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journal orpublication titleSenri Ethnological Reportsvolume99 page rangei-ii year2011-03-22URLhttp://hdl.handle.net/10502/00008522 Preface

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Preface

journal or

publication title

Senri Ethnological Reports

volume 99 

page range i‑ii 

year 2011‑03‑22

URL http://hdl.handle.net/10502/00008522

(2)

Preface

Yasuhiko Nagano

This report contains part of the results of the Monbukagakusho/JSPS overseas research grants, "Bon Cultrue in Tibet" (1996·1998 fiscal years; No. 08041040),

"Reconstruction of the Zhangzhung Language and Fonnation of Written Tibetan- (1999·2001 fiscal yean;; No. 11691050), and -Linguistic Substratum in Tibet" (2004.

2008 fiscal yean;; S·No.16102001).

Zhangzhung is a Tibeto-Burman undeciphered language, spoken by the Bon followers in West Tibet. It was originally that of the dMu tribe that was based north of Ml.

Kailash in the Zhangzhung sMad district of Western Tibet. The dMu and other tribes in ZhangzhWlg strengthened the bond with the YarlWlg Dynasty, which had arisen in Central Tibet, through cross-<:ousin marriages. They then began moving eastward around the 4th to 5th centwy until they settled in the northwestern area of current Sichuan Province. Later, when the Yarlung dynasty came to power, it abandoned the Bon religion, which was the religion of the dMu, and accepted Buddhism as the new ideology of state wtification . As a result, the political powers of Central Tibet removed those bureaucrats of ZhangzhWlg origin who had been cooperating with them. Moreover, as the central administration strongly promoted Tibetani7.ation, the Zhangzhung language seems to have become obsolete arolllld the 10 th cenlwy, when Tibetan control over Dunhuang ended.

Deciphennent of of Zhangzhung manuscripts itself is a challenge for linguistis, but, at the same time, Zhangzbung is important in that it seems to represent a kind of linguistic substratum in that area and it must have influenced the formation of Written Tibetan.

Research into the literature excavated from Dunhuang has made progress since the beginning of the 20 th cenlUl)'. The research shows that the Dunhuang literature belonging to the British Library includes some texts written in Tibetan characters, but not in the Tibetan language. F. W. Thomas assumed that they were in the Zhangzhung or the Nam language. Considering the lexical items that can be picked up in fragments, he hypothesized that: (I) the two pieces (plus one piece added later) of the literature known at that time to be Zhangzhung are those related to medical herbs; and (2) the fonns other than loanwords from eimer Wrinen Tibetan or Sanskrit have a genetic relationship with me pronominalized languages of Western Tibet. The Bibliotheque nationale de France, Paris, has another three pieces of literature which are considered similar to the above, making a total of five pieces at present. We position this Zhangzhung language as "Old Zhangzhung (OZ)" to distinguish it from the Zhangzhung language reconstructed in and after me 14th century.

F. W. Thomas, the pioneer of the OZ studies, left several papers on OZ, and claims,

ftThe language is clearly Tibeto-Burman, and there arc many indications of close relation

(3)

to the Lepcha, even if it is not an old form of that Ianguage

M

(1926 Two languages from Central Asia . JRA S 3:506), but did not show any rea) evidence for this inference. The whole picture of Thomas' hypothesis remains obscure because he passed away before completing his study. However, Professor Tsuguhito Takeuchi who has been involved in our project discovered the research notes by Thomas containing research results on the Zhangzhung language in the British Library. In cooperation with the British Library, we started to edit and publish these materials in hopes thai they will add to our understanding of Thomas' study. After several rounds of editing, we reached this shape.

I hope that this pUblication widens scopes of Tibeto-Burrnan linguistics and wiD be an impetus for the Zhangzhung studies. My deep appreciation goes to the British Library for its understanding of the sigificance of Thomas' works. Lastly, I wouJd like to express my warm thanks to Mrs. Satoko Suzuki for her practical help.

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