TRU Mathematics 23−1(1987)
COMPACT TOTALLY REAL SUBMANIFOLDS
WITH PARALLEL MEAN CURVATURE VECTOR FIELD
IN A SASAKIAN SPACE FORM U−Hang KI, Masumi KAMEDA and Seiichi YAMAGUCHI 〔Received Mardh 9,1987) §0. Introduction A.submanifold M of a Sasakian manifold N with structure tensors(φ,ξ, G) is said to be total ly real if each tangent space of M is mapPed into the normal space by the structure tensor φ. The theory of such a submanifold was studied fr㎝two different points of vi6w, nalnely, dhe is・the case wtiere total ly real submanifolds. are tangent to the structure vector field, and the other is the case where those are nonnal to the structure vector field. The ∴ concept was first introduced by K. Yano and M.1〈bn([13],[16]), who studied their fundamental propert ies.. Many subjects for totally real submanifolds in a Sasakian manifold were
. investigated fr㎝various points of view. For example, K. Yano and M. Kon . ([14], [15], [17]) obtained intetesting results of total ly real submanifolds .tangent to the structure vector field in a Sasakian space fom, which have the parallel mean curvature vector field and the flat nQrmal comection. The purpose of the ptesent paper is, without th〔》condition Concerning the flat normal connect ion, to investigate total ly real Submanifolds tangent to ’the structure vector field in a Sasakian space form su(lh that their mean ..@ curvature vgctpr.fields are pa.rallel. In this paper, all manifolds are . assumed to be smooth and corinected. . . This research of the first author was partially supPorted by JSPS and KOSEF. §1.Totally rea1 submanifolds tangent to structure vector field Let N be a Sasakian manifold of dimension 2m+1 with structure tensors (φ, ξ,G), and be covered by a system of local coordinate neighborhoOds (U, yA) 12 U−H.KI, M. KAM巳DA AND S. YAMAIGUCHI and denote c㎝ponents of the metric tensor G,.of the.(1,1)−tensorφand of the ・t・u・ture v・・t・r f…dξby GBA,φ,A ・nd.gA respect・…y.輪w・hav・ (1.1) φ,AφBC=一一 ・BA・igξへ ηB㌔B・0, .¢BAξB・0, nAξ“ … GBAξB ・ ・A・GDCφBD¢AC ・ GBA−TI,・A・ Here and throughout this paper, the following’convent ion on the range of indices are used, unless otherwise stated: ・ A,B, C.,.... =1, _.,n+1, n+2, ...,2m+1., ・ h,i, j, ...=1, ...,ni1, . ’ w, x,y⑨ .ほ. ニ n+2, ..., 2m+1. ・ The sumat ion convention wil1 be used with respect to phose system of indices. Since N i・S・・akian・d・n・ti・9 by VA・h・・pera・9・’・f・・va・ian・deri・・ti…i・b respect to GBA・we get
(…)▽Cφ,A=−GCBξA・・C%、・▽C・B・φCB,
where ¢CB・GBDφ,D・ 、
Let M be・an (n+1)−dimensiOnal Riemannian manifold covered by a system of 1・cal…rdinat。 n。ighb。.h。。d、{U;。h}㎝d i㎜ersed i,㎝。t。ically i。 N by,h。 i㎜ersion i:MナN. When the argt皿ent is loca1, we identifY M with i(M〕. We竃}・議;6111構織:藍1議ll総
M−[[1’en the ind”Ced Riemannian met「i・g」i・n M i・gi・・n by ・j、・GBA・jBB、へ because the i㎜e「si°n is is㎝et「ic・The「ef・re・by d・n・ti・g▽vth・・perat・r・f
van de「Wae「den−B°「t°1°tti c°va’iant diffe「enti・ti・n with re・pect t・9ji and GBA・the equation’of Gauss and Weingarten for the submanifold M are respectively obtained: ・ . . (1.3) ・j・、A・hj、XciA’ ・j・。A=−hj’ BB、へTOTALLY REAL SUBMANIFOLDS
血ere hj、x are.⑭・n・nts』。f・he sec・nd f・・輌…f・m・i・・h・d・rect・・n・f Cx, and related by. ” . ・jh。・’・j、。g’h・・j、y9’hgy.x・ 』 where 9y。・GBACyBC。A・・th…t…ten・・r・f・h・…・・b・n・・e and(・j’)・ (・」、)−1・ . .・ . An(n+1)−dimensiona1’submanifold M i㎜ersed isometrically in a Sasakian Inanifold N of dimension 2m+1 is said to be totally real in N if ., . ・. φTp(M)⊆Np(M) ’ .. . ・ ・f°「each p°int p in・M・’マhe「e Tp(M)』and Np(M)d・ndte re・pec・i・・1y・h・’・ang・n・ space and the normal space at p in M. From.now on・we have only to consider total ly real’submanifolds tangent ・・the st・ucture vect・r f…d・Th・n・・㎝・f・亘・・f BjA飢d C。A by・are ・ ’ respectively represented in・each cogrdinate neighborhood as follows: (ゴ・)φ、A・iB・J、xC。A・・BAC.B・−J。’B、A・f。y・yA・・ where we have put『 Jj。・G(φBj1・C。〕・J。ゴーG(φC。・・」)・
.・f。y=G(φC。・cy〕・ Note thatwhere
(1.5〕 ・jX・Jj,gyx・ (・、y)−1・gzy・… ξA = ξiB.A, 1 f.y・f。、gzy・ structure vector field ξ is represented by where ・i ・G(Bゴξ)・ξ1 are c・nt・av・・ian・ definitions, it is clear that c㎝P°nent・・f ni・F・・m these J. =J lsjX
Xj fxy +f
yx =0. 34 U−H.KI, M. KAMEDA AND S. YAMA」GU⊂正{1 By the properties of the (1.4) and (1.5) that Sasakian structure(φ,ξ, G), it follows fr㎝ (1.6) J.・Ji.δ.i ] 、」 x i −njξ・
J.Xfy=0,
] xfZfy=・一δy+JIJ.y,
X l X Z X niξi=1・ ξiJ、X… These show that f3 + f = 0. If f is of constant rank,・then it defines the so− called f∼structure in the normal bundle [12]. If・・apPly・h・・pera・・r▽」・f th・.c・va「iant diffe「entiati°n t°(1・4)and (1.5) and use (1.1) 一 (1.3), then we find (1.7) 〔1.8) 〔1.9) (1.10) hj、。Jhx 一 ・j、。J、x・一 ・j・・h・9」・… ・j・、X・hj、yfyX・ X ▽.f]y
.h..・J i−h.. Jlx, Jly ]1 y ▽jξi=0・(・…)・j、Xξ’・JjX・ ・;一』..
・titt・・g hx・9」1hj、x ・n…k・・g acc・un・・f(…)・.・・g・t .・
(…2)・j、xJ。’・hxJ」。・n ・j・ ・
seque1, we assume that the la皿b ient Sasakian manifold・N is pf φ一hol㎝orphic sectional curvature c, which is called a Sasakian space i,d。n。・。d by N2m+1(・).刊・n・h・ curvq・u・e t・n・・r K・f N2m+1(・)i・ 『 In theconstant
for皿and
given byKDCBA・c
桙R(・DAGCB 一・GDBGCA)・c元1(・C・AGDB一 了1C了1BGDA ’+ nDnBGCA − nDnAGCB + φDAΦCB 一 φDBφCA− 2φDCφBA)・
Thus, by virtue of (1.3) 一 (1.6),
are respectively obtained:
equations of Gauss,.Codazz工 and Ricci for M
5 TOTALLY REA工. SUBMANIFOLDS ・nj・hgki 一 nkTlh・j、)・hkhxhj、x−・j、xh、、。・ (…4).▽khj、x−・jhk、x…
(…5)・j、y。・c
ウ1〔・j。J、ジJ、。Jj,)・hj、。h、ky−・、k。hjky・ whe「e Rkj ih and Rjiy。 a「e the Riemannian cu「vatu「e tens°「°f M and the curvature tensor of the normal connection of M, respectively. §2.Parallel mean curvature vector field Let M be an(n+1)−dimensional totally real submanifold tangent to the ,t,。cture vect。r fi。1dξin a S。、akian、pace f。r,n N2M+1(。). A。。m。l vect。. field V= (Vx) is called a parallel section in the normal bundle if it satisfies▽.Vx=O, and furthermore a tensoヒfield S on M is said to l)e j pa「allel if▽鰍r v飢ishes identically・ ’
Let H be a mean curvature vector field of M, namely, it is defined by ・・ ?C、9j’hj、xC。・hl、 hxC。・ In the sequel, we assume that the mean curvature vector field of M is non−trivial and parallel in the normal bundle. Then we can choose local fi・ld・{C。}in・u・h・w・y th・t H・σC。.2・・hereσi・th・n・n−・er・c・n・tant length of H. Fr㎝now on, we denote the index n+2 by the symbo1*.[[hen the・parallelism of H yields ’
(2.1)h“.(。.1)・,hx・0(。≧。.3). ApPlyi・g▽コ・g」’▽i・・(1・11)and・・ki・g・se・f(・・8)・(…0)and(・・14)… find hyf x = O and hence y (2.2)f★x=0
because of (2.1). Therefore the fourth relationship、of (1.6) gives (2.3)J.Ji㌔δ★.
1X X6 U−H.KI, M. KAMEDA AND S. YAMAGUCHI . −Because of (2.1) and (2.3), the equations (1.9) and (1.12) ilnply respect ively 〔…)・j、★J。’・hj、。J’★ E.
(…)・j、xJ。’・h★Jj・+n・j・ ・.
伽・h・・ther・han・’・・…f・m・・g(…)by Jyh ・n…k・・g・・e・f(…)… ・find ・ ’(…)・j、。(・yX・fywfwx)・hj、。J、xJyh・Jjyη、・ ・ ’ 、
,.。。砲、。h,、。k、。g、he s、。。.s卿。t。、。 part。、、h resp;。t t。・。d・ce, j㎝・・,。。 have 』(…)・jh。JyhJ、x−h、h。JyhJjx・J、y・j−・j’
凾氏A… ・・… 秩Ey・・gJ・’・・th・」・・t・qua・’・n and・・’・・(1・6〕・nd〔2・3)…g・t (…)・j、・Jy’・Py。・Jjx・・y㌔j・ where we have set エ ふPy。・・hj、。Jy」J・1・ . ・ ・
which is sy㎜etric with respect to the indices x and y, by means of (2.4).甑en
@y=★’n(2’6)’as a’ d’「ect c°nsequence°f(2’2)and(2’8)’we Dsee(…)・j、㌔Pyx★Jj YJ、x・Jj㌔、・J、㌔j・
Acc・rd・・g・y,・・tt・・9 P★・pxx㌔・・h・v・h★・P㌔ Now we define a qub皿tity Q by (・…)Q、y。・hj、。JyコJz1・ then it is cllear that ・ . (・…〕Q、y。・Q,、x・Q,。・・Py。・・Q、y。f。z….『 .・・丁飢ロ蹴・U・mm・F…S 7
F・㎝・h・f・・t.・h・tJjy・yx・・’・・…dJ」x▽」・。y・・…h・he a・d・f(…)an・ (2.2). Thus, by means of (1.9) and (2.10),we easily verify that. . ..Qyxx’・QXxy・ ’ .
.which. is den°ted by Qプ 』.』・ ’
If we t・an・f・m(2・5)b・ Jy」飢d・・k・acc・un・㎡(…)and(・・3)・・hen・・. obtain ★★’. 『 ”・ ・ ’ 』”
『 (2.12) Q =hδ . ’ y y . ・y・h…y,・h・p・・a・…il・.・f H・h・・S t…Rj、;。・b. Thl、 th。 R・cc・ ・ .、 』 ・equation (1.15).yields . . . . . . ・ ’ . (2.13)・・j、。h、h* −h、h。hjh★・cl1(・j★J、x−J、㌔j。)・ By use。f(・.・・),(・.・〕an・〔・.,),ξhe eq。a、、。h(、.・、3)、叩、i、s ・ (…4)”』P;、★J、Yhj、IJhz−Py、★h、hxJhzJjy. .. ・・lyx〔・、y・j−Jjy・、)・c;3 f」」★J、x−J、*Jjx)・・.
−』 − Multiplying ㌔i t6 (2・14)・we get 、 ∫ 吊’: (…5〕Py、★hj、xJ’z・Q,、xp。zご・jw・P㌻x・j・cl3(・j*Jy’J、x−・jx・y★)・ 品ere。。 h_u、ed(、.、。)。。、〔、.、、).,。nce、t f。、、。、,s,。㎝(、.、4〕。。、(、.i,) that (Q,,xp.z“ 一 Q。,xpyz★)・jw・、y・ci3(・、★Jjx−Jj*J、x)・ which together with (1.6), (2.3) and 〔2.11) yields that (…6).Q,、xpwz㌔Qw、xpyz★・c麦3(・y★Lj・」x一δw★Jyj・jx)・ . When w ニ x in (2.16),we get (…7)Q,、xpzx* ・ ・’Py:+(c+3)ln←1)・y★ ・’8 U−H.KI, M. KAMEDA AND S. YAMAGUCHI with the aid of (1.6), (2.3) and (Z.12). Th}1s it follows from (2.11) that (・.・8)1・。x。12・h★P_★+(c+3)2’−1)・’
⑰ere・・hav・p・・1・、x。12・P、x。pzx★・A1…wh・n y・…(…6)・・t・・
evident that (…9)・.、xp。z*一 Q。、xpz★*・c G3(・。j・jズδw★δx★〕 beca。,e。f(2.3). T。胆、vecti。9・ P’cw“ t。(21・9)and・aki・g・・e gf(2.1・)and (2.17),we obtain ’(・.・・)・、x.P。z“pxw㌔h*1・、_12・ci3 h★+てc+3)£’−2)P_★・ ・ .
・here l・、 12・P、 pz★★・. On the other. hand, using.(1.1.1) and (2.6)’一 〔2.9), we have ・j、yhj’㌔一h」、。hj’★fyw・wx+P。x★Q,’“x・2δy★・ Taking account of the last equat ion and (2.17),we get .. .(・・2・)・j、yhj’㌧h」、。hj’★fyw・。x・h★Py・・.+[(c+3〕2’−1〕.+2]C・. ’ Thus, it follows that(・・22)1・j、・12・h㌔・・de+〔c+3)9’Ll“’)・… ,・
Were・・hav・p・・1・j、・12・hj、・h」’・・”
§3. Compact totally real subπlanifolds . . First of all, we prove the following important fomula. Proposition 3・1・ Z}et〃わθ αη (n+1)−dimensionqZ totaZZy アqa! submantfoZ〈f tangent to the structure veetor fie Zd tnα (2m≠1)−dimenstonαZ Sasakiαn sρα.θ f・?m tu2m≠ヱ(・…ア』・α・・−til・・ v・・t・r fi・・d t…n−t…iaそ・吻・・・・… in the norma Z bundZe⊃ thθn W2 んave1 TOTALLY REAL SUBMANIFOI.DS (…)1・1・」、・12・1・khj、・12−1・j、Yhj’・fyx12・
tuhereωθhaveρut
l▽khj、・121・(・khj、・)(vk・」’・)一・j、Yhj’・fyxl2・〔・j、Yhj’・fyx)(・、kzhlk・f、x)・ Proof. In genera1, we have . 1・1・j、・12 ・ [▽khj、・12・hj’★△hj、・・. We will calculate the second ter皿of the above equat ion. Making use of (1.13)、and(2.1),we see that the Ricci tensor of M can be express as follows:〔…)・Rj、・n(c+3
P’(c−1)’9」i−(c−11(n−1)・j・、・h’・j、・一・j、xh、kx・’ By。i。t。。。f(1.11)..。nd(2,13), the equati。n(3.2〕implies〔…)・j、h、k“・n(c+3
P−(c−1)・」、ゼ(c’11(n−1)・jピ・ −giil1 ・j、x〔」*kJ、x−・、㌔。k)・h★hj、・h、k“−hj、xh、h。h㎞★・ Hence it fol1(5ws fron{(1.11), (2.9) and (3.3) that (…〕・jkh、k“hj.’★・n(c+3堰│(cr1〕1・j、i12・c元1[h*P・∴IPy、・12] .・ ,・h“hj、・h、k“hj’*.−bj、xh、h。hkh★hj’*・ By the way, we have, from (2.9), ・(…)・j、・h、k★hj’㌔h”
P・、・・12・ci3 h★+[(c+3)S’−2)・・]…★ because of (1.6), (1.11), (2.3), (2.11) and .(2.20). On the other hand, we find, from (1.11) and (1.13), R、j、hhkh㌔」’★・ci3[(h★)2−1・j、・12]・c》1 』 』+h、hxhkh*h」、。hj’*−hj、xh、h。h㎞㌔」’*・ which together with (2.21) yields that 910 U−H.KI, M. KAMEDA AND S. YAMAGUCHI
(…)R、j、hhkh㌔j’★
@・
・c麦3[(h★)2−1・j、・12]・c》1・1・j、xhj’★f。yl2・(h★)21・、・・12 ・[(c+3)S’−1〕・・]h★P・・★+[(c+3)2’−1)・2]2−hj、㌔、h。h㎞㌔」’★・ Now, since the mean curvature vector field is paral lel in the normal b皿dle・the Laplacian△hji・°f hji・satisfies the f°11°Wing:(…)・j’★
?E」、・・hj’★(・jkh、k㌔・、j、hh㎞★)・ 『
砲e「ew・h・v・used th・Riρ・i f°剛!a f°「hji・・ If we、 subsしitute (3.4) and 〔3.6) into (3.7〕 and take account of (2・22) and (3・5)・・tben we obtain(…)・j’★
「h
梶A・・−1・j、yhj’“fyxl2・ ・
which proves (3.1). Propos ition 3.2. Let〃be αη rη+ヱノーdim●nSiona Z totα乙Zy rea Z suわmanifo Zd 彦angent カo カ1昭struoture veetorアie Zd inα r2η∼≠幻一dimenstona乙Sαsαktαn sραoθ τ励N2m≠ヱr。ノ.・f th。 me。。。励。』・θcカ。・fi。硫。・。。−tntvi・Z・・d p…ZZ・Z 仇the nOTmαz bundZe.αη∂tf the f−struotur●in the normaZ bundZe is paraZZeZ. then we ハ2αve (…);・1・」、・12 ・ 1▽khj、・12・ Proof. If the f−structure f in the normal bundle is paralle1, then, fr㎝ (1.9),we have コ ロ (・…)・j、xJy1・hj、yJ’x・ ロ . M・…p・…ghコ1xJyl t・(…)and・・k・・g・se、・f(・・6〕・(・…)and(3…)…have
l・j、。・yXi2 … where・w・h・v・P・・1・j、。fyxl2・hj、。fyxhj’ Afyz・・h・・h・・9・ther…h(…) implies (3.9). This completes the proof・ . ..a 層 ・ ・ TOTAI.LY REAI. SUBMANIFOLDS .・ 9 1n pa・ticula・・if M liミ.an(n・1)−dimen・i・nal t・t・11y real・ubmanif・1d in a (2n+1)−dimensional Sasakian manifold, then t}1e f−structure f in the normal bundle vanishes identically.・Thus, from (3.1〕,we obtain Corollary 3.3. LeかMbe αη (n≠ヱノーdi〃enstonaZ totaZZy ㌘●αZ submani∫bZ(i tαngentカ・the strueture ve已t・r fieZd inαr2η≠カーdim・nsi・nαZ Sasaktan spα・θ f・・m ・2n≠1 r・ノ・Jf・・h・ ・ε……加・・…t・T.f…d.・・・…−t・…a・・吻・・α・… 乞n・the normaZ bundZe; ガ昭n Z∂● have ”
”(・…)1・1・j、↓12’・1▽,hjlil2・.
We prove the following..theoτem... 『 . ’. ・ th・・rem 3.4.鋤肪・α・rn≠η一dim・n・i・nαZ・・mp・・t t・t。物。。。Z 8。b.m・鋤Z∂鞠繊・・th・・t・uetu・‥・t・・ft・Zd i・ a伽カー伽…5・naZ
…輌・・P…『力働2切≠1ω...万吻一一α鋤・・θ碗訂・。Z□。。。.
加加後zand parα乙ZeZ仇theη・rmaZ bundZe. andザ古he王一s古w・tur・仇』 4°㌘吋励・dZ・i・ρ・瞬Z・Z・.』・吻』P・・ρ・アat…仇』飽θC古鋤・f th・ mean’eurvα.tu?e veoto?fZeZd of〃is pa㌘αZZeZ. proof. since M is c㎝Pact’and the f−strUcture in・the normal bundle is parallel, from (3.9),we have ’・・J。1▽khj、・12d… ’,l
whe「e dv is the v°1”me element°f M・[「h…e・bt・i・▽khji・・°・n M・Thi・ completes the proof. Corollary 3.5. Let〃わθ an rη≠ヱノ∼∂imensionaZ oompαet totaZZy reaZ submαntfoZd tαngent t・the struetu”e veetorアieZd inαr2n+1)−dimenstonaZ 5…k・an・P・・θ恒励2肝ヱr・ノ. if th。__鋤。。。θ。t。”fi。Zd・i。 n。。. triviαZαndρarαZl・Z in theη・rmaZ力undZe. then the shaρe・perat・P tn鋤 d乞rection Oアthe mean已urvatUTe veetOPア乞eZd OアM乞S pa?aZZeZ. In pa「ticula「’th・・h・p・・perat・r i・th・directi・n・f C。.2 i・den・t・d by ’A★. Under the hypothesis of TheOrem 3.4, for any constaht λ over M, we def ine ・Ei…th fm・ti・n d・t〔A.一λ1)・n・M, whereエi・th・id・n七ユty.tτan・f・m・ti・n・f the tangent space・S’nge’・h・j・・’ls pa「a’1e1・ we have▽kdet(A・一’λ1)=°・an’・11
12 U−H.KI, M. KAMEDA AND S. YAMAGUCHI fact Ineans the smooth function det(A★.一λ1)is constant over M. From the uniqueness of roots, we find that each eigenvalue function of A★ is conStant over M. N・w・1・t U1・…・V。 b・㎜tually di・ti・・t・ig・nvalues・f A・ ・nd l・t n1・