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中国における失地農民の実態と課題

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The Losing

!lands Peasants Problem in China;

the Present Situation and Clue to a Solution

OSHIMA Kazutsugu

Recently, many farmers have lost their contracted lands and suffered from poverty in China. The Losinglands Peasants (shidi nongmin) problem has become one of the most serious problems in China. This paper examined the land use and expropriation system as the cause of it, and discussed itsfar reaching influences, especially farmers riots developed from this problem.

The Losinglands Peasants problem has basically arose from the rapid expansion of land demands, which caused in the rapid economic growth in China, without building systematic rights to own farming lands by farmers. Some enterprises and corrupted officers take illegal advantage from this situ-ation.

The crop estimate is not so sufficient because of their smallscale subsis-tence farming. But farming income is still important for Chinese farmers since it is relatively stable than nonfarming income, besides they cannot re-ceive enough benefits from the social security system. The corporative medi-cal system based on the Peoples Commune has collapsed once and be in its rebuilding process now. The social security system is not widespread enough and farmers are not actually able to receive their pensions. Farmers are rely-ing on their farmrely-ing lands. This problem is really serious because such im-portant lands are going to be expropriated almost forcibly.

In the late 2000 s, Chinese government proposed the policy that recognizes farmers contraction on their farming lands as their property rights. But the situation is still far from the solution and we should pay close attention on it.

参照

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