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(1)Progressive. Forms. ln. Action. B少. Ryokichi. Aim. Of. out. pointed the. time. the. as. of the dominant. most. The. expression. latter, not without. ･to･an. due. The. of the. usefulness. sought in thinking.. its richness. A. farther. a. verb.. chair. bythe. of. 1.. He. sits. 2.. He. is siiiingノon. first example,. de丘ned･ never. the. on. the. Although gives. inoment.. the. de丘nite. a. the. onthe. of the. Inthe presented･ moment;. the. of. second The. example,. herKe､. vivid. These assumed form may. and. qualities by be. the. person. in. person. who. longer lively. the. expression. ascribed. as. the. represented. our. by. with. be. perhaI)S. power. of associative the. simple. all. clearly. comparing. a. description. changing from. is. more. clearly. statement. at. clear-cut. objective. statement. of. liveliness. which. of. intervals. de血itely. and. on. has tothe. close. reasonable. going. present. question. chair. pictllre. the. present. action,. Ofthe a. fact,. and. but. a. act.. and the. the. the. objective. at. actually. vividness. upon. action. a. expression. at in. person. an. idea. at. the. performed. thatthe. the. not. tense,. present. is merely. of the. deriving. a. on. very an. is. himself. as. merely. of concreteness,. to. being. fact. repeats. sentencegives no. chieay. can. verb. question. in as. action. it states. how占ver, is. laCtion. the is. expression. concrete,. a. action. rendered. window.. is and habit of seating will be inthe That is to s.ay,the､ expression window･ habitual. a. of. effected. been,. a. are. deal. more. Form. rise. is made. of the. cohtrary,. be. the. statement. idea. a. window. by. chair. act. shows. is. other. to. is. be. may. which. of皿eaning. paper. form. a. as. may. the. shades. whichgives. clarification. verb function. verb;. a. two. a. former.. the. progressive. df. is that. tIle Progressive. of. of implication. progressive払rms. In the. by. present. to. regard. Nature. and. ones.. of the. purpose. form One. expressed of the action function by subtle wbi血丘ner. and. Paper. progressive. relation. delicate. the. PreserLt. the. of. functions. the. various. TOEtJNAGA. simple. form. verbal. ad)'ective. to. the force. are. suddenly. prqgressive. inherent. in.

(2) 釈. Tokunaga. 28. the made. by. clearer 1.. in. used. participle. connection. We. sat. (A. Fareふ占11to. the. on. ground. instances. backs. withour. ch. ⅠⅩ, E.. Arms,. This. copula.. following. the. comparing. a. with. can. point. be. perhaps. :. the. against. Hemingway)｣A. wall. and. mere. statementムf. smoked.. fact･ .a. 2.. No and. Insidethe. dugout. smoking.. (Id.)-A. to. vividness. combined. form,. an. force. verb,. than. in the. participates. a. device. other. the. lively. descriptioふ.. the. use. of a The. expression.. nature. an. of. as. it various. of. the. function. in. typifying,. length in. a. conspicuous. The. time.. of. comparison. ch. I, E.. 4.■ The In the 3 represent actually In 2 and recountthe tbat也ey. two. sets. actions going. on. 4, onthe actions. the. few. giving. the. of. most. continuing. as. action. is. form. progressive. can. its perhaps for a certain. be. readily. appreciated. a. review. the. of. (Thel Sun. Also. ollt in. yard.. Arts.. a. on. one. of expressions not. as. took do. examples while. the. here,. ambulance). the. for. place. at. with. the. the. idea. idea. the is a. yard.. the. time. no. certain. time. at. of. in'the the. 1 and but. past,. time主n. as. qlleStion･. continuity;they in the past. time. ･and. ･merely show. tbereafter･. of continuity,. of time. good. being. idea. fotm岳in. progressive. for. done. and. hand,there. to. (-an. in the. out. performed. other. one. cited. uninterruptedly. that. on. Arts.. of the. review. qh. ⅠⅤ, E. Hemingway). iborkcd. ■have nothing. foreground,. by. statement a. action. of. work勿g. fo Arms,. mechanids. In thefo1lowing to. backed were. Farewell. (A. a. as. in a progressive. copula. in. of也is. 1Iemingway). Th占mechanics. ,3.. an. backing. was. In California...he. 2.. `virtue. below.. made. Rises.. a. with. concreteness. overwhelmingly. paragraphs will be discussed･. the. of. of00ntinuity. In California...he. 1.. adjective. wall. CoAtintlity. of. characteri2;ing. idea. and. the. following. merits. or. By. the. itself indicates,. term. the. represented. form. Idea. such. ■. an. action. shades of meaning. imⅠ〉ortant functions of the progressive. I.. impart. verb.. a. relation. In the. One. and. adjective. typi丘es, the. or. against. as. participle,. participle, partly in harmonious together. characterizes,. siiling. participle甲n. the. working. drivers. three. were. relation. or. of duration,. is subordinated. is-brotlght ;.

(3) Progressive. Ì have. been. Galsworthy A. Sudden. sk軸ing Years,. The ･. ･. of Troy. panic. day. next. the. to. they. who. the I. w,as. look3'ng. have`. may of Gold Gold, Ill, I. of ch.. large. a. Blue,. the. and. for. room. S･N･. he. which. Bphrman) Was. whereモ1e. Siobbing,. reptesentsanad. usually. life.And Offunpy cb. Ⅴ, E. Hemingway). Sort. had. been. not. taking. as. I. never. talk. even. did ;‥.. notice-never. beep. v覗uely_ books,.. the. over. Idea. Packer,. that. bein,. one,. G.. a. Gissing) gone. pop･lar,s. an. of Ftlturity that. expectancy. bf the. use. sqme. of. cb. ⅠⅠ,G.･Fowler). Line,. is. aware. ‥(Christopherson,. runnin'with. here The. tomorrow,'as. fact. withthe. that. Englishand form. pro由･essive. the. Anotber. in. pctionwill be performed be+9rescni?wiicibZc,. an. form,. English idea. am. verbs. at. going. lo. present-･ an. with leave. flo. future. tenseっhas. de丘nite. This. offuturity･. connection. of f1加rity. be that must. have. a. true. was. Along. with. in丘nitive. tomorrow,'is. much. forms. tense. for. duringthe. this usage,the by. accompanied frequently. used. progressive. form. a. in. idea. thing. is th￠- nature. auxiliary. repre革ented. going `t. in. for. substitute. is still true. bc. lo, as. a. the the. of expressing. of Old. expressing. act. Cup. J (Cup. slob, which. I had. been. (Timber. Zeav3ng. am. preposition. future. Red. verb. he. the串all,. infuture･. progressive. a. home.. ∫.Galswortby)･. intended. as. purpose. period. had. =. fl. do. J.. who. away. scudded. of Claridge's,. Arms,. to. at. head･'. in continu祉y. to. children. sometime,the. occufying. (The. a. dn'nking. were. since車ou. Futurity. in. Tree,. of d山･ation.コ. leading. Tree,. was. manager. Farevell. also. y叩r. A. E.. II.. as. cages,. of her... account. of the. use. been. ･'(A. Apple. Evlei. the. and. chalk. perhaps,. advance･. idea. Whil早St?n申卓g. `. in. no. rye. see. man. on. he calledthe. with. English-. (The. Apple. (The. yet}. pavement,. their. sir, that. 1907,. of. ･(Id･)-[Note. While. it. seen. the. of. town. yeai's tent. `You. out. ihl'nking,. the. wbole. a. 29. ). During a. Action. Ⅴ. W-oolf). way. Steinbeck. paid. l haven't. struck. in and. been. the. of rain. squall. (The. go. ln. ). been. Ì have. but. watching,. Forms. by. the. progressive. considered of durative form.. regarding aspect. the itself. as. perceived. in. as an.

(4) R.. 30. Tbe. idea. of. form. progressive. be. onwill. .going. type. unchanged. into. by of action rendered futurity is inevitably. and. tO. eXpre甲the. quoted. from. willi. will be ･The. neitber. probability. action Ì. going. whicb. am. had. `what. kind. I made as I was. of. Behrman). rll be. leaving. tell. at. ... Louie'白on. Paci丘c. a. to. is. Mum,. the. present. a. comling. they. and. ⅠⅤ,且Hemingway) tO. go3.ng. `.. this. year‥.'(The. /､.Betty. and. nie. to. manager. War. in Spain,. the. future.. Ì. am. ]. leaving. take. care. Red. (The. W･. had. pre･. made. ･. business of my And The Blue,. Saroyan). tO come going said, you'rc (Coffee and tells her husband.. up. man. tO. me. Sandwiches. Saroyan). who. help. tO. is golng. in. the. temovallof. the. Gissing) having. better. alPe ･geiling. hoムeymoon} (Id.). reality. (Id., ch. XVIII). g占t?I. (The. one. room. an. sense. to. look.. inquiring. my. Majestic.. W.. you'd. only. of Gold, is action. as conceived form. In this. from. the. Street,. G.. of. as. serve. (Cup. concerned,. already. on. young. ; we're. `.. way,. itself. use. momentJt. concrete. was. ch.. new. wife. some. comes. for supper ‥stay G. Fowler) cb. 14,. my. Arms,. every. books.'(Christopberson,. `Bythe. is. ●. `here. ‥. the. something. me. idea. It. ■. day,. some丘ne. and. I. that. for Europe. soon.. the. °issing). witha. you. speaker. to. citation亡weコyou. sailing. a. is. forwarded. reply. G.. to. arrangements. S. N.. And. in. father. Farewell. (A. parations.. that. form. in. me. ; it. being. as. said. his. to. written. the. as. itself into. (Christopherson,. London.' He. he. away/. nature. along with other -forms, shall livlely few instances way. a心ery 1A. in. possibility. is gradually shaping be considered may. same. writers.. far. nor. act. durative. evident. put. the now. speech,. comingto占onsultwith. ⅠⅠ,∫.Steinbeck)-亡As. ch.. of. the. this. to. by. butthe. different. and From. extensively. offuturity. popular. new. described. act. itselfthat. progressive. be. style. idea. is. the. form. this. some. Governor. in. an. of. a. continuity. form, it seems. progressive. familiar. in. especially. auxiliary,. as. unbr･oken.. contained. thatl. therefore!. natural,. the. suggests. future,.not. in. action. of. in. revealed. on,. going. actually. carried. duration,. or. continuity, as. Tokunaga. Kite,. tapioca. write. (A Solo. pudding･'. and. tell him. l shan'i. in Tom･Toms,. be. wani&'ng. S. Maugham). married. and. we're. going. to. Southend. for the.

(5) Progressive. ⅠⅠⅠ. Idea On. the. progressive or. place, A.. of its force bring out. strength form. can. being. as. Habitual. in. present,. Mr.. Hobbs. Ì. am. Action. to. durative. render idea. the. or-State. an. of. babitllal. a. ∴. to. aspect. an. action,tthe as taking ･ repetion･. state,. freqllent. with. or. a. or. action. manner. help. to. the President.叩aS. whether. of Fauntleroy,. isi7ying. he. sure. tell him. would. (Little Lord. not.. Ⅱabitual. 31. :. ...and or. of. ln Action. Forms. ch. 1, ど. H.. Burnett). in his innocent. me. doe.ng his tluty. know. way-I. he. is.. J. ･. (Id.)㌔ Bnt and. to think seemed funof,‥.He made. he. that was. Cranford-. the. people hoaxingthem. always. joked. mig比be. about, ch. VI, tL. ;‥.(Cranford,. C. Gaskell) Ⅰ‡isshirt. front. Bltle. S. N. 'Since Bob,. are. the. could. do. every. day.. white. Behrman)-亡The. when at. is dazzling. age. togive. was. l when Turkish. of nine me. sti租y. tO. going bologna. ■best. school,the. for my. sandwiches. And. Red. Th占. oneself.コ (rd.). club?'. amight ●. was. (The. s上arched. of dressing. manner usual birds to all. taking. you. and. family. Lmy. lunchalmost. (Id,) l. A. E., he. with been. (The. along. from. stealing. `...,. sent. young. another. member. of･his. had. staff, who. (Id二). me.. she didn't know Kite, S./ Maugham). he'd. discoveredthat. he. been. to. coming. the. common. every. }. week,... こ:. `. It. ing. B.. was. himJ. deeply. was. in debt. and. his. (Id†). bress-. were. creqitors .. Repetition: The. now. up `. Seems. mity `. sun. was. this･ like Town,. now･. forever. l. to. E.. XIV,. cb.. see. (The. ･:･. we're. Did.shethink. Ⅰ.could not (A･ Farewell. fitfully ; it. shining. was. the. Arms,. Years･. meeting. in and. going V･. it wasgoing10ut,. h'ghiing. Woolf). jams.. in. Well,. twice,. (Cala･. anyway}. Queen). cha#ng guns. was. but. her?I they. (The were<. Apple. Tree,. evi￠ently jiring. ch. rIVi E.･ Herriingway). J. Galsworthy) directly. over. tis..

(6) 52. R.. Every. bough a. and. was. b占en 901ng. we've. S.. (The匠ite, Boys/. i. he. the do. itJ. Tons.. of. being. are. on. Apple. Tree, J. Galsworthy). twice. about. a. Ewasコcalling,. ever. week. since}. have of you building. And l. been. some. from. time. at. work. cleaning. fwbidding Solo time.コ(A. to. am. to. you. in. Tom･. to. portion. the. writer. frequently. very. whole. an. act. for. act. of the. but. the. often is. which. to. especially lay. to. used to. reason. obvious. act. whole. and. draw. to. attempts. chiefly. is thllS quite. from. of. phase. of ■Action the. ･certain stress. special. it off asthe. mark in. repr･esented. a. a･. continual. mot)eon.. of. Initial. A･. bird. LocaliEation. a. progressive. important. 且ow. that. warned. act. not. The. de丘nite. one. most. to. an. attehtion. of it･. part. spring. Fowler). representing. reader's. pictures. dismantled. certain. a. IV. ln. (The. grass.. the. 'I understand. E-You G.. tO. every. Maugham). said,. bricks. in叫ewind,. swinging. sunlight dappledthe. slanting. Ànd. TokunA由. Stag?･. 也 the. beginning. the The. action.. green. ; the. c.laws, like. very. birds'claws,. leaves. busking. were. the. examples. of the. stage was. grass. following. reader's. beginning. were. from. out. is called. attention. ; little green. to shoot. the branches. Years,. ;...(The. Ⅴ. Woolf) The. lamps. street. People. were. being. were. back. coming. lti. (Id.) London. to. (Id.) I. were. ;they. seliling. in for. the. season.. .. was. curious. gnwi?a. Ày,. Ⅰ'lltell you;. I. interested･. and was. to. coming. d･ °issing). (Christopherson･ [-I. that}. was. to. Come. siariing. to. about. to. that. point.コ(Id.) It. it. and -. hot. was. You're. was. pleasa叫(A damned. 9eliing. but. town. walkingthroughthe Farewell. Arms,. to. (The. romantic}. the. Sun. sun. u]as. go. down. chこⅠⅤ, E. Hemingway) Also. Rises, ch.. Ill, E. Heming-. way) B･. Growing. Stage.. In the. undergoing. Changes.. loping. other. into. entering. types. examples new. of action.. cited states,. The. below. actions.are. growingintheir. progressive. lform. represented intensities,. in. this. use,. or. aha. as. deve･ also.

(7) Progressive. in. swing,. The.coloring. 33. Action. be. first. progressite add, But the usefulness of the imagination. stated. and. unerring The. describes. vividly in. gests,. we're. spring. gray,.. met. a. plume. of. were. (The. nature as. or. of the being. 氏. L.. come. ･forth. ch･. Queen). 1, E･. long. his. brown. hair. turning. 3's. Taylor) look, Eleanor. lose.ng his boyish. was. thought･. Closely. back. faded. now･. ln. form. the. to. clear. For. instance･. when. initial when. stage an. the subsequent. thus,the Often. a. action･. hand,. its initial st昭e,. draw. di缶culty. itself･. other. for granted. interlinked ; henceI taken. for丘ve. on. The. an. sta酢'tbe. growing. On. be geiiing. must. impossible of. growingstages. a. little leaves･. were. ･. ･. (Id.)-⊂Unfo1ding action･]. she. it is welトnigb. in. pile of coal)･. and. S. Maugham). Lady,. progressive. ; there. garden. bushes.. the. (-a. it. round. cat血ing丘re･コ. inthe. on. twining. sullenly. is gradually. was. she. presupposed･ as being. is naturally ･包re. of Hearts,. Four. medium-sized,. was. Out. Colonel's. initial･and. necessarily. action. s喝･. and. thatwi1l. state. and. door.. He. leaves. instances. some. presented. acti.n. qlleStion. however,. or four ladies whenthree (Cranford, cb. ⅤⅠⅠ,E. C･ Gaskell). bright. than. smoke. com3ng. c?urse. forty.. starting,. in. time. tflan. more. former.. new. a. is no. Ⅴ. Woolf). 1ittle ear･shaped. very. glVe. E･ Heming･. rain,'which The past.. the. at. (The. Thumb,. W■itb A. pile of coal. trees. between. or. Baker's. less. is. of y61low. (Id.)-EA. In. to. inthe. place. 9eiiing. his forehead.. Years,. -;. taking. somewhere.'. Miss. he. wrinkled. ･. enough. ch. XVII,. Arms,. to. i.urned. fact. new?ction. u'cy,e. at. ‥(Man. The. dead. a. change. 9etiing. forty･nine. (The. `>T申efog. of. evenings. calasbes. A. not. to. 1:he change.j. `‥.Now. He. clear. are. wbicb. action. yet. Farewell. (A. rain.. with. the. addition,. following. At. an. of. phases. modestly-modestly,. to. turning. was. this way)-⊂Compare an objectilvestatement. in. of the. Impression.. fog. The. in itsfull. work. shades. some. suggests. but.implied. manifestly. at. the obtained.by employing of meaning, -statement･ to freshness the vividness of all, and far beyond It plays on form this･ goes progressive the. or. effects,. form. an. ln. later-seems to use-which modal will be discussed displaying in entirety its verbal descriptive払rce... its. our. Forms. di氏cult. two to. of act. marking･line lies an. the is. or. act same. the. is act. iepresented of the. continuity stages,. in. aspects,. differentiate･. re-. is as. same. Of the.

(8) 34. R., Tokunaga. What is not. so. the. as. th占same. to. of. But. m. C･. of Result･. Idea. result. a. of. the. question. -. in. the part. sole. kind-. same. of. one. in. arbiter. and. this. cas早. now. the. of. falling;the. was. The. felt stronger. half. both･of. is what. two. the. -between. dllsk wasfaEh'ng andthey light I(The Years, Ⅴ. Woolf),. dim. the. be. may. qusk. 'Sometirnes. previous. `･. don't. -If you the bloody One. they. emphasized. TbtlS, in But. latter. of the. difference are-. the idea. than. sentence.. idea. of. of beginnlng. But. in. beginning. a. the. action. Simple becomes. i ng.. overwbel. a■. strongly. darkness. now. discernthe. here. insubstantial. and. of growing dark, in view `. because. expression.. idea get. to. us. of action-because. more. of the. spectral. for. action, is. context. statement,. as. kinds. an. action. looked the. the. much. parts. is the. it possible. makes. -. is representqd. act. by. the -progressive. form. action. her. step. (-a. turn. up,. ship). After. (Long. convoy}.. emergency. an. out. of. Bligh, J. McCarten) ●. this convoy's. and. tight. fall. td. you're-going. tO look. going. bundle. a. of rope. yarn･. (Id.) If. butt. we. just. in. asking. try. and. for. dictate. to. trouble.. (The. V. As part or. it has. in. servillg. force. progressive in. much. the. Nothing's. (The of. looking. up. l. I have. Your. again. be. but. action. plays a血important feelings olltlet for our. an. with. for. this purpose, to. ascribed. acquires. the. Woolf)-EStrong. of. contradictory. When itself. concerns. modal. auxiliary.. said,- looking. whatever,'she desi&e. a. con･. verbal. bb.. copula. longer. no. characteristics. concrete. and the. connectionwith in -this ･function, it. in. especially.. the vivid. in. happen-nothing. tO. V.. us. form. used. 1951). to the. at. him.. naturalcourse. eventコ not. and. may. golng. `You're. `. the. we're. eat,. should. form. progressive. provide. of. usefulness. of the participle form is七mployed. Years,. an. to. auxiliary. Oct.,. FunctiorL. to, the. referred. they. much,. Digest,. ･･. `. an. situations,. adjective so. aS. The. emotions･. versational. the. been. already. ]旺odal. how. or. what, Reader's. a. ●. at. her.-. studied. the. fortune} little lady. die-you're. tO. golng. ●. not. (Id.)-EHope. against. ancient. and. (Cup. wars,. of, Gold,. has皿ade. up. ch･. hope.] l must. ll, J･. hermind. tO,. going. die ! 千 said. Delia. bitterly,. ･. bc. making a name for Steinbeckト[Convictio甲･] ●. that･she,s'･notへgo3ng. tO. get. myself. Well.,.

(9) Forms. Progressive. (The to. get. you. 0.. Leaf,. ･Last. Henry)-亡Direct. be lclling another. must. bc going. LPositive. judgment.コ. she,s. to. ･what･s. am,. ･beト`. going. not. it. thought,.. she. the Door,. ･. Saroyan). W･. Years,. ･(The. I. V･ Wool吏)-. it･''. I know. theywill,. what. ‥say. =. to. gong. know. I'm. it･. get. Oh. Then. I?'. am. (Christo･. she looked. Woolf)-亡Wondering,. boy,. it}. toget. going. Arms,. to. Farewell. (A. Ⅴ.. Years,. I don't. know.. `Where. said･. (The. atall.). ･you're. Shut. Gissing)-亡Agony.コ habbening?'she. d9n't. fine. I. would ･. Four,. (Three,. again,. dying.. remembered.. get. lie.. cry. dying...she's. pherson,G.. ･I. statement. blame.コ. or. sh色can't. and. 35. Action. well}j. -亡Reproach,. `. In. ch･ XVIII,. thegirls. or. (--. E･. confusionコ. ･if. l. to. going. am. HemirlgWay)-EDoubt･j Covawill. atthe. Delia. at. think. you're. theム} (Id.)-亡Assurance.コ tO. ･I ain･t going After (Long. take. this. back. tub. to. do. ch･ IV,. E･ Queen)-EBlame,. think. you. Ⅰ'm beingrude. being. we. men. you. censure･. (Coffee. again.. Aatly･. said. insistence･j. Bligh, I. McCarten)-[Stubborn. `what. Captain. Gibraltar･'the. (The. ba3td for?'. Four. Hearts'. of. r?proach･j. and. at Louie's. Sandwiches. Paci丘c. on. Street･. 'Ⅳ. Saroyan)-亡Regret.コ I. what. W. `. hell ⊂wcコyou. the. Saroyan)-亡Blu拝, be. you'll. or. Four,. (Three,. about?'. Shut. the. Door,. threat.コ. mild friend}. your. missi72g. talking. Apple. (The. J. Galsworthy)-Sym･コ. Tree,. consolation.コ. patby,. `tNonsense, ⅠⅠⅠ, J.. papa;. you. are. only. to. papa. !. excite. me}. (Cup. of. Gold,. ch･. stop. at. Steinbeck)-亡Disbelief.コ. But. what. Delia. was. i,. joking. are. talking. you. interested.. momentarily. theirj d6ot. o'r. not?. about,. (The. Years,. ･. Was. }. ･. it. (Id･)-亡Protest･コ (-hansom). Ⅴ. Woolfト亡Curiosity,. going or. to. expectancywith. interest.コ `Now induce. who's a. going. child. into. to. take. action.j. upthe. tray?'. (Id･)-[A. tactfuI. question. to.

(10) 36. - R.廿okunaga. Àn軍Wer. `. !. me. EAnger,. -. or. Frank,'she. `Why,. (Id.,cb.. Ⅰ'm. Ⅰ'm not. iaZking. to. (Timber. myself}. Line,. ch. Ⅰ,G. Fowler). irritation.コ said,. I. somethin's. eaiin'on. just Coin/ that's alI. Ⅱ)-亡Determination.コ. And. you}. what's. (Id.)⊥[Susp王c享on.コ more,. I. ain't. comin･. backJ.

(11)