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《韵学骊珠》中的语音问题

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(1)

Phonological Aspects of Quyun Lizhu

著者

石 汝傑

journal or

publication title

Studies in Foreign Affairs

volume

42

number

2

page range

29-40

year

2015-03-15

(2)

lj䷉ᄺ偞⦴NJЁⱘ䇁䷇䯂乬

石  汝  傑

ǂǂ⏙ҷ≜Ь呤㓪ⱘlj䷉ᄺ偞⦴NJˈᰃ᳆䷉৆Ϟⱘϔ䚼䞡㽕㨫԰DŽ԰㗙≜Ь呤ᰃ⏙ҷђ 䱚ᑈ䯈˄1736-1795˅࿘␘˄Ҟ∳㢣໾ҧ˅ҎDŽ䖭䚼кⱘ㓪ݭᅫᮼᰃЎଅ᳆ᦤկϔ䚼䷉кˈ 䰸њ԰㗙᠔⿄খ㗗њᮻ᳝ⱘ৘⾡䕲к˄ࣙᣀ䷉к˅໪ˈ݊Ёг㛑べ㾕Ҫ㞾Ꮕⱘ໾ҧᮍ㿔˄ሲ ਈ䇁˅ⱘᕅડDŽ᠔ҹˈ㽕⏅ܹ䅼䆎݊Ёⱘ䇁䷇䯂乬ˈ䰸њ㽕њ㾷ᯚ᳆ⱘ䷇䷉ԧ㋏П໪ˈ 䖬ᑨ䆹Ϣ⦄ҷ໾ҧᮍ㿔ⱘᴤ᭭㘨㋏䍋ᴹDŽᴀ᭛ḍ᥂ᴀк޵՟ঞ԰㗙䰘೼৘䷉ৢⱘ໮乍䇈 ᯢˈᴹ㗗ᆳ݊Ёⱘ៣᳆䇁䷇⦄䈵੠Ϣᮍ㿔᳝݇ⱘ䯂乬ˈᑊᔦ㒇ᭈ⧚њ݊Ёⱘডߛ⫼ᄫDŽ ǂǂ៥Ӏ೼ҹࠡⱘ䆎᭛ЁˈᏆ㒣ህlj䷉ᄺ偞⦴NJⱘ䷇㋏䖯㸠њ䅼䆎ˈ䖬߫њ䷇㡖㸼ˈҹ ֓᳈དഄ⧚㾷݊Ёⱘ䇁䷇䯂乬DŽ˄⷇∱ᵄ 1998ǃ2014˅ᴀ᭛ᰃᇍҹࠡ䙷ѯ䅼䆎ⱘ㸹ܙ ੠⏅ܹ䅼䆎DŽ

жȽжӑะᵢᾸᘫ

ǂǂҹϟˈҢ⦄ҷ䇁䷇ᄺ੠䷇䷉ᄺⱘ㾖⚍ߎথᇍᴀкЁՓ⫼ⱘϔѯ෎ᴀὖᗉخߎ䇈ᯢDŽ ˄ϔ˅Ѩ䷇ ǂǂᰃໄ↡ⱘߚ㉏ˈᅲ䰙Ϟ݅ 7 ㉏˄ᅿଚ㾦ᖉ㖑੠বᅿǃবᖉ˅ˈ݋ԧЎ ˖ ǂǂ˄1˅ᅿ ˖ࣙᣀ㟠ḍ䷇ g k gg ng hˈ੠ᓔষǃড়ষϸ੐ⱘ䳊ໄ↡DŽ˄2˅ଚ ˖ࣙᣀϸ ㉏㖬㟠䷇ ˖ϔ㉏ᰃ᠔䇧Ā㖬㟠৊āໄ↡ zr cr dzr sr zzrˈ᪺䷇ৃᵘᢳЎ㟠৊䷇ [][]ˈ 䖭ϔ㉏ৢ䴶ᐌ᥹唤啓ǃ᪂ষϸ੐ⱘ䷉↡ ˖঺ϔ㉏ᰃ᠔䇧Āこ⠭āໄ↡ˈzh ch dzh shˈ থ䷇᥹䖥Ҟ࣫Ҁ䆱ⱘ zh ch sh ㄝDŽ䖭ϸ㉏೼Ҟ࣫Ҁ䆱䞠Ꮖ㒣ড়ᑊˈ໻໮䇏Ў㖬㟠ໄ↡DŽ ˄3˅㾦˖ࣙᣀ㟠䴶ⱘ᪺䷇ǃา᪺䷇੠唏䷇ j q jj gnDŽ˄4˅ᖉ˖ᰃ㟠ᇪࠡ䷇ z c dz s zzDŽ˄5˅ 㖑 ˖ࣙᣀ㟠䴶᪺䷇ x xx ੠唤啓ǃ᪂ষϸ੐ⱘ䳊ໄ↡DŽ ǂǂ঺໪䖬᳝ϸ㉏ ˖˄6˅বᅿ ˖ঠ૛䷇ໄ↡ b p bb mˈ੠૛啓䷇ໄ↡ f vDŽ˄7˅বᖉ ˖ ࣙᣀ㟠ᇪЁ䷇ d t dd n ੠䖍䷇ lDŽ ˄Ѡ˅⏙⌞ ǂǂ∝䇁䷇䷉ᄺϞˈϔ㠀ᣛໄ↡ⱘথ䷇ᮍ⊩ˈḍ᥂ໄᏺ乸ࡼϢ৺˄ेᰃ৺ᏺ䷇˅ᴹऎߚDŽ Ԛᰃˈ᳆䷉Ё䖬ᡞ䗕⇨Ϣ৺԰Ўձ᥂ᴹߚ⏙੠⌞ˈԚᰃ⬠䰤ϡᕜ⏙ἮDŽ⏙䷇ ˖ᣛϡ䗕⇨ ⱘา䷇ǃา᪺䷇ໄ↡ˈ䳊ໄ↡ˈҹঞ㟠ᇪⱘ䖍䷇੠唏䷇DŽ⌞䷇ ˖䗕⇨䷇ˈгࣙᣀϔ䚼ߚ ᪺䷇DŽ⃵⌞䷇ ˖Џ㽕ᣛ᪺䷇DŽ ――

(3)

˄ϝ˅䰈䰇 ǂǂḍ᥂∝䇁䷇䷉ᄺⱘӴ㒳㾷䞞ˈ᳝ϸ⾡৿Н ˖˄1˅䷉↡ⱘߚ㉏ ˖޵ᰃҹ唏䷇ᬊሒⱘ䷉ ↡ˈিخ䰇ໄ䷉ˈབϰৠǃ∳䰇ǃⳳ᭛ǃⲥઌㄝ˗݊Ҫϡᏺ唏䷇䷉ሒⱘ䷉↡˄ҹܗ䷇ЎЏ˅ িخ䰈ໄ䷉ˈབ″ᖂǃ䔺㲛ǃ♄ಲǃᆊ咏ㄝDŽ˄2˅ໄ䇗ⱘ㉏߿˖޵ᰃসໄ↡Ў⌞䷇ⱘ䷇㡖ˈ ݊ໄ䇗ሲ䰇㉏ ˗޵ᰃসໄ↡Ў⏙䷇ⱘ䷇㡖ˈ݊ໄ䇗ሲ䰈㉏DŽᴀкЁˈᑇএܹߚ䰈䰇ˈ᳝ 䰈ᑇǃ䰇ᑇǃ䰈এǃ䰇এǃ䰈ܹǃ䰇ܹˈԚᰃˈϞໄⱘ໘⧚ᮍ⊩ϡৠˈ೼䷉Ⳃϟ⊼ЎĀ䰈 䰇ড়āˈ㗠৘䷉ݙ߭ߚ߿⊼Ā䰈ϞāǃĀ䰇ϞāϢĀ䰈䰇䗮⫼āϝ㉏ˈৢϸ㉏ⳌᔧѢ䰇ϞDŽ ˄ಯ˅ߎ䷇˄⒵ষǃ᪂ষ˅ ǂǂᣛ䷉↡ⱘᓔ༈䚼ߚˈेҟ䷇DŽᴀкⱘߚ㉏᥹䖥⦄ҷⱘĀಯ੐ā˄ᓔ唤ড়᪂˅ˈԚкЁ াՓ⫼ϸ㉏ ˖⒵ষ˄ⳌᔧѢড়ষ੐ˈҟ䷇ᰃ [u]˅ǃ᪂ষ˄ⳌᔧѢ᪂ষ੐ˈҟ䷇ᰃ [y]˅ˈ ᇍѢᓔষǃ唤啓ϸ੐ˈ߭ϡࡴ݋ԧ䇈ᯢDŽ೼ᅲ䰙Փ⫼⒵ষǃ᪂ষⱘৡ⿄ᯊˈгᐌ᳝⏋⎚ ⱘ⦄䈵DŽབϰৠ䷉ЁˈᑇໄᄫĀᆍā˄剐ᅣߛ˅ˈሲ᪂ষˈԚᰃϢ݊ⳌᇍᑨⱘএໄᄫĀ⫼ā ˄⍈῾ߛ˅ैᷛЎ⒵ষDŽৢ㗙䇃DŽ ˄Ѩ˅ᬊ䷇ ǂǂᣛ䷉↡ⱘᬊሒˈे䷉ሒDŽᴀкЁˈܗ䷇䷉ሒߚЎϸ㉏ ˖ᬊి˄i ䷉ሒ˅ǃᬊਰ˄u ䷉ ሒ˅ˈ䕙䷇䷉ሒߚЎϝ㉏˖唏䷇˄-n˅ǃᢉ㝁˄-ng˅ǃ䯁ষ˄-m˅DŽϢ≜ᅴ㒹ljᑺ᳆乏ⶹNJ ᬊ䷇ᘏ䆔Ёⱘᦤ⊩Ⳍড়DŽᣝ∝䇁䷇䷉ᄺⱘ⧚䆎ˈЁস∝䇁ⱘܹໄг᳝䕙䷇䷉ሒ˄བ [-p -t -k]˅ˈᴀкϡᦤˈॳ಴ᰃ ˖ܹໄ㱑✊ҡ✊⣀ゟˈ៤ЎϔϾ໻㉏ˈԚᰃᏆ㒣༅এ䙷ѯ䕙 ䷇䷉ሒˈ᠔ҹϡᖙࡴҹऎߚDŽℸ໪ˈ≵᳝ҟ䷇ǃ≵᳝䷉ሒⱘ䷉↡߭⿄ЎĀⳈߎ᮴ᬊāDŽ ˄݁˅䰈ߎ䰇ᬊ ǂǂᣛ೼䇏˄៪㗙ଅ˅䰇䇗ᄫᯊߎ⦄ⱘϔ⾡⦄䈵DŽߎ䷇ᯊ催˄ेৠ䰈䇗˅ˈ㋻᥹ⴔবᤶ ЎԢ䇗˄ेৠ䰇䇗˅DŽϔ㠀ⱘ⌞ໄ↡ᄫ䛑㛑ҹ䖭⾡ᮍᓣଅᗉDŽᇸ݊ᰃҹ hh xx ㄝໄ↡ᓔ ༈ⱘᄫˈབĀ༮āˈᓔ༈ᯊ䇏བĀᏠā˄x˅, 䇗催ˈৢञ᥹ⴔ䕀ܹԢ䇗ˈ䇏བĀ⿏ā( 䰇 ᑇ䇗 )DŽ᳔䖥ϔѯᑈᴹˈ䖭ϔ⦄䈵៤њ䆂䆎ⱘᇍ䈵ˈԚᰃ㽕ᔎ䇗ⱘᰃˈ䖭াᰃଅ᳆ᯊⱘ ϔ⾡᠟⊩ˈϡ㛑ⳟ԰⦄ᅲⱘᮍ㿔䇁䷇⦄䈵DŽ ˄ϗ˅ໄ↡ⱘ㸼⼎⊩ ǂǂᴀкЁˈϡ⫼Ӵ㒳ⱘᐂ⒖ϺᯢП㉏ⱘᄫ↡ᴹ㸼⼎ໄ↡ˈ㗠ᰃ⫼Ѩ䷇ǃ⒵ষǃ᪂ষ੠ ⏙⌞ㄝᴹ㸼⼎DŽ䖭䞠ҹϰৠ䷉ᴹⳟкЁⱘᅲ՟ˈ乎ᑣḍ᥂ॳ㨫ⱘѨ䷇ˈ৘䚼ߚϟˈܜᣝ Ӵ㒳ⱘໄ↡乎ᑣᥦˈ݊⃵ḍ᥂䷉↡ⱘ㉏߿˄ϔ㠀े᮴ᷛ䆄ǃ⒵ষǃ᪂ষ˅ᥦ߫DŽ ǂǂ㸼Ёˈ Ā䙯 / 㣩ā㉏ᣛৢϔᄫϢࠡϔᄫৠ䷇ˈԚᰃ঺᳝ᑮ䷉ⱘজ䇏DŽᄫৢ䰘Ā˄࣫˅ā ⱘˈᣛ䖬᳝࣫䷇ⱘ䇏⊩DŽ঺໪ˈ᳝ᷛĀ*āোⱘˈ㸼⼎㸼ৢ᳝䇈ᯢDŽ 䰈ᑇ 䰇ᑇ 䰈Ϟ 䰇Ϟ 䰈এ 䰇এ বᖈ ⏙䷇ d ϰ 㨷 ޏ ⌞䷇ t 䗮 ᤙ ⮯ ⌞䷇ dd ৠ ࡼ * ⋲

(4)

⏙䷇ l ੭ ᓘ ⏙䷇ l˄i˅ 䱚 ⒵ষ ⏙䷇ d ހ ␽ ⒵ষ ⌞䷇ t 㒳 㒳 ⒵ষ ⏙䷇ n ݰ 唜 ⒵ষ ⏙䷇ l 啭 ㄐ ᖈ ⏙䷇ z Ἂ ᘏ ㊝ ⌞䷇ c 㘾 ⌞䷇ dz ϯ / ዛ ⃵⌞䷇ s ጽ 䗕 ⒵ষ ⏙䷇ z ᅫ 㓐 ⒵ষ ⌞䷇ dz Ң Ң ⒵ষ ⃵⌞䷇ s(u) ⎲ / ᵒ ᙮ ᅟ ⒵ষ ⃵⌞䷇ zz(u) 乖 ᪂ষ ⏙䷇ z 䏾 㒉 㖑 ⏙䷇ yh 㵡 㦍 ⌞䷇ xx 䲘 ᪂ষ ⏙䷇ y 䲡 ࢛ / ∌ ນ / ੣ * ᪂ষ ⏙䷇ yh ᆍ */ 㤷 / 乭˄࣫˅ ⫼ * ᪂ষ ⌞䷇ x ߊ / ܘ ≍ ங বᅿ ⏙䷇ b ዽ ⌞䷇ p ⛍ ⌞䷇ bb 㫀 ᦑ ⏙䷇ m 㩭 㷧 Ṻ ⃵⌞䷇ f 亢 䆑 ⃵⌞䷇ v ރ ޸ ⒵ষ ⏙䷇ b 䵯 䗌 ⒵ষ ⌞䷇ bb ᳟ ෆ 㱠 / ⫣ ⒵ষ ⏙䷇ m ⫡ / 㧠 ៉ / ⣯ ᄳ ⒵ষ ⃵⌞䷇ f Є ᤻ 㨥 ⒵ষ ⃵⌞䷇ v 䗶 ༝ ᅿ ⏙䷇ g ݀ / ᅿ˄࣫˅ 䋵 ⌞䷇ k ぎ ᄨ ᥻ ⏙䷇ gg ݅ ⌞䷇ h ⚬ 䭻 ⌞䷇ hh ⋾ ⏙䷇ 0 㖕 ⒗ ⫂ ⏙䷇ 0h ∲ * ⒵ষ ⏙䷇ g 㚅 / ᙁ ᣅ / ⷓ ⒵ষ ⌞䷇ k ᘤ ⒵ষ ⌞䷇ h ␍ / 䕄 ⒵ষ ⌞䷇ hh /ᅣ ῾ ଚ ⏙䷇ zr Ё Ё   ――

(5)

⌞䷇ cr ܙ 䫇 ⌞䷇ dzr 㰿 ӆ ो㟠 ⃵⌞䷇ r ២ ** ⒵ষ ⏙䷇ zr ⾡ ⒵ষ ⌞䷇ cr 䐉 ⒵ষ ⌞䷇ dzr 䞡 ᪂ষ ⏙䷇ zr 䬎 ⾡ ᪂ষ ⌞䷇ cr 㸱 ᅴ ᪂ষ ⌞䷇ dzr 䞡 䞡 ᪂ষ ⃵⌞䷇ sr 㟖 ᪂ষो㟠 ⃵⌞䷇ r 㤌 ݫ 㾦 ⌞䷇ q き ⌞䷇ jj か ᪂ষ ⏙䷇ j ᠗ 䖹 ᪂ষ ⌞䷇ q ҏ᳆ ᪂ষ ⌞䷇ jj 䙯 / 㣩 ᪂ষ ⏙䷇ gn ⌧ *ࡼ ˖ॳ߫ЎĀ㾦⏙䷇āˈ䇃ˈḍ᥂݊䷇䷉ഄԡ䇗ᭈDŽ *∲ ˖ॳ㨫া߫Ā⏙䷇āˈ᳾߫Āᅿāˈḍ᥂䷇䷉ഄԡ߫೼ℸḐDŽ *⫼ ˖ॳ㨫߫ЎĀ⒵ষ⏙䷇āˈ݊䷇䷉ഄԡᔧϢĀᆍāৠˈЎ᪂ষDŽ *ນ ˖ॳ㨫߫ЎĀ⒵ষ⏙䷇āˈ݊䷇䷉ഄԡᔧϢĀ䲡āৠˈЎ᪂ষDŽ **䖭ϔ䚼ߚˈ⒵ষǃ᪂ষⱘ߫⊩ᕜ⏋хˈ䆺㾕ϟ᭛ߚᵤDŽ

ӂȽ֒㘻Ⲻ䈣丩ᝅ䇼ૂ༺⨼ᯯ⌋

˄ϔ˅lj䷉ᄺ偞⦴NJⱘ䷇㋏ᰃϔϾҎЎⱘԧ㋏ ǂǂlj䷉ᄺ偞⦴NJᰃЎଅ᳆㓪ݭⱘˈ݊䷇㋏ᰒ✊ᰃҎЎⱘˈᑊϡᰃᔧᯊᶤϾ㞾✊ᮍ㿔ⱘ ᅲ䰙䆄ᔩDŽ޵՟䇈ℸкᰃĀড়फ࣫Ўϔкāˈᑊ⿄ˈᰃҹljЁᎲ䷇䷉NJЎᑩᴀˈᑊখ㗗ljЁ ॳ䷇䷉NJlj⋾℺ℷ䷉NJㄝ䷉кঞ໮⾡䆡݌੠᭛⤂ˈ㓪ݭ㗠៤DŽ᠔ҹˈৃҹ᥼⌟ˈ԰㗙ᰃ ḍ᥂ଅ᳆ⱘᅲ䏉੠⦄᳝ⱘ䷉кˈࡴҹᣐޥ੠ᭈ⧚ⱘDŽ䆕᥂᳝ᕜ໮DŽ ǂǂ佪ܜˈ԰㗙ᐌᐌᇍᮻ䷉к䞠ⱘߚ㉏㸼⼎ϡ㾷DŽབ ˖ ǂǂlj䆫䷉NJЁℸ䷉Ϣᬃ♄ㄝ䷉៪ߚ៪ড়ˈ᳾ⶹ݊НDŽ˄″ᖂ˅ ǂǂlj䆫䷉NJҹℸ䷉Ϣྥ῵៪ߚ៪ড়ˈϡⶹ݊НDŽ˄ሙ剐˅ ℸ໪ˈᬃᯊǃⱚᴹǃⳳ᭛ǃ⃶ḧǃ໽⬄ǃ㧻䈾ǃᆊ咏ǃᑮҁǃⲥઌ৘䷉ঞܹໄܿ䷉ⱘ䇈ᯢЁˈ 䛑᳝Āϡⶹ݊НāП㉏ⱘ䇈⊩DŽ㟦ໄ 21 ䷉Ёˈコ✊᳝ 11 ䷉ᦤࠄ䖭ϔ䯂乬ˈࡴϞܹໄˈ ԰㗙޴Т೼໻䚼ߚഄᮍˈ䛑ᇍᮻ䷉кⱘߚ㉏㸼⼎ϡ⧚㾷DŽ䖭䇈ᯢњ᮶᳝সҞ䇁䷇ⱘ㉏߿ ϡৠˈজ੠ଅ᳆ⱘᅲ䏉᳝ᕜ໮⶯Ⳓˈ䅽԰㗙ᕜೄᚥDŽг䇈ᯢ԰㗙ϡពসҷ䷉к˄བljᑓ ䷉NJ˅ⱘ㒧ᵘঞ݊䇁䷇㋏㒳ˈгϡᯢⱑসҞ䇁䷇䯈ⱘᇍᑨ݇㋏DŽ

(6)

ǂǂ݊⃵ˈ԰㗙ᰃḍ᥂㞾Ꮕᇍ᳆䷉ⱘ⧚㾷ˈᑊখ㗗ᮻ䷉кˈᇍᬊܹᴀкⱘ৘䷉ࡴҹᔦᑊˈ ៪㗙ߚᵤⱘDŽབ೼ϰৠ䷉᳿ˈ԰㗙䇈˖Āߎ䷇П᪂ষǃ⒵ষ঺߫㗙ˈᙝ✻lj䆫䷉NJϔϰǃ Ѡހㄝ䷉ߚПDŽlj䆫䷉NJЁПߚড়ПৃҢ㗙ᚳℸˈᬙϡႠད༛ˈ㗠᮶ড়݊䷉ˈ໡ҹߎ䷇ ߿ПDŽāгህᰃ䇈ˈᑇ∈䷉ЁⱘϰހП߿ˈ೼ᴀкЁ㱑✊ড়Ўϔ䷉ˈԚ䖬ҹҟ䷇˄ߎ䷇˅ ⱘϡৠ㸼⼎݊ऎ߿ˈབĀϰˈ໮㖕ߛāˈ᮴ҟ䷇ˈĀހˈ䛑㖕ߛāˈ᳝ҟ䷇ [u]˄⒵ষ˅DŽ ҹ㟈԰㗙㛑ᡞϰৠ䷉㾷ᵤᕫᓔ唤ড়᪂ಯ੐ׅܼˈ䖭ᰃসҞ∝䇁䷇㋏Ё᠔≵᳝ⱘ⦄䈵DŽ ˄Ѡ˅ໄ↡ǃ䷉↡ⱘߚ㉏᳝ϡড়⧚П໘ ǂǂ԰㗙ᇍ᳆䷉ⱘߚ㉏ᰃখ㗗৘⾡ᮻ䷉кᑊ㘨㋏ଅ᳆ⱘᅲ䏉㗠䖯㸠ⱘDŽҢϞ䴶ⱘߚᵤ㛑 ⳟࠄˈ݊ЁҎЎⱘ៤ߚᕜ໮DŽݡⳟໄ↡ˈ԰㗙ϡՓ⫼ᐂ⒖ϺᯢП㉏ⱘᄫ↡ˈ㗠⫼Ѩ䷇ǃ ⏙⌞ǃ⒵ষǃ᪂ষㄝᴹҷ㸼ˈ՟㾕Ϟ᭛᠔߫ϰৠ䷉ⱘ䷇㡖㸼DŽԚᰃˈ⬅ℸѻ⫳ⱘ䯂乬ᕜ ໮ˈ݊ЁϔϾህᰃ԰㗙㞾Ꮕг᮴⊩ྟ㒜ϔ䌃ഄᠻ㸠ˈϞ䴶ⱘ㸼᳿Ꮖ㒣᳝ϔѯ䇈ᯢDŽ԰Ў ᅲ՟ˈ䖭䞠ᴹⳟϞ㸼ЁĀଚāϟⱘ⒵ষǃ᪂ষㄝ৘ᄫⱘ݇㋏ ˖ 䰈ᑇ 䰇ᑇ 䰈Ϟ 䰇Ϟ 䰈এ 䰇এ ଚ ⒵ষ ⏙䷇ zr ⾡ ⒵ষ ⌞䷇ cr 䐉 ⒵ষ ⌞䷇ dzr 䞡 ᪂ষ ⏙䷇ zr 䬎 ⾡ ᪂ষ ⌞䷇ cr 㸱 ᅴ ᪂ষ ⌞䷇ dzr 䞡 䞡 ᪂ষ ⃵⌞䷇ sr 㟖 ᪂ষो㟠 ⃵⌞䷇ r 㤌 ݫ Ԛᰃˈ៥Ӏḍ᥂৘ᄫⱘডߛϞϟᄫᴹ߸ᮁˈ݊ᅲ⒵ষⱘϝϾᄫ˄⾡ǃ䐉ǃ䞡ˈ䛑ᰃএໄ˅ 䛑ᑨ䆹ᔦܹ᪂ষˈϢĀ䬎āㄝᰃৠϔ㉏ ˖ zr 䬎 ˖䇌㖕 ⾡ ˖Џ⒗ ⾡ ˖ネ⫂ cr 㸱 ˖ᵶ㖕 ᅴ ˖໘⒗ 䐉 ˖㾺⫂ dzr 䞡 ˖䰸ᅣ 䞡 ˖᷅∲ 䞡 ˖䗤῾ sr 㟖 ˖㟦㖕 ᠔ҹˈ԰㗙Փ⫼䖭ϔߚ㉏⊩ˈ෎ᴀϞᰃ༅䋹ⱘˈ݊ৢᵰᰃ䅽ᕜ໮ଅ᳆ⱘҎ䗋ᚥϡ㾷DŽҹ 㟈ৢϪⱘϔѯ㨫԰гফᆇϡ⌙ˈབ乍䖰ᴥⱘкЁˈЎℸ໻䌍਼ゴˈг≵㛑䇈⏙ἮDŽ ˄ϝ˅԰㗙䞡㾚৘䷉П䯈ⱘѦⳌ݇㋏ ǂǂ԰㗙ࡾ࡯ᛇ䅽䇏㗙⧚㾷᳆䷉ⱘĀℷ⹂āথ䷇DŽབᔧᯊ䅽മᣕ㽕⫼Āℷ䷇āଅ᳆ⱘҎ ༈⮐ⱘ⦄䈵 ˖ᕜ໮ҎᏆ㒣ߚϡ⏙ -m –n –ng ϝ㉏䷉ሒˈ᠔ҹˈ԰㗙㽕೼᳝݇৘䷉ϟˈ ড໡خߎ䇈ᯢDŽݍᇚ䖭ѯ䇈ᯢ㔫߫ߎᴹ ˖ ǂǂϰৠ ˖ℸ䷉ᬊܹ唏䷇ˈϢᑮҁ䷉ৠˈᬙ䷉Ёᄫ໮᳝Ϣᑮҁ䗮㗙DŽԚϡ↨ᑮҁˈ᳝ⳳ ᭛Ўᢉ㝁ˈ։ᇏЎ䯁ఈП߿DŽᬙϪ䛑ϡҹℸЎ唏䷇㘇DŽݍ⡍㸼ПDŽ ǂǂ∳䰇 ˖ℸ䷉ᔧᬊܹ唏䷇ˈѺϢᑮҁ䷉ৠˈҹᑆᆦЎᢉ㝁ˈⲥઌЎ䯁ఈˈℸ䇈໻ὖ᳾   ――

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㛑ሑᯢˈᬙ∳䰇ǃᑆᆦѠ䷉៪㟇Ѧᬊˈ㗠ⲥઌПᴀ䷇ⳈϢ㑪ᒝ᮴ᓖ⶷DŽݍ⡍㸼ПDŽ ǂǂᑮҁ ˖ℸ䷉ᬊܹ唏䷇ˈᔧϢⳳ᭛Пᢉ㝁ǃ։ᇏП䯁ఈߚᕫᯢǃ䆄ᕫ⏙ˈᮍ⿄㛑㗙DŽ ǂǂᑆᆦ ˖ℸ䷉ᖙᢉ㝁ᬊ䷇ˈྟϢ∳䰇䷉ߚᕫ⏙ˈ݊䇈㾕∳䰇䷉DŽ ǂǂ໽⬄ ˖ℸ䷉Ϣ㑪ᒝ᳝ᢉ㝁䯁ఈᬊ䷇П߿ˈԚ㛑䆄ᯢϔ䷉Ёᄫˈ߭佔ⱚ᥼ܹᕐ䷉⶷DŽ ǂǂ։ᇏ ˖ℸ䷉䯁ఈᬊ䷇ˈᔧϢⳳ᭛Пᢉ㝁ˈᑮҁПᬊ唏䷇ˈߚᬊᕫᯢˈᮍཹDŽ ǂǂⲥઌ˖ℸ䷉Пߎ䷇ᄫ䑿Ϣ∳ǃᑆѠ䷉ⱚৠˈ㄀∳ᬊ唏䷇ˈᑆᬊᢉ㝁ˈ㗠ℸᬊ䯁ఈ㘇DŽ Ϫ᳝ҹℸ䷉ЁᄫϢ㑪䷉ৠ䇏ˈབⲥ䇏ݐǃઌ䇏ႠП㉏㗙ˈᔧҹᄫ䑿߿Пˈ߭㞾✊ϡৠ⶷DŽ ǂǂ㑪ᒝ ˖ℸ䷉ߎ䷇ǃᄫ䑿ⱚϢ໽⬄ⳌৠˈԚ໽⬄ᬊᢉ㝁ˈ㗠ℸ䷉ᬊ䯁ఈЎ߿㘇DŽ ǂǂᘏ㒧ҹϞ৘乍䇈ᯢ˖˄1˅唏䷇˄䷉ሒ˅ⱘ᳝ϰৠǃ∳䰇ǃᑮҁˈᢉ㝁ⱘ᳝ᑆᆦǃ໽⬄ㄝˈ ։ᇏǃⲥઌǃ㑪ᒝ߭ᰃ䯁ఈ˄䯁ষ˅DŽ˄2˅ܗ䷇˄ᴀ䷇ǃᄫ䑿˅Ⳍৠˈ㗠䷉ሒϡৠⱘᰃ˖ ᑮҁ - ⳳ᭛ - ։ᇏˈ∳䰇 - ᑆᆦ - ⲥઌˈ໽⬄ - 㑪ᒝDŽ˄3˅԰㗙䖬ᬭ䇏㗙䆄ᖚⱘᮍ⊩ˈ བᡞ໽⬄䷉ⱘᄫ䆄ԣˈ䙷М࠽ϟⱘৠ㉏ᄫ䛑ৃᔦܹ㑪ᒝ䷉DŽ ǂǂ䖭䞠㛑⏙Ἦഄ㾕ࠄ≜ᅴ㒹ljᑺ᳆乏ⶹNJⱘᕅડDŽৠᯊг㛑ⳟࠄˈ೼≵᳝⾥ᄺⱘ⧚䆎 ੠ᮍ⊩ⱘᯊҷˈ㽕䇈⏙Ἦ䖭ḋⱘ䯂乬ˈⳳᰃ໳䕯㢺ⱘDŽ

пȽфᯯ䀶ᴿީⲺ⧦䊗

ǂǂ↟ᒌ㕂⭥ˈкЁ᠔䇧Āफ䷇ā᳝ᯢᰒⱘਈᮍ䷇ⱘ⮩䗍DŽ԰㗙೼ᇍ᳆䷉خ䇈ᯢᯊˈг 䞡㾚㘨㋏ᮍ䷇ⱘᅲމDŽϔᮍ䴶ᰃˈ׳ҹ䇈ᯢ䷉кĀℷ䷇āϢᮍ㿔П䯈ⱘ݇㋏ˈ঺ϔᮍ䴶 䖬᳝⶿ℷᮍ䷇Ā䫭䇃āⱘⳂⱘDŽ ǂǂҹϟܜ߫ߎкЁ݇Ѣᮍ㿔ⱘ৘乍䆄ᔩˈ✊ৢࡴҹߚᵤǃ䆘䆎DŽ ǂǂ˄1˅∳䰇 ˖਒࿘फජˈഄߚ௝䙥ˈ䷇ໄ⬹ᏺ⫳⹀ˈ޵ᑆᆦ䷉ᄫˈׅϢ∳䰇䷉ᄫ䇏ˈ བᑆ䇏ݜǃᆦ䇏ᵁП㉏DŽᬙ㽓ජҎⳂП᳄फ䮼ᄫⴐDŽ䖥ᴹˈ㽓ජ᳝℆䙓फ䮼ᄫ㗙ˈ޵∳ 䰇䷉ᄫˈডׅབᑆᆦ䷉ᄫ䇏ˈབ咘䇏䖬ǃ∾䇏ᔃП㉏ˈℸ⮙㢣䚵Ё䯈Ѻ᳝ПDŽ㢹ϡᗹℷˈ ᇚᖙ㹿᳝䆚㗙জϡⶹⳂЎԩ໘ᄫⴐ⶷DŽ㾕ℸ䇈㗙ˈࡵᔧ㞾ⳕˈ㛑Ѣ唏䷇ǃᢉ㝁Ѡ㗙ߚᬊ ᕫᯢˈᮍ᮴ℸ⮙DŽ ǂǂ ᣝ ˖਒ ࿘ˈ ᣛ ໾ ҧˈ স ⿄ ࿘ 䙥ǃ ࿘ ওDŽ 䖭 䞠 䇈 ໾ ҧ फ ජ ᳝ ᑆ ᆦ ⏋ ܹ ∳ 䰇 ⱘ ⦄ 䈵 ˖ᑆ -> ݜǃ ᆦ -> ᵁˈ े [an] 䇏 ៤ [a]DŽ 䖭 ḋ ⱘ ⦄ 䈵ˈ ೼ ⏙ ᳿ ⇥ ߱ 䖬 ᄬ ೼ˈ བ Āᑆā[ka]Ā䝌ā[sa]ˈेᔧᯊ᠔䇧ⱘĀ唚唏䷇āDŽ˄໾ҧওᖫ 852 义˅᳈᳝䍷ⱘᰃˈ к䞠䆄䕑ˈᔧᯊ䖬᳝ϔ⾡⶿ᵝ䖛ℷⱘخ⊩ˈे䫭䇃㉏᥼ˈড䖛ᴹᡞ∳䰇䷉ᄫг䇏བᑆᆦDŽ ǂǂ˄2˅″ᖂ ˖㟇फ䷇ЁˈੇПϢԡˈံПϢסˈ䷇ໄ㒱ϡⳌ৊ˈԩҹৠܹϔ䷉˛ ǂǂᣝ ˖Āੇā੠ĀԡāˈĀံā੠Āסāˈ⦄ҷਈ䇁гϡৠ䷇DŽࠡϔ㒘ˈ䰸њ䷉↡ϡৠˈ ໄ↡гϡϔḋˈĀੇāᰃ [vi],Āԡāᰃ [ue]; ৢϔ㒘߭ᰃ [bi][be]DŽ

ǂǂ˄3˅ᑆᆦ ˖֫ҹ䷉Ёཌᄫ䇏㙽ǃᚁ䇏⡉ǃ买䇏㿔ǃ䯆䇏䋸ǃ᷀䇏䐛ǃ䰤䇏⦄ˈབ ℸ߭Ϣ໽⬄䷉ᄫ᮴ᓖ⶷DŽ㒚ᶹ䇌䷉кˈℸѠ䷉Ң᮴ড়П㗙ˈ߭ⶹℸ䷉Пߎ䷇ᄫ䑿ᴀϢ∳ 䰇ৠ䇏ˈ㗠ᚳᬊ䷇৘߿ˈϢ໽⬄㒱᮴ᑆ⍝DŽ䆩ᇚ㢣ᯚ໾ҹϟೳ䷇䇏Пˈབཌ䇏䴽ᅝߛˈ

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㗠㙽᮴ℸ䷇ ˗ᚁ䇏ܟᅝߛˈ㗠⡉᮴ℸ䷇ ˗买䇏乱ᆦߛǃ䯆䇏ড়䯥ߛˈ㗠㿔ǃ䋸᮴ℸ䷇ ˗ ᷀䇏䴽䌻ߛǃ䰤䇏ড়⚖ߛˈ㗠䐛ǃ⦄᮴ℸ䷇ˈ߭ⶹℸ䷉ЁᄫϢ໽⬄䷉ᮁ᮴ড়П㗠ৠ䷇䇏 ПП⧚ˈ㗠ϪП℠᳆㗙ⱚᖙড়㗠ϔПˈᰃ᳾ⶹℸ䷉Пᴀ䷇ᬙгDŽҞᔧᙝ✻ߛ䷇䇏Пˈ݊ ䷇㞾ℷDŽ ǂǂᣝ ˖԰㗙ܜᡍ䆘᳝ҎᡞĀཌā䇏ৠĀ㙽āⱘ⦄䈵˄䖭ᔧ✊ᰃ῵ӓ࣫ᮍ䆱ⱘ䇏䷇˅ˈ 䖭ḋህϢ໽⬄䷉⏋ৠњDŽᣛߎ݊Џܗ䷇ᑨ䆹Ϣ∳䰇ৠˈাᰃᬊ䷇˄䷉ሒ˅৘߿ˈ㗠੠໽ ⬄䷉᮴݇DŽজᣛߎˈབᵰ⫼㢣Ꮂǃᯚቅǃ໾ҧⱘೳ䷇ᴹ䇏ˈ㛑ⳟࠄˈཌ˄䴽ᅝߛ˅Į㙽ǃ ᚁ˄ܟᅝߛ˅Į⡉ǃ买˄乱ᆦߛ˅Į㿔ǃ䯆˄ড়䯥ߛ˅Į䋸ǃ᷀˄䴽䌻ߛ˅Į䐛ǃ䰤˄ড় ⚖ߛ˅Į⦄DŽㅔऩᴹ䇈ˈህᰃ㾕㋏ᓔষѠㄝᄫˈ੠ϝಯㄝᄫⱘ䇏䷇ϡৠˈࠡ㗙䖬ֱᣕᓔ ষˈ≵᳝ /i/ ҟ䷇ˈ㗠ৢ㗙᳝߭ҟ䷇ /i/DŽ঺໪ˈ䖭ѯ՟ᄫ䖬ਞ䆝៥ӀˈᔧᯊĀᚁǃ᷀ā 䖭ḋⱘк䴶ᄫ䖬ֱ⬭ⴔᓔষⱘ䇏䷇DŽ ǂǂ˄4˅⃶ḧ˖਒࿘ೳ䷇᳝ҹᑆᆦ䷉Ёᄫ䇏԰ℸ䷉Ё䷇㗙ˈབЍ䇏ッǃⒽ䇏␡ǃᔍ䇏ಶǃ ⅟䇏᫦ǃӲ䇏ㅫǃ⚁䇏ᔪǃ㲟䇏↉П㉏DŽ䯏㗙㥿ϡ䴲ュПDŽ㗠Āᑆᅝᆦ䍊ᑍⳟඉ∫āㄝ ᄫ߭জ໻ὖⱚ৊ℸ䷇䷉ˈ䇏П㗠ϡ㾝㗙ˈℸⲪೳ䷇ЁП䗮Ѣ֫㗙гDŽᰃⱚϡ㛑ⶹߎ䷇ᄫ 䑿ПⱚৠѢ∳䰇ˈ㗠⣀ҹᢉ㝁ᬊ䷇߿Пˈᖙϡᕫᑆᆦ䷉Пℷ䷇DŽ䖥ᴹজ᳝ᘤᄫ䷇Пϡℷ 㗠ЎҎ䴲ュ㗙ˈডҹℸ䷉Ёᄫ䕀৊԰ᑆᆦ䷉䷇㗠䇏Пˈབッ䇏Ѝǃಶ䇏ᔍǃⷁ䇏ᢙǃㅫ 䇏Ӳǃ↉䇏㲟ǃх䇏⚖П㉏ˈᕐᮍ㞾ҹЎᕫ䷇Пℷˈ㗠䯏㗙㥿ϡ஋佁⶷DŽᰃজϡ㛑ⶹℸ ䷉Пᖙҹ⒵ষ᪂ষПЎߎ䷇ݐᄫ䑿ˈ㗠Ѻҹᢉ㝁ᬊ݊䷇㗙ˈ߭ᖙϡᕫℸ䷉Пℷ䷇гDŽ ǂǂᣝ˖䖭䞠ܜᣛߎ໾ҧೳ䆱ⱘϔϾ⦄䈵˖᳝Ҏᡞ䚼ߚᑆᆦ䷉Ёⱘᄫ䇏ৠℸ䷉˄Ѝ䇏ッǃ Ⓗ䇏␡ㄝˈĀЍⒽāㄝᰃᑆᆦ䷉ˈ㗠Āッ␡ā߭ሲ⃶ḧ䷉˅ˈ㗠Ϩᮍ㿔䞠ˈĀᑆᅝᆦ䍊ᑍ ⳟඉ∫āㄝᄫ˄ᴀкሲᑆᆦ䷉˅г໻໮৊ℸ䷉ˈ᠔ҹᕔᕔϡ㾝ᕫ᳝Ā䫭䇃āDŽ㗠Ϩˈ᳝ Ҏ೼ଅ᳆ᯊˈᗩଅ䫭ˈ⶿ᵝ䖛ℷˈডᡞℸ䷉Ёⱘᄫ䇏԰ᑆᆦ䷉˄ッ䇏Ѝǃಶ䇏ᔍП㉏˅DŽ ḍ᥂lj໾ҧওᖫNJⱘ䆄ᔩˈ⦄ҷ໾ҧᮍ㿔䞠ˈϢ⃶ḧ䷉ᇍᑨⱘᰃ ˖[] ㉏᳝Ā䋾䰩ᑆⳟ ∝∫Ḝǃッಶᱪхこǃ䗑⿙ǃᬊ᠟㓌āㄝˈ[i] ᳝ĀोࡱᴗॳܗἺ⥘೚ݸāㄝˈ݊ߚᏗ ⍝ঞᴀкⱘᑆᆦǃ⃶ḧǃ♄ಲǃ叴փㄝ໮Ͼ䷉DŽԚᰃˈ⦄ҷ࣫䚼ਈ䇁䞠ĀЍ䇏ッāⱘ⦄ 䈵ᕜᇥ㾕ˈ໾ҧᮍ㿔䞠гϡ㾕䖭ḋⱘ՟ᄤDŽ ǂǂ঺໪ˈ԰㗙ᣛߎˈଅ᳆ᯊˈ䇏ᑆᆦ䷉㽕ᡞߎ䷇ǃᄫ䑿䇏ৠ∳䰇˄ेЏܗ䷇ᰃ [a]˅ˈ Ԛᰃ䷉ሒ㽕⫼ᢉ㝁˄[n]˅ᬊ䷇ ˗㗠⃶ḧ䷉߭ᖙ乏ҹ⒵ষ᪂ষЎߎ䷇ᑊݐᄫ䑿˄ेᭈϾ 䇏៤ϔϾ೚૛䷇˅ˈ䷉ሒг㽕ᬊᢉ㝁DŽ ǂǂ˄5˅叴փ ˖Ϫ᳝䇏ℸ䷉ЁᄫϡᬊР䷇㗠ডᬊి䷇ˈབ䇟䇏ṙǃ࿘䇏䖥䳋ǃ㣖䇏ၮǃ 䈚䇏䖥ܥ㗙ˈ䇧ПĀ⢃叴փāDŽѺ᳝䇏♄ಲ䷉ᄫˈϡᬊి䷇㗠ডᬊਰ䷇ˈབේ䇏ܰǃṙ䇏䇟ǃ 䝝䇏༣ǃ⨲䇏ۑ㗙ˈ䇧ПĀড叴փāDŽᰃⱚϡⶹߚᬊిਰПᬙ㘇ˈ㢹㛑䅸ᯢ♄ಲПᖙᬊి䷇ˈ ℸ䷉Пᖙᬊਰ䷇ˈ߭᮴ℸ⮙⶷DŽ ǂǂᣝ : ĀϡᬊР䷇㗠ডᬊి䷇āˈᰃ䇈䷉ሒᑨᰃ [u]ˈৃᰃ䇏៤њ [i]ˈгህᰃ䇈叴փ䷉ 䞠ⱘĀ䇟࿘㣖䈚āˈ䇏ᕫڣ♄ಲ䷉˄ṙ䳋ၮܥ˅DŽⳌডˈ♄ಲ䷉䞠ⱘ䚼ߚᄫ˄ේṙ䝝⨲˅   ――

(9)

߭䇏ৠ叴փ䷉˄ܰ䇟༣ۑ˅њDŽ⦄ҷᮍ㿔䞠䖬᳝ⳌԐⱘ⦄䈵ˈབ [e]˄ⳌᔧѢ♄ಲ˅᳝ĀⲬ ᭫סāˈĀ 䗑⿙āϢĀᬊ᠟㓌āৠЎϔ䷉ []DŽ໾ҧ䰘䖥ⱘ௝ᅮᮍ㿔䞠˖᥼ًǃ䗔䗣ǃ䯳䈚ǃ 䗑਼ǃڀᢑばǃ㱑ᬊ䝌ǃቕ⯺Ӳˈߚ߿ৠ䷇ˈ䷉↡Ў []DŽ ǂǂ⬅ℸৃ㾕ˈ䖭ḋⱘৠ䷇⦄䈵Ϣᴀк᠔߫ⱘ᳝ϡৠˈ᠔ҹ៥Ӏ㛑᥼⌟ˈᔧᯊ໾ҧᮍ㿔 Ꮖ㒣ᄬ೼䖭ḋⱘ䇁䷇⦄䈵ˈ㱑✊ࠄ⦄ҷজথ⫳њᮄⱘব࣪ˈԚᰃᅗӀП䯈ᑨ䆹᳝㘨㋏DŽ 䘫ធⱘᰃˈ⦄ҷ໾ҧᮍ㿔ⱘ䆄ᔩ໾ᇥˈ᮴⊩خ᳈⏅ܹⱘ䅼䆎DŽ

഑ȽɅ丫ᆜ僀⨖ɆⲺਃ࠽⭞ᆍ

ǂǂᴀ㡖ᡞкЁՓ⫼ⱘডߛϞϟᄫ᧰䲚ᭈ⧚ˈخϔϾᘏⱘᔦ㒇ˈҹ֓Ѣ೼㾖ᆳ݊䷇㋏ᯊ ᇍ✻Փ⫼DŽ ˄ϔ˅ডߛϞᄫ ǂǂ䇈ᯢ ˖˄1˅৘Ͼᄫ༈ৢ䴶ⱘ᭄ᄫᰃՓ⫼ⱘ⃵᭄ˈাߎ⦄ϔ⃵ⱘϡᷛDŽ˄2˅↣ϔໄ ↡ϟˈܜᣝಯ੐ߚ߫ˈ৘੐П䯈ˈ⫼Āʹāߚᓔˈ৘੐ݙ䚼ˈ໻㟈ᣝ✻ಯໄⱘ乎ᑣᥦ߫DŽ ಴ЎкЁডߛⱘՓ⫼ᴀ䑿᳝ሔ䰤ᗻˈಯ੐੠ಯໄⱘߚ⫼ᑊϡϹḐDŽ䖭䞠ḍ᥂кЁⱘϔ㠀 Փ⫼ᚙމᥦ߫DŽ˄3˅᳝ⱘᄫা⫼Ѣܹໄᄫ䞠ˈ䖭ᯊ⫼Ā0ā Ā02āㄝᮍᓣ㸼⼎DŽ˄4˅݊Ёˈ Փ⫼乥⥛催ⱘᄫˈৃҹᔧ԰䖭ϔໄ↡ⱘҷ㸼ᄫDŽ b ⱒ21 Ꮘᡞ2 ʹ ㆺ5 ↨4 ᖙ8 努ʹ 䗟ᢼ㸹र6 म02 p ᢡ14 㨽⋐ʹऍ7 ᡍ3 ⮲2 ⷦᩛ0 ʹ⋐6 ᴈ6 䫎᱂0 bb ⱑ17 ᡞ㔶ယ5 ʹ Ⲃ↬3 ⣈ ߿2 ᔐ5 ʹ 㪆2 䚼2 ک8 ⊞2 m 䰠19 咏⺼⣯2 㕢2 ↣3 偀2 ʹ 䗋5 ㉇5 㾙4 ᆚ3 ♁ⲓʹ ῵2 ↡2 㥿᳼7 ᳿2 f ᓫ18 ⊩ʹ ໿ᑰ⽣5 v ⠽11 ࣓ԯ4 ℺Ӥʹ ᡊ㔨ӣ6 d ᕫ21 ᠧ4 ㄨ3 ʹ Ԣ6 ᑩ2 ᢉ2 ⱘ4 䎠2 Ⓢ4 ʹ 䛑3 ໮2 ᴉ4 プ7 ᥛ4 t ᖦ22 Ҫ3 ʹ ẃ4 ԧ4 Ꮺ3 ࠨ0 ʹ ⾗7 ᠬ0 ᢪ4 ೳཹ3 㜅3 dd ⡍20 䰔䖒3 ҷ3 ʹ ୐ᦤ3 ᓳ4 䗁3 ⢘6 ʹ ᕦ2 ᴰ2 ༎3 ⣀5 䪢02 n ᣤ3 З4 Ჽ2 䙷5 㒇4 䆋11 ʹ ཈2 ࡾ2 ᧭䇎8 l ࢦ22 ᳫ3 ॉދ㗦ʹ ⾏10 䞠10 乚࡯4 ゟ8 ߫0 ʹ ᑤ3 㔫0 剕4 䰛൙݁8 ⋯0 ʹ 䯒৩ᕟ4 ࡷ0 g 䴽21 હḐ2 ৘02 ૓0 ʹ ྥ9 স8 䈋8 ೑6 偼3 k ܟ21 䓏ৃ0 ␈02 ʹ ᶃ5 㢺5 䯨6 ુ7 gg ʹ 㩉ᦚ⢖3 ng 乱12 ៥䛖02 h ੉咥22 ୱ0 ʹ ੐8 㰢2 ᗑ13 hh ԩ3 ড়20 ⎌02 ʹ 㚵24 咘3 ⽌᭯5 ⌏4

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0 ᡐ23 ᳋2 䰓2 ྌгʹ Р9 Ѩ5 ല≗5 ܔ5 ሟ2 0h ਈ8 ⥟3 j 㙠12 ޴12 ঢ়15 㒧02 ࡿʹ ሙ4 В2 㥦ⶽއ3 ‬3 ݋0 㦞0 q ℎ12 䍋6 ⊷12 ᘃ3 ʹ ऎ2 এ3 ሜ6 ᳆02 jj ݊12 ᡔ3 ঞ14 チ3 ʹ ⏴5 Ꮌᥬ6 ሔ02 gn ሐ4 ⊹Դ6 ᢳओ7 ᤣ2 ⒎0 ⺒ʹ ཇ x Ꮰ9 ୰10 ਌12 ℛ2 㚌ʹ 㰮৕䆌2 ⋿7 ⋀0 xx ༮10 ݂2 ⁘11 ण4 ৊ʹ え2 ⥘0 y 㸷12 ҹ13 ϔ7 Э7 䇦3 ʹ 䖖3 㖑3 ᅛ䚕億8 ઩ yh ⿏14 㱕7 Ѻ15 ᓩ㨝3 ʹ Ѣ3 剐䲼⍈㙓5 ᳜2 zr ⶹ13 ᠻ15 㗙2 ૆5 ∕䲏ʹ 䇌ᴅ3 Џ3 ネ2 ᢭2 cr ⯈9 㘏8 ሎ12 䌸᥷0 ʹ ᵶ3 ໘2 ᵉ㾺ߎ6 ର0 dzr ∴10 ⮨8 Ⳉ15 䕭0 ʹ 䰸2 ᷅䗤2 䗄7 sr ༅23 ༶᤼2 䆒0 ʹ 㟦2 к0 䇈2 ʹ 咡ন zzr ᯊक7 ⷇18 㟠0 ʹ ⅞オᷥ r ᮹28 ⛁02 ʹ བ3 ч∱ܹ6 㙝0 zh П12 ᬃᮼ5 ℶ䋷14 ch Ꮒ10 啓8 ㄪ16 dzh ᷈12 ʹ 䠣 sh 䆫7 ሌ8 ৆10 㡆16 z ݍ8 ᄤ11 ߭15 ʹ 唥8 䌡᣸7 ᥹4 े15 ʹ ⾳3 ⼪2 䎇7 ʹ ⮑3 द c 䲠10 ℸ8 ᙏ8 ⌟5 ʹ ྏ8 ϗ20 ྒ3 ʹ ㉫2 ֗5 ᪂ʹ 䍟㲚 dz ᜜12 ᠡ䌐9 ʹ 唤7 㤴䲚15 ៾0 ⮒0 ʹ ᕖ3 䝱ᮣ6 ʹ 㒱2 ዦ s ᗱ8 ⅏9 า14 ʹ 㽓9 ᕭ7 ⋫ᯨ9 ᙃ2 ሥ2 ʹ 㢣2 䜹㉳2 䗳4 㙗ᆓ2 ʹ 乏2 ㊜2 ᘸ5 䲾2 zz 䆡Ԑ0 ʹ ໩18 ᭰0 ʹ ֫2 ʹ ᕤ3 䏙 ˄Ѡ˅ডߛϟᄫ ǂǂ䇈ᯢ ˖˄1˅ᴀ㸼ᬊܹ৘䷉᠔⫼ⱘЏ㽕ডߛϟᄫˈԚᰃЎ䖭ѯᄫᴀ䑿⊼䷇ⱘডߛϟ ᄫϡᬊˈབϰৠ䷉Ā㖕ˈ䰓݀ߛāЁⱘĀ݀āህ≵᳝ܹ߫DŽ˄2˅䰈Ϟ੠䰇Ϟϸໄⱘϟ ᄫᐌ䗮⫼ˈЎᦤ䍋⊼ᛣˈ೼݊Ёϔ໘ࠡ䴶ࡴϞϔϾ᭄ᄫ 0DŽ˄3˅಴Ўডߛᴀ䑿ⱘ㔎⚍ˈ ⫼ᄫᐌ᳝খᏂˈབ ˖䔺㲛䷉᳝䇏᪂ষⱘᄫˈԚᰃ≵᳝⫼᪂ষⱘϟᄫˈĀԑˈ݊㘊ߛāᰃ   ――

(11)

唤啓੐ˈĀⰌˈ⏴㘊ߛāᰃ᪂ষ੐ˈϸ㗙ᰃ⫼ࠡᄫⱘ䷉↡ᴹऎ߿ⱘˈ᠔ҹ㸼ݙ䚼ߚ䷉ϟ 䴶≵᳝ᬊܹ᳝݇ⱘܼ䚼䷉↡DŽབϰৠ䷉ˈᣝкЁⱘߚ㉏ˈᑨ䆹᳝ಯϾ㉏߿˄ेಯ੐ׅܼ˅ˈ Ԛ㸼Ёা߫њϸ㉏DŽ˄4˅ܹໄ䷉ᥦ೼Ⳍᑨⱘ㟦ໄ䷉˄ेЏ㽕ܗ䷇Ⳍৠⱘ䷉↡˅ৢ䴶˄೼ ݊েջ˅DŽ˄5˅Āüā㸼⼎ॳк≵᳝⫼ডߛˈ䞛⫼њĀᯊএໄāП㉏ⱘ䇈ᯢDŽ ䷉Ⳃ ᢳ䷇ 䰈ᑇ 䰇ᑇ 䰈Ϟ 䰇Ϟ 䰈এ 䰇এ 䰈ܹ 䰇ܹ ᢳ䷇ ䷉Ⳃ ϰৠ ong 㖕 ⋾ᅣ ⒗ ∲ ⫂ ῾ iong 䲡 ᆍ㵡 ∌ ∳䰇 ang ≚ ᵁी ≚ 0≚乍 Ⲣ 㸠 iang ༂ 㕞 ᗣ ⮦ ḋ uang ∾ ⥟ ᵝ ᬃᯊ -i 䆫ᗱ ü ৆⅏ ü 䆩ಯ ᇎ ″ᖂ i 㸷 ⿏݂ ҹ 㱕 ᛣ ᓖ Э Ѻ ik 䋼Ⳉ ♄ಲ uêi ࿕ ಲ䶺 ྨ 0 ྨ ⬣ ᚴ㚗 ሙ剐 ü 䖖 Ѣ ᅛ 0 ᅛ ⎸ ᕵ 億 㙓 ük ᘸᕟ ྥ῵ u Р 㚵ਈ Ѩ 0 Ѩ ∵ ᠋ᙳࡵ ≗ ᭯ uk ሟ䇏 ⱚᴹ ai ઔ ᄽ 㬐 ѹ0 㬐 ⠅ ᆇ iai ᣼ ⷂ 䱬 uai Ъ ᗾ ⳳ᭛ en ᘽ ⮩ 0 㡂 ᘼ in ಴ ᆙ 䱤 ᓩ ॄ ᄩ uen ⏽ 儖 〇 0 〇 ᧒ ⏋ ün ∆ ѥ ܕ 0 ܕ ᛴ 䖤 ᑆᆦ an ᅝ ᆦ 䍊 䌻ᯅ ᣝ ∫ ian ⴐ uan ᔃ ᰮ ᙷ ⃶ḧ ö ࠰ Ќᅠ Ổ 0 Ổ⌷ 䌃 ⥽ ᳋ ড় ök ᳋䎟 ܔ ⌏ uök ໽⬄ iên ⚳ 㿔 ܪ 㸡 ᆈ ⷮ üên ݸ ܗ 0 䖰 䖰 ᗼ 䰶 㧻䈾 ao ⟞ 䈾↿ ၾ ⌽0 ၾ ༹ ᯞ iao ᑎ ⠏ᖁШ ᵇ 0 ᵇ 㽕 Ჰ ℠㔫 o 䰓 ԩ ྌ 0ྌ Ͼ 䌎 ᙊ ⎌ ok 㑺⬹ 㑺 ᳜ iok uo ぱ ⾒ ဤ 0 ဤ⽌ ⽌ऻ ᆊ咏 a અ≭ ᣤ ᠧ 䙷 䆜 䙷 ㄨ ᢝ ak 䈕䖒 ia Ͽ ⠭ 䲙 Ѯ ᢐ ⢢ iak ua છ ⪺ ぉࠂ uak 䔺㲛 iê ѯ༶ 㘊 г 0 г 㟡ौ ໰ ߍ 㨝ण iêk ሥ䕭 üê ઩ ᳜ üêk ᑮҁ eng Ѽⱏ छڻ ᘦ ㄝ ⻈ ⿰ ᡐ Ḍ ek ᢡ䰠 ing 㣅 ᔶⲜ ᕅ ᴣ䚶 ᯴ תゲ

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叴փ ou ⃻ փ ਩ 0 ਩ৢ ≸ 0 ৢ * iou ᬌ ⬅ 0 ᳝ ᳝ ᑐ জ ։ᇏ im ䷇Ể ⎿ 佂 ᙼ ぼ ᘕ ⲥઌ am ᒉ ৿ ׎ 乨 ᱫ 㦵 㑪ᒝ iêm ⏍ ♢ ⨄ ॠ ✄ *ৢ ˖ৠᯊᬊܹ䰇Ϟ੠䰇এˈ䖭䞠ձ᥂ljᑓ䷉NJˈ೼䰇এࠡࡴϞ * োDŽ ৸ 㘹 ᮽ ⥤ 剡ᯢ♰Џ㓪 ˖lj∳㢣ⳕᖫ 噝 ᮍ㿔ᖫNJˈफҀ໻ᄺߎ⠜⼒ˈ 䰜ᮄ䲘 ˖ljᮄ㓪Ёॳ䷇䷉ὖ㽕NJˈ˄ৄ⑒˅ᄺ⫳кሔˈ 㣗୘⒅ ˖ljЁᎲܼ䷉NJ˄⏙ᡘᴀ˅ˈlj㓁ׂಯᑧܼкNJ˄ ݠˈ䲚䚼 噝 ᳆㉏˅ˈ ǂǂϞ⍋স㈡ߎ⠜⼒ˈ ᴢᮄ儕 ˖lj Ёॳ䷇䷉ ! ䷇㋏ⷨおNJˈЁᎲк⬏⼒ˈ 䪗᳼㚰߭ ˖ᯢ 噝 㣗୘⒅ⱘljЁᎲܼ䷉NJ㗗ˈ᮹ᴀljЁ೑䇁ᄺNJ োˈ ᅕ㒻⽣ ˖lj Ёॳ䷇䷉ ! 㸼〓NJˈঢ়ᵫ᭛৆ߎ⠜⼒ˈ ≜ᅴ㒹 ˖ ᑺ᳆乏ⶹNJ˄䕑ljЁ೑স݌៣᳆䆎㨫䲚៤NJ˄˅˅Ё೑៣࠻ߎ⠜⼒  ⷇∱ᵄ ˖lj䷉ᄺ偞⦴NJ䷇㋏ˈ㢣Ꮂ໻ᄺЁ᭛㋏ᯚ᳆⧁䆆Нˈ ⷇∱ᵄ ˖lj䷉ᄺ偞⦴NJⱘ䷇㋏ˈlj䇁㿔ⷨおNJ๲ߞˈ ⷇∱ᵄ ˖ljਈ䇁᭛⤂䌘᭭ⷨおNJˈ˄᮹ᴀ˅ད᭛ߎ⠜ˈ ⷇∱ᵄ ˖lj䷉ᄺ偞⦴NJ䷇㋏䰘䷇㡖㸼ˈlj⍋໪џᚙⷨおNJ㄀  ो  োˈ ໾ҧওওᖫ㓪㑖ྨਬӮ ˖lj໾ҧওᖫNJˈ∳㢣Ҏ⇥ߎ⠜⼒ˈ ∸⦡⦴ǃ䰜ᖴᬣ ˖lj௝ᅮᮍ㿔ⷨおNJˈ⼒Ӯ⾥ᄺ᭛⤂ߎ⠜⼒ˈ ⥟匩 ˖ljЁᎲ䷇䷉䕥㽕NJ˄˅ˈlj㓁ׂಯᑧܼкNJ˄ ݠˈ䲚䚼 噝 ᳆㉏˅ˈ ǂǂϞ⍋স㈡ߎ⠜⼒ˈ 乍䖰ᴥ ˖lj᳆䷉ᯧ䗮NJˈЁढкሔˈ ᇝ䖳⊏ᑇ ˖Ā࣫৊ljЁॳNJˈफ䙉lj⋾℺NJā⒃⑤ˈlj䇁㿔ⷨおNJ ᑈ㄀  ᳳ ᴼ㗤ᗱ ˖ljЁॳ䷇䷉䷇㋏NJˈЁ೑⼒Ӯ⾥ᄺߎ⠜⼒ˈ Ф䷊޸ㄝ ˖lj⋾℺ℷ䷉NJ˄˅˄ॳᴀ೑䇁೑᭛ᄺϯᵫ˅ˈ˄䶽೑˅໻ᦤ䯕থ㸠ˈ ᓴ⥝ᴹǃ㘓ݯ ˖ljЁॳ䷇䷉᷵ᴀNJ䰘ЁᎲФᑰ䷇䷉㉏㓪᷵ᴀˈЁढкሔˈ 䍉ܗӏ ˖lj⦄ҷਈ䇁ⱘⷨおNJˈ⏙ढᄺ᷵ⷨお䰶ϯкˈ˄⾥ᄺߎ⠜⼒  ᑈᮄϔ⠜˅ ਼ᖋ⏙ ˖ljЁॳ䷇䷉NJ˄ᕅॄ䆋ᒉᴀ˅ˈЁढкሔˈ   ――

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Phonological Aspects of

Quyun Lizhu

SHI Rujie

Abstract

Quyun Lizhu by Shen Chenglin is a phonological dictionary compiled for Kunqu actors (singers), which is an important literature for study of the history of Wu dialects in Eastern China. This paper discusses the phonological problems of the Quyun Lizhu as the terms used in the dictionary and the comments about dialect influence by the author, and lists the characters used in fanqie, a method to indicate the pronunciation of a Chinese character.

参照

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