(1)SUT Journal of Mathe!natics
(F()rmerly TRU Mathematics)
Volume 29, Number 2(1993),221−232
A NOTE ON TAYLOR,S FORMULA
MAsATo HIKIDA
(Received October 4,1993)
(Revised November 4,1993)
Abstract. We show that Taylor,s formula given in[2]holds. under a
more genera1 setting, in particular, that in[2, Theorem 1], the assump−
tion of the R−v−derivative of order n being symmetric is needless.
1991Mat九ematics 5勉句ec2 classification.46A99,58C20.
Keyωords. Ranked space, Non−syrmnetric preneighborhood, Taylor,s for−
mula.
0.Introduction
Nagakura[8]investigated differential calculus in lineall ra皿ked spaces
with non−symlhetric preneighborhoods(see also[9]), and in[2],[3]’and[4]
.we’高≠р?@a further study of the calculus in such ’spaces. The method taken
there, i.e. that of ranked spaces(cf.[5],[6D, is consideral}ly different from
those of other theories of differentia1 calculus ip li n.ear spaceS. It seems to
us that the results of[2],[3],[4],[8]and[9]have a wide range of applica−
tions to problems which can not be treated by the method of topological
spaces. In fact, one of such apphcations、was given in[4]by usi皿g Taylor,s
fo1mula[2, Theorems 1,2and 3]fbr a皿ntimes R−v−di−fferentiable map
between li皿e碇rahked spaceS(see also[4, Remark 2(1)D. In this paper,
we shall show that the fbrmula holds under a more general setting, i皿
particular, that in[2, Theorem 1], the assumption of the R−”−ddrivative of
order n being Symi}etric is needless(note that as in Example 3 below, the
derivative is not necessarily symmetric). Thus we sha皿obtain the reSult
having a more wider range of appli,cations than that of[2].
In the section 1, we provide some notio血s and lemmas needed later.
In the section 2, we give ge皿eralizations of[2, Theorems 1,2and 3].
Throughout this paper, a“1inear ranked sp㏄e,, mea皿s a linear ranked
221
(2)222
ANOTE ON TAYLOR’S FORMULA
space of[8], and we conform ourselves to the te㎝inology and notation of
[2],【3】,[4]and【8].
1.Pre−linear .ranked spaces
As was mentioned in【4, Section 4】, it is convenient to consider a more
general space than a linear ranked space.
Let E be a real linear space, and assU皿e that a sequence{Vn}㌫o of
families of sul}sets of.E is given to satisfy(E.1)of【8】:
(E.1) 0∈VfCr a丑y V∈V, where V=U:Lo Vn;E∈Vo;a皿d fbr any n
and any V∈V, there are m>n and U∈. Vm such that U⊂V.
Then{Vn}is ca皿ed a rank structure on E, and a member of V. a preneigh−
borhood of the origin O of rank n. The space Eニ(E,{Vn})is ca皿ed a
pre−linear rαnked space if it satisfies(E.4’)of{8]:
(E.4’) For any y∈U二〇V毘,λy⊂VifO≦λ≦1. .
In a real linear.space E with a rank structure, a fundamental sequence
(f.s.)can be defined by means of preneighborhoods(s㏄[8]);let us denote
by j㌔(E)the collection of all O−f.s.,s in E, and given vニ{Vk}∈フモ)(E),
1et E★(v)ニSpa皿E(v), where E(v)={x∈E:fbr each k, there isλk>O
such that x∈λkVk}. Then, a linear ra皿ked space(cf.【8D is a pre』皿ear
ranked space E which satisfies(E.2),(E.3)a丑d(E.5’)of[8]:
(E.2) ’For any v∈擁b(E)and any u∈チb(E), there existsω∈チb(E)
such that V十U一くω.
(E.3) For any v∈擁b(E),λv一くvifλ>0.
(E.5’) R}ra皿y x∈E, thereis v∈チb(E)such that x∈E★@).
(Fbr sequences v= {Vk}, u = {Uk}of subsets of a Unear space and a
scalaエλ, v十%, v−uandλv denote the sequences{Vk十Uk},{Vk−Uk}
and{λVk}, respectively;andρくu means that for each k, there is k’such
that ]レ]』’ (: Uk.)
The terminology and notation in a lineaエranked space, give皿in[2],
{3],[4】and[8],can be applied to a pr.e−linear ranked spa£e with no change.
ExAMPLE 1. Let R2=R×R, where R is the real field. Let、ク=
{J:の≠」⊂{0,2π)and J is at most cou皿table}. Fbr n=1,2,_and
JE 」T,P・tV(・;∬)={(rc・・θ,r・i・θ)∈R2・0≦・<1/・,θ∈」}・L・t
Vo={R2}a泊d Vn={V(η;J):」∈、ク}. The皿(R2,{Vn}㌫o)becomes a
(3)M.HIKIDA
223
pre−linear ranked space which satisfies(E.3)
not satisfy(E.2).
a皿d(E.5’).The space does
ExAMPLE 2・Fbr n=1,2,… andα>0, put U(n;α)={(x,y)∈
R2・0≦αx2≦y<1/n}. L・t u。={R2}and・Un={U(n;α)・α>
0}.Then(R2,{Un}㌫o)becomes a pre−linear ranked space which satisfies
(E.2)a皿d(E.5’).The space does not satisfy(E.3).
As is seen in these examples, a preneighborhood need not be symmetric
or convex. T()deal with the non−symmetric case, we consider the fb皿owing
conditions(a.4*)on a O−f.s.{Vk}in a pre−linear ranked space E a皿d(A.4*)
onE:
(a.4り 璽{Vl}is a O−f.s. fbrmed by preneighl)orhoods of{Vk}and if
∩(y叶Vl)≠¢f・・p・i・t・Yl∈E・th・n th・・e叉・t{1(り}(i=0,1,2,…;
’(i)↑。。)and p・i・t・・i∈E・u・h th・t{・i+Vl(・)}i・am f.・…dth・t f・・
A
each i, there is ni such that Ym十Vm⊂zi十「巧(りfbr all m≧ni.
(A.4っ Fbr each{Vk}∈fo(E),(a.4*)holds.
The conditio皿(A.4っis general than(A.4)of[8]which states that fbr
each{Vk}∈チb(E),(a・4つholds with li=Yl(り・The sp㏄e of Example 2
does not satis」fy(A.4), but satisfies(A.4*).
In what fblows, E sta皿ds fbr a pre−linear ranked space.
LEMMA 1(cf[8, Lemma 1.2D. Let{Vk}∈チb(E), x∈Eαη∂¢」∈E
(ゴニ0,1,2,...). Suppose t九α君{Vk}satisfies(a.4っ. Then¢」→x(P−
{Vle})if・ηム鳩ザ妙e・ch・k, th・re・i・ゴ夫…九th・靖∈x+Vk−Vk・fo・
α〃ゴ≧」夫.
PRooF. It su冊ces to prove the ca5e x=0. The‘‘only if,, part is
ol)vious. T()prove the‘‘if,, part, we may assume theゴk,s to be 1≦
jo <ゴ1 〈 … <ゴA 〈 … . F()r each k a皿dゴsatisfying j≧ゴk, there is
Yk,」∈−Vk such that¢ゴ∈Yk,」十Vk. Fbr an integer l≧0, put動=0
and Vl= 「レb if l < ゴo, a丑d 動 = Yk,, and Viニ 「Vk ifゴk ≦ 1 < jk+1.
A A
Since{Vl}∈f()(E)a聖d O∈∩(動十Vl), we can find, by(a.4*),{1(の}a皿d
zi∈Eso that{zi十Vl(O}is an f」s・and that fbr each i, there is ni such
that gm十Vm⊂zi十Vl(i)fbr m≧ni. Now, given i, choose k such that
元た≧ni・Th・n・ifゴ≧」賓・th・・e i□’≧k・ati・fyi・g jた’≦ゴ〈ゴk’+・,・旦d・・
¢」∈Ykt,」十Vk,=坊十Vj⊂zi十Vl(i). This, together with O∈∩(zi十Vt(り),
sh・ws¢」→0(P一伍}).
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A NOTE ON TAnOR’S FORMULA
REMARK 1.(1)By’Lemma 1,the results of[2],[3】and 18]remain valid
if we replace(A.4)with(A.4*). By the way, we note that[2, Propositions
1,3and 4]remain vaJid if in the propositions, we replace a“linear ranked
space E”and a“linear ranked space∬”with a‘‘pre−linear ranked space
五7,,and a‘‘pre−1inear ranked space F satisfying(E.2),,, respectively.
(2)If v={Vk}∈チb(E)is symmetric(i.e. each]Vk is symmetric)and
Esatis血es(E.2), then there isω∈チb(E)such that v−v=v十v一くω,
and so“¢」∈¢十Vk−Vk fbrゴ≧元夫”(k=0,1,2,_)iml)lies xj→x
(R一ω).It is easily seen that if v−v一くv, the皿vsatisfies(a.4*). So,
in particular, a sYmmetric・and convex pre−linear ra皿ked space satisfying
(E.3)satisfies(A.4*)(the spa£e bei皿g symmetric(resp. convex)means
that the preneighborhoods in the space are symmetric(resp. convex)).
Other than(a.4*)a丑d(A.4*), we also consider the following conditions
on』 d(cf.[2],[3],【8D:
(A.1°) For qny v∈fo(E), there exists w∈fo(E)such that v一くωa皿d
the origin O is an R一ω一interior I)oint of E★(ω).
(A.2°) If¢」→x(P)in E and if fbr some v∈チb(E), x∈E★(v)and
¢」∈E★(v)fbr all the sufficiently largeゴ,s, then xj→x(P−v).
The space of Example l satis血es(A.1°), and the one of Example 2
satisfies(A.1°)and(A.2°).
When v∈フ㌔(E), we denote 1)y Q(v)(resp. P一Ω(v))the set of all
R,v.(resp. P−v−)quasi bounded sequences in E. Given v∈To(E), a
map∫:S(⊂E)→F, where F is a pre−li皿ear ranked space, is said to l)e
v−quasi bOunded(on S)if there isω∈戊:b(F)such that{¢」}∈P一Ω(v)
with¢」∈S implies{f(Z」)}∈P−Q(ω)・
LEMMA 2. Let E and F be pre−linear ranked spaces, and assume that
Fsatisfies(A.4*). Let.L:E★(㊨)(⊂En)→Fbeαmultilinear mαρ,ωhere
v∈フモ)(En)and n≧LTゐen L is v−quasi bOunded if it is”−continuous
at the origin. The■onverseるtrueガv∈チb{)(En),λv司く”プ「or anyλ>0,
αηばFsatis∫『es(E.2).
In the above,戊モ)o(E)={包∈プb(E): the origin O is an R−u−interior
point of E@)}.(If E is any one of the spaces of Examples l and 2, then
clearly j『oo(E)=夕b(E)・)
PRooF oF LEMMA 2. The first I)art follows from.Lemma l and the
propertyλ.L(x)= L(λ1/nx)・forλ >Oand x ∈ E★(v). To prove the
(5)M.:HIKIDA
225
latter paエt,1etω∈チb(F)be such that{¢」}∈P−Q(v)iMI)hes{L(¢」)}∈
P−9(ω).It is easily seen that upder・ our assumption, the statement of[7,
Lemma 1.4]holds fbr”={Vk}. Using this and multilinearity of L, we
have{L(Vk∩E★(v))}一くω一ω. This implies, by[2, Proposition 1](cf.
Remark 1(1)), that工is v−conti皿ous at the origin.
REMARK 2. Since 9(v)⊂P−Q(v), we see, by Lemma 2, that the
statement of[2, Lemma 1]in which a“linear ranked space E”is rel)1aced
with a‘‘pre一五near ranked space E”holds.
2.Taylor’s formula
In what fb皿ows,1et A={{λ」}:λ」>10,λ」→0}, and given a point x
and an.integer p≧0, put〈x>P=(x,_,¢)(p times). And of course,. for
amap f which is p times R−v−differentiable at a point x fbr a given O−f.s.
v,・轣iP)(x)denotes its R−v−derivative of order .p at x(cf.[2, Section ID.
The following is a .generalization of[2, Theorems l and 2]:
THEOREM 1・」「)et E beαρre−linear rαnked spαee, and Fα(π一T1)
co励ぴlinear rariked spαce satisfying(A.1°),(A.2°)and(A.4*). Let”=
{Vk}∈−oo(E), and let∫:1)(⊂E)→Pbe n times R−∂−differentiαble at
α∈1),ωゐe7℃1)is R−”−open and n≧1.ノlssμme, iη、 the cα8e n≧2, that
the/5μ・ω迦ゐolds: .
(茸)f・r・α・ゐρ=0,…,n−2, th・r・・i・k。 ・u・ゐtゐ・t Vk,⊂(1)一・)∩E(・)
αnd for・ηy動e∂¢∈Vk,, the m・P 、
(R、う)[0,・1D『θト・∫ω(・+θを)1元〉・・∈F
i・…伽・・u・9ρ[0・1]・ωhe・e R・i・ψ・拠・Of[8・Ex・mpl・1]・’
治:㍗・r竺ψ∈㊥8“cゐ.卿』1卿{九」}r⑳)輌ery
λ;π砥(λゴん」)丁゜(P一ω)
ωゐ・パ。(x)ニ∫(・+x)一Σ;。。(1/ρ!)∫ω(・)〈x>P(x∈(D.一・)∩E★(v)).
PRooF. When nニ1, the theofem is obvious. Assume n≧2below.
We、first show that the fblloWing holds:
(†)i[ f(n)(・)〈llln=O・for any x∈E(v), th・n’tri・re・xi・t・・∈T。(F)・u・ゐ
伽λ;π貌・一・(λ」九5)→0(P−u),・sj→。。, for every{九ゴ}∈9(v)・nd
every{λ」}∈A・ 一
(6)226
A NOTE ON TAYLOR’S FORMULA
By the de五nition of n times R−”−d三舐∋rentiability of∫atαa皿d by
Remaオks 1(1)and 2, there exist%‘∈プb(∬)(i=1,2)such that given
{Xp,」}」∈Ω@),{Yρ,」}輌∈Ω@ρ)and{μρ,」}ゴ∈A(pニ0,...,n−1),
μ;三・,」・・(μ・一・・ゴXn−・・」)(Y・一・・ゴ)丁゜(P−u・)
and someゴ1 can be fbund in such a way that
∫(・)(・+μ,,5・,”’)(y,,」)∈E★(u、)
fbr all j≧ゴ1 and a11ρ=0,...,n−1, where
rn(司ωニ∫(n−1)(・+x)(y)一∫(n−1)(・)ωづ(九)(・)(x,y)
((x,y)・((D−・)∩E★(v))・E★@れ一1))・
Choose tt∈フモ)(F)such that ul十u2’一くuand E★@)is P−%−open・Put
uニ{Uk}, and let l be such that Ut⊂E★ぴ).
Let{九」}∈Q(v)’and{λ」}∈Abe given・Fix k≧’max{ko,…,kn_2,∼},
and choose m>kso large that 2Um⊂Uk. Then we can find j’in such a
way that
λ5九ゴ∈Vm,
∫ω(・+θλ」ん」)〈九」〉・∈E★@)(ρ=0,_,n−1),
λ;1・。(θλ」九」)〈九」>n“−1∈Um−Um,
wheneveTゴ≧ゴ’andθ∈{0,1】. Fixゴ≧ゴ’, and define g:【0,1](⊂R1)→F
by
9(θ)=§5(・一θ)・λ;・f(・)(・+θλ」九」)〈九ゴ〉・
+(。…、)!(1一θ)炉1λ7−1∫(n−1)(・)〈九」>n−1・
Then g is continuous on[0,1]1)y(茸), and is R−differentiable at everyθ∈
{0,1)and
9’ iθ)
=(謬2λ7−・[f(n−・)(・+θλ・ん」)〈九」〉・一・一ン(・一・)(・)〈九」〉・一・1
ニ(耀2λ7−・レ・(eλj・h」)〈ん」〉・一・+∫(・)(・)(θλ」ん」・〈九」〉・−1)1
=(講2胸θλ」ん・)〈九」〉・一・
(7)M.HIKIDA
227
・i・ce∫(n)(・)(θλ」九」,〈ん」〉九一1)=θλゴ∫(・)(・)〈九」〉・=Obyん」∈E(・). Ob・i−
ously g([0,1D⊂E★(∋, g’([0,1))⊂E★(%)and fbr allθ∈[0,1),
9’(θ)一(T2λ7−…(θλ」ん・)〈ん・〉・一・∈λ7(Um−Um)・
Hence, by[8, Theorem 3.1]we obtain
9(1)−9(0)∈λ7砺一Um(P−u)⊂λ72(Um−Um)⊂λ7(Uk−Uk),
so thatλ7π溌n−1(λ」九」)∈0’k−Uk because of g(1)−9(0)ニ§en_1(λ」ん」).
This proves(†).
Now, by[2, Propositions 3 and 4](cf Remark 1(1)), eRn is n times R−v−
differentiable at O∈(1)一α)∩E★@), and obviously fbr each g=0,...,n−2
・・df・・any fi・・d九∈Vk,,th・m・p(Rl⊃)[0,1]∋θ→蝶)(θん)〈九〉・∈Fi・
continuous on[0,11, whereゐg is as in(1).’Moreover, using[2, Propositions
3and 4(2)], we have
酬(………)一∫(°)(・)(………)一〉Σ∫(・)(・)(・・(・)・……(・))
for q=0,_,n, where(xl,_,xq)∈E★(vq)and the summation is over
all pemlutatio皿sσof{1,_,q}. From this it readily follows that fbr
q=0,_,・綿)(0)〈x>・ニOf・・any.x∈E・(v). Theref・・e,・pPlyi・g(†)
to溌九a皿d O in place of∫andα, respectively, we see that there exists
w∈フ㌔(F)stich that
λ7[sen(λゴ九・)一嘉蛤)(・)〈λ」九・P]丁・(P一ω)
fbr every{ん」}∈9(v)and every{λ」}∈A. This completes the proof
・fth・th…em,・ince・Se。(ん)一Σ.:;(・/9!)ee£q)(0)〈九〉・−Sen(九)f・・ev・・y
ん∈(D一α)∩E★(”).
Theorem l shows that in[2, Theorem 1], the assumptio皿of the R−v−
derivative f(n)(α)being symmetric on E★(vn)is needless. Note that the
derivative is not皿ecessarily symmetric as the folloWing example shows:
ExAMPLE 3・Let E be the I)re−linear ranked space(R2,{Vn}㌶Lo)of
Example 1, a皿d F the linear ranked space(R,{)’Vn}㌫o)With )iVoニ{R}
(8)228
A NOTE ON TAYLOR’S FORMULA
and・W。 ={W(n)}〈n’=1,2,..1), whe・e・W(n)ニ{・∈R・1・’1<・1/n}・L・t
the map∫:E→F be such that f()r(x1,x2)∈E,.
∫(一)一
or綱一X:)/(X…+x:)
if (Xl,x2)≠(0,0),
if (x1,x2)ニ(0,0)・
Let v={V(k十1;{0,π/2})}∈完oo(E). Then we see,1)y[3, Theorem
4],that∫is l times R−v−differentiable at every poi.nt of E, and fbr x=
(xl,x2)∈」E7 With xl≧Oand x2≧Oi
∫(・)(・)( ・)一
o9i(¢)”’+娩
if x≠(0,0),
if x=(0,0),
wh・・e・(y、,Y2)∈E’(v)=・R2.・nd
五ωニx、( 2 2¢1−¢2)/(xl+x日)+4命6/(・子碕)2,
if2(x)ニx、(・i−・茎)/(x?+・3)−4砲茎/(x…+x;)2・
P・t・q.ニ(0,0)∈E・Lqt{ん」}・∈Q(v)・{防}∈Q(・)and{λ5}∈Ab・gi…,
where九」=(九1,t/,h2,」)≠.(q,0)and yj=(Yl,」,Y2,」). Then, noting that
ん1,」≧0,ん2,」≧Oand九1,ゴ九2,」ニOfbr a皿the sufHcie皿tly large j,s, we have
.f(・.)(α羊、λ」九3・5(y」)Llf①(q)(y.ゴ).一五(λゴ九元)yi,」、+ゐ鱗)d,・4’‘
.一
?D’・t.t ,, 」,.1,三{一鵜:裟:;,隠;:1,.
=λ」九・識,」一λゴん2,」鋤・・’
日・mthi・wC・a・ily・e吋・t.∫i・2・.ti!n・・R・?・diffe・enti・blC at・・and it・
R.・−d・・i・atiV6・f 6・de・21i訂②(の((X1,X,2),(y、,∂、))ニ・i∂・一鋤,wh・・e
((xl,x2),(Y1,Y2))∈E★(’v2)=E★@)×E★(”). So fbr((¢i,0),(0,Y2))∈
E(♂、)=・E(v).・xEωwith靱2≠0,..._、、..,・・、....、
・1 Eア(2)(のて(滅,o);(0,笛))≡・、y、≠岨、三∫(2)(・)((O’S・Y・);(¢・;:O))㌧.
and thus∫(2)(α)is not symmetric on E@2)(⊂E★(v2)). We remark that
for :thiS C文a血plei the hypotheses of Theore㎡・rare‘fulfilled.(With−D=E,
・=(0;0)and・=−2)ジand−w・・ee A;2se・(λ」九」)=O→0(R一ω)・f・・ev・・y
{ん」}∈9ω・and・eV・ry{λ」}∈A, wh・・eωニ{W(k+1)}∈f・(F)・
RBMARK』3☆(1)1皿Theorem 1, if in addition E(v.)=−E@)(resp. F
is symmetric),・then the assumption(‖)(resp.〈A.4*))is superfluous. By
(9)M.HIKIDA .
229
Theorem 1,/the assumption of[4, Theorem 3]that∫(n)(α)is symmetric
・nE★(vn)is needless・
(2)The ・notion of. n times P−v−differentiability, which implies that pf n
times R−v−differentiability, was given in[2, Section 3]. We call the state−
ment of Theorem l in which the symbols“R”and“9”are respectively
replaced with“P,, and“P−9,, the P−version of Theorem 1. Then using
Lemma 2, we see, by the similar way to the proof of Theorem 1, that
tゐεP−vεrsion Of Theorem l holds if v satisfies(a.4つ(in this case, the
assumptionωis super血uous i皿the P−version)・
(3)In the proof of[1, Theorem 1]which provides Taylor,s fbrmula
fbr an“n times R−differentiable map,, between sym皿etric linear ra皿ked
spaces(c£[i])’,’.we used symmetry of the“higher order R−derivatives,,.
But for the proof, we need not use symmetry of the derivatives, since the
I)rOof of Theorem l holds true..f()r[1, Theorem 1].
The notion ofπtimes weak R一ヵ一differentiability, which is weaker・than
that of n times R−v−differentiabili’ty, was give血in【4, Section i]fbr a map
with domain in a linear ranked space and range if R. As remarked there,
that weak di醗rehtial)ility can be defined for a map with range in.a pre−
1inear ranked space. The precise definitioh is as fbnows; ・−
Let∫・D(⊂E)→F, wh・・e’D i・R−v−・pen f・・’s・me”・V∈Z・・(E)
and F is’a(π一T1)pre4inearTanked・space satis][ying(E.2)and(A,4).
We” first define f to be.always O、times weakly R−v−differentiable at、eyery
P。i。t。f D, and p・tぴ)(・;・)ニfS°)(・)=∫(・)・(・∈D). F・・th・i・t・ge・
n≧1,we say that∫is n times Weakly R−v−differenti−able −atα∈Dif it
is n−1times weakly R−v−differentiable at every point ofρand、if there
exists a multilinear map e:E★(vn)(⊂En)→Fsuch that f()r any五xed
(h,z)∈E(v)・E(v”: 1), the・ei・・∈乃(F).s・・hth・tλ71・。(λ5九)(z)→0
(P−u),・・」→。。,f・・ev・・y{λ」}∈A, wh・・e 8,(x)ω=fS”’一’1)(・+x)ω一
富一1)(・)ω一e(x,y)((¢,y)∈((D−・)∩E★(v))・E★(bn−1))・・Th・n,・iice
,u。h e i、・。niq・・ly d・t・tmi・・d i・E・(vn), w・d・n・t・it by富)(・;v),6・
b・i・fiy by fS”)(・);.and・all・it・th・w・ak・R−・−d・・i・・ti…f・・d・…f∫・t・.
・(R。m・・k th・t w・d・n・t誌・um・any・・nti皿ity・f fS’)(・;v).)・.
Clearly, if f is n times・1しv−differentiable’at a, then it isηtimes weakly
R−v,di』。ti・bl・th・・e a・d fY)(・)=∫(・)(・).(恥・the c・nv…e, w・・refe・
the reader to[4, Section 1].)
We s㏄, by the similar way to the proof of Theorem 1,that the fblowi皿g
“w−versio皿,, of Theorem l holds(c£{4, Remark 2(1)D:
(10)230
ANOTE ON㎜OR,S FORM肌A
THEOREM 2. Leげ:D(⊂E)→Fk城me8ωω殉R−”−differentiable
atα∈1),ωゐere E, F,”, D and 7〕areα8 in Theonem 1.・Let・(‖)w denote
(茸)ω袖ぴ)碑’…Of f(・),・・d…um・,繍・㏄…≧2, th・t(茸)。
ゐold5 witゐv={Vk}. Then,9あen九∈E(v), t九ere existsω∈万)(F)such
tゐatプbr every{λ」}∈A,
λ;3R・(λ」九)丁゜(P一ω)
ω九・誠。(x)=∫(・+・)一Σ;。。(・/P!)fS?)(・)〈・〉・(x∈(D−・)∩E★(v))・
Moreover we see, by the same way as in【2], that the following“w−
versions,, of[2, Theorem 3 and Corollary 2】hold(cf.【4, Remark 2ωD:
THEOREM 3. Let E be a pre−lineαr ranked spαce, and Fα(7r−T1)linea r
rankαd spα¢e satisfying(A.2°)and(A.4っ. Let f:D(⊂E)→F6eηtimes
weakly R一幻一ばifferentiable at every point qr 1),ωゐe陀”∈∫bo(E)and D is
R−”−open. Letα∈1),αnばlet九∈Ebe suc九tゐα彦θ九∈(D一α)∩E(v)プbr
α∫Zθ∈【0,1].Suppose‘ゐαオ君ゐe fbllowing(a),(b)and(c)ゐolば:
(・)for e・吻=0,_,・,オ九・卿(R、⊃)[0,1Dθ→富)(・+
θ九)〈九〉ρ∈F‘8continuous oη[0,11;
(b) 抗ere is an at mo8オcountable se君」⊂[0,1)such that∫for ever3t
θ∈[0,1)\」,ゾ‘8π十1timesωeakly R−”−differentiable at a十θん;
(・)‘九・悟一⑳・xω∈T。(F)…ゐ伽り掌)(・+θ九)〈ん〉・∈E・(ω)
プ「or aUθ∈【0,1】andα〃pニ0,...,7▲.
ijB is。⑳・x・ub・et・OfF・・dσ雷+1)(・+θ九)〈九〉・+・∈.万(P一ω)∩E・(ω)
∫brαμθ∈[0,1)\」,‡ゐen
1 _
λ一(n+1).R,z(λん)∈
B(P一ω)
(n十1)!
for everyλ∈(0,1], where.R),, isαs in T九eorem 2.
COROLLARY. Let f:D(⊂E)→Fbe n times weakly R−v−differentiable
at et)ery 1)oint or 1),ωんere 1ワ, F,”,1)α7℃αs‘n Theorem 3 and F‘sα」80
convex and satisfies(A.1°). Letα∈D,αηd let九∈Ebeα8 in T九eorem
3,and assume¢九α‘(a)and(b)9∫Theorem 3力old・
(1)互富+1)(・+θ九)〈ん〉・+・=O・for・ll・e∈【0,1)\J, t九・・
∫(・+θん)=嘉ぴ)(・)〈θ九〉・
(11)M.HIKIDA
231
for everyθ∈[0,1].
(2) 1アL:E★(vn+1) (⊂ En+1) → F is α multilinear map, Bl is α
convex subset O∫∬andヴプ「or 80meω1∈フモ)(F),
fSn+1)(・+θ九)〈ん>n+L L〈九>n+1∈耳(P一ω、)∩E★(ω、)
ノ「or allθ∈[0,1)\」, then there is w2∈戊モ}(F)sueh thatω1一くω2 and
λ一(n+1) mRn(λん)一 1
(n+1)!
L〈λh>n+1
n・(。÷1)!恥・)
プ’or everyλ∈(0,1], where Rn isα8 in Theorem 2.
REMARK 4. In Theorems 2,3a皿d ’ Corollary, the same remark as in
Remark 3(1)applies to the assumptio皿s(#)w a皿d(A.4*). In Theorem 3
and Corolary, if in addition E(v)=−E(v), then continuity of the map in
(a)is reqUired only fbr Pニn.
Acknowledgment. The author wishes to tha皿k the referee f()r his
helpf皿l comments.
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Department of Applied Mathematics
Faculty of Science
Okayama University of Science
1−1Ridai−ch6,0kayama 700, J apan