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The Personal Whose and its Genitive Equivalents with Of in Shakespeare's Histories(Part II) : Of-Constructions

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(1)Title. The Personal Whose and its Genitive Equivalents with Of in Shake speare's Histories(Part II) : Of-Constructions. Author(s). 水野, 政勝. Citation. 北海道教育大学紀要. 第一部. A, 人文科学編, 44(2): 73-83. Issue Date. 1994-03. URL. http://s-ir.sap.hokkyodai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/123456789/4297. Rights. Hokkaido University of Education.

(2) . 北海道教育大学紀要 (第1部 A) 第44巻 第2号 2 i lof Hokka ido Umver i i Sec t jouma ty ofl開ucat onIA)VOL44 s on( ‐ , No. 平成6年3月 Mmr ch ,1994. The Persona l w′ Zoseandi i ts Geni t ) ÷ ve Equi val ents wi故 ( ≧ 〆 , in shakespeare S Histories (Par tI D ------() り一Constructions-----. M[asakatsu ル1 IZUN0. 4. Analysisof Genitive Equivaーents wi th o′ The f ions wi lowi i t th せi i .struct ol r lg types of geni ve relative cor lこ e prepositior - ず (oriだ す ” “ “ “ ing 。ff ly meal l lbe analyzed fol lowing the method mentioned ir l or f nal rom ) wi .. Part . (see sections 2‐1, 2.2, and 2 ・3): TyPe 亘a: Antecedent Headword十 〇ゲ+ Wん‐ form ,.‐ TyPe 亘b : Antecedent.” 0ゲ+ Wん‐Form‐.・ Headword Type m. : Antecedent. Type Wa: Ant ecedent Type Wb: Antecedent. wん‐Form (or r九α む) ..‐ Headword十〇ゲ Headword十 Wたけeqf Wんereqf H d d .” ea wor. Thefrequencies ofeach type are vari ed ethe nu・nbers 。fexa・nples are . onthe whol f h far ewer t an those 。fTypel But we can note a signi f icantdi ionaldi f f tribut s erence。f . each type according to genitive relations such as possessive, objective, and partiti▽e or headw。rd’sfunct ions such as subj ect ,object ,nominalpredicate and object ofthe prep。‐ ion Ther t ive relationsin these types‐ We willin turn look t si e are no exam ples ofsubjec , f差 ZCザーconstruc ionsin shakespeare,s histories‐ Howeverin thefo1 t atthetypes o 87臨 め‘ z - す lowing discussion the occasional reference wi l l l b d h i d i t d a s o e ・ na e 。 s c o l n e e s an , tragedies ‐. + 4 la (Antecedent ‐1 . Type l -,.Headword十〇ザ Wん‐Form) l i The geni i t d t b b ve re a on can e expresse Z Uんなれ ythe preposition qfand a w かform ( , t九e w九たん and w九om) in the relative clause‐ As regards the position of the group o ゾ 2:1:B,1005) statesthat“qfwゐZcんis placed ei wたたん, Poutsma ( ther after or before its headword and theformeri sthe usual one.” No examplesin the present material (HIS), however can bef i form is placed afterthe ound of a case wheretherelat ve groupqf十wん‐ , headword from COM) i i t ve relation is expressed by the relative . ln (47) below ( ,thepart T f h i qf 防ぎw厩cん ve 銃e w厩cん, . he eadword has a subject unction. Concerning the relat hesamegram mat icalfunction astherelative wたたん Ryden (1966 which can havet :138) , たe w 厩cん is not infrequent ly used in geれ競りαZ qf notes that i t t ( i ‐consruc ons part ‐ “ ive possess t i i ve ve)- , , and object 邑の Cf le rotten and sound VPP。n myl i f -69p, so thatthe musterfi e ‐3 .166 - A ww 4 , , , l f i amounts not t teene thousand pol of たe w厄cた, dare not shake the 『 e, 九αケ g けむ ftheir Cassockes, 1eastthey shaketheαーse1uesto peeces snow fr。]m of . 73.

(3) . Masakat 1 IZUN0 su N. 4 ‐2 . Type nb (Antecedent ,.・〇ゲ+Wん‐Form‐“ Headword) As n・ent ioned i i t n Type =a above, the geni ve relation can also be expressed bythe ion Q t fand a wん‐form placed preceding the headword‐ Therelativeformsfound preposi ly speak in this tyPe are w九i ing, the nu1nbers of 〔 1erical cん むんe wたたれ, and wんo ’れ‐ Nun these examLples are less than o ftypel( z 〃んose),. ive relations, however, are The geni t. foundin part ii l i i i i t ve (PT) and object ve (0) cases . The occurrence of parttve re at ons in this type isespecial ly noteworthy since we have no examples ofthisin Typel . The headwordfunctions as a subjectand a nominalpredi tin o. cat ein PT, and anobjec 4 ive Re lat ion (0) t .2 .1. objec ln th isrelat ion there i s only one exampl e ofthe relative wんom, as shown in (48) . The headword wi f ierfunctions as an object (oo) th a modi s a PR ( a . The antecedenti demonstrat ive pronoun):. 圏. 3旦6 4 .6 .66 , thatqfwんom youseemeto haueso 肥れdercαだ. 4 i i ion (PT) t ve Relat .2 .2 . Part ln a partitive relation the relatives w九たれ andt力e wんたね can befound Both ofthe1n , ‐ d f together wi th qf 49 ) and , prece ethe headword unctioning as asubject (PTS), asin( l i ( 50 ) ththe headwordfol - . The re atve groups qfwたたん and qf wんom are aISOfound wi 2 lowing them as a nominal predicat PT i T d ( ) ( d t e np , as n 51) an (52) . he antece en s in i ive relat ions are a t l IN (noun)antecedentsexceptforthe PN (propername)in(51) part ‐. 鯉鋤. h 旦8 4 i ion, / ls t , My next poore pet ‐2 ‐138‐42 , thathis Noble Grace would aue ’ s i 1ow d both my t t some pi e / Vpon my wretched women, that so long / Hauefo1 Fortunes fa i ly, / 〇 thful ゲ wたたん there is not oねg l dare auow / (Here wたたん , referstothe antecedent m L y wreたれed wo痛もe九.. あの. 〃5 4 l l meof / s Note4 dothte , / Thi .8 ‐80‐86 , / of -.・/,.・/,.・ :addedtothese f Knights lant Gent l emen, / Eight thousand and oure huル , and gal , Esquires dred: Qf 流e wたたれ, / FZ”eん”九αred werebutyes terday dubb’d Knights ./ Thusthe Mor Tt imers le rested, t / <Mort , / ln whom the i .>... / <Ri weresupprest ch-> 〇ゲwたたれ, my Lord, your Honoris乙んeZαst ./ -. 6D Z嵐6 2 ‐5 .91-3,. 鰯. R2 2 ‐72 .1 .171 , / lam thelastofnoble Edwards sonnes, / ○ザ wんo暇 thy Father f W l Prince o ts a es5 was 方r s ,/. T 4 んαt)”‐Headword十 〇ゲ) ecedent”. Wん‐Form (or 7 .3 . Type 皿 LAnt ’s h Therei Sh k l i i i n o e a e s e a r e s exampe n stor es (HIS) of a case where the relative p wんたれ stands astheobjectofthe preposition q fplaced attheend ofaclause. This rela- 74.

(4) . The PersonaI Wんoseand i i t t th o s Geni ve Equi val ents wi t立 ゲ(Par ) e wんなれ th the deferred7 or stranded 可 modi f i es the headword , together wi , . An ob‐ ive relat ion can be seen i t n (53) ‐. The headword functions as an object (00) The -. f i ive: adwordi s modi edby an adject 鼠8 4 i t Woman / Thateuerlay by sthe goodl es ‐1 ‐69-71 , / Beleeue me sir , shei ん h 厩 h l t / H d 坊 Zひf man: w c w en e peope a e/“Z ew 可, such a noyse arose, /(Here wんたね referstothe antecedent 仇e goodZZest wo崩しα九.). 鰯. The relat ive pronoun 乙九αむ can also enteri ntothis construction, TyPe m[, butthere di 1 l f 1owing examples (54) ( no examp e oun n persona ant from COM) ecedents Thefol. ‐. d( 55 ) (from TRA) ofnon‐personal antecedents are also quoted here for comparative (Cf zunol992aandl992b‐) . Mi 側. Cf .5 .108 , / And he hath boughtthe Cottage andthe bounds / rhα乙the . A YL 3 C l l d t a r o o n c e o was 肋座s乙erqf -/. 鰯. Cf P lthe Learnings 銃αと hist ime / ‐1 .43 , The King . CY九イ 1 --./ uts to him al Could makehim 仇erece l仏erqf ,. ln (54) the headword functions as nominal predicate andin (55) as objectcom… A b i ement ve relation can beseenin both ofthem- . no ject 4 ) . Type Wa (Antecedent .--Headword十 WんereQf Geni i t ve relations can also be exPressed by a related use ofthe co1npound wんere十a ion q t th regard to these types of wんere eposi f t (1972:155) ‐compounds8 . Wi , Traugot testhat“Expressions o fthistype are particularly co・nnlon inthe sixteenth century ” . ‐ )9 low (W lause e wんereqfcanfol thoughthe a orprecedethe headword (Wb) inthec , al h igatory (e merisin some cases obl ‐g‐, w ere the headword functions as a preposl‐ t ) nalobjec erial (HIS) snoexampl e oftype w‐a . 工nthe present mat , however ,therei . i l l i l t r an us rat on, et us quote ( 56 ) one such instance of an object ivere lat ion (oop). m. shakespeare’s t ragedies (TRA) . Here the headword functions as an object ofthe. ion 乙れ: t eposi. 岡. Cf fe madeof Hectors bloud; /lnzoue wんerqf s Aiaxishal ‐5 .83‐4,/Thi . R0 4 , hal fe Hector staies at home: /(Here the antecedent is the word bZood in the indredlo sense ofk .). 5 ‐. ‐ Type W b (Antecedent. -” Wんergo瑳 ” Headword) T Wi h h t ype Wb , t ere are two examples of a partitive relation‐ The headword func‐. ns as an obj ) in ( 57 ) and a nominalpredicate.I Q>Tnp) in (58)‐ The an- ect (PTO. ‐( edenttypeis N nouns) in both ofthem.. 75.

(5) . ヨ. Masakat su MIZUNO. ー. 師. d 豆5 1 ege , Thereforeto France, m y Li .2 .213‐15 , / Diui eyourhappy Englandinto i F / foure Wん k t t ば ere可, a eyou oれeq“α gr n o rance , ,/. 鰯. f tone) / Were asseuen R2 1 ear ‐2 ‐2 .11 ,/ Bdwardsseuen sonnes(wんereqfthy sel l viol es12ofhisSacredblood,/. 4 valents) ‐Equi .6 . Sum mary ofTypes 口a‐ Wb (0ゲ ion of Types ロa‐ Wb according to each type in Shake‐ Tabl stribut e2 shows the di i S) th COM and TRA as previously noted in Tabl e. speare,s hi es (HI Stor ‐ , together wi The total number of exam ples of non‐personal cases, excluding the CL (clause) an- tecedents, i e4inthe s also given below for comparative purposesin cachtype (see Tabl. APPENDIX I 工B forf esofeachtype). requenci ions Tabl e2. Frequencies of Personal oゲーConstruct. \ 宜a. nb. C. H C T. (Types: 江a- wb) P o. nP. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. S. 0. S. 0. OP. S. o. nP. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. # 〈①〉. 0. 0. PT. TOT. OP. S. o. nP. OP. S. o. nP. OP. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1*. 0. 0. 0. o. l#. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. l 1*. l. ( 1 ). 0. 1#. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1*. 0. 1#. 8. 皿. H. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ①. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. Wa. T. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1十. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. l. Wb. H. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0 ・ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 0. 2. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 2. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 3. 1. 5. 0. TOT r Pe. 1 I Pr. ,. l. 3 1 . 100%. l. 3. 0. 9. 7 ‐69% 8 1. 23 .08% 9. 0 0% .0 0. 6 9 3% ‐2 9. 3 6. 50 .00%. 2 0% 5 ‐0. 0 .00%. 25 .00%. 100%. N‐B‐ 1,Thesymbo i l i i fgeni i t t l dTs t tandf ves v e ev a onso or日IS spec s 日, C,a l l y ‐ Forabbr , COM, andTRA,re i i (P,0,e t t t t e esec onsl c ons ( s c ,s .3and2 .2 . ,o ,e .) ‐) andfunc i l herwi heyarecas fPR andPN ant t 2‐Numbe t edent v e s et es rsi n〈〉and () deno ecaseso ec s espec y . ot ,r fN. o i l henum ber hes i fじたew九たれ and w九om,r 3.Num be ht t t v ・ e s et s espec r ー swi y gn*and#showcaseso . 0therwi i fw厩c九 n 口band m ar ecas e so . i heheadwordi heobj ftheprepos ht hes i to 4.Thenumberwi t st ec - ewhe r et n Wa (oop)i sthecas gn 十 i i i t リリ on 勿 ( れZ OUew九er eo .e .,ま i ) l h modぜi 5.Ci t t ves r ednumbersar ecase swi ers(adj ec c . l lant i fpe landnon 6‐Thet … unumbe )and(npr )ar t t s espec v e eso ‐ sona ecedent rsi n(per ecas rsona o per y . ,r. 76.

(6) . The PersonaI Wんose and i i t th o t ent s wi s Geni ve Equi val ゲ(Part虹 ). Thef iguresin Tabl though cases are quite few) indicatesome generaltenden- e2 ( ciesf or personal antecedents:. th N (nouns) (1lexs ten wi a) Thegeれ競りαZqf‐constructioni sfound mostof ‐ .), and al ly wi th PN (propername) (lex sothoughlessfrequent ‐ .) or PR (pronoun) (lex.). f b) This construction can alsobefound wherethe headword has modi iers(adj i ect ves) . Vr s we appar‐ e have one such casein PR and one outofeleven examLplesin N. Fro・n thi ly know tha f iersuch as an adject ive are not exclu- th a modi tcases ofheadwords wi ent sivelyf oundin Typel (wんose) .. ions (ロa‐W‐ b),therei c) ln the case ofthe geれ飾りαZqf ‐construct s no example where theheadwordistheobjectofthe preposition Qf (apartfrom one such case ofthe preposi‐ ion i九, asin t. 抗 Zoひe wんereqf), whilein the case of wんose (1)thereis one case. where. ion o t the headword preceded by w九ose isthe objectofthe prePosi ゾ (cf ‐4 (e) in Part ‐3. l) . d) ln a possess i lat ionship (P), the geni ival げ‐construct ion13 seems to be t ve re th personal antecedents since there i rarely used wi s only one instance of 可 wんom(Po: Type nb wi th headwordin post‐position), com pared with greater frequencies oftype l ionsisonly7 truct above . (The percentageofp to the totaI P‐PT け‐cons .69% inthe case of personal antecedents, while that of P to the totaI P‐PT げ‐construction is 50% in luding the CLr(c lause) antecedents)14 non‐personal cas es (exc ‐) As regards the rarity of possessive relations by the oゾーconstruction in r九g にZ九g JαmLes yersioれ, Grainger i (1977 2 ) hasremarkedthatthereis no exampleoftherelat ea pos veqfwたたんto denot ‐ :3 ion i T れe 比Z九g JQ痛も 「 io九 [1611 ]. This remark has relevance atleast sessive relat n7 es y ers. inthecase ofpersonal antecedents‐ i ion (0), thereare as many as three relative typesfound wi e) ln an object th verelat funct ions such as obj ionalobjec ] Wa) t t( ter case ect(=b and 皿),and aspreposi .lnthelat. ive wんereqfisobl igatory ヱれZoひe wんere‐ i ionoftherelat (oop), thepost t scase( ‐pos . lnthi h d i l l i t t t h t a so no et att ere s no correspon ng na ype. n ype m ofthe former qf), we mus. (00) ,. he relative w 厩cんisthe objectofthe preposition Qfplaced after the head‐ where t. ibl th a personal an‐ e wi word in the clause, we 工nust note that this type is also poss tecedent ( cf zuno . Mi ,1993a).. f) ln a partitive relation (PT) whichis uncom mon wi th Type l, the qf‐construction , isusual lyfoundin three types wi la and nb),object(Wb) th functions such as subjec t(1 , ion (PTS) of Bb (where the relative and nominal predicate (nb) . ln a subjectfunct 十 f h h d d ん d b ht ず w ‐orm prece est e ea wor ), ot ypesqf wんZcれ and qf 仇e wんZcん15 oc‐ groupo lowsthe headword) PTS ) of na(wherethe relative group fol cur, ln thesame case ( ,on‐ ly one exampl e of q f 仇e w厩cん occurs without any other variants. When the headword ions as a nomi funct nalpredicate (PTnp), the headword has a post‐position, and there. ince we have w 厩cん, 坊e w 脳cん, and wんom in ロb, and ・s variety i nthe qf‐constructions s ‐ ion(PTO) wんereqfin wb. ln an objectfunct sonly oneexampleof wんereqf(N b) ,therei thout any corresPonding 亘 tyPes‐ which occurs wi. g) lnstances (13 exs ‐) ofthe qf‐construction as a genitive equivalent are somewhat 77.

(7) . Masakat I IZUN0 su N. i i ive (9exs‐:69 t com mon as we have seen abovein object ve (3exs ‐:23 ‐08%) and part ‐2 3%) exPressions, exceptforthe rarity of a possessive expression (lex:7 ‐69%) - How‐ ive express・ons are uncom mon wi th this construction‐ For expressing the ever ect , subj lasttype, Typelisused predonlinantly. 5. Conclusion l d From the sun f Types l and =a-N‐ b in Tabl 〔 lmaries o esl and 2 , we can conc u e ive equivalents wi thatthe personal wんose (1) andi b) were com- ts geni t th qf (=a‐N‐ th such types of antecedents as N (nouns), mon in Shakespeare’s p1ays when used wi. PN (propernames), PR (pronouns) i ty) ( thtype .) though only wi , and D (de . ln addi ion, a distribut ionaldi f ference seenQsto exist between these two types, since t instances o fthelat t ions) arefoundin possess theqf t i i ertype ( ‐construc ve (Po) ve ,object. i PTnp) i (oo and oop), part t ve (PTs , PT0 , and. tf b ect i expressions ve ex- , excep or su j i h sused alone (Ss press ons, w ere wたose (1) i . The partitive express・on , So , and sop) is also a remarkable characteris icofthegeれ競りメーqfconstruct ion ( t the percentage ofPT tot hetotaI P‐PTis69 ; ) .23% . The possessive expression, on the other hand, seems to be. ibl ion in the case of personal an‐ ththe qf uncom mon, though notimposs e ‐construct , wi tecedents ( the percentage of p to the totaI P‐PT i s only 7 .69%) ‐ When the headword funct ions astheobj i ion qf toftheprecedingprepos t ec erred , wんose (1) seemsto be pref totheqf ions (e ) ‐construct ‐ ‐g ., qfwんicん, wんereqf Last ly we mus t addthat among some types ofthe qf‐construction, there is a con‐ ,. iderabl lat i s e correspondence observed between there ves w九i c九 and 仇e wねたん ofType =b in PTs or amongtherelat i vegroups け 吃れe ノ wんたれ and qfwれom ofType =b and wんere- ‐ f b i l l i PT N fo e s e c n a n q p y p . * Thi inuat ion of my s l wんose andi tudy ofthe persona i l t t th q si s a cont s geni veequi va ent s wi fin Shakespeare’ t =) splays spaper(Par .lnthi ,lhavetaken up hishistories(ten plays)‐Examples,there‐ fore,arei l lus t i i tor th af rat ed mainlyfrom the hi s es,wi ew except onsin 江a , 皿(casesofnon‐personalan‐ ‐ St t t i four t l t ecedent s),and w a. ai s caldataf rom otherplays( eencomedi esandtwe vet ragedi es)areal so indi i ionsin shake land2)in orderto get a generalview ofthe geni t catedinthetabl truc t es( vecons ‐ ’s la s Thef i h i d ft t speare requenc esofexampl esinthecon Qedi esandt ragedi esarebased o n m s o u s p y. y y r ion(see Mi t t ruc cons zunol993b andl994) .. NOTES 2 l ): ( innumber ing) Uni 1) AWW 4 l l t e (=pol :203) , pol . Cf ,s .3 ‐167 . onions (1986 ‐v . po .れ‐ 2) whentheheadwordfunc ionsasanominalpredi t cate (np) oftheverbもa weusua且yhavea i i lause t t onoftheheadwordinthec ‐pos a so Ar≧止i(1975 :93) pos . . Cf ‐ l ) 3) 鼠8 4.2-141 :1009 . , both:i . ,good andbad ‐e ‐ Cf . Evans (1974 8 8 0 l i C f E t t ( 7 4) 亙5 4 1 9 4 : s. ‐ vans :966) . ‐ , noe ‐ inceof Wa l ince ldes 5) 元2 2 tsonofEdward m- es :Edwardthe B1ack Pr .1 , Pr .172 ,e 6) Cf i i t 韮.αbsoZ rs - sb)) ‐ ‐ OBD (s .v ‐f .(quas ion, see Qui 7) For a deferred orstranded preposi t t al rk e eston (1971:225) . Huddl . (1985:663‐64) tat lat i i t t s esthatthe headwordin re tofthe vecons ruc onssuch as Type 皿 cannotbecomethesubj ec. 78.

(8) . The Persona I Wんose and i i t t th o t江) s Geni ve Equi val ent s wi ゲ(Par lause i instheungramma l i l t tyofsuchcasesasfol c ca ows : ‐ Heexpla ん b f れ i (i) *坊e Pope t げ oα o sα e α れ九 れ e e α r w z gmp 夕 g p p y . “ , , The headwordin ourexampl th a personalant 5 3 ) wi toftheverb, not asub- e( ecedenti s an obj ec t j zuno (1993a) ec - ‐ Cf ‐ Mi id that in former Engl i 8) Franz (1968: 509‐12) has sa f ten pre compounds are of erred to sh wたere‐ ‘prepos ’ i ion十re lat i 九 ま i l ff 厩 ん ) S h l 8 l ( 1 9 9 0 2 ) t ( o ve pr noun e : aso not es .g ., 山 ereれ n p aceo 乃 w c . c eer ん i ion’ (e b れ thatcompoundssuch asthose made of‘adverb十prepos ) t t じ e r e α o r u e eげ g , , wたereqf ‐ ‐, ly M [ i t wereusedinear odern Engl sh1 n L oreof enthanin PE. i 9) Forthistypeof wんere‐compound, Jespersen(1949:196) remarksthat “Theserelat veadverbs may ” beprecededbyother wordsinthesa比 ingexampl ・ e way asthewん-pronouns essuch asthefol ‐ , quot l owing: i l inched; (i treach wi th myf tc i) Sw辻t3‐59 trees s ‐“ 銃etops wんereqflcouldbutjus 9 6 i ん l d ん l f l l k d( (温)id3 t t 乙 賜れ ) fwa ac o n n e n o れ es o ‐ s ew e r e sasma n e c o a n q qtd ‐ . , ,196 ‐in Jespersen lo ) Cf ons (1988 ood れ.5‐ :24),s ‐oni .v . b1 i lpredi lat i l las ) Whenthe headwordfunct 11 onsas anomina cat eoftheverb be ve wたereqfas we ,there i i lat i f i i lを t t otherprepos onalre vepronounssuch asQfwんま cん(c oninthere -pos .2)can haveafront ‐4 i lause for ま f 8 ki(1975 88,93 ththe げ+wた- t 94). tc vec cん 1 :87 - ‐ Qfwん ‐) ,c ‐ Fortheheadwordused wi ,e . Ar .m ( ial l lask t 1986 12 ) Rz l :れ‐Bot e :307) -2 .12 ,v . ,f ‐ Cf . 0nions ( i t ) Asregardstheqf t 13 ta t …cons oninthecaseofpersonalpronouns ruc esthat ‐504) s , Brunner (1973:503 i l ly M thi t i lat i αE andear [ t stypeofcons oni ruc sshunned nowadaysin a possess vere on ein n od- , whi ・ i F i dh t wasinuse h t f l h h f l l i t ern Engl sh,i o c e r o e u o e o o re a sa e w e x a z n e s s u c a s e w n : p q p g ‐ , (背) tes ines13‐14) Z treれg愈e qfpeんeめe mi mucれe e wαcれesse ⑦e woれ錫れge qfはre Lα“erd ,l ,p ‐273 (qtd ) ‐ ‐Brunner ,504. (v) んeirto われdsqf me (Shakespeare ,75) (qtd ‐ , Sれrew,V,1 ‐in Brunner ,504) 1 4 ) We mustalsonotethattherearenoexamplesofthepossessiveqfwんom inthecaseofnon‐personal tf i ant ecedent sexceptf orqf鳶たe ノw脳cたorwれereQf t t rom thi s ruc on . Apar , we maysaythatthe げ‐cons C f M th non‐personalant 副 i ( 1 9 8 6 ) h i f h dt t was morecom mon wi ecedent s s o z u n o w e r e w a s o u n at . ‐ , i thepercentageofptothetotaIP-PT qf )i t ‐ const ons (qf wんま ruc cた and wんereQf s64 qfw脳cん l ‐7% ( ins t17 ex; wれereQfloexs ‐65% of o (wんereqf3exs ‐) asaga ‐) and PT (ザ w脳cた lex ‐:wんereqf 2 i h f l t ing a possess i lat i ) exs s vere on in thecase of . n ecase o non‐persona antecedent . Forexpress ion ( i he non‐personalqf むor 銃em) t t tor q -cons ruc personalpronouns (e f仇em) in , げi ‐g ‐, ま ,t .e‐ PEi i sincom monuse vesomeofhi :504) squotat ons : ‐ To gi , accordingto Brunner (1973 (v i) Zれ 肋efαceq 銃 れ ま 乙ま tsouれdsqui t Z d Z Z f ) fi f t ereαsoれαもZ e (butwesay ec e O れ s五 α c e ; , t れes (v i) 7 i Z Zαgei ま iαZ tree t tqftたま t t tαgesiれtれe middZ sひ squi eαt rαc ひe Z t (qtd eqfi ytんeoZdcot ,espec ‐ in Brunner snow rareand pseudo‐archai c ‐ (Theuseoftたereqfherei ,504) , accordingto Brunner (1973 5 0 4 ) ) : . 15) Cf ‐ .OB刀 (s ‐v ‐ wんまc九13). REFERENCES Abbot t ‐ A sんαたesPeα“αれ Grαmmαr .Tokyo:Senjo. ,E- A.1929 ‘ ’ Ar ≧ u k i K R T 1 9 7 5 寝 々 i た ま ( R l i ) t a z u o れ es e a ves . okyo: Kenkyusha. ‐ ‐ , Berndt R A 1 9 8 9 丑 i ん E i ig: Ver t lag Enzy娘opadi ザt s o e れgZ sん Lαれguαge e ’ツ pz ‐ .Lei , . ‐ Brunner K 1 9 7 3 B i 自 転 た ま T T b M i l T t t 妨s k T i h t t o u s ‐ r n a s a s u n am e o g a o : a s ukan・ (Trans e . ‐ y - . y - . , .ofDま i i Z 1 6 6 2 9 0 ) ) scんeSPrαc九8 eれgZ :Zれ「eggscたま cれt cたe 互れtwi c賜賜れg (Tubingen: Max Ni emeyer ‐ ‐ , Burchf i ld,R.1987 九g B九gZ T I i e ty Press S九 Lαれg”αge vers ‐7 ‐oxford:oxford Uni . Cur ian Edi ion.Tokyo: Maruzen. t 1 me ‐ Sツれtα工. Maruzen As , G.○‐1931 Evans G B 7 z れ i 1 9 4 R i d s 左 た B ton: 日oughton. r e ひe s e α es Peαre I . . os , . . Far 1 たe Wor厩 qfsれαたespeαre:2 T T れe 2 jeon, H.ed.1929‐ 7 i t FOZ tん 秋馨r rs to Uαrおれt ezt げ 仇e ぞi o wi sqれd ioれQf Moderれ R 即d まれgs. 7 vol T h N t h P ( ) N Y k R d α SeZ ec s e o n e u r s c e s s e w o r n : a om‐ . 79.

(9) . Masakat t I ZUNO su ~ ’ i Z Fowl t Gowers sed by Si r Brnes er s 鋤r oderれ 房7 Sね びsαge er zgZ ‐ oxford: . 2nd ed. Rev , H. W.1975. FOWZ i P oxford Uni t vers y ress . i l in. Franz, W.1968 toe ta zo EIgo:S九fCO Sα7 zbuれ‐Trans.by s.Sa .Tokyo:Shinozakishor . SれαたesPeα「e7 M N i Z ん ゐ た 印 V d p ( H l l 1 9 3 9 ) ) fD S S (Trans x eme e r r r s r s琵 九 r o s α a e : a o e α c e α e卸e α e e y I P . . , f i ian Edi i t Fr i on.Tokyo: Maruze 1 s九 Grαmmmr し 1 er cα九 互mgZ es . . Maruzen As . Am ,C.C‐1940 1 T M S h i i T k Kenkyusha M g ヱ i 房 た S i ん B も b Grainger J 1 9 7 7 蛇 妙α 九 r n m z u o o : e s o た o o u じ a s れ 秘 y y ‐ . . . . . ‐ . , ina f lo7 lれgG Z th Carol (Trans v z (ChapeIHin, Nor : Uni es 勿 銃e S αmes Vers E yれ幻ヱ 〆 銃e K ‐of .ofstudi Nor ina Press,1907)). th Carol i i Hansen,E.e ty Press. tal vers s九.odense Qr誌迄sin 財r oderれ β乃gZ :○dense Uni .1986 . おreg”Z i ] 劣れe Nor i 1623 Hinman, C. J. K.ed.1968. rれe ぞl to 乙 ぞoZ 7 1 αcs ’扇Z rs e o qfsたα庇sp餌re [ . New York: Nor ton. i ま i f Huddl ご t teル 彫7 7 zαれ A7 zαZ sq f c sと“dy βα舵d o 1 sな A Sッ九≠αc est on, R‐ D.1971. rれe seれ肥れceiれ Wr ッs gZ 1 idge Uni i sc f idge:Cambr ty Press vers e解けた 7 ezts ‐ ‐Cambr i Jespersen, o.1949. A Moderれ β7 ! ヤZ s九 Gr es m: Sツ鳩α工. London: George zgZ αmmαroル 猛ぎ群or≠cαZPr虎c AI 1 enand Unwin. l l Jespersen,o‐1972. Grow坊 αれds i truc 乙“re q ぐ法e 忍れgZ s九 Lαれgはαge‐oxford:B1ackwe . “Re C F h WorksofC. Mar Mi l i P i h L 6 h (m ) 1 t t t t t t e ‐ om zuno, Masakat su‐1986 a v e r o n o u n s n e a e e n u r : r y . ” Joαr 互 i IA 3 2 3 loweand Hi i 餌 耳 た た f d 口煽 i d 6 1 1 Z f け α o れ ‐ s Cont emporar es 7 1 o α o り e r s ゆ “ c q ‐ . , , , , ’ i Mi I Wんosgal t th oザin Shakespeare ent s ve Equi val s wi zuno, Masakat su.1992a.“Non‐Persona ldthe Geni “ Co躍 0 2 0 れe β九gZ i 1 7 terαturei九 月oたたαido 37 l edi es, s九 Li ‐ ‐ , ’ i Mi th oザin Shakespeare t val ents wi s su.1992b・”Non‐PersonaI Wんoseandthe Geni ve Equi zuno, Mas紬にat ” i IA 2 0 4 3 1 1 0 3 彦 d 甘 た た i d ひ ま i Tragedi J 餌 t t es our 7 1 qf o α o れひers yqf 秘cα oれ‐ , , , ‐ ‐ , , i l Mi I Wんoseandthe Geni t th oザin shakespeare ve Equi va ent s wi S zuno, Mas紬【at su・1993a.”Non‐Persona ” Aspec Hi i i t stor es, sqf Moderれ EれgZ s九 Tokyo:Ei chosha. I Wんoseandi i Mi t t th o ent s Geni ▽e Equi val s wi ザi zuno, Masakatsu‐1993b.“The Persona n sh副にespeare’s ” ioれ,IA,44 94 Tragedi ido ひれま i t ‐ es, Jour 7 1餌 呼 嵐oたたα ひers yqfβducαt .83 ‐ ,1 l Mi i e由at th o t t va ent s wi su.1994・ ”The PersonaI Wんose andi s Geni ve Equi ゲi zuno, Mas n sh幻にespeare’s ” i た i i Z k T i d 九 α i 為 r 九 i i i b Co1 む 1gαた“ o 1omu 1 1 er α れo は7 edes, n ensu e ara, e . , S は α to oo ou-g rsu to α痛 ’ ‘Themes and Me i H k k i d i h d A i L ) t t ( thods for Reading Engl era ure , o a o Uni v s an mercan . Press , Sapporo‐ i Murray,James A. H‐ igi - ons,eds s九 Di c ey, W. A.Cra eand C.T. oni ‐1933 . rれe oズゾord EれgZ , H.Bradl l t 07m .[0互D],13vol s .oxford:C1arendon. i oni C T d 8 8 s力αたesPeαre GZ A 1 9 sedby RobertD. Eagl eson. oxford: ons e ossαry.Enlarged and rev . . ‐ . , i oxford Uni ty Press. vers Z 九gお7 Palmer,F. R.1968 tに Stαdy げt s 1gZ S九 Verb.London:Longman. . A Lまれg“i i Part idge t tαれ 起れgZ id S s九: A Stはdyまれ Sツれtαズ α7 efrom Cα工toれto Joん九… r γZ , A‐ C‐1969. Tudorto A”gus d D L h t 7 o o e s c so z n n : u . ‐ f Z Pout 16. A Grαm mαrqfLαt e Moderれ 互れgZ Sん.5vol s ‐ sma, H.1914 . Groningen:P.Noordhof . i i tal Qui じ L αr げ 銃e E7 z sた Lαれg“αge.London:Longman. rk, R.e ひe Grαmm gZ preねeれs .1985 . A C0m i餌 Rリセr i Ryden, M‐1966. Reねt i i t九 Spec tr”c t s力 wi Ug Coなs o7 z siル 房αrb S1zteeれ仇 Ceルtはry βれgZ eれceto i れomms忍Z ion.Uppsala:Uni si T tyofUppsala toraIDi tat vers sser r7 yot . . Doc i and ご まgo; 耳ご l Sche ru SれαたesPeαre. Trans z o方 otobα たαrα 九αi er, Manf red.1990‐ S力αたes Peαre7 I ‐ H.lwasak 互 i 九 互 ま た l T E i h S i h T fS 九 た Z h i k h h K. Mi ( t s s 7 s c れ es r α c w s - o c o a n s a a n s o α e e α r e z : s P P g yas a. o y : ‐ r ‐ l in:Er i lag,1982))・ i Z seれsc無げと zg (Ber chschmidtver c九g Biリ転んr“7 i Scheurweghs sんsツ九≠α工.London:Longman. -刀αン E九gZ , G.1959. Prese九≠ ldeshe im:olms 九g 月賦rUαrd Co7 SPevack,ル 1 T z z cordα7 ceto SんαたesPeαre ‐ . Hi .1973 ‐7 i Traugot 1 to t to QfEれgZ 7 “脇t oれ鰯 Approαcんtotんe 圧i s s sん S ’γ 可 膨れ- 1 yれ幻z: A rrαた新or . A 圧i ,E. C.1972 ins i ァ ton. tand W t ture・ New York: Rinehar sん se 7 z e九cestruc gZ fessor (Assi tantPro s ,Sapporo Campus). 80.

(10) . The PersonaIWたose and i ts Geni t th o ve Equi val t江 ent s wi ゲ(Par ) ri. APPENDーX I ’s P1a s Abbrev iat ionsofShakespeare y EXPLANATORY NOTE Thes iat io tandard abbrev 1 I l sofShakesPeare’ t FOZ s P1ays rs O,have been adoPt ed ,intheorderof r九g Fi (seespevack (1973),Symbo l iat i ): sand Abbrev ons Comedi 14plays): es ( WZV. 7 T 九8 Mer ゾ Windsor 77 Wi peso. . . ERR. T れe Comedyqf互“o 2 r s 肋脳cた Ado About八者叱れing , ,sLos Lope t s Lαわor. ADO 乙L乙. MND. A Mi dsumme r配馨んrsDreαm. 財V. 7 T れe Meたたα九tqf Veni ce. . 7 T れe7 1 αmingqftんesれrew ’ AZ Z 師 Z Z7 T 九α七βnds 師e Z Z s , e. SHR AWW WT. 7 t ねe Wint 1 e〆s 7 αZ e. Hi tori s es (1oplays): ZN KZ Z 7 1 oれれ t gc R2 蕉Zれg Rf c九αrdt九eSecond ヱH4 2圧4 旦5 ヱH6 2H6 3亙6. 7 T れe Firs tPαr tqf K!ng 亙eたび tんe Four tれ 1 7 れeSecond Pαr t げ にi九g 旦en沙 tんe Four tん Ki九g 互eれ7ytれe ぞ新tん 7 7 ゐe i tqf King 丑en tんesiztん tPαr rs 7 t れeSecond Pαr tqf 比ing 旦enryとれesiztん. R3. t れe rねirdPαr 2 tqf King 亙enが tたes沈むん King Ric九αrdt九e7 1 九i rd. . . Tragedi ): es (12plays 1 7 7 T R0 Zusαnd Cress idα roi CQR Ro 」M 7 T ZM. Cor i oZαれαs R0m i t L eoαたd JαZ e. MAC. 71monq fAtたens 肋「 t九 Qcbe. . . LR. King Leαr. 0r″. Qんe Z Z O Aた tonツ αたd CZ eo野αtrα . . A~r . 81.

(11) . Masaka 1 tsu N IZUNO. APPENDIX n Frequencies o fthe Non‐PersonaI Wんose andits Equivalent. ’s P1a s 〇ザ ionsin shakespeare ーConstruct y EXPLANATORY NOTE. i ts geni t Thefol i lowingtabl veequ1 va- es (3 and 4) show thef requenc esofthenon‐Personalwんoseandi )). The abbrev iat i l th q es on s wi ent fin Shakespeare’s plays(HIS(tories), COM(edies), and TRA(gedi i i l i T h b l i b i d t t l i t t t tandforpossess j r v er e o n s es m o s e c v e n a a s P,0,S,and PT s ve,obj ec ve s u a symbo p y . , , t t i ionsofthe headword assubjec t t cat e,and esyntac cfunc s cat ,nominalpredi ,objec ,o,np,and opindi i lcons t i i t t tofaprepos ruc onse×ceptType l (Wたose) on.The wayofshowingtypesofnon‐persona obj ec d form.“headword) in h f l i Bb e i l i h l d i f f ( t t t t t t tf anece n …qf十wん‐ ss g y eren rom a o persona casessnce ype lcases T h f l l i tedf l antecedentsi thecase ofpersona rom e o o w n s notfoundin non‐persona gtypes (quo . Mi i ecedent s : vepurposes) weref oundinnon‐personalant zuno (1993a)forcomparat Type l : Ant ecedent . . .Wんose十 Headword 1 Type 江a : Ant ん ecedent , . ・Headword十〇ゲr7 膨 i W脳c Type 韮b : Ant T れeノ W厄cん, ecedent ・ ‐ .r7 . ・Headword十 の T Type 皿 : Ant れα , ecedent .Headword十0ゲ ‐ . .7 Type Wa : Ant ecedent… Headword十 Wたereqf Type] Vb : Ant ecedent… Wたereqf ‐ . .Headword. APPENDIX D A Tabl e 3. Frequencies of Non‐Personal 卵偽ose (Type: 1). \ HIS. P S. o. 18 ⑩. 1 ③. nP 1. (4) (④) COM. 14 ⑲. OP 7 ⑤. 0. 〈1〉 21 3 ⑯ (2) (2). 53 ◎. o. 2. 1. nP. OP. 0. 0. ○. TOT. o. nP. OP. S. o. nP. OP. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. l. 1 ④*. 58 1. 5 ② {①}. 0. 5. 1. 0. 1 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. {1}. 4 ⑤*. 1. l 0. 0. 0. ①. 0. 1 ①. 0. 0. 0. 0. {1} 〈1〉. {①}. 67 9 ⑤. 1. (7) (2) (④) {1} {①}. 1 2 ⑭. 12 ②. 2. 1. 3. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. (①) {1}. {①} {①}. {1}. 〈2〉. 82. S. 49. {1} {①} 〈1〉 TOT. S. PT. (①) 5 ②. (1) TRA. S. 0. 〈1〉 14 8. 19. 85 .06%. 2% 10 ‐9. ・7 2% 4 .0. 0. 1 74. 0 .00%. 00% 1.

(12) . The Persona I Wんoseand i i t t s Geni ve Equi th o val ent s wi ゲ(Part韮 ) N.B.. ber 1.Num d {} show t L hecas si n( ) a f AN ( 1 ・ ima lnoun) and GN (geographi e so a u n … 妃 names c )a l ロ ー t i l t ec edent s v e fPR ( rsi n〈 〉showcas y eso .Thenumbe ,respec ec edent pronoun) ant s ‐ 2.Thec i l i r t c ednumberi heheadwordhasa mod正i nd ca escas eswher et i i i er 1 t j t ec veorpar e c g‐ . P ,e ,anad ‐ 3.・showstha henumberi tt ludesacas nc i heobj ewher etheheadwordf t ft hepr to i i unc onsast t ec epos on ず o .. APPENDIX n B Table 4. Frequencies of Non‐Personal oゲ ions t ーConstruc. \ 虹a. (Types: na‐ Wb) P S. o. 0 nP. o. OP. S np. o. op. PT l l p. op. S. o. TOT. nP. OP. HI S. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 2. 0. 0. 0. 2. COM. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. /1/. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. l. 0. 0. 0. /1/. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. l. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. [1]. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. [1]. 皿 r W a. COM. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. TRA. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1*. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. l. S HI. 2. 1. 0. 2. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 5. COM. 1. 3. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. l. o. o. o. [5] [1]. [4]. [1] [1] TRA. 0. 0. [1] r W b. 1 上. TRA 亘b COM. S HI. 1. ①. 0. 0. 5. [4]. l. o. [2] [2] [1] ①. [ l o ]. 0. l. [6] 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. [2]. 3. [8]. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 0. 0. 〈2〉 COM. 0. 0. TRA. 1. 0. 5. 5. 1. 6. 0. l. o. o. o. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 2. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 0. 4. 4. 2. 3. 2. 2. 0. 0. 0. 0. 2. 0. ①. 4. (①) TOT. 50% CL [1]. 25% [8] [4] [2]. 27. 25. 4. 3. 0%. 25%. 0. 9. [10 ]. 7 36 10 0%. 2 [ 5 ] 6 1. N.B‐ 1 Thenumbe hecaseo ri fCL ( n [ ] showst l ) ant c aus e ‐ ecedent s . 2‐Numbersi fpR ant nく 〉showcas es。 ec edent s . 3.Thenumberi fAN ant n ( )showsacaseo ec edent . 4‐Thenumberwi h ~sthecaSeo t faheadwordasobj tcomp l ec ement . 5‐Thenumbe hecas fo ri i n / /i st ず 銃ewん eo c九. 6.Ci l heheadwordhasa mod迂i r c ednumbersshowcaseswher et i i ersuchasanad t l j t i ec v eorpm r c e p ‐. 83.

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