異なる敷料量の分娩房で出生した新生子牛の血漿IgGおよ びコルチゾール濃度
誌名
誌名 Animal behaviour and management ISSN
ISSN 18802133
著者 著者
植竹, 勝治 秋山, 清 坂上, 信忠 田中, 智夫 巻/号
巻/号 51巻1号
掲載ページ
掲載ページ p. 1-4 発行年月
発行年月 2015年3月
農林水産省 農林水産技術会議事務局筑波産学連携支援センター
Tsukuba Business-Academia Cooperation Support Center, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council Secretariat
ー： $fr~主±： g,eP'oR~
Plasma lgG and cortisol concentrations of newborn calves delivered in pens with two different amounts of sawdust:
A
case comparisonKatsuii UETAKE1, KiyoshiAKIYAMA2, Nobutada SAKAGAMI2組dToshio TANAKA' 1 School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu Universi
"'Kanagawa Prefectural Livestock IndusむyTechnolo窃rCenter, Ebina, Japan
*Corresponding author. E‑mail address: uetake@azabu‑u.ac.jp
Abstract
Effects of two di能：rentamounts of bedding on plasma lgG and cortisol concen回tionsof dairy calves were compared. Sixteen newborn Holstein calves were allocated to two post圃birthfloor conditions. One pen was bedded with sawdust 6 m m deep (Group S), the other was bedded with sawdust 20 m m deep (Group D). Calves were left with their dam for six hours after bir也，阻dcolostrum was artificially given immediately after dam‑calf separation. Blood was collected from the jugular vein of calves at 48 hours after bir血tomeasure plasma concentrations of lgG and cortisol. Whereas 50% of calves in Group S were diagnosed as having failure of passive佐ans伽（FPT),the proportion ofFPT calves was 25% in Group D. The plasma lgG concentration in Group D (31.7士22.8mg/mL) was si伊ificantly(P < 0.05) higher也組thatin Group S (11.8土8.7mg/mL). Plasma cortisol concentrations did not di品r between groups (Group D: 7.9土7.2ng/mL, Group S: 8.3土10.9ng/mL). Most newborn calves delivered in a pen that was bedded with sawdust 20 m m deep and left with their dams for six hours after b仕也seemto ingest enough IgG企omcolo肱umto achieve passive immune protection and avoid FPT.
Key Words: bedding management, calf welfare, cortisol, lgG; immune passive transfer.
Animal Behaviour and Management, 51 (1): 1・4, 2015 (Received 2 June 2014; Accepted for publication 9 October 2014)
Introduction
Passive仕 組sferof colos仕alimmunoglobulins企om dam to neonate is vitally important because it a能cts newborn calf mortality and morbidity (Uetake 2013). Calves less也anfive weeks of age do not have active immunity， 組dcolostral antibodies are only也esource of immunoglobulins to protect calves from infectious disease
m
也isperiod (Weaver et al. 2000). In spite of the importance, a significant proportion of dairy calves most likely suffer企omぬilure of passive仕 組sfer (FPT) of antibodies企omcolostrum (Godden 2008). In fact, 30‑40% of dairy calves紅eestimated to su宜er 企omFPT even when也eywere left with their dams for 12 to 26 hours following b止血m
a US investigation (Brignole & Sto抗1980).Various factors are thought to be the cause. For instance, it has been demonstrated that high ambient temperatures (Sto従 etal. 1976), dystocia (Murray姐d Leslie 2013), low quality of a dams colos仕um (Weaver et al. 2000; Fukushima et al. 2004), low birth weight, and lack of vigor in calves (Vasseur et al. 2009) c担 cause low blood lgG concen仕ations of calves. In addition to these factors, the success or failure of a calfs colostrum intake might depend on the
condition of the calving pen floor, which determines 由eease of a calfs standing. However，也ispoint has not been focused on yet. A slippery pen floor would also put a pregnant cow under s仕essbefore delivery, and her s国 SSmight be仕 組sferredto her prebom calf 也ough白eplacenta (Uetake et al. 2014). Therefore, our objective was to compare血e effects of two di能rent amounts of bedding on plasma lgG and cortisol concentrations of calves at 48 hours of birth.
Materials and Methods
Sixteen newborn Holstein calves were used
m
也is study. One week before the estimated date of calving, 出emo也ercows were moved to calving pens (2.9 m x 3.4 m) installed with a feed trough (0.75 m x 0.50 m x depth 0.48 m）佃dwater cup （φ0.30 m x depth 0.07 m). At that time, they were allocated to either two floor conditions. In one group, 450 g (one scoop) of sawdust was spread daily over the floor as bedding material. This is the conventional floor management of the calving pen in the Kanagawa Prefectural Livestock Indus句rTechnology Center. The depth of sawdust in 也isgroup (Group S, n = 8) pen was 6 mm. In the otherEFFECTS OF BEDDING QUANTITY ON CALVES
group (Group D, n = 8), calves and their darns were bedded with sawdust 20 m m deep (1,350 g). This amount was set because it appears to be enough to absorb water企om也cmanure of one cow and s巴cm・ea 命yplace in the calving pen. Pregnant cows were daily supplied with total mixed ration (5 kg), bean cake (0.4 kg), and Italian ryegrass silage ad libitum. Dams of Groups S姐 dD consisted of 8 multiparous cows, and 2 prirniparous and 6 multiparous cows, respectively.
Delivery of cows was monitored， 組d its occurrence was signaled by using a commercial monitoring system (G戸monkei: PCT Application Number PCT/JP2007/059225; REMOTE, Beppu, Japan). Newborn calves were left in calving pens with their dams for six hours after b立せI，組d出enremoved. Colostrum of dams was sampled after s巴parationand
紅tificiallygiven to出ecalves by a teat f巴eder.
Blood was collected企om也ejugular vein of newborn calves at 48 h after bir也 Bloodsamples were placed in a cold box and then centrifuged at 0° to 5
。 c
a丘ercollection. The plasma was企ozenat・25°Cuntil analysis for lgG and c01tisol. To determine the plasma concen凶 tions of lgG and cortisol m勾 岨e immunoassay kits (Ell‑118; Funakoshi Corporation, Tokyo, Japan and ADV900・071;Cosmo Bio Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan, respectively) were used. Calves with plasma IgG concentration く l0 rng/mL were considered as FPT (Godden 2008).
All 鉱山nal‑relat巴dprocedures used
m
也isstudy were performed with the approval of也巴 Institutional Animal Experiment Committee of Kanagawa60 p < 0.05
50
E国E 回開I.. 20
10
。
Prefectural Livestock Industry Technology Center. For statistical analyses, a commercial so丘ware
"Statcel3" (OMS Publishing Inc., Tokyo, Japan) was used. Plasma IgG and c01tisol concen仕ations were compared b巴tweengroups using Students or Welchs t test. Fr巴quencyanalysis of白eFPT was performed with Fishers exact test. For significance, a P‑value of
<0.05 was selected.
Results and Discussion
Newborn calv巴sof Group D, which were bedded with sawdust 20 m m de巴p,showed a significantly (t =
・2.307,df = 9.005, pく 005) higher plasma IgG concentration (31. 7士 22.8mg泊L）也佃 calves of Group S (11.8土8.7mg/mL) with sawdust 6 m m deep (Fi♂rre 1). Whereas 50% (4/8) of calves in Group S wer巴diagnosedas having FPT, the proportion of FPT calves was 25% (2/8) in Group D. However，也iswas not statistically si伊ificant(x2 = 1.067, df = 1, P =
0.606). On the other hand, plasma c01tisol concentrations did not di百巴rbetween groups (Group D: 7.9土7.2ng/mL, Group S: 8.3土 10.9;t = 0.083, df = 14, P = 0.935) (Figrrre 1).
Unfortunately, we could not compare suckling behavior of calves in two groups, but the difference in plasma lgG concentration at 48 h after b
ロ
this thought to reflect也edifference between success and failure of suckling behavior in Groups S and D because血ey we印 刷ficiallyfed equal amount of colostrum just•Group S
•Group D
lgG (mg/ml) Coはisol(ng/m L)
Figure 1. Plasma lgG and cortisol concentrations (Mean ± SD) in each group. Calves of Groups S and D were bedded with sawdust 6 m m and 20 m m deep, respectively. Blood was collected at 48 hours after birth.
UETAKE, AKIYAMA, SAKAGAMI AND T必~AKA
after separation. It is reported也at FPT not only increases the risk of calf mortality姐d morbidity (Uetake 2013) but also c姐 reduceaverage daily weight gain during the first month of life (Virtala et al. 1996). If a slight increase
m
也equanti勿ofbedding material is effective in the prevention ofFPT, there is no reason not to adopt it. The results of也is experiment encourage daily farmers to provide enough bedding material to absorb water企om也em姐.ureof the cow組 dsecure a dry place in the calving pen.
As for也ee能ctof bedding quali匂ron白egrow也 performance and health of calves, there is a report也at weight g組 組dstarter intake of calves in nursery pens with s位awbedding were greater and scouring was less 也 組 曲atof calves bedded with sand
m
也en町 sery pens and hutches (Hill et al. 2011). However，也.ereis also a report也atbacteria countsm
也ebedding were highest in long wheat 柑aw after 42也1ys of use compared to other bedding materials including sand, rice hulls and wood shavings (Panivivat et al. 2004). Staley and Bush (1985) suggest a possibility for intestinal microbial interaction with immunoglobulins 也at intestinal bacteria decrease absorption of immunoglobulins in neonatal animals. In a choice test, it is reported that calves show a clear preference for drier sawdust bedding and aversion to lying on concrete surfaces ( C阻日lotiet al. 2012).In conclusion, newborn calves delivered in a pen 白紙 wascovered with sawdust 20 m m deep and le食 with their dams for six hours after b廿也 seemedto ingest enough lgG企omcolostrum to achieve passive immune protection to avoid FPT.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a Grant‑in‑Aid for Scientific Research (C) (23580378）企omthe Japan Society for也ePromotion of Science.
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E町ECTSOF BEDDING QUANTITY ON CALVES
異なる敷料量の分娩房で出生した新生子牛の血柴
lgGおよびコルチゾール濃度
植竹勝治I＊・秋山清2・坂上信忠2・田中智夫1
1麻布大学獣医学部，相模原市 252・5201
2神奈川県畜産技術センター，海老名市 243・0417
*
Corresponding author. E‑mail address: uetake@azabu‑u.ac.jp要 約
分娩房の敷料量を2種類用意し、新生子牛の血柴IgGおよび、コノレチゾール濃度を比較した。 16頭 の新生子牛を2種類の分娩房の敷料量のいずれかに振り分けた。片方の群の分娩房には、敷料として おが屑を厚さ 6mmで敷き詰め（S群）、もう一方の群では敷料の厚さを20mmとした（D群）。いず れの群の子牛も出生後 6時間は母牛と同居させ、母子分離直後に初乳を人工的に摂取させた。出生 48時間後に採血し、血紫IgGおよびコルチゾール濃度を測定した。 S群では受動免疫移行不全（FPT)
と判定された子牛の割合が50%で、あったのに対して、 D群では25%であった。 D群の子牛の血襲IgG 濃度（31.7士22.8mg/mL）はS群(11.8土8.7mg油L）に比べて有意に（P< 0.05）高かった。一方で、血衆
コルチゾール濃度に群間差は認められなかったの群：7.9士7.2ng/mL, S群： 8.3土10.9ng/mL）。分娩房 に厚さ20m mで敷料を敷き詰め、出生後6時間母牛と同居させた場合には、新生子牛への受動免疫 移行が良好であることが確認された。
キーワード： IgG，コルチゾール，敷料，受動免疫移行不全，新生子牛のウェルフェア
Animal Behaviour and Management, 51 (1): 1
