殴りchologia,1975,18,22‑29.
THEEFFECTSOFSUCCESSVS.FAILUREANDLEADER'S L P C O N M E M B E R R E A C T I O N S *
SanghiroSHIRAKASHIandMichioYOSHIDA
s伽α〃Gα&"〃2Unive応靭心"s加助伽沌妙>Japα〃
Thisstudy,alaboratoryexperiment,investigatedtheeffectsofleaders'LPC andsuccessvs・failureontheresponsesofgroupmembers.Thesubjectswere 86girlsinseniorhighschoolinJapan.Eachexperimentalgrouphadin principleoneleaderandthreemembers.Theleaderofeachgroupwas identifiedbyasociometricquestionnaire・Thetaskofthesubjectswasto discusssomeadolescentproblembehaviorcases，Theconditionofsuccessvs.
failurewasmanipulatedbyafalsefeedbackfromtheexperimenter.
Themainresultswereasfollows:
(1)ThegroupmembersunderhighLPCleadersdescribedtheirowngroup atmosphereasmorefavorableinthesuccessconditionthaninthefailurecon‑
dition・AsimilardifferencewasnotfoundformembersunderlowLPCleaders.
(2)ThegroupmembersunderhighLPCleadersweremoresatisfiedwith theinformationgiveninthesuccessconditionthaninthefailurecondition.
ThisdifferencewasnotfoundforthemembersunderlowLPCleaders.
Theresponseofanindividualinasituationinwhichhisperformanceis evaluatedpositivelybyathirdpersonmaydifferfromthatinwhichitis evaluatednegatively.Whenagroup'sperformanceisevaluatedpositivelyand whenitisevaluatednegatively,members'perceptionsoftheirleader'sbehavior andgroupprocessmayalsodiffer.
Furukawa(1972)measuredtheinfluenceofsuccessvs.failurefeedbackcon‑
cerninggroupperformanceonmembers'descriptionsoftheirleader'sbehavior.
H e f o u n d t h a t m e m b e r s i n t h e s u c c e s s c o n d i t i o n t e n d e d t o p e r c e i v e t h e i r l e a d e r ' s behaviorasbeinghighinboththePerformancefunction(Misumi&Shirakashi, 1966;Misumi,1972)andtheMaintenancefunction(Misumi&Shirakashi,1966;
M i s u m i , 1 9 7 2 ) ; m e m b e r s i n t h e f a i l u r e c o n d i t i o n t e n d e d t o p e r c e i v e t h e i r l e a d e r ' s
behavioraslowinboththePerformancefunctionandtheMaintenancefunction.
T h i s r a i s e s s e v e r a l i n t e r e s t i n g r e s e a r c h q u e s t i o n s . I s t h e r e a l i n e a r r e l a t i o n s h i p
*ThisstudywassupportedbyaGrantinAidforScientificResearches,MinistryofEducation, J a p a n 1 9 7 1 ‑ 1 9 7 2 , u n d e r C o n t r a c t s 1 0 4 9 a n d A ‑ 7 3 1 0 3 9 , J y u j i M i s u m i , P r i n c i p a l i n v e s t i g a t o r . TheauthorsareindebtedtoMr・Suzuki,teacherofKyushuGirlSeniorHighSchool,Fukuoka, Japanandtohisstudents.Wealsowishtoexpressourthankstomanystaff‑membersofthe G r o u p D y n a m i c s L a b o r a t o r y , F a c u l t y o f E d u c a t i o n , K y u s h u U n i v e r s i t y a n d t h e J a p a n e s e R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e f o r G r o u p D y n a m i c s . W e w i s h t o e x p r e s s o u r a p p r e c i a t i o n t o P r o f e s s o r R o g e r E ・ K i r k a n d A s s o c i a t e P r o f e s s o r M i t s u y a Y a m a u c h i f o r s u g g e s t i o n c o n c e r n i n g t h e s t a t i s t i c a l a n a l y s i s o f data・WealsoacknowledgeourindebtednesstoProfessorGeraldL・Fielderwhoassistedin
writtingthismanuscriptinEnglish.R e q e s t s f o r r e p r i n t s s h o u l d b e s e n t t o S a n s h i r o S h i r a k a s h i , D i v i s i o n o f C o m m e r c e , S e i n a n GakuinUniversity,Fukuoka,814,Japan.
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