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2009年パダン地震が誘発した降下軽石堆積物の崩壊メカニズムThe mechanism of the pumice fall deposit landslide induced by 2009 Padang earthquake

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2009年パダン地震が誘発した降下軽石堆積物の崩壊メカニズム

The mechanism of the pumice fall deposit landslide induced by 2009 Padang

earthquake

○中野真帆・千木良雅弘

○Maho NAKANO, Masahiro CHIGIRA

The 2009 Padang earthquake triggered nearly 1000 landslides which killed at least 600 people, a half of the death toll of the Padang earthquake. We made field investigation and laboratory analyses in order to clarify the mechanism of these landslides.

We investigated Tandikat area where the most destructive landslides with long run out had occurred. Tandikat area is widely covered by pumice fall deposits, which hereafter referred to as the Qhpt, underlain by paleosol. We found that landslide sites have common characteristic features: 1) Landslides occurred in area with Qhpt thicker than 4 m, 2) Sliding surfaces were made in a layer of mixed pumice and paleosol at the base of Qhpt.

From XRD analysis, we find that the pumice-paleosol mixed layer is rich in halloysite, while the underlying paleosol is rich in gibbsite and almost free from halloysite (fig.1). Cone penetration tests in the field showed that the pumice-paleosol mixed layer has the smallest resistance.

These evidences suggest that the halloysite rich pumice-paleosol mixed layer was one of the most important geological factors of the earthquake-induced landslides in this area.

1,はじめに 2009 年のパダン地震は,約 1000 の地すべりを 引き起こした。地すべりによる死者は少なくとも 600 人にのぼったが,それはこの地震による総死 者数の約半分にも達した。我々は,これらの地す べりのメカニズムを解明するために,野外調査と 室内実験を行った。 2,要旨 我々は,最も破壊的で流走距離の長い地すべり が起こったタンディカット地域を中心に調査を 行った。タンディカット地域では,古土壌の上を 降下軽石層(以下Qhpt)が覆っている。野外調 査によって,我々は地すべりの起こった場所にい くつかの共通点を見つけた。それは,1)Qhtp が4m以上厚く堆積した地域で地すべりが発生 した,2)すべり面は,軽石層の最下部にある古 土壌―軽石混合層に形成された,という点である。 X 線鉱物分析によると,古土壌―軽石混合層は ハロイサイトに富んでいるが,古土壌はギブサイ トに富み,ハロイサイトはほとんど含んでいない (図1)。また,野外での簡易貫入試験によると, この混合層が最も低い貫入抵抗値を持っている。 これらの証拠は,ハロイサイトを大量に含む古 土壌―軽石混合層が,この地域での地震による地 すべりにおいて最も重要な素因の一つであるこ とを示している。

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