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(1)1. I. Impact Vibration which takes place at the 0pening of Hih Pressure Ball Valves (2nd Report) '. By. Fumie NOGUCHI Institute of Technology (Received Aug. 22, 1966). Abstract It was shown in the prbceeding report, that the pressure amplitude does not almost change itself inspite of the various alteration of valve lift, but by. the experiment last time it was made clear that when we drop the valve lift lower than O.8 mm, more decreases the pressue amplitude.. And also at the same time it was made an experiment with accumulated pressure more than 100 kg/cm2. Next, some experiments about the propagation of impact vibration pasgiensgseishroOf"gvhar:.guest25npaacnieyCavpoiiiGamtgsrubes of various inner diameters and so.e. ' And it was made c!ear that this impact vibration can propa'gate eVen through the thinnest pipe.. About the very thin pipes, it was shown a remarkable decrease of pressure amplitude with the pipes whose inner diameters are less than O.9mm. And a!so some decrease of amplitude when we connect a vessel of big cabacity on the way of pipe iine.. gl. Supplements to the preceeding report. ,. cons6cutively to the last report we made some experiments about the. change of amplitude of impact vibration in which we madc the lifts of valve gOoWmeer rtehsaunltsbeffoOllroeinia.nngd. the aCCUMUIated pressure higher than before, and got. The experimental apparatus is thesame as before and is shown in Fig. 1.. (1)Effectby'thechangeofvalveliftedhight. We have shown in the last report that the pressure amplitude does not change by the aiteration of valve lifed height from 2.2mm to O.8mm, but by the last experiment it was known that the amplitude also decreases when we decrease the valve lifted height lower than before.. Experiments were carried out with changing the valve lifted height O.6,.

(2) I {. i. 44. F'; NoGucHi. i. L. Pressure gauqe Dynamic strain qauqe. i 1. (Jl Xrj. :. I. Syncro-oscMoscope Valve body ([lllllD. Broad. Dynamic strain gauqe. zone amplifier. g<{il})･. Ball valve. Push rod. Pump. Jaek l. O. i. Piston cup. EIectric motor. Cam disk. Plunger. Cam lever. @oO. ti. .. Micro switch. Es! i-. i. A. Batten'es. Chaqqe-over. DC. / fA!t. 12 V'. r :L. ×. switch. -.L ll. Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental arrangement,. '. O.4, O.2 mm respectively, under the same accumulated pressure p = 100 kg/cm2.. We used two dynamic strain gauges, MP 300 for the upper high pressure position (u.h.p.p.) and MP 100 for the lower low pressure position (1. 1. p. p.). Fig. 2 shows the pressure amplitude-time diagram for each valve lifted height in the case of valve seat diameter 8.6mm. Every diagram on the left side is the result at the u. h. p. p.; one reading on the vertical axis is 44kg/cm2, while that on the horizontal axis 5/roOO second. Every diagram on the right side is the result at the 1.Lp.p.; one reading on the vertical axis is 18 kg/cm2, on the horizontal. axis 2/1000 second.. Fig. 3 shows the case of valve seat 5.6mm, but as the amplitude at the 1.1.p.p. on the right side is so small, that we were obliged to reduce the amount of one reading into 7.2 kg/cm2 to enlarge the figure.. Fig. 4 show the case of valve Seat 4.3 mm, the amount of one reading is. thesameasin'Fig.3. ' Fig. 5 shows the composite result of last time and this time.. '. '. ' (2) Effect of alteration,of accmulated pressure. In the last report, it was shown that the pressure amplitude changes by the accUmulated pressure above the ball valve lower than 100 kg/cm2, but this time we newly raised the ,accumulated pressure 120, 140kg/cm2, (Above the. `. ..

(3) 45. Impact vibration of Ball valve. 'il'. i.I.p,p.. u,h.p.p.. .,. valve lifted. height. O.6. 88. 36. 44 o. l8. O.4. o. o. IO. 20. 30. 40. 50. o. 4. 8. l2. 16. 20. s. O.2. mm 5ms 5v Fig. 2. Effect of the valve lifted'. (p = IOOkqlcm) height at valve 8.6mm s'. .."'. 2ms 5v dia.. l, l.p.p.. u, h, p. p,. valve lifted. 88. height. 44. O,6. o. o. . io. 20. 30. 40. 50. II'-. l4.4. Z2. O,4. o. o. 4. 8. l6. l2. O.2. mm 5ms 5v. il. ., t,,. 2ms 2v. (p IOOkglcm) Fig. 3. EEfect Qf the valve llfted height at valve 5,6mm. dja,. eo.

(4) E NoGucHi. 46. i. ' u,h.p.p.. L l.p. p.. valve lifted. height I. Q6 ,. 'N. i :. I. 88. I4.4. 44. Z2. O,4. o. ii. "! l. o. o. 10 -s' 20. ･'. -. 3'O. o. 50. 40. 4'. 8. l2. l6. 20. ,. Q2 i mm. 5ms 5v. (p= Fig. 4,. 2ms 2v. IOO k9 1cm ). Effect of the valve lifted height at valve 4.3mm dia.. kg/6rn. valve dia. 8:.6, mm. fi o'100 ", 1.1･ ig. "'"'t '. ---- 5.6,, mm. P da. "'------.4.3 Mm '. ,g. 2 : $ s. ),･. /.. lt. '. ,. u. h. p. p.. "'f iti. ･// / e. //-/. 50. E. '' l t; /./ ,'. '. t. t1 t t.ttttt ''t' ,L..;'. Io 1. Pe P.. .tt..-tt.tt.h.. rl･'l･i'i.'･,I･1,iii' O.. o. pt-". o･2 ,,/i･rllO.e･･,/e. 't' !dlel Fi'. g.. Z. .pts-"-...::=i='.='v'm.i. ==-:"."L:L-';:'::'-- f7-"" -'. r ...-r.. .:･o.6 o.8' ':. "'. 1.0 l.2' ,1 e4 1.6 Z.8 2eO. , valveliftedheight. mm (p =.r lOO kg/cm2). '' 5. EfCect of the valve lifted heightl.on pressure amplitude,.

(5) Impact vibration of Ball valve. 47. u. h, p. p,,,. 1. i. p･ p･. p = l40. 88 ". 56. 44. 18. ' l20. o. o. o. IO. 20. 30. 40. 50. o. d. 4. 8. 20. 16. l2. L. }. lOO. ･}･ ttt. kg /c m2. 2ms 5v. 5rac 5v Fig.6. Effect. of ,the. (h = 1.8 mm) valve lifted height at valve 8.6mm. dia.. L I.p.p.. u.h.p.p. L. p = l40. l4.4. 88 v. 44 o. Z2 o. l2 0. o. lo. 20. 30. 40. 50. o. 4. 8. I6. I2. 20. ). lOO kg /cm2. 5ms 5v. '.1 Fig. 7.. (h = I,8mm) Efiect of the pressure change at the valve 5.6mm. 2ms dia,. 2v.

(6) F. NoG'ucHl. 48. i. i, p.p.. u. h, p, p,. p=i40. ./. 88. 14.4. 44 o. Z2 o. l2 0. o. lo. 20'. 30. co. 50. o. '. 4. 8. l6. l2. 20. ioo kg lc m2. 2ms 2v. 5ms 5y. (h = l.8 mm} Fig. 8. Effect of the pressure change et the valve 4.3 inm dia.. dia.. Valve. Ng iOO. 8.6mm. x tn. ;---5.6mm. e. ------ 4.3inm. M. ep "d. HA H. u. h. P. P.. /t-. 7-. -/tl. ./ .7. o 50 k 5. ./ /7!. ca. ca. /cJ /../. o N. A. i･N t/)t;.g'/. tt-. 01ll/ -7 o. / t. /. dl-. o. l'. 1! 7. 20. t-. 40. .. itx. 60 8o. -/t. .! .--. -----. loo 120 140. Accumulated pressure kg/cin2 (h=1.8mm) Fig. 9. Effect of the pressure change on pressure amplitude..

(7) t" 't';'. Impact vibration of Ball valve 49 pressure higher than 150 kg/cm2, we were afraid to break the apparatus.). In every case, the valve lifted heightwas 1.8mm. Disposition of dynamic strain gauges is the same as in (1) the experim,ent of valve lifted height. The experiment was carrie,d out on the valyes of various inner diameters, changing the accumulated presSure 140, 120, 100 kg/cm2 respectively.. Fig. 6 shows the pressure qmplitqde-time diagram for the case oC' valve seat diameter 8.6rr}m. Every diagram on the left side shows the resu!ts at u.h.p.p.; one reading on the vertical axis is 44kg/cm2, and that on the horizontal axis is 5/1000 second. Every diagram on the right side is the result Zt,,il,i',P.'2hl O.".ei,r8/aid6gog ,O,n,,t.h.d9 Ve'tic.a.i axis is i8kg/cm2, whlie that gp the. Fig. 7 shows the case that the valve seat diameter is 5.6 mm, but as the amplitude at 1.1.p.p.' o'n the right side is so small, that we were obliged to reduce the amount of pne reading into 7.2 kg/cm2.. Fig. 8 shows'the result that the valve seat diameter 4.3mm, the amount of one reading is the same as in Fig.,,7. Fig. 9 is the composite result of last time and this time.. From this we find that,the pressure amplitude increases with the increase of accumulated pressure under constant valve lifted height.. g2. Propagation of impact vibration through the thin pipes. (1) Experimental,apparatus Fig. 10 gives the outline. In short,in this case pressure gauge and strain gauge in Fig. 1 are connected to the ball valve case as near as possible, and. beyond them connected the pipe to be 'tested,and in more ahead is connected the another strain rpeter.. Now, in convenience, we call the dynamic strain meter near the ball valve "the strain meter at the base position", and that far from it at "the top. position ". We used the dynamic strain meters MP 300 both on the top and base position. Every valve lifteq height was 1.8rpm. .. '(2) 'Pipes to be 'tested ' Copper pipes of arbitrary length 370 rr}m whose outer and inner diameters are shown in the table next are connected between the top and base strain. .t. meter g and tested. ouder･dia.mm. 9.6. innerdia.mm. 7.0. 8;O,. 211. 6.4. ,5.･O.. 3.0. -2.'4. .4.4. 2.8-'. 1.8. 1.2･. ･1.0. 6..15. 2.54. 1.13. O.78･ O.63. 1.9. ilL8･. i2.0. 1,6 c. ･6.4. O.9. O.8. O.6. O.4. O.29. O.13. T･. 38.48 32.16. I. O.50 l.

(8) F. N:eGucHi. 5Q ' 't. '. t' Dynamicseraln. gauge. '. Syncro･- oqeilloscope. (illllllgl). Broad zone. ampZifier. <Sil). to betested. blpe. Ppessure gauge. Dynam:c ' stratn gauge. C7rii. L. ll. ,.r/. `. 1. i'11. Bal1 vaive. ny ./. Valvetbody. Push rod. ' ,. motor. L. o. ,. PtBton c.Up Electrte. J&ck. Pump. PXunger. tt. Cam lever. tt /. t'. ,. Carn dlsk. Micro Switch. ,@ Q. Batterles. Dc. t2 V. ･e!i. r' l. ,L i. Change-over. .ls. sw,iteh. Fig.10. Schematicdiagram oftheexperimentalarrangement for propagation through thin pipes.. '. '. (3>Resultsofexperiment, ' ･. the FromFig.11to18,areshown pressureamplitude-timediagramsas. the results of this experiment. ･. left ･ Everydiagramshownonthe sideistheresultatthetopposition, and that on thE right side at the base position. ' ･. 'In this experiment, as it was harder than before to make appearance of the theNreflection,wecouldnotshorten timeaxisreading. .. The amount of reading is common to all diagrams, that on the vertical axis is 44kg/cm2, (except on Fig, 18 8.8kg/cm2, by the reason of excessively small amplitude), while that on the horizontal axis 50/1000 second. Experiments were carried out on pipes of various inner diameters by changing the accumulated presure 100, 80, 60, 40kg/cm2 respectively. The valve. lifted height is in all cases 1.8mm. ' Fig. 19 shows the composite result of the inner deameters from 7.0mm. 'al',. ..

(9) 51. rmpact vibration of Ball valve. Base position. TOp position. p= IOO 88. 88. 44i. 44. o. o. o. IOO I' 50S200. 50. o. 250 300. 50 I90 l50 ?OO 250 300. '. 80. 6'. L. .', .. .tt. -. 60. ;2. y. k. 40 ". kg /c m2. 50ms 5v. . 50ms 5v h = L8mm. Fig. 11.Propagationofimpactvibrationthroughpipe7.019.6dia. ,. to 1,8mm; on the Porizontal axis is taken the inner sectional area of pipe mm2, and on the vertical axiS is taken the amounts of pressure amplitude kg/cm2, and protted the curves of accumulated pressure 100, 80, 60, 40 kg/cm2 respectively..

(10) E NoGucHl. 52. Tpp positiOn. Base. -.-. posiflor. Pressure. !oo. .. 80 "･. ,. s. 60. 'Fig. 12.. 2.'s7sl6 Propagation of lmpact vibration' through.pipe' diia･.''. '. p=loo. li,. tll'. '"'. ll.I's,"' '･ ttt. tttt. ttt itittttt. 80. 4. it. ,, 60 1.. t 1cm2 kg 50 ms 5v. ･50ms 5v. h Fig. 13.. =L8mm '. Propagation of impact vibration through pipe 1.8/3.0 dia..

(11) lmpact vibration of Ball valve Tbp. 53. Base. posit-ion. -; pqsltlpn. Pressure. lOO. 80 ". ,J. 60. .,e. 40. Eig. 14. Propagation of impact vibration through pipe 1. 2/2. 4 dia. +. lOO l'. s,. ,. 80. 5. 60. 40 kg lc m2 50 ms. 50ms 5v. 5v Fig. 15.. Propagation of impact vibration through pipe. h= L8mm O. 911. 9 dia..

(12) N. 54. F. NoGucHi' ToP. Base. posltlon. position. Pressure '. lOO. 80 .. ,. 60. 40. Fig. 16.. Propagation of impact vibration through pipe. O. 81!. 8 dia.. lOO. .. 80 .. 60. 40 kg/ eva 50ms' 5v. 50ms 5v Fjg. 17.. Propagation of impact vibration through plpe. h=. l.8mm. O, 611. 6 diav.

(13) Impact vibration of BalJ valve. Top. 55. Base. position. 88. position. Pressure. 44. 88 44. lOO. o. o o. lQO. .50. l50 200 250 3oo. o. 50. 1OO. l50. 200 250 300. 80. '. ". ; ,. 60. S･?'r. 40 '1. kglcm2 o. fop position IZ 6. Pressure. s. 8.8. loo 60. o. o. 50. IOO. l50 200 250 300. l'. 80. 40 tttt.tF"t kg 7Est c rri2. 50ms. lv. h= l.8mm Fig, 18.. Propagation of impact vibration through pipe. O. 4!2. 0 dia..

(14) E NoGucHI. 56. ut ･l'1.,'''. 70.. "g. il1'L-----lll. ... '. o. x. Mth. ...---.. HA E. l･'il1. -------.---..-.----e.--.. p= "t"--""" -ti1t''''t11l. I.v tt. 1･-IQ1tINN1'lx. 60. i1 -s t"l. tny. tt. ･11. '50',. 't'h'. lll.ittLl"-'-. ,. di. tt. .I. ttt. t-"------". 40. o k =. 100. ''. -----". '------"---------- rl-..-. o. vs P H. '"n.-"-BqBe pogttion. poBition. Top. 'l. `i'l. 80. i""'1t-Lt-l'-,tl"･l. 60. '. ii-1-a---L,-･..-Jt. '. ut. co. o k pt. '. 5tytl･b ･･. II1'･. '. t'''ll･LlliIlit･･l)1:li6･4.,.;. ttt. llIII1'lts'lli. 20. 40 .. ,. kg/emZ. //. zo. ,s. II-l1.1ll･2Ii.s12..8'. 7ro.:. b 2. Fig.. 4 6 8 10 12.14 16 lg' .. 18 20 22 2/4' 26 38-30 3el34, 36 ,38'40' Pipe sectiona･1 afea mm2 ･ (h==l;8mrri ,･. /t t. v･,''l , variouS.dia.' ,- , e. '' pr"opaga'tioh of impact vibration thr'b'utthspipes. .. e '. /eliT. tti. i. /. F.. 'Mto. 't'`tt. t. '. /t '. tt. '. ''. ,v . '. '. t'tt:u, 1. '60.. ,. 'v'/tt t.. .tL'. tt. ''t+'. '. '. t'''. -' PilOO:. ttt. r'"t. li. v p rl HA. ,: l. 1 '. tt /. tt:. .o. N. t-. :'' t. '1'. t/. L.t. ttt. rra ipt't. vt,. ;d. tt. '. pt. 50. 80. di. T. o. kpt. 40 '. to. 'o. 'N. ''. ･･ A. 30. t. '' tt .:. '' tt. tt. ... '. O ''...;.+･tAf"tt.1.'. lv .. '440,g･-.. kslemt. :'t't'. " '. t '!'/. .2O. ' '. ;t-tJ.. xo '. t. '. o.' 1. J:f. k.. btt. ''`. tt. i'i:1;,.d'ia;mm. Pipeinner o.4. o. '. tt. '. '. '. 6'. /t. tJ. .th. O.' 6. b.s. O.9. :. Te2',..!.". 1.0t-'. Oi5O.6 Oe7 Oe8Oe9'1.01,L X2i,'l,3･ .pipe innef sectiQnal ar6i,r mm2: '. O'.2. O'.3O.4. Ttt. t tt. s gh .' ,Fig.20, Propaga･tion' of impact vibirqtonion ttittbi. +t- tt ' caPillarypipes.'(at top position) (h==1.8M'm). r. L,. v.

(15) Impact vibration of Ball valve. 57. i'. 70. ". o. Nss. .li-. rN. tt'r. N. ,.. 60. N. ll. NN. N. N,. M"t,. . ---"-.b.. g 3 : g di. '. '. t tt-. ,N. -t'. 80 r-"t-"-.t. NN. 40. /. : lt. sNNNS. 50. ?.. $. p==100 -t--p-" t-------nd. NN. t. !. /. /. s. NN. s. /. N. /. NN.sx. Ns. '60 ,. -- ------- .-----.-. 30 40----------p. 1{. '. ---b--- ----. -.---. 20. kgZedi. "". 10. Pipelnner O.4. o. O.1. O.6. o.8. O.9. leO. dis.ImmL. le2. o.8o.g1.oLl X21.i Pipe inner sectional arear mm2 (h=1.8mm) O.2. O.)o.4o.5. o.6. O.7. Fig. 21. Propagation of impact vibratonion through capillary pipes. (at base position). ' ' The solid line shows the change at the top position, and the dotted line shows that at the' base position.. Fig. 20 shows the composite result oftheinner diameters from 1.2mm to. O.4mm measured at the top position. ･. Fig. 21 shows the result of the sameinner diameters as in Fig. 20 at .the. L. 4. base position.. g.3. Effect of the vessel. (1) Experimental apparatus. Fig. 22 shows the outline. This shows that some vessels of various capacity volumes are connected on the way of pipe line ipstead of the thin pipes. ofFig.10ing2. . . The dynamic strain gauges bothi MP 300 are used on the top and base. posltlon., , . ' Everyvalve''liftedheightis1.8mminallcases. ' ' (2) Vessels to be tested.. Vess'els of't.the capacities 20, 80, 120, 150, 180, 240 cc were used'in the･rex. perlment.. '. ' 5.5 min, Pipes were of steel whose outer diameter 10.5 mm, inner diameter. lehgthbe!owthevesselwas110mm,abovethevesselwas150mm. '.

(16) 5s. [F. NoGUcHi. K.. ' LIXBIEamic strain gauge. '. Syncro. oscilloscope (iillli). Vessel. Broad zone arnplifier. 'Pressure gauge. Dynamic. strazn gauge 1. <3iii}). (lll i.Nj. v. Ball va!ve. Valvebodyx. Push. l. rod Pump. . Jack. o. I. / Piston cup. Plunger. Elec .triC motor. Cam lever. Cam disk. Mcro Sw,i.tch. @. i. ,. Batteries. DC l2V. Change-over (/ switch .･ 1i Ol,,fiZ-i. ･ Fig. 22. Schematic diagram of the experimental arran'gement' 1.s. for the effect of vessels. ･. (3)ResultsofExperiment. . ,. From Fig. 23 to Fig. 29 is shown the pressure amplitude-time diagrams given by this experiment. .,,,l,2f ,a.M,,Ol,"Z,O,f,/O,".e,,r2a.d,in,g,.`g i,OMh.M,l,",iO.,aia.kh,e,g/'gg6,aeg,･ ,a.n,9 that at. Experipa. ents were carried out by changing the accumulated pressure 100, 80, 60, 40 kg/cm2 respectively.. I,. Fig. 27 is the composite result of the experiment of ygrigus vessels.. " ''. '. t /t. g4..Conclusion ･･'. ./. /: . (1) Effect of valve lifted height.. When we increase the valve lifted height from zero, we find that at u.h.p.p.･. it increases the pressure amplitude so far as O.8mm, and -beyond that poiht. '.

(17) 59. Impact vibration of Ball valve. Base. il Top posltlon. position. Pressure. IOO. 80. ". 60. 40. Fig. 23.. Effect of vessel capacity == 80 cc.. p =lOO. '. 88. 88. 44. 44. 80. ,. o. o. o. 50. lOO. l50. o. 250 300. 50. lOO. l50. 200. 500. 60. 40 kglcm2. 50ms. 50ms. 5v h : l,8 rnm Fig. 24, Effect of vessel capacity == 120 cc.. 5v.

(18) IF. NoGucHI. 60. fop position. Pressure. Base position. IOO. 80 ny. ,. aj. 60. 40. Fig. 25.. Effect of vesSel capacity = 150 cc.. p = IOO. ,A. 80. 60 40 kg /cm2. 50 ms. 5v Fig. 26.. ,,. .. h=L8mm. Effect of ves$el capacity =180 cc,. 50 ms. 5v.

(19) Impact vibration of Ball valve. 61. 70. Mop position be 60. ･--------- BaBe positSon. o. × Me`'. $ s. 50 ss. :. g 4o. --- p=100. di. 80. 2. : 30 $. l ;. g. -- 60. a 20. h. 10. o. Nx. x" NNN-.-r .F Y"-'. .'. 40. kg/eme. 2o 40 6o 80 100 l20 l40 160 lso 2oo 22o 24o. Capacityofvesselcc (h=1.8mm). Fig. 27. Effect of the vessels of various capacities.. the amplitude becomes constant. The same change is shown at 1.1.p.p. but not evident. These may be made by the resistance which happens at the narrow opening of ball valve.. (2) Effect of the change of accumulated pressure. The pressure amplitude more increases when the accumulated pressure is increased more than 100 kg/cm2. (3) Propagation in the pipes.. Experiments were carried out at first with the pipe of inner diameter 7.0mm and little by little, even at last down to O.4mm. And we found out 'et/t. g･. that this impact vibration can propagate even through the thinnest capillary pipe. And also found out that down to theinner diameter 1.8mm, amplitude remains the same both at the top and base position, but in more thin pipes, amplitude decreases abruptly at the top position, while it rather increases at the base position. As measurement at the base position is felt harder, it is considered that the vibration wave is reflected by the sudden contraction at that point, and there is resistance in the capillary pipe.. (4) Effect of vessel. It was found 'that the pressure amplitude gradually decreases as the increase of capacity of vessel, and also that results at both the t･op and base. position make the same change. This may be that the vibration will be damped by the broad capacity. About the propagation in very thin pipes at g 4 (3), we intend to make more fine and detailed experiment with''.changing the length of pipes next time..

(20)