ᱧผㇺᏒ㒐ἴ⺰ᢥ㓸 Vol. 3㧔2009ᐕ6㧕
ਈ⻢㊁↸ሼടᖝߩવ⛔ᧁㅧቛၞߦ߅ߌࠆ᳃ߩ㒐ἴᗧ⼂⺞ᩏ
Consciousness Survey of Disaster Prevention for Residents at Traditional Wooden Housing Area
in Kaya, Yosano-cho
ጊ⌬⟤
1㋈ᧁਯ
2㗇↰㆐
3ዊỈ㓶᮸
4Mutsumi Ariyama, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Tatsuru Suda and Yuki Ozawa
1┙㙚ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮 ℂᎿቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ ഃㅧℂᎿቇኾ㧔ޥ525-8577 ṑ⾐⋵⨲ᵤᏒ㊁〝᧲1-1-1㧕
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University
2┙㙚ᄢቇ ࠣࡠࡃ࡞ࠗࡁࡌ࡚ࠪࡦ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴ ᢎ 㧔ޥ525-8577 ṑ⾐⋵⨲ᵤᏒ㊁〝᧲1-1-1㧕
Professor, Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University
3┙㙚ᄢቇ ࠣࡠࡃ࡞ࠗࡁࡌ࡚ࠪࡦ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴ ಎᢎ 㧔ޥ525-8577 ṑ⾐⋵⨲ᵤᏒ㊁〝᧲1-1-1㧕
Associate Professor, Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University.
4ࠛࠬࠠࡘࡉࠕ࠰ࠪࠛࠗ࠷㧔੩ㇺᏒਛ੩ਃ᧦ㅢ㜞ୖ᧲ደ↸57੩ㇺਃ᧦ࡆ࡞401B㧕
S3Associates Inc.
There are a lot of old traditional wooden houses in Kaya district, Yosano-cho, Kyoto that was often struck by earthquakes and floods. Disaster measures are important to protect residents' security and conserve streetscape in this district. The objectives of this paper are to investigate resident consciousness of disaster prevention and to make clear problems in instituting disaster prevention plan. The external survey of all houses in a specified zone of the district was carried out. The questionnaire survey for residents was also performed. From the survey, it is found that the consciousness of earthquake-resistant becomes high recently, however, most residents take hardly at all disaster measures.
Key Words : disaster prevention, traditional wooden house, external survey, questionnaire, resident consciousness
㧝㧚ߪߓߦ ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆᢥൻ⽷ᑪㅧ‛߿ᱧผᑪㅧ‛ߩᄙߊߪવ⛔᭴ᴺᧁㅧᑪ▽‛ߢࠅޔ␠ኹᑪ▽‛ߩߺߥࠄߕޔ᳃ ኅߣߒߡᄙߊߩㇺᏒޔ߹ߜޔߦᢙᄙߊᱷߞߡ߅ࠅޔߘࠇࠄߪޔฎߊ߆ࠄ᳇㘑╬ߦㆡᔕߒߚၞߩ․ ⦡ࠆવ⛔⊛ߥ᭴ᴺ߇↢ߺߐࠇޔߦ⥋ߞߡࠆޕޔᄙߊߩၞߢޔၞߩᱧผߣᢥൻߩ⛮ᛚߩⷰ ὐ߆ࠄવ⛔᭴ᴺᧁㅧᑪ▽‛ߩሽୃᓳౣ↢߳ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ߇ߥߐࠇߡࠆޕ߹ߚޔᱧผ⊛ޔᢥൻ⊛ߦଔ୯ ߩ㜞ᑪㅧ‛ߦߟߡߪᒻᢥൻ⽷ߣߒߡޔ߹ߚో࿖ฦߦᱷࠆᱧผ⊛ߥ㓸⪭↸ਗߺߩ߁ߜޔଔ୯ߩ㜞 ߽ߩࠍ㊀ⷐવ⛔⊛ᑪㅧ‛⟲ߣߒߡޔᢥൻ⽷⼔ᴺߩ߽ߣߦሽౣ↢߇ⴕࠊࠇߡࠆޕߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄޔߎߩ ࠃ߁ߥવ⛔᭴ᴺᧁㅧᑪ▽‛߇ኒ㓸ߔࠆၞࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ㒐ἴ⸘↹ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߪዋߥߊޔ㒐ἴኻ╷ߪ߶ߣࠎ ߤⴕࠊࠇߡߥߩ߇⁁ߢࠆޕ ᧁㅧᑪ▽‛ߩਥⷐߥ᭴ᴺߣߒߡ⊒ዷߒߡ߈ߚᧁㅧゲ⚵᭴ᴺߩਛߢ߽ޔᣣᧄฎ᧪߆ࠄߩ᭴ᴺߢࠆવ⛔᭴ᴺ ߪޔធวㇱ߇ᧁ⚵ߺߛߌߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆᧁㅧゲ⚵ࠍၮᧄ᭴ㅧߣߒߡႣࠅო߿Ⴃࠅዊო߇↪ࠄࠇࠆߥߤ ၞߩ⥄ὼ⚛᧚߇↪ߐࠇޔⅣႺ⽶⩄߇ዋߥ․ᓽࠍߔࠆޕᦨㄭޔવ⛔᭴ᴺߦࠃࠆቛߦ⥝ࠍᜬߟੱ߽ᄙ ߊޔ߹ߚ↸ኅߥߤ߇ᬺᣉ⸳ߣߒߡౣ↪ߐࠇࠆ߽ᄙޕ ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄޔવ⛔᭴ᴺߪޔၞ․ߩ᭴ᴺޔᧁ᧚ߩ߫ࠄߟ߈ޔធวㇱߩⶄ㔀ߐߥߤ߆ࠄޔ᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆ߇࿎ 㔍ߢࠆߚޔ⠴㔡ᕈ⢻⹏ଔ߇ਇචಽߥ⁁ᴫߦ⟎߆ࠇߡ߈ߚޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫߩਛޔᐕᐶ⋵ධㇱ㔡ޔ
2007ᐕ⢻⊓ඨፉ㔡ޔ2007ᐕᣂẟ⋵ਛᴒ㔡ߥߤޔㄭᐕ⋧ ᰴߢ⊒↢ߒߚᄢ㔡ߢޔવ⛔᭴ᴺߦࠃࠆᑪ▽‛ߪ↟ᄢߥⵍ ኂࠍฃߌߚޕᓟ߽ᄢ㔡ߩ⊒↢߇੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ⁁ᴫߦ߅ߡޔ ․ߦᢥൻ⊛ޔᱧผ⊛ߦଔ୯ߩ㜞વ⛔᭴ᴺᑪ▽‛ߩ㒐ἴኻ╷ ߪᕆോߢࠆޕ ੩ㇺᐭർㇱߦ⟎ߔࠆਈ⻢ਈ⻢㊁↸ሼടᖝ㧔࿑㧝 ߪવ ⛔᭴ᴺᑪ▽‛߇ᄙߊᱷߞߡ߅ࠅޔߜࠅࠎⴝ㧝 ࠍၞ ߇㊀ⷐવ⛔⊛ᑪㅧ‛⟲ሽߦᜰቯߐࠇߡࠆޕߎߩၞ ߪฎ᧪߆ࠄἴኂ߇ᄙၞߢ߽ࠆޕߘߩߚޔ↸ਗߺࠍ ࠅޔ᳃߇ᔃߒߡࠄߔߦߪޔ㒐ἴኻ╷߇㊀ⷐߢࠅޔ㒐 ἴ⸘↹ߩ╷ቯߦะߌߚᵴേ߇ⴕࠊࠇߟߟࠆ߇ޔ⏕ߥ㒐ἴ ⸘↹߇ᓧࠄࠇߡߥޕ㒐ἴ⸘↹ࠍ╷ቯߔࠆߢߪޔⴕߦ ࠃࠆ㒐ἴኻ╷߿ᛛⴚߩ㐿⊒ߣߣ߽ߦޔ᳃ߩ㒐ἴᗧ⼂߇㊀ⷐ ߥⷐ࿃ߣߥࠆޕߘߎߢᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪޔᣢሽߩᑪ▽⁁ᴫࠍ⏕ߒޔ 㒐ἴߦ㑐ߔࠆ᳃ᗧ⼂ࠍࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߚߦޔࠕࡦࠤ࠻⺞ ᩏߣޔࠕࡦࠤ࠻⺞ᩏߦవ┙ߞߡޔᄖⷰ⋡ⷞ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒߚޕ
ਈ⻢㊁↸
੩ㇺᏒ
⍮ጊᏒ
੩ਤᓟᏒ
⥰㢬Ꮢ
࿑ ਈ⻢㊁↸ߩ⟎ 㧞㧚⺞ᩏኻ⽎ၞߩⷐ ਈ⻢㊁↸ሼടᖝߦ߅ߌࠆ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ၞߪޔߜࠅࠎⴝߩ ᧲ߩၞߣߒߚޕ࿑㧞ߩࡇࡦࠢ⦡ߢ␜ߐࠇߡࠆ߇ߜࠅ ࠎⴝߢࠅޔ㤥✢ߩᨒౝ߇⺞ᩏኻ⽎ၞߢࠆޕ⺞ᩏኻ ⽎ၞߪޔᐔᚑᐕᣣߩบ㘑ภߦࠃࠆ᳓ኂߢᄢ߈ߥ ⵍኂࠍฃߌߡ߅ࠅޔ᳃ߩἴኂ߳ߩ㑐ᔃ߇㜞ၞߣᕁࠊࠇ ࠆޕ㊀ⷐવ⛔⊛᭴ㅧ‛⟲ሽߪޔવ⛔᭴ᴺߦࠃࠆᑪ▽‛ ߩഀวߪ㜞߇᳓ኂߢߪ߹ࠅⵍኂࠍฃߌߡ߅ࠄߕޔ⺞ᩏኻ ⽎ၞߩ᧲ߩၞߪޔ᳓ኂߦࠃࠆⵍኂߪᄢ߈߇ޔવ⛔᭴ ᴺߦࠃࠆᑪ▽‛ߪዋߥޕ߹ߚᓟޔ㊀ⷐવ⛔⊛ᑪㅧ‛⟲ ሽࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚࠕࡦࠤ࠻⺞ᩏޔࡅࠕࡦࠣ⺞ᩏࠍ੍ቯ ߒߡࠆߚޔᧄႎߩ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ၞߩ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߣวࠊߖߡޔ 㒐ἴᗧ⼂ߦ㑐ߔࠆಽᨆࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ ߎߩၞߪᤘᐕߩਤᓟඨፉࠍ㔡Ḯߣߔࠆࡑࠣ࠾࠴ࡘ࠼ ߩർਤᓟ㔡ߢ↟ᄢߥⵍኂࠍฃߌߡࠆ㧞 ࿑㧟 ޕઃㄭߦߪⶄᢙߩᢿጀᏪ߇ࠅޔㇹᢿጀᏪޔጊ↰ᢿ ጀᏪޔ㙃ῳᢿጀᏪߥߤߢ㔡߇⊒↢ߒߚ㓙ߦߪޔ㔡ᐲ߆ࠄ㧣⒟ᐲߩំࠇ߇⊒↢ߔࠆߣ੍ᗐߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔᑪ ▽‛ߩୟუߥߤߩⵍኂ߇ෂᗋߐࠇߡࠆޕ ࿑2 ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ၞ N ࿑㧟 ർਤᓟ㔡ᤨߩⵍኂ㧔ᢥ₂ ࠃࠅᒁ↪㧕 ࿑㧠 บ㘑 ภߦࠃࠆⵍኂ㧔ᢥ₂ ࠃࠅᒁ↪㧕߹ߚޔ᳓ኂ߇ᄙၞߢ߽ࠅޔฎઍ߆ࠄบ㘑ޔ㓸ਛ⽕㔎ߦࠃࠅ㊁↰Ꮉ߇᳚Ửߒޔ᳓ኂ߇㗫⊒ߒߡߚߎ ߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߡࠆޕㄭᐕߢߪᐔᚑᐕᣣߩบ㘑ภߦࠃࠆ᳓ኂߢޔᄙߊߩᑪ▽‛߇ᐥᶐ᳓╬ߩⵍኂ ࠍฃߌߡࠆ㧟 ࿑㧠 ޕ 㧟㧚ᄖⷰ⋡ⷞ⺞ᩏ ᄖⷰ⋡ⷞ⺞ᩏߪᐕᣣߦޔ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ၞౝߩోߡߩᑪ▽‛ࠍኻ⽎ߦߒߡⴕߞߚޕ ᄖⷰ⋡ⷞ⺞ᩏߪޔၞߦහߒߚࠕࡦࠤ࠻ࠍᚑߔࠆߚߦޔᧁㅧߩᑪ▽‛ޔฎᑪ▽‛ߩഀวߪߤߩ⒟ ᐲߢࠆ߆ޔⓨ߈ኅ߿↪ߐࠇߡߥᑪ▽‛߇ᄙၞߢࠆ߆ޔᑪ▽‛߇ኒ㓸ߒߡࠆ߆ޔ㔌ᢔߒߡ ࠆ߆ߥߤޔᑪ▽‛ߦߟߡߩᄢ߹߆ߥ⁁ߩᛠីߣޔᐔߢࠆߩ߆ᢳߢࠆߩ߆ޔጊޔᎹޔᶏߣߩ ⟎㑐ଥߥߤᄢ߹߆ߥℂᖱႎࠍᛠីߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡⴕߞߚޕ࿑㧡ߦ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߩ৻ࠍ␜ߔޕ ⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐޔ᭽ޘߥ↪ㅜߩᧁㅧᑪ▽‛߇ኒ㓸ߒߡࠆߎߣޔࠊࠇߡߥዬޔᎿ႐╬߇ࠆߎߣ߇ ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ㧝 ޕၞߩ㒐ἴࠍ⠨߃ࠆߢޔ⠧ൻߒߚᑪ▽‛ߩߺߥࠄߕⓨ߈ኅߣߥߞߡࠆᑪ▽‛ߩ ኻ╷߇㊀ⷐߢࠆߎߣޔ߹ߚዬએᄖߩᑪ▽‛ߦߟߡ߽⺞ᩏߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚޕ 㧭㧚ቛ 㧮㧚ቛ 㧯㧚ⓨ߈ኅ 㧰㧚ߜࠅࠎᎿ႐ ࿑㧡 ᄖⷰ⋡ⷞ⺞ᩏ 㧝 ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ၞߩᑪ‛ ዬ ゞᐶ⬿ ୖᐶ╬ ᬺ ߩᑪ‛ ߜࠅࠎ Ꮏ႐ ኹ␠ ว⸘
㧠㧚ࠕࡦࠤ࠻⺞ᩏ ࠕࡦࠤ࠻⺞ᩏߢߪޔᄖⷰ⋡ⷞ⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐࠍ߽ߣߦߒߡޔ੩ㇺߩኒ㓸Ꮢⴝߢⴕࠊࠇߚࠕࡦࠤ࠻⺞ᩏ ࠍෳ⠨ߦࠕࡦࠤ࠻ߩ⺞ᩏ㗄⋡ࠍㆬቯߒޔࠕࡦࠤ࠻↪⚕ࠍᚑߒߚ (㧞)ޕࠕࡦࠤ࠻ߪޟࠕࡦࠤ࠻ ࿁╵⠪ߩዻᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ㗄⋡ޠޔޟޘߩᑪ‛ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㗄⋡ޠޔޟ㒐ἴߦ㑐ߔࠆ㗄⋡ޠߩ㧟ߟߩ㗄⋡ߢ᭴ᚑߐ ࠇߡࠆޕޟޘߩᑪ‛ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㗄⋡ޠߪੱ߇ᚲߔࠆోߡߩᑪ▽‛ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚޕ ࠕࡦࠤ࠻ߩ㈩Ꮣߪޔ2008ᐕ1214ᣣߦ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ၞߩ᳃ߩᣇߩዬࠍ⋥ធ⸰ߨߡⴕߞߚޕ⇐ߩ႐ว ߪዬߩࡐࠬ࠻ߦᛩವߒߚޕࠕࡦࠤ࠻ߩ࿁ߪ2008ᐕ1221ᣣޔ22ᣣߦޔ᳃ߩᣇߩዬࠍ⋥ធ⸰ߨߡⴕ ߞߚޕ㧟ߦ㈩Ꮣᢙޔ࿁ᢙߥߤࠍ␜ߔޕ 㧞 ࠕࡦࠤ࠻⺞ᩏߩਥߥ㗄⋡ 䉝䊮䉬䊷䊃࿁╵⠪䈱ዻᕈ䈮㑐䈜䉎㗄⋡㩷 ࿁╵⠪ߩᐕઍ ኅᣖߩੱᢙ ዬޔߩᚲᒻᘒ 䇱䈱ᑪ‛䈮㑐䈜䉎㗄⋡㩷 ᑪ‛ߩዻᕈ↪ㅜޔ㓏ᢙޔᑪ▽ᐕޔ᭴ㅧ╬ ㆊߩᡷ▽ޔᡷୃޔᓟߒߚᡷ▽ޔᡷୃ▎ᚲޔℂ↱╬ ᑪ‛ߩ⛽ᜬ▤ℂࠪࡠࠕኻ╷ޔὐᬌ╬ 㒐ἴ䈮㑐䈜䉎㗄⋡㩷 ᔺߣᕁ߁ἴኂ ᄢ㔡ߩ㓙ޔᑪ‛ߦ↢ߓࠆߣᕁ߁ᓇ㗀 㔡ޔ᳓ኂޔἫἴޔบ㘑ߩኻ╷ ㆊߩἴኂߦࠃࠆⵍኂߩ⒟ᐲޔᗧ⼂ߩᄌൻ ↸ߩ㒐ἴᬺߩ⍮ᐲޔ↪ᐲ ⠴㔡⸻ᢿߒߚߎߣ߇ࠆ߆ޔ⚿ᨐޔᡷୃ╬ ቛޔၞߦኻߔࠆᗧ⼂ 㧟 ࠕࡦࠤ࠻ߩ㈩Ꮣᢙ࿁ᢙߥߤ ⋥ធ㈩Ꮣ ᛩವ ว⸘ ㈩Ꮣᢙ ㇱ ㇱ ㇱ ࿁ᢙ ㇱ ㇱ ㇱ ࿁₸ 㧑 㧑 㧑 ዬኾ↪ 59䋦 ዬ䊶ᬺ ૬↪ 㪈㪍㩼 㔌䉏 㪈㪈㩼 ‛⟎ 㪍㩼 ゞᐶ 5䋦 ή࿁╵ 2䋦 ⬿ 㪉䋦 ࿑㧢 ᑪ▽‛ߩ↪ㅜ࿁╵ᢙ એਅߦࠕࡦࠤ࠻⺞ᩏߩਥߥ⸳ߩ⚿ᨐߣ⠨ኤࠍ␜ߔޕ ࠕࡦࠤ࠻࿁╵⠪ߩዻᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ㗄⋡ ࠕࡦࠤ࠻࿁╵⠪ߩᐕઍࠍ⡞ߚ㗄⋡ߢߪޔ࿁╵⠪ߩ35㧑 ߇70ᱦઍએߢߞߚޕߎߩ⚿ᨐߪޔ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ၞߩᐕ㦂 ੱญ߇⋥ធࠊ߆ࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ߇ޔ㜞㦂⠪߇ᄙၞߢࠆ ߎߣ߇੍ᗐߐࠇࠆޕ ޘߩᑪ‛ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㗄⋡ ੱ߇ᚲߔࠆᑪ▽‛ߩ߁ߜޔޟዬኾ↪ޠߪ⚂㧢ഀߢ ࠅޔޟዬᬺ૬↪ߩᑪ▽‛ޠޔޟ㔌ࠇޠߥߤޔዬኾ↪ એᄖߩᑪ▽‛߇⚂㧠ഀߢࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ࿑㧢 ޕ
ᑪ▽‛ߩ᭴ㅧࠍ⡞ߚ㗄⋡ߢߪޔᧁㅧᑪ▽ ‛߇ၞߩ㧑ࠍභߡ߅ࠅޔዬߛߌߢߪ 㧑߇ᧁㅧߢࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚޕ ᧁㅧቛߩᑪ▽ᐕઍࠍ⡞ߚ㗄⋡ߢߪޔ৻ ⇟ฎᧁㅧቛߪᴦᓟඨߦᑪ▽ߐࠇߚ߽ߩ ߢࠅޔ㧑߇ᤘᐕߩᑪ▽ၮḰᴺߩᡷᱜ એ೨ߦᑪߡࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߢࠆߎߣࠍ⏕ߒߚ ࿑㧣 ޕ߹ߚㄭᐕ߽ᧁㅧቛ߇ᄙߊᑪߡࠄࠇ ߡࠆߎߣ߽ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚޕ 㒐ἴߦ㑐ߔࠆ㗄⋡ ৻⇟ᔺἴኂߪ߆ࠍ⡞ߚ㗄⋡ߢߪޔᄙ ߊߩ࿁╵⠪߇㔡Ἣἴࠍᔺߣᗵߓߡࠆ ߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚޕᄢ㔡߇⊒↢ߒߚ㓙 ߩዬ߳ߩᓇ㗀ࠍ⡞ߚ㗄⋡ߢߪޔ㧑ߩ࿁ ╵⠪߇ޟᑪ‛߇ୟუߔࠆޠޔ߹ߚߪޟᄢ߈ߥ ⵍኂࠍฃߌࠆޠߣ⠨߃ߡࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ ࿑㧤 ޕ ᄙߊߩ࿁╵⠪߇㔡ߢᄢ߈ߥⵍኂࠍฃߌࠆ ߎߣࠍ੍ᗐߒߡࠆ৻ᣇߢޔㆊߦᡷୃᡷ ▽ߒߚ▎ᚲࠍ⡞ߚ㗄⋡ߢߪޔޟ⠴㔡ߦ㑐ଥ ߔࠆਥⷐ᭴ㅧ(ᩇ╬)ࠍᡷୃᡷ▽ߒߚޠ ߣ߁࿁╵ߪ 3㧑ߢࠅޔ㕖Ᏹߦૐഀวߢ ߞߚޕߒ߆ߒޔᓟᡷ▽ᡷୃߒߚ▎ᚲ ࠍ⡞ߚ㗄⋡ߢߪޔޟ⠴㔡ߦ㑐ଥߔࠆਥⷐ᭴ ㅧ(ᩇ╬)ࠍᡷ▽ᡷୃߒߚޠߣ߁࿁ ╵߇ 17㧑ߢߞߚޕߎࠇࠄࠃࠅޔታ㓙ߦ⠴ 㔡ߦ㑐ߔࠆᡷୃࠍⴕߞߚߣ߁࿁╵⠪ߪ߶ߣ ࠎߤߥߩ߇⁁ߢߪࠆ߇ޔ⠴㔡ߦߟ ߡ㑐ᔃࠍᜬߞߡࠆ࿁╵⠪ߪࠆߎߣ߇ࠄ ߆ߦߥߞߚ(࿑㧥)ޕ ἴኂߩኻ╷ߦߟߡ⡞ߚ㗄⋡ߢߪޔ㔡 ߿᳓ኂ߇ߎࠅ߿ߔၞߢࠆߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄ ߕޔߎࠇࠄߩἴኂߩኻ╷ࠍߒߡࠆഀว߇ૐ ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚޕ᳓ኂߦߟߡኻ╷ࠍߒߡ ߥℂ↱ࠍ⡞ߚ㗄⋡ߢߪޔޟࠍߔࠇ߫ ࠃ߆ࠊ߆ࠄߥޠߣ߁࿁╵߇ᄙߊࠄࠇ ߚ(࿑ 10)ޕ߹ߚ࿁╵⠪ߦ⥄↱ߦᗧࠍ⸥ߒ ߡߚߛߊ㗄⋡ߢߪޔ᳓ኂߦߟߡߩ⸥ㅀ߇ ᄢᄙᢙࠍභߡ߅ࠅޔޟੱޔฦኅᐸߢߩ᳓ ኂኻ╷ߪήℂߢࠆޔ㒢⇇ߢࠆޠޔޟⴕ ߦࠃࠆ᳓ኂኻ╷ࠍᦼᓙߒߡࠆޠߣߞߚᗧ ߇ⶄᢙࠄࠇߚޕ ਈ⻢㊁↸ߢߪ㔡ࡂࠩ࠼ࡑ࠶ࡊߩᚑߣ ฦኅᐸ߳ߩ㈩Ꮣޔᧁㅧቛ߳ߩ⠴㔡⸻ᢿ჻ᵷ ㆜ޔ⠴㔡ߦ㑐ߔࠆ೨⻠ᐳߩ㐿ߥߤߩ㒐ἴ ᬺࠍⴕߞߡࠆޕ㒐ἴᬺߩ⍮ᐲࠍ⡞ ߚ㗄⋡ߢߪޔ㔡ࡂࠩ࠼ࡑ࠶ࡊߩ⍮ᐲߪޔ 㪇 㪇 㪉 㪋 㪊㪊 㪈㪌 㪈㪎 㪈㪈 㪎 㪈㪈 㪇 㪇 㪌 㪈㪇 㪈㪌 㪉㪇 㪉㪌 㪊㪇 㪊㪌 㪋㪇 ᳯᚭᦼ ᴦ೨ඨ㩿㪈㪏㪍㪏㪄㪈㪏㪏㪐㪀 ᴦᓟඨ㩿㪈㪏㪐㪇㪄㪈㪐㪈㪈㪀 ᄢᱜ㩿㪈㪐㪈㪉㪄㪈㪐㪉㪍㪀 ᤘరᐕ㪄㪉㪌ᐕ ᤘ㪉㪍ᐕ㪄㪊㪌ᐕ ᤘ㪊㪍ᐕ㪄㪌㪌ᐕ ᤘ㪌㪍ᐕ㪄㪍㪊ᐕ ᐔᚑరᐕ㪄㪈㪉ᐕ ᐔᚑ㪈㪊ᐕ㪄 ਇ 䋦 ࿑㧣 ᧁㅧቛߩᑪ▽ᐕઍ࿁╵ᢙ 㪌㪋 㪊㪊 㪈㪊 㪉 㪇 㪇 㪈㪇 㪉㪇 㪊㪇 㪋㪇 㪌㪇 㪍㪇 ᑪ‛䈏ୟუ䈜䉎 ᄢ䈐䈭ⵍኂ ო䈱䈵䈶ഀ䉏⒟ᐲ䈱ⵍኂ ⋡┙䈦䈢ⵍኂ䈲䈭䈇 ో䈒ⵍኂ䈲䈭䈇 䋦 ࿑㧤 ᄢ㔡ߩ㓙ߩዬ߳ߩᓇ㗀࿁╵ᢙ 㪍㪌 㪌㪇 㪉㪐 㪊 㪋㪈 㪊 㪍 㪈㪋 㪈㪎 㪉㪈 㪎 㪈㪇 㪊㪌 㪊㪏 㪋㪈 㪉㪋 㪇 㪈㪇 㪉㪇 㪊㪇 㪋㪇 㪌㪇 㪍㪇 㪎㪇 ደᩮ䊶ⅽ⫘ᦧ䈋 ᄖო ౝⵝ 㑆ข䉍 ਥⷐ᭴ㅧ㩿ᩇ䊶╬㪀 ᐥ ႖ 䈠䈱ઁ 䋦 ㆊ䈮ᡷ▽䊶ᡷୃ䈚䈢 ᓟᡷ▽䊶ᡷୃ䈚䈢䈇 ࿑㧥 ዬߩᡷ▽ᡷୃ⁁ᴫ(ⶄᢙ࿁╵࿁╵ᢙ 129) 㪐 㪈㪏 㪉 㪎 㪉 㪎 㪐 㪐 㪐 㪈㪏 㪈㪏 㪐 㪋㪌 㪇 㪇 㪇 㪈㪇 㪉㪇 㪊 㪇 㪋㪇 㪌㪇 㪍㪇 ⚻ᷣ⊛䈭ℂ↱ 䈇䈧ἴኂ䈏䈐䉎䈎䈲䉒䈎䉌䈭䈇 ἴኂ䈏䈐䈢䉌䇮䈚䈎䈢䈏䈭䈇 ἴኂ䈏䈐䈩䈎䉌⠨䈋䉎 ⴕ䈱ᢇេᡰេ䉕↪䈜䉎 䉕䈜䉏䈳䉋䈇䈎䉒䈎䉌䈭䈇 䈠䈱ઁ ή࿁╵ 䋦 䋱⇟⋡䈱ℂ↱ 䋲⇟⋡䈱ℂ↱ ࿑ ᳓ኂኻ╷ࠍߒߡߥℂ↱࿁╵ᢙ
ޟᚻరߦࠆޠޔޟᚻరߦߪߥ߇ߚߎߣ߇ ࠆޠޔޟߚߎߣߪߥ߇ޔ⍮ߞߡࠆޠߣ ࿁╵ߒߚ 70㧑ߢࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚޕߘߩ߁ߜޔ 㔡ࡂࠩ࠼ࡑ࠶ࡊࠍ↪ߒߡࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ ഀวߪޔޟᚻరߦࠆޠߣ࿁╵ߒߚ 29㧑ߩ࿁╵ ⠪ߢࠆ(࿑ 11)ޕ 㪉㪐 㪊㪊 㪏 㪉㪊 㪍 㪇 㪈㪇 㪉㪇 㪊㪇 㪋㪇 ᚻర䈮䈅䉎 ᚻర䈮䈲䈭䈇䈏䈢䈖䈫䈏䈅䉎 䈢䈖䈫䈲䈭䈇䈏䇮⍮䈦䈩䈇䉎 ⍮䉌䈭䈇 ή࿁╵ 䋦 ࿑ 㔡ࡂࠩ࠼ࡑ࠶ࡊߩ⍮ᐲ࿁╵ᢙ ⠴㔡⸻ᢿ჻ᵷ㆜ᬺߦߟߡߪޔ⍮ᐲߪ 50㧑ߦḩߚߕޔᬺࠍ↪ߒߚቛߪ 3 (6㧑) ߩߺߢߞߚޕ 㧡㧚߹ߣ ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪޔਈ⻢㊁↸ሼടᖝၞߢޔᣢሽߩᑪ▽⁁ᴫࠍ⏕ߒޔ㒐ἴޔᑪ▽‛ߦ㑐ߔࠆ᳃ᗧ⼂ࠍᛠីߔ ࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡޔᄖⷰ⋡ⷞ⺞ᩏޔࠕࡦࠤ࠻⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ⚿ᨐޔએਅߩὐ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚޕ 㜞㦂⠪߇ᄙၞߢࠆߚޔ㒐ἴኻ╷ࠍⴕ߁ߢදജߩ᭴▽ߥߤߩචಽߥ㈩ᘦ߇ᔅⷐߢࠆޕ ዬએᄖߦ߽ฎᧁㅧᑪ▽‛߇ᄙߊᱷߞߡ߅ࠅޔᑪ▽‛ߩ↪ㅜߦኻᔕߒߚኻ╷߇ᔅⷐߢࠆޕ ᄙߊߩ᳃߇㔡ࠍᔺߣᗵߓߡ߅ࠅޔㄭᐕߪ⠴㔡ߦ㑐ߔࠆᗧ⼂ޔ㑐ᔃࠍᜬߟ᳃߽ࠆ߇ޔታ㓙ߦ⠴㔡 ߦ㑐ଥߔࠆᡷୃࠍⴕߞߚߪዋߥޕ ᳓ኂ߇ᄙၞߢࠅޔၞోߩኻ╷ࠍⴕߦᦼᓙߒߡࠆ᳃߇ᄙߊޔੱߢߩ᳓ኂኻ╷ߪ߶ߣࠎߤ ⴕࠊࠇߡߥޕ ⴕ߇ⴕߞߡࠆ㒐ἴᬺߦߟߡޔℂ⸃ߒߡࠆ᳃ߪዋߥߊޔ↪₸ߪᭂߡૐޕ ᓟޔࠕࡦࠤ࠻ߩฦ㗄⋡ߏߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈࠍಽᨆߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔⓨ߈ኅߣߥߞߡࠆዬ߿ࠊࠇߡ ߥዬએᄖߩᑪ▽‛ߦߟߡ⺞ᩏࠍㅴࠆޕ ߐࠄߦޔᧄႎߢኻ⽎ߣߒߚ⺞ᩏၞߦ㓞ធߔࠆ㊀ⷐવ⛔⊛ᑪㅧ‛⟲ሽࠍၞߢ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߔࠆ ߎߣߢޔ㊀ⷐવ⛔⊛ᑪㅧ‛⟲ሽߩ㒐ἴᗧ⼂ߣวࠊߖߡޔၞߦහߒߚ㒐ἴኻ╷ߩឭ⸒ߦߟߥߍࠆޕ ⻢ㄉ㧦ਈ⻢㊁↸ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળᢎ⢒ផㅴ⺖ߩᣇޘߦߪ⾆㊀ߥ⾗ᢱޔࠕࡦࠤ࠻ᚑߩഥ⸒ࠍ㗂߈߹ߒߚޕਈ⻢㊁ ↸ᓎᚲޔടᖝᓎຬߩᣇޘޔ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ၞߩ᳃ߩᣇޘߦߪࠕࡦࠤ࠻⺞ᩏߦߏදജ㗂߈߹ߒߚޕߎߎߦ⸥ ߒߡ⻢ᗧࠍߒ߹ߔޕ ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ 1) ടᖝ↸㧦ടᖝ↸ടᖝવ⛔⊛ᑪㅧ‛⟲ሽኻ╷⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠޔ2005 ᐕ 3 2) ⫱↰ᢥ㓶㧦ᤘੑᐕർਤᓟ㔡ޔฎᦠ㒮ޔ 2006 ᐕ 3 3) ᬀༀඳ㧦บ㘑 23 ภἴኂߣ᳓ኂⅣႺޔ2005 ᐕ 9 4) ടᖝ↸ᓎ႐㧦ടᖝ↸ޔ1974 ᐕ 12 5) ዊ═ේᢅޔ㋈ᧁਯޔᾢ⼱ቁᢥޔᅏ↰ㄖ㓶㧦ኒ㓸Ꮢⴝߦ߅ߌࠆ㔡㒐ἴߣ⠴㔡ᡷୃଦㅴߦኻߔࠆ᳃ᗧ⼂ í੩ㇺᏒ᧲ጊ ේቇߦ߅ߌࠆ⺞ᩏíޔᱧผㇺᏒ㒐ἴ⺰ᢥ㓸ޔVol. 1ޔ2007ᐕ6ޔpp. 245㧙252.
