, C
LPQIIERLHCLSAFSLt syS
C AGATCMT
PGEINRVASCLRKLGVPPLR acsCTACTerccc
VWRURARSVRARLLSOGCRA
AGTA GACcMGCTcA,nclrAeTCCM
ATCCKyLFNWAVRTKLXLTP LT
IPAASRLDLSGWFVAGysGG
AC, T, T nclrcTAC
DlyHSLSHARPRWP,,LCLLL
TrrcTowi racGc r CCCOTGA
Ls G+G****' R'
Figure 2
respectively. The sequence homology of HCV‑N also showed its closer relationship to HCV‑1 than to HC‑J6 and HC‑J8 isolates (Table 1). HC‑J8 possessed 23%
divergence with HC‑J6 and has been clearly identified as a separate genotype from HC‑J6 (Okamoto et al.,
1992b) . In order to confirm this conclusion, phylogenetic trees were constructed base on nucleotide
(gb]
40
30
2o
10
Rl・to
・9u 8doO
27 1 8
8d60 27]B B520 2750 8580 2778 864o 279B 870o 281S 87GO 2830 8820 285e R8Ro 2878 e9do 2898 9000 29le eo60 2938 gl20 295a 9180 2978 9240 2998 9295 3ou2
HCV
Group 1
l 111 b
Group 2
I11 a llll2a IV/2b
Hcv‑N HCV‑BKHCV‑J HCV‑JTHCV‑T Hcv‑1 Hc‑J6 Hc‑J8 Figure 3 Phylogenetic trees are based on nucleotide diver‑
gence (%). Sequence of all 8 HCV strains were campared and analyzed by the nearest neighbor method.
174
divergence throughout entire sequence using nearest neighbor method (Williams and Lance 1977) (Fig. 3).
This result indicated that 8 HCV strains can be classi‑
fied into 2 groups: the group I contains genotype II/1b
(HCV‑N, HCV‑BK, HCV‑J, HCV‑JT, HCV‑T) and genotype I/1a (HCV‑1); while group 2 contains genotype 111/2a (HC‑J6) and genotype IV/2b (HC‑J8) . Sequence variation in the E I and N‑terminus of E2/
NSI envelope glycoprotein regions among 3 HCV Nagasaki strains and 7 other HCV strains with publi‑
shed sequences
Recently, many papers reported that hypervariable regions existed in the N‑terminus of E2/NSI envelope glycoprotein region of HCV genome (Hijikata et al..
1991; Weiner et al.. 1991; Honda et al.. 1993). In order
175 HCv‑N LTCGFADLMC YIPLVGAPLG GAARALAHGV RVLEDGVNYA TGNLAGCSFS Hcv‑Nl
HCv‑N2 Hev‑ l Hev‑BK Hev‑ J Hev‑ JT Rev‑T
!1c‑ J6 Hc‑ J8
Hev‑N HCv‑Nl HCV‑N2 HCv‑ l HCv‑BK HCv‑ J HCv‑ JT HCV‑T t!C‑J6 HC‑ J8
HCV‑N HCV‑NI ' HCV‑N2 HCV‑ l HCV ‑ BX HCV‑ J HCV‑ JT HCV‑T HC‑J6 HC‑ J8
HCv ‑ N Hev‑Nl Hcv‑N2 Hev‑ l HCv ‑ BX Hcv ‑ J RCv‑ JT HCv‑T HC‑J6 Hc‑J8
HCV‑N HCV‑Nl HCv‑N2 HCv‑ l HCv‑BI<
Hev‑ J HCV‑ JT HCv‑T HC‑J6 HC‑J8
I
IFLLALLSCL
v v v
v v v
GND
El
TTPASAYEVR NVSGIYHVTN
I
v Q
I
r Q
:
I VA
V VV V
evpCVRENNL S
DS GA GS SF
A S EKVG T END GT WGDLCCSVF
H
P YIC P P P
F P P P
to know the HCV sequence diversity of the envelope glycoprotein in local area of Nagasaki, 2 other HCV Nagasaki strains (HCV‑N1 and HCV‑N2) were also cloned and sequenced for the region of nt 623‑1988, aa 126‑580 (nt and aa base on the HCV‑N number) . Alignment comparison of deduced aa sequence among 3 Nagasaki strains and other 7 HCV strains with publi‑
shed sequences were shown in Fig. 4. Two hypervaria‑
ble regions (HVR) were discovered in the N‑terminus of E2/NSI region. HVR I (aa 384‑411) was located directly downstream at the beginning of the E2/NS1, whereas HVR 2 (aa 475‑480) was observed 64 aa down‑
stream from the HVR 1. In the HVR I consisting of 28 aa, 10 aa residues were well‑conserved among 3 Nagasa‑
ki strains. Whereas
E2 / NSl
only 3 aa
HVR l
were conserved
HCV‑N HCV‑Nl BCV‑N2 HCV‑ l HCV‑BK HCV‑ J HCV‑ JT HCV‑T HC‑J6 HC‑J8
in this
LLFAGV
A V
R R H B H YT IS
HTV YSS
V T REA TLAQ SA H
AAK RVAS S
SAH TVA STAHN QEA
TSVFTSLFS P ATGLA FL
GLV L
VGV LA
NRLV M AS QSLV WL Q QSV F TG HSLA TQ ARTL GM L VAG AG TT
GASQR K PT K P P PA
R K
I
KI N K:
KI K K N
M ST L
DCSNSSIVYE P
A
225 AVDMI I DS pe
A I MHT A v MHT A A LHT A L MHT
A MHT
AG M}!T A M}!T LQAAVLHV LT AVLHL
HCV‑N
HCV ‑ N l
!1CV‑N2 HCV‑ l HCV ‑ BK HCV‑ J HCV‑ JT HCV‑T HC‑J6 }IC‑ J8
425 LIN TNGSWHINRT
VI
v
H A L X I TG M
I SS YA SRCWVALTPT
M
IPVS N
LH IQV N
LAARNPSVPT
j̲ SI
V T DGKL A
VT I
SI TI
V VQQ GAL NV
V VKHRGAL
TD TWQ N TWQ
ALNCNDSL}lT
E QA
Q N Q
EN Q Q
GFLAGVFYHN
L AL TY AL VH
W L H AL TH
I AL AH F AL AH SL A,i SL TH SL TH
KFNSSGCPER
N T LATCRPIDKF
MQ N MS S
S LTD MQ T MS E
M S SS
MS S
MSA S EA SS GL D
LS
275 TTIRRHVDLL VCAAAFCSAM
Q
s
S TL L
L A QGL T I MV MS TL L
RSL T MI M TA L
325 LVSQLFTFSP RRYETVQDCN CSLYPGHVTG HRMAWDMMM1 1̲
I
G
H
HH HW T G HV L
G M M M IV QHHWF V A M IL A MV Q rINFT E WS PTAALWS
T
Figure 4
QLLRIPQAW DWAGGHWGV
IM T A
T MA LL I A M A
TMILA YAM V EVII IIG A LTMILA YAA V EL L EIIF
I I I I I I I I I
L YLS
I S S S TI
Q I LS
37S LACLAYYSW GNWAKVLIVM
P
I F A VL
MP WLL FQ F Q A
VF IAIL A
HCV‑N HCV‑Nl HCV‑N2 HCV ‑ l HCV ‑ BX HCV‑ J HCV‑ JT HCV‑T HC‑J6 HC ‑ J8
HCV‑N HCV‑Nl HCV‑N2 HCV‑ l HCV ‑ BI(
HCV‑ J HCV‑ JT nCV ‑ T HC‑J6
HC ‑ J B
HCV‑N HCV‑Nl HCV‑N2 HCV‑ l HCV ‑ BK HCV‑ J HCV‑ JT HCV‑T HC‑J6 HC‑J8
Hev 2 SSP AQ PS I
TEPRDL TEADIQ VT
Q
DQK ER R R R R R R MR MR
VPTYTWQENE DL A A A A A
DR S R S N S
VGNNT
I D A
G DF DY L
A s
580 LI
1;
T H T V T V L L D
PYCWHYAPRQ Y T
P P
P P
PY XP P
P P p
TDVLLLNNTR rv I A
F F I
s
s s
S RA RA S
CGIVPASDVC AV SCLL
T
vs
QM KS
E Q Q Q S RT
PPHGNWFGCT Q Q Q Q Q Q O S
A
GPVYCFTPSP
T R V
WMNSTGFTKT
G Y
v 474 DQGwepITY N
A A RV RI
s H
ALQ E TLE E 523 VVVWTTDRLG
I
G G G G G G G G G
s rv S F F s F KQ 573 CGGPpCNlcc
Alignment of amino acid sequence among 10 HCV strains
‑BK, HCV‑J, HCV‑JT, HCV‑T, HC‑J6 and HC‑J8) in the E1 and N‑terminus of E2/NSI regions 126‑580). Two hypervariable regions (HVR I and HVR
‑glycosylation sites (N‑X‑S/T) are underlined.
A
A A
ASMD s :D
(HCV‑N, HCV‑Nl, HCV‑N2, HCV‑1, HCV
(aa 2) are shown by boxes. Potentral N
v v
RRA RRK
Table 2 HCV genotype classification including HCV‑N from this study and 15 entire HCV strains which have been reported by Sakamoto et al. (1994) .
Group Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
Genoty pe I/1a lc II/1b III/2a IV/2b V/3a
HCV‑ J
HCV‑BK
HC‑ J4/83
HCV‑1 HC‑ J4/91
HCV strains HCV‑H HC‑G9 HCV‑ JT HC‑ J6 HC‑ J8 NZL1
HC‑ J1 HCV‑T
HCV‑ JK1 HC‑C2 HCV‑N
Geogra phic Area
U.S.A.
Japan Indonesian
Japan China Taiwan
Japan Japan New
Zealand
region when a total 10 HCV strains were corrrpared. In the HVR 2 consisting of 6 aa, none of the aa were conserved among 3 Nagasaki strains. This hypervar‑
iability was also observed when a total 10 HCV strains were compared simultaneously. In the E1 and N‑termi‑
nus of the E2/NSI regions, 2 well conserved aa sequences were observed among 10 HCV isolates: G‑H
‑R‑M‑A‑W.TD‑M‑M (aa 315‑323) and W‑F‑G‑C‑T‑W
‑M‑N (aa 549‑556). Although 14 N‑glycosylation sites (N‑X‑S/T) were identified in HCV‑N, one of them (NNS at aa No. 475‑477) was unique to this strain and not present in 2 other Nagasaki strains and 7 other HCV strains with published sequences. Instead, HCV‑Nl and HCV‑N2 possessed another N‑glycosylation site (NFS or NSS at aa No. 250‑252). This glycosylation site is found also in HCV‑BK, HCV‑J, HCV‑JT, and HCV‑T
(Fig. 4). Altogether, only 9 N‑glycosylation sites were conserved in the E1 and N‑terminal of the E2/NS1 regions among 10 HCV strains shown in Fig. 4.
DISCUSSION
Relationship between genotype and geographic area of HCV strains including HCV‑N was shown by their sequence comparison using the classification by Sa‑
kamoto et al. (1994) (Table 2). The sequence homology indicated that HCV‑N strain did not possess its local genotypic character, and similar to HCV‑BK, HCV‑J and HCV‑JT strain which were isolated from other areas of Japan. All these strains apparently belong to the sarne genotype II/1b of group 1. This genotype also included HC‑J4/83; HC‑J4/91; HCV‑JKI of Japanese HCV strains, HC‑C2 of Chinese HCV strain and HCV
‑T of Taiwan strain. The genotype lc of group 1
includes HC‑G9 which was derived from Indonesian strain. While, the genotype I/la of group I includes HCV‑1 and HCV‑H which were derived frorn' American strains. Although another HC‑JI was Japanese strain, it was supposed to have originated from the US, because HC‑JI was derived froin a Japanese haemophiliac who developed hepatitis C after receiving US‑made factor VIII (Okamoto et al.. 1992a) . In group 2, HC‑J6 and HC
‑J8 belong to the 111/2a and the IV/2b genotype, respec‑
tively. Both of them were Japanese strains. In group 3, NZLI that carne from New Zealand belongs to V/3a genotype (Table 2). Simmonds et al. (1993b) have classified 6 major genotypes of HCV from 76 HCV isolates, which were almost worldwide collection, using phylogenetic analysis of the NS5 region. The 76 HCV isolates contained entire sequence of HCV‑1, HCV‑H,
HCV‑J, HCV‑BK, HCV‑T, HCV‑JT, HC‑J6 and HC
‑J8 strains and other partial sequence of HCV strains.
From this classification, only genotype 4, 5 and 6 showed highly restricted geographical distributions, being apparently confined to Egypt, South Africa and Hong Kong respectively (Simmonds et al.. 1993b).
Two hypervariable regions have already been obser‑
ved in the N‑terminus of the E2/NSI region. The number of con erved aa in the HVR I among 3 Nagasa‑
ki strains were higher than among a total 10 strains including 3 Nagasaki strains and 7 other HCV strains with published sequences. The numbers of conserved aa (5 aa/28 aa) among HCV strains of genogroup I (HCV
‑N/HCV‑1/HCV‑BK/HCV‑J/HCV‑JT/HCV‑T) were
higher than those (3 aa/28 aa) among 10 HCV strains which included genogroup 2 (HC‑J6 and HC‑J8). This result may give us an idea that aa conservation in the HVR I of the sarne genotype or genogroup of HCV are