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SUT Journal of Mathe!natics (F()rmerly TRU Mathematics) Volume 29, Number 2(1993),221−232

A NOTE ON TAYLOR,S FORMULA

MAsATo HIKIDA

(Received October 4,1993) (Revised November 4,1993) Abstract. We show that Taylor,s formula given in[2]holds. under a more genera1 setting, in particular, that in[2, Theorem 1], the assump− tion of the R−v−derivative of order n being symmetric is needless. 1991Mat九ematics 5勉句ec2 classification.46A99,58C20. Keyωords. Ranked space, Non−syrmnetric preneighborhood, Taylor,s for− mula.

0.Introduction

   Nagakura[8]investigated differential calculus in lineall ra皿ked spaces with non−symlhetric preneighborhoods(see also[9]), and in[2],[3]’and[4] .we’高≠р?@a further study of the calculus in such ’spaces. The method taken there, i.e. that of ranked spaces(cf.[5],[6D, is consideral}ly different from those of other theories of differentia1 calculus ip li n.ear spaceS. It seems to us that the results of[2],[3],[4],[8]and[9]have a wide range of applica− tions to problems which can not be treated by the method of topological spaces. In fact, one of such apphcations、was given in[4]by usi皿g Taylor,s fo1mula[2, Theorems 1,2and 3]fbr a皿ntimes R−v−di−fferentiable map between li皿e碇rahked spaceS(see also[4, Remark 2(1)D. In this paper, we shall show that the fbrmula holds under a more general setting, i皿 particular, that in[2, Theorem 1], the assumption of the R−”−ddrivative of order n being Symi}etric is needless(note that as in Example 3 below, the derivative is not necessarily symmetric). Thus we sha皿obtain the reSult having a more wider range of appli,cations than that of[2].    In the section 1, we provide some notio血s and lemmas needed later. In the section 2, we give ge皿eralizations of[2, Theorems 1,2and 3]. Throughout this paper, a“1inear ranked sp㏄e,, mea皿s a linear ranked

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ANOTE ON TAYLOR’S FORMULA

space of[8], and we conform ourselves to the te㎝inology and notation of [2],【3】,[4]and【8].

1.Pre−linear .ranked spaces

   As was mentioned in【4, Section 4】, it is convenient to consider a more general space than a linear ranked space.    Let E be a real linear space, and assU皿e that a sequence{Vn}㌫o of families of sul}sets of.E is given to satisfy(E.1)of【8】: (E.1) 0∈VfCr a丑y V∈V, where V=U:Lo Vn;E∈Vo;a皿d fbr any n and any V∈V, there are m>n and U∈. Vm such that U⊂V. Then{Vn}is ca皿ed a rank structure on E, and a member of V. a preneigh− borhood of the origin O of rank n. The space Eニ(E,{Vn})is ca皿ed a pre−linear rαnked space if it satisfies(E.4’)of{8]:

(E.4’) For any y∈U二〇V毘,λy⊂VifO≦λ≦1.       .

   In a real linear.space E with a rank structure, a fundamental sequence (f.s.)can be defined by means of preneighborhoods(s㏄[8]);let us denote by j㌔(E)the collection of all O−f.s.,s in E, and given vニ{Vk}∈フモ)(E), 1et E★(v)ニSpa皿E(v), where E(v)={x∈E:fbr each k, there isλk>O such that x∈λkVk}. Then, a linear ra皿ked space(cf.【8D is a pre』皿ear ranked space E which satisfies(E.2),(E.3)a丑d(E.5’)of[8]: (E.2) ’For any v∈擁b(E)and any u∈チb(E), there existsω∈チb(E) such that V十U一くω. (E.3) For any v∈擁b(E),λv一くvifλ>0. (E.5’) R}ra皿y x∈E, thereis v∈チb(E)such that x∈E★@). (Fbr sequences v= {Vk}, u = {Uk}of subsets of a Unear space and a

scalaエλ, v十%, v−uandλv denote the sequences{Vk十Uk},{Vk−Uk}

and{λVk}, respectively;andρくu means that for each k, there is k’such that ]レ]』’ (: Uk.)    The terminology and notation in a lineaエranked space, give皿in[2], {3],[4】and[8],can be applied to a pr.e−linear ranked spa£e with no change.    ExAMPLE 1. Let R2=R×R, where R is the real field. Let、ク= {J:の≠」⊂{0,2π)and J is at most cou皿table}. Fbr n=1,2,_and JE 」T,P・tV(・;∬)={(rc・・θ,r・i・θ)∈R2・0≦・<1/・,θ∈」}・L・t Vo={R2}a泊d Vn={V(η;J):」∈、ク}. The皿(R2,{Vn}㌫o)becomes a

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223

pre−linear ranked space which satisfies(E.3) not satisfy(E.2). a皿d(E.5’).The space does

   ExAMPLE 2・Fbr n=1,2,… andα>0, put U(n;α)={(x,y)∈

R2・0≦αx2≦y<1/n}. L・t u。={R2}and・Un={U(n;α)・α>

0}.Then(R2,{Un}㌫o)becomes a pre−linear ranked space which satisfies (E.2)a皿d(E.5’).The space does not satisfy(E.3).    As is seen in these examples, a preneighborhood need not be symmetric or convex. T()deal with the non−symmetric case, we consider the fb皿owing conditions(a.4*)on a O−f.s.{Vk}in a pre−linear ranked space E a皿d(A.4*)

onE:

      (a.4り 璽{Vl}is a O−f.s. fbrmed by preneighl)orhoods of{Vk}and if ∩(y叶Vl)≠¢f・・p・i・t・Yl∈E・th・n th・・e叉・t{1(り}(i=0,1,2,…; ’(i)↑。。)and p・i・t・・i∈E・u・h th・t{・i+Vl(・)}i・am f.・…dth・t f・・        A each i, there is ni such that Ym十Vm⊂zi十「巧(りfbr all m≧ni. (A.4っ Fbr each{Vk}∈fo(E),(a.4*)holds.    The conditio皿(A.4っis general than(A.4)of[8]which states that fbr each{Vk}∈チb(E),(a・4つholds with li=Yl(り・The sp㏄e of Example 2 does not satis」fy(A.4), but satisfies(A.4*).    In what fblows, E sta皿ds fbr a pre−linear ranked space.    LEMMA 1(cf[8, Lemma 1.2D. Let{Vk}∈チb(E), x∈Eαη∂¢」∈E (ゴニ0,1,2,...). Suppose t九α君{Vk}satisfies(a.4っ. Then¢」→x(P−

{Vle})if・ηム鳩ザ妙e・ch・k, th・re・i・ゴ夫…九th・靖∈x+Vk−Vk・fo・

α〃ゴ≧」夫.    PRooF. It su冊ces to prove the ca5e x=0. The‘‘only if,, part is ol)vious. T()prove the‘‘if,, part, we may assume theゴk,s to be 1≦ jo <ゴ1 〈 …  <ゴA 〈 … . F()r each k a皿dゴsatisfying j≧ゴk, there is

Yk,」∈−Vk such that¢ゴ∈Yk,」十Vk. Fbr an integer l≧0, put動=0

       and Vl= 「レb if l < ゴo, a丑d 動 = Yk,, and Viニ 「Vk ifゴk ≦ 1 < jk+1.       A       A Since{Vl}∈f()(E)a聖d O∈∩(動十Vl), we can find, by(a.4*),{1(の}a皿d zi∈Eso that{zi十Vl(O}is an f」s・and that fbr each i, there is ni such         that gm十Vm⊂zi十Vl(i)fbr m≧ni. Now, given i, choose k such that 元た≧ni・Th・n・ifゴ≧」賓・th・・e i□’≧k・ati・fyi・g jた’≦ゴ〈ゴk’+・,・旦d・・ ¢」∈Ykt,」十Vk,=坊十Vj⊂zi十Vl(i). This, together with O∈∩(zi十Vt(り), sh・ws¢」→0(P一伍}).

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A NOTE ON TAnOR’S FORMULA

   REMARK 1.(1)By’Lemma 1,the results of[2],[3】and 18]remain valid if we replace(A.4)with(A.4*). By the way, we note that[2, Propositions 1,3and 4]remain vaJid if in the propositions, we replace a“linear ranked space E”and a“linear ranked space∬”with a‘‘pre−linear ranked space 五7,,and a‘‘pre−1inear ranked space F satisfying(E.2),,, respectively.    (2)If v={Vk}∈チb(E)is symmetric(i.e. each]Vk is symmetric)and Esatis血es(E.2), then there isω∈チb(E)such that v−v=v十v一くω,

and so“¢」∈¢十Vk−Vk fbrゴ≧元夫”(k=0,1,2,_)iml)lies xj→x

(R一ω).It is easily seen that if v−v一くv, the皿vsatisfies(a.4*). So, in particular, a sYmmetric・and convex pre−linear ra皿ked space satisfying (E.3)satisfies(A.4*)(the spa£e bei皿g symmetric(resp. convex)means that the preneighborhoods in the space are symmetric(resp. convex)).    Other than(a.4*)a丑d(A.4*), we also consider the following conditions on』 d(cf.[2],[3],【8D: (A.1°) For qny v∈fo(E), there exists w∈fo(E)such that v一くωa皿d the origin O is an R一ω一interior I)oint of E★(ω). (A.2°) If¢」→x(P)in E and if fbr some v∈チb(E), x∈E★(v)and ¢」∈E★(v)fbr all the sufficiently largeゴ,s, then xj→x(P−v).    The space of Example l satis血es(A.1°), and the one of Example 2 satisfies(A.1°)and(A.2°).    When v∈フ㌔(E), we denote 1)y Q(v)(resp. P一Ω(v))the set of all R,v.(resp. P−v−)quasi bounded sequences in E. Given v∈To(E), a map∫:S(⊂E)→F, where F is a pre−li皿ear ranked space, is said to l)e v−quasi bOunded(on S)if there isω∈戊:b(F)such that{¢」}∈P一Ω(v) with¢」∈S implies{f(Z」)}∈P−Q(ω)・    LEMMA 2. Let E and F be pre−linear ranked spaces, and assume that Fsatisfies(A.4*). Let.L:E★(㊨)(⊂En)→Fbeαmultilinear mαρ,ωhere v∈フモ)(En)and n≧LTゐen L is v−quasi bOunded if it is”−continuous at the origin. The■onverseるtrueガv∈チb{)(En),λv司く”プ「or anyλ>0, αηばFsatis∫『es(E.2).    In the above,戊モ)o(E)={包∈プb(E): the origin O is an R−u−interior point of E@)}.(If E is any one of the spaces of Examples l and 2, then clearly j『oo(E)=夕b(E)・)    PRooF oF LEMMA 2. The first I)art follows from.Lemma l and the propertyλ.L(x)= L(λ1/nx)・forλ >Oand x ∈ E★(v). To prove the

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latter paエt,1etω∈チb(F)be such that{¢」}∈P−Q(v)iMI)hes{L(¢」)}∈ P−9(ω).It is easily seen that upder・ our assumption, the statement of[7, Lemma 1.4]holds fbr”={Vk}. Using this and multilinearity of L, we have{L(Vk∩E★(v))}一くω一ω. This implies, by[2, Proposition 1](cf. Remark 1(1)), that工is v−conti皿ous at the origin.    REMARK 2. Since 9(v)⊂P−Q(v), we see, by Lemma 2, that the statement of[2, Lemma 1]in which a“linear ranked space E”is rel)1aced with a‘‘pre一五near ranked space E”holds.

2.Taylor’s formula

   In what fb皿ows,1et A={{λ」}:λ」>10,λ」→0}, and given a point x and an.integer p≧0, put〈x>P=(x,_,¢)(p times). And of course,. for amap f which is p times R−v−differentiable at a point x fbr a given O−f.s. v,・轣iP)(x)denotes its R−v−derivative of order .p at x(cf.[2, Section ID.    The following is a .generalization of[2, Theorems l and 2]:    THEOREM 1・」「)et E beαρre−linear rαnked spαee, and Fα(π一T1) co励ぴlinear rariked spαce satisfying(A.1°),(A.2°)and(A.4*). Let”= {Vk}∈−oo(E), and let∫:1)(⊂E)→Pbe n times R−∂−differentiαble at α∈1),ωゐe7℃1)is R−”−open and n≧1.ノlssμme, iη、 the cα8e n≧2, that

the/5μ・ω迦ゐolds: .

(茸)f・r・α・ゐρ=0,…,n−2, th・r・・i・k。 ・u・ゐtゐ・t Vk,⊂(1)一・)∩E(・)

αnd for・ηy動e∂¢∈Vk,, the m・P    、

      (R、う)[0,・1D『θト・∫ω(・+θを)1元〉・・∈F i・…伽・・u・9ρ[0・1]・ωhe・e R・i・ψ・拠・Of[8・Ex・mpl・1]・’

治:㍗・r竺ψ∈㊥8“cゐ.卿』1卿{九」}r⑳)輌ery

      λ;π砥(λゴん」)丁゜(P一ω) ωゐ・パ。(x)ニ∫(・+x)一Σ;。。(1/ρ!)∫ω(・)〈x>P(x∈(D.一・)∩E★(v)).    PRooF. When nニ1, the theofem is obvious. Assume n≧2below.    We、first show that the fblloWing holds: (†)i[ f(n)(・)〈llln=O・for any x∈E(v), th・n’tri・re・xi・t・・∈T。(F)・u・ゐ 伽λ;π貌・一・(λ」九5)→0(P−u),・sj→。。, for every{九ゴ}∈9(v)・nd every{λ」}∈A・      一

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A NOTE ON TAYLOR’S FORMULA

  By the de五nition of n times R−”−d三舐∋rentiability of∫atαa皿d by Remaオks 1(1)and 2, there exist%‘∈プb(∬)(i=1,2)such that given {Xp,」}」∈Ω@),{Yρ,」}輌∈Ω@ρ)and{μρ,」}ゴ∈A(pニ0,...,n−1),       μ;三・,」・・(μ・一・・ゴXn−・・」)(Y・一・・ゴ)丁゜(P−u・) and someゴ1 can be fbund in such a way that        ∫(・)(・+μ,,5・,”’)(y,,」)∈E★(u、) fbr all j≧ゴ1 and a11ρ=0,...,n−1, where       rn(司ωニ∫(n−1)(・+x)(y)一∫(n−1)(・)ωづ(九)(・)(x,y)        ((x,y)・((D−・)∩E★(v))・E★@れ一1))・ Choose tt∈フモ)(F)such that ul十u2’一くuand E★@)is P−%−open・Put uニ{Uk}, and let l be such that Ut⊂E★ぴ).   Let{九」}∈Q(v)’and{λ」}∈Abe given・Fix k≧’max{ko,…,kn_2,∼}, and choose m>kso large that 2Um⊂Uk. Then we can find j’in such a

way that

      λ5九ゴ∈Vm,       ∫ω(・+θλ」ん」)〈九」〉・∈E★@)(ρ=0,_,n−1),       λ;1・。(θλ」九」)〈九」>n“−1∈Um−Um, wheneveTゴ≧ゴ’andθ∈{0,1】. Fixゴ≧ゴ’, and define g:【0,1](⊂R1)→F

by

       9(θ)=§5(・一θ)・λ;・f(・)(・+θλ」九」)〈九ゴ〉・        +(。…、)!(1一θ)炉1λ7−1∫(n−1)(・)〈九」>n−1・ Then g is continuous on[0,1]1)y(茸), and is R−differentiable at everyθ∈ {0,1)and 9’ iθ)     =(謬2λ7−・[f(n−・)(・+θλ・ん」)〈九」〉・一・一ン(・一・)(・)〈九」〉・一・1     ニ(耀2λ7−・レ・(eλj・h」)〈ん」〉・一・+∫(・)(・)(θλ」ん」・〈九」〉・−1)1

    =(講2胸θλ」ん・)〈九」〉・一・

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・i・ce∫(n)(・)(θλ」九」,〈ん」〉九一1)=θλゴ∫(・)(・)〈九」〉・=Obyん」∈E(・). Ob・i− ously g([0,1D⊂E★(∋, g’([0,1))⊂E★(%)and fbr allθ∈[0,1), 9’(θ)一(T2λ7−…(θλ」ん・)〈ん・〉・一・∈λ7(Um−Um)・ Hence, by[8, Theorem 3.1]we obtain

9(1)−9(0)∈λ7砺一Um(P−u)⊂λ72(Um−Um)⊂λ7(Uk−Uk),

so thatλ7π溌n−1(λ」九」)∈0’k−Uk because of g(1)−9(0)ニ§en_1(λ」ん」). This proves(†).    Now, by[2, Propositions 3 and 4](cf Remark 1(1)), eRn is n times R−v− differentiable at O∈(1)一α)∩E★@), and obviously fbr each g=0,...,n−2 ・・df・・any fi・・d九∈Vk,,th・m・p(Rl⊃)[0,1]∋θ→蝶)(θん)〈九〉・∈Fi・ continuous on[0,11, whereゐg is as in(1).’Moreover, using[2, Propositions 3and 4(2)], we have 酬(………)一∫(°)(・)(………)一〉Σ∫(・)(・)(・・(・)・……(・)) for q=0,_,n, where(xl,_,xq)∈E★(vq)and the summation is over all pemlutatio皿sσof{1,_,q}. From this it readily follows that fbr q=0,_,・綿)(0)〈x>・ニOf・・any.x∈E・(v). Theref・・e,・pPlyi・g(†) to溌九a皿d O in place of∫andα, respectively, we see that there exists w∈フ㌔(F)stich that λ7[sen(λゴ九・)一嘉蛤)(・)〈λ」九・P]丁・(P一ω)

fbr every{ん」}∈9(v)and every{λ」}∈A. This completes the proof

・fth・th…em,・ince・Se。(ん)一Σ.:;(・/9!)ee£q)(0)〈九〉・−Sen(九)f・・ev・・y ん∈(D一α)∩E★(”).    Theorem l shows that in[2, Theorem 1], the assumptio皿of the R−v− derivative f(n)(α)being symmetric on E★(vn)is needless. Note that the derivative is not皿ecessarily symmetric as the folloWing example shows:    ExAMPLE 3・Let E be the I)re−linear ranked space(R2,{Vn}㌶Lo)of Example 1, a皿d F the linear ranked space(R,{)’Vn}㌫o)With )iVoニ{R}

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A NOTE ON TAYLOR’S FORMULA

and・W。 ={W(n)}〈n’=1,2,..1), whe・e・W(n)ニ{・∈R・1・’1<・1/n}・L・t the map∫:E→F be such that f()r(x1,x2)∈E,.

∫(一)一

or綱一X:)/(X…+x:)

if  (Xl,x2)≠(0,0), if  (x1,x2)ニ(0,0)・ Let v={V(k十1;{0,π/2})}∈完oo(E). Then we see,1)y[3, Theorem 4],that∫is l times R−v−differentiable at every poi.nt of E, and fbr x= (xl,x2)∈」E7 With xl≧Oand x2≧Oi ∫(・)(・)( ・)一

o9i(¢)”’+娩

if  x≠(0,0), if  x=(0,0), wh・・e・(y、,Y2)∈E’(v)=・R2.・nd 五ωニx、( 2   2¢1−¢2)/(xl+x日)+4命6/(・子碕)2, if2(x)ニx、(・i−・茎)/(x?+・3)−4砲茎/(x…+x;)2・ P・t・q.ニ(0,0)∈E・Lqt{ん」}・∈Q(v)・{防}∈Q(・)and{λ5}∈Ab・gi…, where九」=(九1,t/,h2,」)≠.(q,0)and yj=(Yl,」,Y2,」). Then, noting that ん1,」≧0,ん2,」≧Oand九1,ゴ九2,」ニOfbr a皿the sufHcie皿tly large j,s, we have .f(・.)(α羊、λ」九3・5(y」)Llf①(q)(y.ゴ).一五(λゴ九元)yi,」、+ゐ鱗)d,・4’‘

.一

?D’・t.t ,, 」,.1,三{一鵜:裟:;,隠;:1,.

      =λ」九・識,」一λゴん2,」鋤・・’ 日・mthi・wC・a・ily・e吋・t.∫i・2・.ti!n・・R・?・diffe・enti・blC at・・and it・ R.・−d・・i・atiV6・f 6・de・21i訂②(の((X1,X,2),(y、,∂、))ニ・i∂・一鋤,wh・・e ((xl,x2),(Y1,Y2))∈E★(’v2)=E★@)×E★(”). So fbr((¢i,0),(0,Y2))∈

E(♂、)=・E(v).・xEωwith靱2≠0,..._、、..,・・、....、

・1 Eア(2)(のて(滅,o);(0,笛))≡・、y、≠岨、三∫(2)(・)((O’S・Y・);(¢・;:O))㌧. and thus∫(2)(α)is not symmetric on E@2)(⊂E★(v2)). We remark that for :thiS C文a血plei the hypotheses of Theore㎡・rare‘fulfilled.(With−D=E, ・=(0;0)and・=−2)ジand−w・・ee A;2se・(λ」九」)=O→0(R一ω)・f・・ev・・y {ん」}∈9ω・and・eV・ry{λ」}∈A, wh・・eωニ{W(k+1)}∈f・(F)・    RBMARK』3☆(1)1皿Theorem 1, if in addition E(v.)=−E@)(resp. F is symmetric),・then the assumption(‖)(resp.〈A.4*))is superfluous. By

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M.HIKIDA .

229

Theorem 1,/the assumption of[4, Theorem 3]that∫(n)(α)is symmetric ・nE★(vn)is needless・    (2)The ・notion of. n times P−v−differentiability, which implies that pf n times R−v−differentiability, was given in[2, Section 3]. We call the state−

ment of Theorem l in which the symbols“R”and“9”are respectively

replaced with“P,, and“P−9,, the P−version of Theorem 1. Then using Lemma 2, we see, by the similar way to the proof of Theorem 1, that tゐεP−vεrsion Of Theorem l holds if v satisfies(a.4つ(in this case, the assumptionωis super血uous i皿the P−version)・    (3)In the proof of[1, Theorem 1]which provides Taylor,s fbrmula fbr an“n times R−differentiable map,, between sym皿etric linear ra皿ked spaces(c£[i])’,’.we used symmetry of the“higher order R−derivatives,,. But for the proof, we need not use symmetry of the derivatives, since the I)rOof of Theorem l holds true..f()r[1, Theorem 1].    The notion ofπtimes weak R一ヵ一differentiability, which is weaker・than that of n times R−v−differentiabili’ty, was give血in【4, Section i]fbr a map with domain in a linear ranked space and range if R. As remarked there, that weak di醗rehtial)ility can be defined for a map with range in.a pre− 1inear ranked space. The precise definitioh is as fbnows; ・−    Let∫・D(⊂E)→F, wh・・e’D i・R−v−・pen f・・’s・me”・V∈Z・・(E) and F is’a(π一T1)pre4inearTanked・space satis][ying(E.2)and(A,4). We” first define f to be.always O、times weakly R−v−differentiable at、eyery P。i。t。f D, and p・tぴ)(・;・)ニfS°)(・)=∫(・)・(・∈D). F・・th・i・t・ge・ n≧1,we say that∫is n times Weakly R−v−differenti−able −atα∈Dif it is n−1times weakly R−v−differentiable at every point ofρand、if there exists a multilinear map e:E★(vn)(⊂En)→Fsuch that f()r any五xed (h,z)∈E(v)・E(v”: 1), the・ei・・∈乃(F).s・・hth・tλ71・。(λ5九)(z)→0 (P−u),・・」→。。,f・・ev・・y{λ」}∈A, wh・・e 8,(x)ω=fS”’一’1)(・+x)ω一 富一1)(・)ω一e(x,y)((¢,y)∈((D−・)∩E★(v))・E★(bn−1))・・Th・n,・iice ,u。h e i、・。niq・・ly d・t・tmi・・d i・E・(vn), w・d・n・t・it by富)(・;v),6・ b・i・fiy by fS”)(・);.and・all・it・th・w・ak・R−・−d・・i・・ti…f・・d・…f∫・t・. ・(R。m・・k th・t w・d・n・t誌・um・any・・nti皿ity・f fS’)(・;v).)・.    Clearly, if f is n times・1しv−differentiable’at a, then it isηtimes weakly R−v,di』。ti・bl・th・・e a・d fY)(・)=∫(・)(・).(恥・the c・nv…e, w・・refe・ the reader to[4, Section 1].)    We s㏄, by the similar way to the proof of Theorem 1,that the fblowi皿g “w−versio皿,, of Theorem l holds(c£{4, Remark 2(1)D:

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230

ANOTE ON㎜OR,S FORM肌A

  THEOREM 2. Leげ:D(⊂E)→Fk城me8ωω殉R−”−differentiable

atα∈1),ωゐere E, F,”, D and 7〕areα8 in Theonem 1.・Let・(‖)w denote

(茸)ω袖ぴ)碑’…Of f(・),・・d…um・,繍・㏄…≧2, th・t(茸)。

ゐold5 witゐv={Vk}. Then,9あen九∈E(v), t九ere existsω∈万)(F)such tゐatプbr every{λ」}∈A,        λ;3R・(λ」九)丁゜(P一ω) ω九・誠。(x)=∫(・+・)一Σ;。。(・/P!)fS?)(・)〈・〉・(x∈(D−・)∩E★(v))・    Moreover we see, by the same way as in【2], that the following“w− versions,, of[2, Theorem 3 and Corollary 2】hold(cf.【4, Remark 2ωD:    THEOREM 3. Let E be a pre−lineαr ranked spαce, and Fα(7r−T1)linea r rankαd spα¢e satisfying(A.2°)and(A.4っ. Let f:D(⊂E)→F6eηtimes weakly R一幻一ばifferentiable at every point qr 1),ωゐe陀”∈∫bo(E)and D is R−”−open. Letα∈1),αnばlet九∈Ebe suc九tゐα彦θ九∈(D一α)∩E(v)プbr α∫Zθ∈【0,1].Suppose‘ゐαオ君ゐe fbllowing(a),(b)and(c)ゐolば:

   (・)for e・吻=0,_,・,オ九・卿(R、⊃)[0,1Dθ→富)(・+

θ九)〈九〉ρ∈F‘8continuous oη[0,11;    (b) 抗ere is an at mo8オcountable se君」⊂[0,1)such that∫for ever3t θ∈[0,1)\」,ゾ‘8π十1timesωeakly R−”−differentiable at a十θん;    (・)‘九・悟一⑳・xω∈T。(F)…ゐ伽り掌)(・+θ九)〈ん〉・∈E・(ω) プ「or aUθ∈【0,1】andα〃pニ0,...,7▲. ijB is。⑳・x・ub・et・OfF・・dσ雷+1)(・+θ九)〈九〉・+・∈.万(P一ω)∩E・(ω) ∫brαμθ∈[0,1)\」,‡ゐen        1  _        λ一(n+1).R,z(λん)∈        B(P一ω)        (n十1)! for everyλ∈(0,1], where.R),, isαs in T九eorem 2.    COROLLARY. Let f:D(⊂E)→Fbe n times weakly R−v−differentiable at et)ery 1)oint or 1),ωんere 1ワ, F,”,1)α7℃αs‘n Theorem 3 and F‘sα」80 convex and satisfies(A.1°). Letα∈D,αηd let九∈Ebeα8 in T九eorem 3,and assume¢九α‘(a)and(b)9∫Theorem 3力old・    (1)互富+1)(・+θ九)〈ん〉・+・=O・for・ll・e∈【0,1)\J, t九・・       ∫(・+θん)=嘉ぴ)(・)〈θ九〉・

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M.HIKIDA

231

for everyθ∈[0,1].    (2)  1アL:E★(vn+1) (⊂ En+1) → F is α multilinear map, Bl is α convex subset O∫∬andヴプ「or 80meω1∈フモ)(F), fSn+1)(・+θ九)〈ん>n+L L〈九>n+1∈耳(P一ω、)∩E★(ω、) ノ「or allθ∈[0,1)\」, then there is w2∈戊モ}(F)sueh thatω1一くω2 and λ一(n+1) mRn(λん)一 1 (n+1)! L〈λh>n+1

n・(。÷1)!恥・)

プ’or everyλ∈(0,1], where Rn isα8 in Theorem 2.    REMARK 4. In Theorems 2,3a皿d ’ Corollary, the same remark as in Remark 3(1)applies to the assumptio皿s(#)w a皿d(A.4*). In Theorem 3 and Corolary, if in addition E(v)=−E(v), then continuity of the map in (a)is reqUired only fbr Pニn.    Acknowledgment. The author wishes to tha皿k the referee f()r his helpf皿l comments.

REFERENCES

[1]M.Hikida,0ηTaylo〆5∫b㎜砲, Math. Japonica,36(1991),335−341. [2]M.Hikida,0π瓦‘g力er order den’vatives in 4赤励‘‘α∼calcu∼us by the metho∂   o∫ ranked spaces, SUT J. Math.,27(1991),1−15. [3]M.Hikida,50meαρp∼‘侃tions of tんe mean value tんeorem in differential calculus   by tゐe metムod()f ranked spaces, SUT J. Math.,27(1991),151−167. [4]M.Hikida, A c耐e励π∫br Jocα1ぴtrema by泥metゐod《)f ranked spaces, SUT   J.Math.,28(1992),1−21. [5】.K. Kunugi,5%r∫αm〆オんode Je8 e5ραces mηg6s,1, II, Proc. J apan Acad.,42   (1966),318−322,549−554. [6】K。Kunugi,“Kai−i Kfikan no H6h6 ni tsuite,,(On the Method of Ranked   Spaces), in J apanese, Noda Mathematical Pamphlet Series,1, Noda,1969. [7】Y.Nagakura, Diffe rentia「catculus in∫輌π四r ranked spαce8, Hiroshima Math.   J.,8(1978),269−299. [8]Y.Nagakura, Differentia∼calculus inα8pαce祖“λゐ‘−convergences, treatment   by tゐe method《ザranked space, TRU Math.,21(1985),105−116.

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232

ANOTE ON TAYLOR,S FORMULA

[9】Y.Nagakura, On」Veωton’s method, TRU Math.,22(1986),93−104. Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Science Okayama University of Science 1−1Ridai−ch6,0kayama 700, J apan

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