モジュール型有・無線統合通信システムエミュレータの実装と評価 利用統計を見る

2

1

... 4

2

... 11

2.1

... 11

2.1.1

... 11

2.1.2

... 14

2.1.3

... 15

2.1.4

... 15

2.2

... 17

2.2.1

... 17

2.2.2

... 18

2.2.3

... 23

2.2.4

... 23

2.2.5

... 24

3

.. 27

3.1

... 27

3.1.1

... 27

3.1.2

PHY

... 27

3.1.3

... 28

3.2

... 31

3.3

... 33

3.3.1

... 33

3.3.2

... 34

3.4

... 38

3.4.1

... 41

3.4.2 GUI... 41

4

... 43

4.1

... 43

4.2

... 46

5

... 50

5.1

... 50

5.1.1

... 50

5.1.2

... 51

5.1.3

... 56

5.2

... 63

5.3

... 64

5.3.1

... 64

5.3.2

... 65

5.3.3

... 69

5.4

... 76

5.4.1

... 76

5.4.2

... 77

5.4.3

LAN

CSMA

... 80

5.5

... 85

5.5.1

... 85

5.5.2

... 86

5.6

... 89

5.6.1

... 89

5.6.2

... 91

5.6.3

... 91

5.6.4

... 91

6

... 95

4

1

20

1

1

LAN

[

_][

_]

[

_][

_]

_LAN

_IEEE802.11[

_]

₂₀₁₃

TV

IEEE802.11af[

_]

[

_]

[

_]

6

1

2

3

4

SDR

Software Defined Radio

I/Q

SDR

FPGA(Field

StarBED[

_]

IEEE 802.11

LAN

LAN

1)

2)

3)

4)

8

2014

5

IEEE802.11

IEEE802.11

[

_]

1

2

3

2

4

2

6

10

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

2

2.1

2.1.1

MU-MIMO[

_]

12

TCP/IP

MobileIP[

_][

_{] LIN6[}

_][

_]

Cost Hata

ITU-R M.1225[

_]

14

2.1.2

PAN(Personal Area Network)

AD DA

IEEE802.11

2

2

0m

0m

2

3m

300,000 km

3m

10n

10n

2.1.3

2.1.4

(

)

LTE

(Long Term Evolution) IEEE802

16

2.2

2.1

4

2.2.1

YRP

Wireless IOT

[

_]

_{GSM/GSRP W-CDMA TD-SCDMA}

TD-LTE

GENI[

_]

_IEEE802.16e[

_{] ORBIT[}

_{] NITOS[}

_{] Emulab[}

_]

18

FILS(Fast Initial Link Setup)

IEEE802.11ai

[

_]

FILS

LAN

[

_]

[

_]

2.2.2

2

(BPSK= Binary Phase-Shift

Keying QPSK= Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying

)

BER(Bit Error Rate)

SINR (Signal Interference Noise Ratio)

(AWGN: Additive White Gaussian

Noise)

BER

SINR

QualNet[

_{] EXata[}

_{] ns-3[}

_][

_][

_][

_]

OMNeT++[

_{] IP}

_[

_]

[

_{] Simulation for}

802.11P PHY/MAC[

_]

20

3

3

4

4

(

)

OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

OFDM

22

5

5

CPU

GFLOPS

GPU(Graphics Processing Unit)

GFLOPS[

_]

CPU

GPU

SDR

FPGA

CPU

GPU

2.2.3

CMU

[

_{] IEEE802.11}

[

_{] IEEE802.16}

_[

_]

[

_{] Network-scale emulation of general}

wireless channels[

_]

AD

DA

2.2.4

I/Q

Agilent

Technologies N5106A PXB Baseband Generator and Channel Emulator (

24

I/Q

1

2

GUI (Graphical User Interface)

N5106A

AMU200A

N5106A

AMU200A

N5106A

AMU200A

4

16

AMU200A

240

2.2.5

2

Fixed,

Selectable,

Programmable,

Reconfigurable

Real-time

Sharing

SFDR

GNU radio

FPGA

MAC

FPGA

2.2.1

Orbit YRP NITOS EMULAB UTMesh

IEEE802.11

LAN

LTE

[

_]

DSP

2.2.3

CMU

26

MAC

[

_]

3

4

FPGA

SDR

2.1

3.1

3.1.1

StarBED

StarBED

OS

OS

OS

3.1.2

PHY

PHY

FPGA

SDR

SDR

PHY

28

MHz

FPGA

FPGA

3.1.3

s(t)

(1)

s(t) = I i Sin(

ω

t

+

θ

)

+ Q i Cos(

ω

t

+

θ

)

(1)

I Q

ω

θ

P

P

= I

_{+ Q}

(2)

θ

θ

= tan

Q

I

⎛

⎝⎜

⎞

⎠⎟

(3)

30

6

6

(1) (2) (3)

I

Q

2.1.1

I/Q

LAN

BPSK QPSK

QAM(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)

AM FM

2.4 GHz

3.2

7

8

IEEE802.11

LTE

2.4 GHz

TV

2.4 GHz

IP

IP

Home Agent

TV

IP

StarBED

JGN

32

7

3.3

9

2

I/Q

FPGA

3.3.1

PC

OS

OS

OS

Android OS

OS

OS

MAC

MAC

MAC

QoS

MAC

MAC

PCI

34

3.3.2

1

3.1

I/Q

I/Q

AD

DA

FPGA

MAC

MAC

FPGA

FPGA

CPU

QPSK

1

OFDM

2

I/Q

I/Q

I/Q

I/Q

1

2.2.4

I/Q

DA

AD

I/Q

AD

I/Q

10

I/Q

NCO (Numeric Control

Oscillator)

I/Q

NF

36

(LUT)

I/Q

10 RF

11

LNA(Low Noise Amp)

(LUT)

I/Q

NCO (Numeric

Control Oscillator )

I/Q

NF (Noise Figure)

38

3.4

I/Q

FPGA

12

i tx

i

i rx

i

H(i j)

i

j

12

i

I/Q

j

H(i j)

H(i j)

13

s

d0

L0

L0

2

Cost Hata

40

s

13

m

di Li

i

i

Li

Li

i

13

n

IMT-2000

ITU-R M.1225

(indoor office)

(outdoor to indoor and pedestrian)

(vehicular)

6

IEEE802.16m

IEEE802.16m Evaluation Methodology

Document(EMD) [

_]

_{Wireless LAN}

_IEEE802.11n

TGn Channel Model [

_][

_]

13

FPGA

IMT-2000

ITU-R M.1225

7

7

3.4.1

di

Li

Scenargie[

_]

3

3

Path loss model Channel ITU-R M.1225 Fading Model Antenna

Two-way ray Indoor A/B Classic Isotopic

COST-231Hata Pedestrian A/B Flat Dipole

Vehicular A/B User defined ITU-R F.2135

PDSekm ITU-R F.1245

User defined User defined

3.4.2 GUI

GUI

GUI

GUI

ITU-R M.2135 ITU-R F.1245

GUI

42

L[dB]

(4)

(5)

(6)

Cost Hata

GUI

L

= 20log

4

π

d

λ

⎛

⎝⎜

⎞

⎠⎟

(4)

L

= 40log

( )

d

− 20log

( )

h

− 20log

( )

h

(5)

L

= 46.3+ 33.9log( f ) −13.82log(h

)

− a(h

)

+ 44.9 − 6.55log(h

[

)

]

log(d)

+ 3

a(hr)

= (1.1log( f ) − 0.7)h

− (1.56log( f ) − 0.8)

(6)

d= distance = wave length ht hr= antenna height f =

frequency

ITU-R M.1225

Indoor A/B Pedestrian

A/B Vehicular A/B PDSkem

7

GUI

(7)

r(t)

r(t)

= x(t) + j ∗ y(t)

=

2

N

+1

Sin

π

n

N

⎛

⎝⎜

⎞

⎠⎟

Cos 2

π

f

Cos

2

π

n

N

⎛

⎝⎜

⎞

⎠⎟

t

⎧

⎨

⎩⎪

⎫

⎬

⎭⎪

+

1

N

+1

Cos 2

(

π

f

t

)

∑

⎡

⎣

⎢

⎢

⎤

⎦

⎥

⎥

+ j

2

N

Sin

π

n

N

⎛

⎝⎜

⎞

⎠⎟

Cos 2

π

f

Cos

2

π

n

N

⎛

⎝⎜

⎞

⎠⎟

t

⎧

⎨

⎩⎪

⎫

⎬

⎭⎪

∑

(7)

f

4

4.1

3

Xilinx

FPGA

XC7K325T[

_]

_FPGA

14

FPGA

15

44

FPGA

16

FPGA

FPGA

10 Gbps

SFP+

4

10Gbps

miniSAS

3

100 MHz

I

14 bit Q

14bit

bit

100 MHz

100 MHz

bit

14bit

19bit

19bit

104dB

46

4.2

Scenargie

Scenargie

GUI

2

BER

SINR

17

GUI

IP

GUI

17

18

GUI

AP1 8

GUI

19

3

17 GUI( )

48

20

3

20

50

5

4

2.1

5.1

5.1.1

2

1

PCI-E

SDR

StarBed

Linux CentOS

SDR

PCI-E

OS

CentOS

OS

KVM Kernel-based Virtual

SDR

FPGA

SDR

5.1.2

2.1.1

2

1

SDR

52

21

22

LAN

LAN

iPerf

22

2442MHz

6 Mbps

OFDM

2

6 Mbps

OFDM

CW Continuous Wave

2

2412 MHz

2472 MHz

IEEE802.11g

iPerf

23

10%

10%

2412 MHz

-18dB

2412

MHz

10%

-18dB

18dB

10%

23

3

1

OFDM

2442 MHz

54

2

2437 MHz

2447 MHz

OFDM

2442 MHz

Null

3

OFDM

SINR

56

5.1.3

Cost Hata

ITU-R M.1225

5.1.2

24

CW

25

26

5km

200km

58

25 Cost-Hata

24

OFDM

27

28

OFDM

29

30

OFDM

60

27

5.2

2.1.2

m

3m

2

10n

FPGA

33

100 MHz

352

1.76

100 MHz

5n

64

5.3

LAN

5.3.1

31

LAN

LAN

iPerf

5.3.2

2.4GHz

LAN

32

2.4GHz

LAN

15dBm

2442MHz

LAN

65

85dB

85dB

3

66

32

S/N

SG

IEEE802.11

OFDM(54Mbps 64QAM)

OFDM

EVM(Error Vector Magnitude)

33

34

x

4

EVM

(dB)

(%)

IEEE802.11 Limit

IEEE802.11a

4 EVM

Measurement point Item

Input Output

Difference Unit IEEE802.11 Limit

1.03 2.95 +1.92 % 5.62

EVM All Carr.

-39.76 -30.61 -9.15 dB -25.00

1.04 2.98 +1.90 % 5.62

EVM Data Carr.

-39.69 -30.53 -8.84 dB -25.00

0.91 2.57 -1.6 % 39.81

EMV Pilot Carr

-40.77 -31.80 -9.46 dB -8.00 IQ Offset -69.50 -58.08 -11.42 dB -15.00 -0.09 -0.07 -0.02 % - Gain Imbalance -0.01 -0.01 0 dB - Quadrature Err. 0.00 -0.04 0.02 % Freq Err -149.13 -152.60 -3.60 Hz +/-48840

68

33

5.3.3

SFP+

miniSAS

16

35

16

16

PCI-E

4

PC

4

1

SFP+

PC

miniSAS

2.1.4

70

FPGA

1

FPGA

1

1

FPGA

1

1

FPGA

FPGA

FPGA

1

FPGA

FPGA

1

36

1

37

37

B [Hz] FPGA

R[bps]

W [bit]

1

n

FPGA

1

n

=

[

]

2

2

n

1

FPGA

C

n

= n

× C

72

4

FPGA

miniSAS

1

miniSAS

FPGA

R

10

Gbps 1

FPGA

C

16

B

100 MHz

W

33 bit (I

14 bit Q

14bit

5 bit)

n

(8)

n

=

⎡⎣

⎤⎦ =1

C

n

(9)

n

= 1×16 = 16

B

20 MHz

33 bit

n

112

FPGA

FPGA

Xilinx

XC7VX1140T

13.1 Gbps

96

B

20 MHz

W

33 bit

672

16

240

FPGA

16

PCI-E

4

PC

4

FPGA

12

13

N

I/Q

2+2N

1+2N

2x(2+2N)

2x(1+2N)

7

(LUT)

940

2424

DSP (Digital Signal Processor)

31

RAM

14

XC7K325T

203,800

407,600

DSP

840

RAM890

1

FPGA

4

12

FPGA

5

DSP

44.29%

FPGA

74

IEEE802.11a/b/g

MAC

Microblaze

CPU

NORTi OS

(LUT)

119,835

(FF)

101,677

RAM

166

199 KB

6

IEEE802.11a/b/g

SISO(Single

Input Single Output)

OFDM

DSSS BPSK QPSK QAM

OFDM

48

64QAM

SISO

MIMO(Multi Input Multi Output)

MIMO

MINI-SAS I/F

PICI-E

FPGA

38

MIMO

76

5.4

LAN

39

5.4.1

4

IEEE802.11a/g

IP

Linux OS

iPerf

icmp Ping

StarBED

5.4.2

40

iPerf

0dBm

0dB

OFDM

6Mbps(BPSK) OFDM 12Mbps(QPSK) OFDM 24Mbps(QAM)

78

40

[dB]

[Mbps]

OFDM 6Mbps(BPSK) OFDM 12Mbps(QPSK)

OFDM 24Mbps(QAM)

3dB

LAN

42

42

10

11

100MHz

80

5.4.3

LAN

CSMA

43

IEEE802.11

LAN

CSMA

CSMA

43

IEEE802.11g

1

7

1

IEEE802.11g

6 Mbps

QualNet EXata NS3

Scenargie

44

IEEE802.11g

2

2

iPerf

2

82

CSMA

45

46

47

2

2

47 CSMA

CSMA

3

1

100%

2

CSMA

2

2

50%

2

CSMA

3

S

1

3

84

IEEE802.11

48

[MHz]

[dB]

48

22MHz 4ch

20dB

22MHz 4ch

D/U

CSMA

47

1ch

3ch

5.5

5.4

Ping

5.5.1

40

FPGA

FFT

49

VNC

FFT Waterfall

STA1

Windows PC

FFT Spectrum

STA1

Windows PC

Scenario Generator

STA2 Console

Wireless Node STA2

STA3 Console

Wireless Node STA3

STA4 Console

Wireless Node STA4

Wireless Node STA1

86

49

5.5.2

IEEE802.11g Adhoc Mode 6Mbps OFDM Rate

0dBm

5GHz

STA1 3:ch1

STA4:ch7

0dB

STA1:

STA2 STA4:

STA2 4

STA2 STA3

STA1

Ping

Ping

STA4

Ping

Ping

STA1

RTSP

STA2 STA3

( 50

)

STA2 STA3

STA1

Ping

RTT

1.2mSec

88

STA4

STA2

STA3

STA1

STA2 STA3

STA1

RTT

FFT

RTT

5.6

2.1

3

4

5.6.1

2.1.1

2.1.1

5.4

5.5

StarBed

FFT

90

iPerf

IEEE802.11

OFDM

BPSK QPSK QAM

5.4

2.1.1

5.1.2

5.4

5.5

2.1.1

3.1.3

5.1.3

Cost Hata

5.6.2

2.1.2

m

3m

SDR

FPGA

1.76

5n

1.76

0m

5n

3x10

_m

1.5m

3m

5.6.3

2.1.3

5.3

LAN

5.4

5.5

5.6.4

92

5.3.3

7

7

94

8

96

LAN

FILS(Fast Initial Link Setup)

IEEE802.11ai

2013

Wi-FILS

50

2014

5

IEEE802.11

IEEE802.11

1. Mitola, Joseph, "Cognitive Radio---An Integrated Agent Architecture for Software Defined Radio," May 2000.

2. D.Zuoran, Fracchia R, Gosteau J, Pellati P, Vivier G, “Vertical handover criteria and algorithm in IEEE802. 11 and 802.16 hybrid networks,” Communications, 2008. ICC'08. IEEE International Conference on, pp.2480-2484, IEEE, May 2000. 3. Stevenson C.R, Chouinard G, Lei Z, Hu W, Shellhammer S. J, Caldwell W,”IEEE

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Issue.4, pp.27-38, ACM, Oct 2009.

5. “IEEE 802.11 WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS”, The Working Group for WLAN Standards, http://www.ieee802.org/11/.

6. , , , , , , ,

, , , ,

IEEE 802.11 af/IEEE 802.22 ( , ,

, , , ),

. SR, , vol.11, no.266, pp.21-28, Oct 2013. 7. Chandrasekhar V, Andrews J. G, Gatherer A,”Femtocell networks: a survey,”

Communications Magazine, vol.46, no. 9, pp.59-67, IEEE, Sep 2008. 8. Sampath H, Talwar S, Tellado J, Erceg V, Paulraj A, A fourth-generation

MIMO-OFDM broadband wireless system: design, performance, and field trial results,

Communications Magazine, vol.40, Issue 9,pp.143-149, IEEE, Sep 2002.

9. , , 11

, pp69-72, Sep 2008.

10. Miyachi T, Nakagawa T, Chinen K, Miwa S, Shinoda Y, ” Star BED and SpringOS Architectures and Their Performance,“ Proceedings of the 7th International ICST Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities, Shanghai, Chaina, pp.43-58, ICST, Apr 2011.

11. Hiroshi Mano,” Wireless-Emulation-for-system-evaluation,” IEEE802.11 Wireless Interim 145 WNG-SC,

1-14-0588-00-0wng-wireless-emulation-for-system-evaluation.pptx, May 2014.

12. Spencer Q.H, Peel C.B, Swindlehurst A.L, Haardt M, ”An introduction to the multi-user MIMO downlink,” Communications Magazine, vol.42, Issue.10, pp.60-67, IEEE, Oct 2004.

13. Khandekar A, Bhushan N, Tingfang J, Vanghi V, ”LTE-advanced: heterogeneous networks,” Wireless Conference (EW), 2010 European, pp.978-982, IEEE, Apr 2010. 14. IETF: IP Mobility Support

15. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2002

16. , , , , MIS PDMA

( ), A P, ,

vol.104, no.675, pp.243-248, Feb 2005.

17. Ishiyama M, Kunishi M, Uehara K, Esaki H, Teraoka F, “LINA: A new approach to mobility support in wide area networks,” IEICE transactions on communications, vol.84, no.8, pp.2076-2086, Aug 2001.

18. , , , LIN6 MISP/PDMA

(

(2), ), . IA,

, vol.107, no.280, pp.51-56, Oct 2007.

19. IETF: TCP Extensions for Multipath Operation with Multiple Addresses draft-ietf-mptcp-rfc6824bis-00MPTCP RFC

100

22. ITU-R REPORT M.2135-1: Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface technologies for IMT-Advanced

23. Recommendation ITU-R F.1245-1: Mathematical model of average and related radiation patterns for line-of-sight point-to-point radio-relay system Antennas for use in certain coordination studies and interference assessment in the frequency range from 1 GHz to about 70 GHz

24. , YRP IOT

--YRP IOT , CIAJ journal, 2011, vol.51,

no.9, pp.20-23, CIAJ, Sep 2011.

25. Bhanage G, Seskar I, Mahindra R, Raychaudhuri D,”Virtual basestation: architecture for an open shared WiMAX framework, “Proceedings of the second ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Virtualized infrastructure systems and architectures, pp.1-8, ACM, Sep 2010.

26. The IEEE 802.16 Working Group on Broadband Wireless Access Standards, http://www.ieee802.org/16/

27. Raychaudhuri D, Seskar I, Ott M, Ganu S, Ramachandran K, Kremo H, Siracusa R, Liu H, Singh M, “Overview of the ORBIT radio grid testbed for evaluation of

next-generation wireless network protocols,” Wireless Communications and Networking Conference 2005, vol.3, pp.1664-1669, IEEE, March 2005.

28. Papadimitriou D, Fàbrega L, Vilà P, Careglio D, Demeester P, “Measurement-based research: methodology, experiments, and tools, ACM SIGCOMM Computer

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29. Hibler M, Ricci R, Stoller L, Duerig J, Guruprasad S, Stack T, Webb K, Lepreau, J, “Large-scale Virtualization in the Emulab Network Testbed,” USENIX Annual Technical Conference, pp.113-128, USENIX Association, June 2008.

30. , , , UTMesh

( ,

, ), . IA, , vol.11,

no.349, pp.55-60, Dec 2010.

31. Yildiz M, Toker A.C, Sivrikaya F, Albayrak S, ”User centric wireless testbed, “Testbeds and research infrastructure,” Proceedings of the 7th International ICST Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and

Communities, Shanghai, Chaina, pp.75-87, Apr 2011.

32. , , ,” LAN FILS(Fast Initial Link Setup)

,” 2013 ,

vol.2013, pp.1634–1639, Jul 2013.

33. , , , , LAN

, 2013 , vol.2013, pp.383-388,

Jul 2013.

34. Ivanic N, Rivera B, Adamson B, ”Mobile ad hoc network emulation environment,”

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