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∫ sin cos cos 2 x x x dx 1 sin 2 cos 2

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(1)

次の不定積分を求めよ。

(1)

cos

2

2 x dx

=1 2 (1 cos ) + x dx = 1 2 x + 1 2 sin x C +

(2)

∫ sin cos cos 2 x x x dx 1 sin 2 cos 2

2 x x dx

= ∫ =1 2 1 2 sin 4 x dx = − 16 1 cos 4 x C +

(3)

2 2

1 1 x x

x dx + +

∫ + =x

2

x + +

2

1 + 1 x dx = 1 + x

2

x + 1 dx =1 dx + 1 2 x

2

2 + x 1 dx

1

2

log | 1|

x 2 x C

= + + + 1 log (

2

1 )

x 2 x C

= + + +

(4) 2

3 2

( 1)

x dx

x x +

∫ +

2 2

3 2

( 1) 1 ( 1)

x a b c

x x x x x

+ = + +

+ + +

を満たす

a b c , ,

を求める。

1 ( 1)

2

a b c

x + x + x

+ +

2

2

( 1) ( 1)

( 1)

a x bx x cx

x x

+ + + +

= +

2

2

( ) (2 )

( 1)

a b x a b c x a x x

+ + + + +

= +

…①

であるから,

2

3 2

( 1) x x x

+

+

と①が一致するとき,係数を比較して

0

a b + =

かつ

2 a b c + + = 3

かつ

a = 2

より

a = 2, b = − 2, c = 1

したがって,

2 2

3 2 2 2 1

( 1) 1 ( 1)

x

x x x x x

+ = − +

+ + +

である。

よって

2

3 2

( 1)

x dx

x x +

∫ + = 2 x x 2 + 1 + ( x + 1 1)

2

dx

2 log | | 2 log | 1| 1

x x 1 C

= − + − x +

+

2 log 1

1 1

x C

x x

= − +

+ +

154.不定積分⑤

(1)

1 1

2 x + 2 sin x C +

(2)

1 cos 4

16 x

− + C

(3)

1 log (

2

1 )

x + 2 x + + C

(4)

1

2 log

1 1

x C

xx +

+ +

C

はいずれも積分定数)

(2)

(4)において

2 2

3 2

( 1) 1 ( 1)

x a b c

x x x x x

+ = + +

+ + +

と分解する理由はなぜでしょうか。

積分できるパーツに分解しようとすると,結果的にこのような形になるわけですが,

2 2

3 2

( 1) ( 1)

x a bx c

x x x x

+ = + +

+ +

のように分けてみようと考える人もいるかもしれません。

この場合,

( 1)

2

bx c x

+

+

については 2 2 2

( 1)

( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1)

bx c b x b c b b c

x x x x

+ = + − + = + − +

+ + + +

と分子が定数になるようにさらに変形できますので,積分できるパーツへの変形を 目指すのであれば最初から解答のように分解することになるわけです。

参照

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