Issues in moral education for the new space era by

ϫ㸬ᩍ⫱Ꮫ࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ

᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦฿᮶࡟ྥࡅࡓ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄢ㢟

ᒾ⏣ 㝧Ꮚ^ͤ

Issues in moral education for the new space era by

Yohko Iwata(JAXA)

Abstract: The mental attitudes of human beings as human beings and values such as discipline, etc. that should be complied with are fostered in school education,

particularly centred on “moral education.” When fostering these kinds of values, how far can the values advocated in current moral education be applied in the new space era in which there is a high likelihood of a change in the perceptions of we human beings occurring, for example the discovery of extraterrestrial life, etc.?

In this paper, we addressed these problems by examining issues in moral education for the new space era based on the current “Curriculum guidelines”.

The results of this examination revealed that it is necessary to add the following two points to the moral education aimed for by the current “Curriculum guidelines”, in order to form the values required for the new space era.

The first point is that it is necessary to have education that first recognizes that culture, the human race, etc. “are diverse” and then fosters the “unitary thinking (which says that although there are a variety of ideas the conclusion we should all be working toward is the same, or comes down to the same thing in the end)” that liminates the contradictions and conflicts that arise from that diversity.

The second point is that in order to foster these kinds of values it is necessary to devise strategies for mastering specific abilities and skills such as the “ability to adapt” to diversity and “the ability to constructively and critically examine” the cultures and values of many countries as matters that concern oneself rather than as matters that are only the concern of other people, etc.

Taking into account these kinds of issues, it is necessary for education to go beyond merely stimulating interest in and providing information about space, to aim for space education which leads to the formation of values like the above. We believe that going forward it will be necessary to examine how space education should be specifically developed, practice it, and return the results of the verification to school education.

keywords:

ᴫせ

Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡛ࡣ≉࡟ࠕ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ே㛫࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᚰᵓ࠼ࡸᏲࡿ࡭ࡁつᚊ࡞࡝ࡢ౯್ほ ࡀ㔊ᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ౯್ほ㔊ᡂ࡟࠶ࡓࡾ㸪౛࠼ࡤᆅ⌫௨እࡢሙᡤ࡟⏕࿨ࡀⓎぢࡉࢀࡿ࡞

࡝㸪ᡃࠎே㛫ࡢព㆑ኚ໬ࡀ⏕ࡎࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⌧⾜ࡢ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱࡛

ͤ ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲேᏱᐂ⯟✵◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ ኱Ꮫ➼㐃ᦠ᥎㐍ᐊ ேᩥ࣭♫఍⛉Ꮫࢥ࣮ࢹ࢕ࢿ࣮ࢱ 㸦ᮾ໭኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬ᅾ⡠୰㸧

ᥦၐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ౯್ほࡀ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛㏻⏝ࡋᚓࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬

ᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡋ㸪⌧⾜ࡢࠗᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࠘ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟

ྥࡅࡓ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄢ㢟ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓ㸬

᳨ウࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟ྥࡅ࡚ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ౯್ほᙧᡂ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⌧⾜ࡢࠗᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ 㡿࠘ࡀࡵࡊࡍ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱࡟ḟࡢ㸰Ⅼࡀ௜ຍࡉࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬

ࡲࡎ㸯Ⅼ┠ࡣ㸪ᩥ໬ࡸே✀࡞࡝ࡀࠕከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࢆㄆࡵࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓከᵝࡉᨾ

࡟⏕ࡎࡿ▩┪ࡸ⾪✺ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃࠕᖐ୍ⓗ࡞㸦Ⰽࠎ࡞⪃࠼ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࡵࡊࡍ࡭ࡁ⤖ㄽࡣྠࡌ㸪 ᖐ୍ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺㸧⪃࠼᪉ࠖࢆ㔊ᡂࡍࡿᩍ⫱ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

ḟ࡟㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ౯್ほ㔊ᡂ࡟ࡣ㸪ከᵝᛶ࡬ࡢࠕ㐺ᛂ⬟ຊࠖࡸ㸪ከᅜࡢᩥ໬ࡸ౯್ほࢆ௚ே

஦࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ⮬ศ஦࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᘓタⓗ࠿ࡘᢈุⓗ࡟᳨ウࡍࡿຊࠖ࡞࡝㸪ලయⓗ࡞⬟ຊࡸࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ

㌟࡟௜ࡅࡉࡏࡿᕤኵࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㄢ㢟ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ᩍ⫱ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡜ࡋ࡚㸪༢࡟Ᏹᐂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⯆࿡㛵ᚰࡢႏ㉳ࡸ▱㆑ᥦ ౪࡛␃ࡵࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞౯್ほᙧᡂ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿᏱᐂᩍ⫱ࢆࡵࡊࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬

௒ᚋ㸪ලయⓗ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᒎ㛤ࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿ࢆ᳨ウ࣭ᐇ㊶ࡋ㸪᳨ド⤖ᯝࢆᏛᰯᩍ⫱࡬㑏ඖࡍࡿᚲ せࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

2011

GPS

࠸ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ᡃࠎே㛫࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠕᏱᐂࠖࡲࡓࡣࠕᏱᐂ✵㛫ࠖࡣᮍ▱ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪

ࡲࡓ᪥ᖖ⏕άࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࡣࠕ㠀⌧ᐇࠖⓗ࡞㡿ᇦ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸬

୍᪉࡛㸪ࡇࡢඛ

50

Ᏹᐂ᪑⾜࡟⾜ࡅࡿ᫬௦ࡢ฿᮶㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ࡝ࡇ࠿ࡢᅜ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣఱ࠿ࡢ㞟ᅋࡀ㸪⊂⮬࡟Ᏹᐂ࡬㐍 ฟࡋ㸪Ᏹᐂᇶᆅ࡞࡝ࢆᘓタࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶྰᐃ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪Ᏹᐂ✵㛫ࡀᡃࠎே㛫࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⌧ᐇ✵㛫

࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ㸬

ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᏱᐂ᫬௦ࢆぢᤣ࠼㸪Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ୰࡛ලయⓗ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞౯್ᩍ⫱ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡭ࡁ

࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆᮏㄽᩥࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡜ࡋࡓ㸬≉࡟Ᏹᐂ᫬௦ࡢ฿᮶࡛⏕ࡎࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠕ౯್ࠖ࡜ࡋ

࡚㸪ࢥࢫ࣏ࣔࣜࢱࣥⓗព㆑㸪ࡘࡲࡾ㸪୍ࡘࡢᅜࡸẸ᪘࡟࡜ࡽࢃࢀࡎ㸪඲ୡ⏺ࢆ⮬ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃

࠼⾜ືࡍࡿព㆑¹ࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬඲ୡ⏺ࡢே㛫ࡀ㸪ᅜࡸẸ᪘࡜࠸࠺ᯟࢆྲྀࡾᡶ࠸㸪ᆅ⌫඲య

ࢆ⮬ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼⾜ືࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࢀࢆࠕ᫝ࠖ࡜ࡋࡓࠕ౯್ࠖࡀᾐ㏱ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟࡝ࡢ

ࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ⏕ࡎࡿࡢ࠿㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟㸪᐀ᩍဴᏛࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽ࠸࠼ࡤࠕᖐ

୍ᛶࠖ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼ࡀ㸪ᩥ໬ே㢮Ꮫࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽ࠸࠼ࡤࠕከᵝᛶࠖ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼ࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀࡓ㸬ල యⓗ࡟ࡣ

2011

6

7

28

ISTS

Technology and Science:

✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⾡ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢሙ࡛ḟࡢ㏻ࡾⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ㸬

ி㒔኱Ꮫࡇࡇࢁࡢᮍ᮶◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᩍᤵ㸪㙊⏣ᮾ஧ඛ⏕ࡣ㸪᐀ᩍဴᏛࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽぢࡓሙྜ㸪 ᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟ྥࡅࡓ᐀ᩍⓗᙺ๭࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᖐ୍ᛶࠖࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜㏙࡭ࡓ㸬ᡃࡀ⚄ࡶ௚ࡢ⚄ࡶ⤖

ᯝⓗ࡟ྠ୍ࡢࡶࡢ࡟ࡓ࡝ࡾ╔ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ྜ࠸࡛࠶ࡾ㸪≉࡟᪥ᮏࡣ㸪⚄㐨ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡓࡃࡉࢇ

ࡢ⚄ࡢᏑᅾࢆཷࡅᐜࢀࡽࢀࡿᩥ໬ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪᪥ᮏேࡀࠕᖐ୍ᛶࠖ࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿᙺ๭ࢆᢸ

࠺ࡢ࡟㐺ᙜ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜୺ᙇࡋࡓ㸬

୍᪉࡛㸪⚄ᡞ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᅜ㝿ᩥ໬Ꮫ◊✲⛉ᩍᤵ㸪ᒸ⏣ᾈᶞඛ⏕ࡣ㸪ᩥ໬ே㢮Ꮫⓗ࡟ぢࢀࡤ㸪 ᖐ୍ⓗ࡞ືࡁࡣ୍Ṍ㛫㐪࠼ࡿ࡜ࠕᆒ㉁໬ࠖ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ㸪ࠕከᵝᛶࠖࡀኻࢃࢀࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋࡓ㸬 ࡉࡽ࡟ᖐ୍ࢆࡵࡊࡑ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࡑࢀࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜㏙࡭ࡓ㸬ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᮏ᮶ࡣྠ

ࡌẸ᪘࡛࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㉳ࡇࡾᚓࡿẸ᪘⣮தࡣ㸪⤖ᯝⓗ࡟ᖐ୍࡟ࡣ⮳ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡢ඾ᆺ

࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ᡃࠎே㢮࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪ື≀ࡀᩘୡ௦㸪ᩘ༑ୡ௦࠿ࡅ࡚యࢆኚ࠼࡚㸪ࡉ

ࡽ࡟ᵝࠎ࡞ᮏ⬟ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆኚ࠼࡚⎔ቃ࡟㐺ᛂࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ᩥ໬ࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㐺 ᛂࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜㏙࡭㸪ே㢮࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᩥ໬ࡢከᵝᛶࡣ⏕ࡁṧࡾᡓ␎࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋࡓ㸬

࡞࠾㸪㙊⏣ඛ⏕ࡣ᐀ᩍဴᏛ⪅ࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽぢࢀࡤ㸪౛࠼ࡤ㸪⚄㐨࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣඵⓒ୓ࡢ⚄ᵝࡀ

࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛㸪ከᵝᛶࢆ㇟ᚩࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞᐀ᩍᩥ໬࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㏫࡟㸪ከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚

࠸ࡿ࡜㏙࡭ࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ከᵝᛶࢆ᮰ࡡ࡚࠸ࡃࡼ࠺࡞ఱ࠿ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ⚄㐨࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ከᵝ ᛶࢆᢸಖࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ࡝࠺ࡸࡗ࡚᪂ࡋ࠸⛛ᗎࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿㸪ࡇࢀࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜

㏙࡭ࡓ㸬

ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⫼ᬒࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦ࡢᖥ㛤ࡅ࡟㝿ࡋ㸪ࠕᖐ୍ᛶࠖ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉㸪ࠕከᵝ

ᛶࠖ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡅࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࠿㸬ࡲࡓ㸪≉࡟Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡼ

࠺࡞౯್ᩍ⫱ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࡤࡼ࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓ㸬

࡞࠾㸪᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ౯್ᩍ⫱࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ୺࡟ᑠᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࠖࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸬ල యⓗ࡟ࠕ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲࠖ࡟ࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾグ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ²㸬

㸦ᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ᶆ㸧

➨

2

ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡼ࠺⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬

୍ ᖜᗈ࠸▱㆑࡜ᩍ㣴ࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅ㸪┿⌮ࢆồࡵࡿែᗘࢆ㣴࠸㸪㇏࠿࡞᝟᧯࡜㐨ᚨᚰࢆᇵ࠺

࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪೺ࡸ࠿࡞㌟యࢆ㣴࠺ࡇ࡜㸬

ࡉࡽ࡟ࠗᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࡛࠘ࡣ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟࡢ㏻ࡾ┠ᶆࢆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ³㸬

㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ᶆࡣ㸪➨㸯❶⥲๎ࡢ➨㸯ࡢ

2

㏻ࡌ࡚㸪㐨ᚨⓗ࡞ᚰ᝟㸪ุ᩿ຊ㸪ᐇ㊶ពḧ࡜ែᗘ࡞࡝ࡢ㐨ᚨᛶࢆ㣴࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿ㸬

㐨ᚨࡢ᫬㛫࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪௨ୖࡢ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ᶆ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ྛᩍ⛉㸪≉ูάືཬࡧ⥲ྜⓗ࡞

Ꮫ⩦ࡢ᫬㛫࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱࡜ᐦ᥋࡞㛵㐃ࢆᅗࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ィ⏬ⓗ㸪Ⓨᒎⓗ࡞ᣦᑟ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡇ

ࢀࢆ⿵඘㸪῝໬㸪⤫ྜࡋ㸪㐨ᚨⓗ౯್ࡢ⮬ぬࢆ῝ࡵ㸪㐨ᚨⓗᐇ㊶ຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬

ୖグ࡟ᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ㐨ᚨᛶࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡼࡾලయⓗ࡟⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᑠᏛᰯࠗᏛ⩦ᣦ ᑟせ㡿ゎㄝ 㐨ᚨ⦅⁴࠘ࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿ㸬

ゎㄝ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࠕ㐨ᚨᛶ࡜ࡣ㸪ே㛫࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᮏ᮶ⓗ࡞ᅾࡾ᪉ࡸࡼࡾࡼ࠸⏕ࡁ᪉ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚

࡞ࡉࢀࡿ㐨ᚨⓗ⾜Ⅽࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿே᱁ⓗ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ே᱁ࡢᇶ┙ࢆ࡞ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡣ

ࡲࡓ㸪ே㛫ࡽࡋ࠸ࡼࡉ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㐨ᚨⓗㅖ౯್ࡀ୍ே୍ேࡢෆ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚⤫ྜࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡜࠸

࠼ࡿࠖ⁵࡜ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺ࠕ㐨ᚨⓗ⾜Ⅽࠖ࠾ࡼࡧࠕ㐨ᚨⓗㅖ౯್ࠖ࡜

ࡣ㸪ࠕࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⏕࿨ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࢆ⮬ぬࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࠕࡍ࡭࡚ࡢே㛫ࡸ⏕࿨࠶ࡿࡶࡢࢆᑛ㔜ࡋ㸪኱

ษ࡟ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿᚰࠖࠕྥୖᚰࠖࠕᛮ࠸ࡸࡾࠖࠕබᚨᚰࠖ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡛ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⁶㸬 ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࡇࡢ㐨ᚨᛶࡣ㸪ࠕ⏕ࡲࢀࡓ࡜ࡁ࠿ࡽ㌟࡟௜࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ⁷࡜ࡋ㸪ࠕ㐨ᚨ ᛶࡢⴌⱆࢆࡶࡗ࡚⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࠕே㛫♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿᵝࠎ࡞య㦂ࢆ㏻

ࡋ࡚Ꮫࡧ㸪㛤ⰼࡉࡏ㸪ᅛ᭷ࡢࡶࡢࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡋ㸪ࠕ㐨ᚨᛶࡢⓎ㐩࡟ࡣ㸪 ᵝࠎ࡞せ⣲ࡀ࠿࠿ࢃࡾྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ḟࡢせ⣲ࡀ࠿࠿ࢃࡾྜ

࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ẁ㝵ⓗ࡟Ⓨ㐩ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࣭ࡼࡾࡼࡃ⏕ࡁࡿຊࡢ⮬ぬ

࣭⮬ศ⮬㌟㸪௚ࡢே㸪⮬↛ࡸᓫ㧗࡞ࡶࡢཬࡧ㞟ᅋࡸ♫఍࡜ࡢ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࠿࠿ࢃࡾ

࣭㐨ᚨⓗ౯್ࡢ⮬ぬ

ࡲࡎ㸪ே㛫ࡣᗂඣᮇ࠿ࡽᛌ࣭୙ᛌࡢឤ᝟ࡀㄆ㆑࡛ࡁ㸪ࡑࢀࢆᇶ‽࡟ࠕ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡇ࡜࡜ᝏ

࠸ࡇ࡜ࠖ࡟Ẽ࡙ࡃ㸪ࡇࡢᇶ‽ࡀᡂ㛗࡟ࡘࢀ⌮ᛶࡸෆ┬ࡍࡿຊ࡞࡝ࡀຍࢃࡿࡇ࡜࡛⮬ࡽࡼࡾࡼ

ࡃ⏕ࡁࡿຊࢆఙࡤࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

ḟ࡟㸪㐨ᚨᛶࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࡿ୺࡞࠿࠿ࢃࡾࡣ㸪⮬ศ⮬㌟㸪௚ࡢே㸪⮬↛ࡸᓫ㧗࡞ࡿࡶࡢཬࡧ 㞟ᅋࡸ♫఍࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ࡜ࡢ࠿࠿ࢃࡾࢆ㇏࠿࡟ࡶ࡚ࡿయ㦂ࢆ඘ᐇࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㐨ᚨᛶࡀⓎ

㐩ࡍࡿ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

᭱ᚋ࡟㸪㐨ᚨᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡣ㸪௚ᚊ࠿ࡽ⮬ᚊ࡬ࡢ᪉ྥࢆ࡜ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪⤖ᯝࢆ

㔜どࡍࡿぢ᪉࠿ࡽືᶵࢆࡶ㔜どࡍࡿぢ᪉࡬㸪୺ほⓗ࡞ぢ᪉࠿ࡽᐈほᛶࢆ㔜どࡋࡓぢ᪉࡬㸪୍

㠃ⓗ࡞ぢ᪉࠿ࡽከ㠃ⓗ࡞ぢ᪉࡬࡜Ⓨᒎࡍࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㐨ᚨᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡣ㸪

⮬ศ⮬㌟ࢆぢࡘࡵࡿ⬟ຊ㸪┦ᡭࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ⬟ຊࡸ┦ᡭࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᛮ࠺⬟ຊ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣឤᛶ

ࡸ᝟᧯ࡢⓎ㐩㸪♫఍ⓗ࡞⤒㦂ࡸᐇ⾜⬟ຊ㸪♫఍ⓗ࡞ᮇᚅࡸᙺ๭ࡢ⮬ぬ࡞࡝࡜ࡶ኱࠸࡟㛵ಀࡍ

ࡿ࡜ࡋ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㐨ᚨⓗ౯್ࡢ⮬ぬࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㐨ᚨᛶࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏࡿ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

࡞࠾㸪ලయⓗ࡟ࠗᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࠘࡟࡚ᑠᏛᰯ㸯㹼㸴ᖺ࡛ᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿලయⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱┠ᶆࢆ㸪⾲

㸯⁸ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦ࡢᖥ㛤ࡅ࡟㝿ࡋ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⅼ࡛ྜ⮴ࡋ㸪࡝

ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࡛┦㐪ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࠿㸪ࡲࡓ㸪Ᏹᐂ᫬௦ࢆព㆑ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪⌧≧ࡢ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞

ㄢ㢟ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿㸬ࡲࡎ㸪⌧≧ࡢ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄢ㢟ࢆᩚ⌮ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢㄢ㢟࡟ᑐࡋ㸪Ᏹ ᐂ᫬௦ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓሙྜ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ࠸㸬

68

⾲㸯㸸Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿㐨ᚨࠕෆᐜࠖ9

➨䠍Ꮫᖺཬ䜃➨䠎Ꮫᖺ㻌➨䠏Ꮫᖺཬ䜃➨䠐Ꮫᖺ㻌➨䠑Ꮫᖺཬ䜃➨䠒Ꮫᖺ㻌 䛻Ẽ䜢௜䛡䠈≀䜔㔠㖹䜢኱ษ 䛸 䜚䛤䜎䛛䛧䜢䛧䛯䜚䛧䛺䛔䛷䠈⣲

㻔㻝㻕⮬ศ䛷䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䛿⮬ศ䛷䜔䜚䠈⠇ᗘ䛾䛒 䜛⏕ά䜢䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻞㻕䜘䛟⪃䛘䛶⾜ື䛧䠈㐣䛱䛿⣲┤䛻ᨵ䜑䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻟㻕⮬ศ䛷䜔䜝䛖䛸Ỵ䜑䛯䛣䛸䛿䠈⢓䜚ᙉ䛟䜔䜚 㐙䛢䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻠㻕ṇ䛧䛔䛸ᛮ䛖䛣䛸䛿䠈ຬẼ䜢䜒䛳䛶⾜䛖䠊㻌 㻔㻡㻕ṇ┤䛻䠈᫂䜛䛔ᚰ䛷ඖẼ䜘䛟⏕ά䛩䜛䠊㻌

㻔㻝㻕⏕ά䜢᣺䜚㏉䜚䠈⠇ᗘ䜢Ᏺ䜚⠇ไ䛻ᚰ᥃䛡䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻞㻕䜘䜚㧗䛔┠ᶆ䜢❧䛶䠈ᕼᮃ䛸ຬẼ䜢䜒䛳䛶䛟䛨䛡䛺䛔䛷ດຊ䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻟㻕⮬⏤䜢኱ษ䛻䛧䠈つᚊ䛒䜛⾜ື䜢䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻠㻕ㄔᐇ䛻䠈᫂䜛䛔ᚰ䛷ᴦ䛧䛟⏕ά䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻡㻕┿⌮䜢኱ษ䛻䛧䠈㐍䜣䛷᪂䛧䛔䜒䛾䜢ồ䜑䠈ᕤኵ䛧䛶⏕ά䜢䜘䜚䜘䛟䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻢㻕⮬ศ䛾≉ᚩ䜢▱䛳䛶䠈ᝏ䛔ᡤ䜢ᨵ䜑䜘䛔ᡤ䜢✚ᴟⓗ䛻ఙ䜀䛩䠊㻌 䛻ឤㅰ䛩䜛䠊㻌

㻔㻝㻕♩൤䛾኱ษ䛥䜢▱䜚䠈䛰䜜䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䜒┿ᚰ 䜢䜒䛳䛶᥋䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻞㻕┦ᡭ䛾䛣䛸䜢ᛮ䛔䜔䜚䠈ぶษ䛻䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻟㻕཭㐩䛸஫䛔䛻⌮ゎ䛧䠈ಙ㢗䛧䠈ຓ䛡ྜ䛖䠊㻌 㻔㻠㻕⏕ά䜢ᨭ䛘䛶䛔䜛ே䚻䜔㧗㱋⪅䛻䠈ᑛᩗ 䛸ឤㅰ䛾Ẽᣢ䛱䜢䜒䛳䛶᥋䛩䜛䠊㻌

㻔㻝㻕᫬䛸ሙ䜢䜟䛝䜎䛘䛶䠈♩൤ṇ䛧䛟┿ᚰ䜢䜒䛳䛶᥋䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻞㻕䛰䜜䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䜒ᛮ䛔䜔䜚䛾ᚰ䜢䜒䛱䠈┦ᡭ䛾❧ሙ䛻❧䛳䛶ぶษ䛻䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻟㻕஫䛔䛻ಙ㢗䛧䠈Ꮫ䜃ྜ䛳䛶཭᝟䜢῝䜑䠈⏨ዪ௰䜘䛟༠ຊ䛧ຓ䛡ྜ䛖䠊㻌 㻔㻠㻕ㅬ⹫䛺ᚰ䜢䜒䛱䠈ᗈ䛔ᚰ䛷⮬ศ䛸␗䛺䜛ពぢ䜔❧ሙ䜢኱ษ䛻䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻡㻕᪥䚻䛾⏕ά䛜ே䚻䛾ᨭ䛘ྜ䛔䜔ຓ䛡ྜ䛔䛷ᡂ䜚❧䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛻ឤㅰ䛧䠈䛭䜜䛻 䛣䛯䛘䜛䠊㻌 ゐ䜜䠈䛩䛜䛩䛜䛧䛔ᚰ䜢䜒䛴䠊

㻔㻝㻕⮬↛䛾䛩䜀䜙䛧䛥䜔୙ᛮ㆟䛥䛻ឤື䛧䠈 ⮬↛䜔ື᳜≀䜢኱ษ䛻䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻞㻕⏕࿨䛾ᑛ䛥䜢ឤ䛨ྲྀ䜚䠈⏕࿨䛒䜛䜒䛾䜢኱ ษ䛻䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻟㻕⨾䛧䛔䜒䛾䜔Ẽ㧗䛔䜒䛾䛻ឤື䛩䜛ᚰ䜢 䜒䛴䠊㻌

㻔㻝㻕⮬↛䛾೧኱䛥䜢▱䜚䠈⮬↛⎔ቃ䜢኱ษ䛻䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻞㻕⏕࿨䛜䛛䛡䛜䛘䛾䛺䛔䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢▱䜚䠈⮬௚䛾⏕࿨䜢ᑛ㔜䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻟㻕⨾䛧䛔䜒䛾䛻ឤື䛩䜛ᚰ䜔ே㛫䛾ຊ䜢㉸䛘䛯䜒䛾䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⏽ᩗ䛾ᛕ䜢䜒䛴䠊㻌 䜢ᩗឡ䛧䠈㐍䜣䛷ᐙ䛾ᡭఏ䛔 ႐䜃䜢▱䜛䠊㻌

㻔㻝㻕⣙᮰䜔♫఍䛾䛝䜎䜚䜢Ᏺ䜚䠈බᚨᚰ䜢䜒 䛴䠊㻌 㻔㻞㻕ാ䛟䛣䛸䛾኱ษ䛥䜢▱䜚䠈㐍䜣䛷ാ䛟䠊㻌 㻔㻟㻕∗ẕ䠈♽∗ẕ䜢ᩗឡ䛧䠈ᐙ᪘䜏䜣䛺䛷༠ ຊ䛧ྜ䛳䛶ᴦ䛧䛔ᐙᗞ䜢䛴䛟䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻠㻕ඛ⏕䜔Ꮫᰯ䛾ே䚻䜢ᩗឡ䛧䠈䜏䜣䛺䛷༠ ຊ䛧ྜ䛳䛶ᴦ䛧䛔Ꮫ⣭䜢䛴䛟䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻡㻕㒓ᅵ䛾ᩥ໬䛸ఏ⤫䜢኱ษ䛻䛧䠈㒓ᅵ䜢ឡ 䛩䜛ᚰ䜢䜒䛴䠊㻌 㻔㻢㻕ᡃ䛜ᅜ䛾ᩥ໬䛸ఏ⤫䛻ぶ䛧䜏䠈ᅜ䜢ឡ䛩 䜛ᚰ䜢䜒䛴䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈እᅜ䛾ே䚻䜔ᩥ໬䛻㛵 ᚰ䜢䜒䛴䠊㻌 㻔㻝㻕㌟㏆䛺㞟ᅋ䛻㐍䜣䛷ཧຍ䛧䠈⮬ศ䛾ᙺ๭䜢⮬ぬ䛧䠈༠ຊ䛧䛶୺యⓗ䛻㈐௵䜢ᯝ䛯 䛩䠊㻌 㻔㻞㻕බᚨᚰ䜢䜒䛳䛶ἲ䜔䛝䜎䜚䜢Ᏺ䜚䠈⮬௚䛾ᶒ฼䜢኱ษ䛻䛧㐍䜣䛷⩏ົ䜢ᯝ䛯䛩䠊㻌 㻔㻟㻕䛰䜜䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䜒ᕪู䛩䜛䛣䛸䜔೫ぢ䜢䜒䛴䛣䛸䛺䛟බṇ䠈බᖹ䛻䛧䠈ṇ⩏䛾ᐇ⌧䛻 ດ䜑䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻠㻕ാ䛟䛣䛸䛾ព⩏䜢⌮ゎ䛧䠈♫఍䛻ዊ௙䛩䜛႐䜃䜢▱䛳䛶බඹ䛾䛯䜑䛻ᙺ䛻❧ 䜢䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻡㻕∗ẕ䠈♽∗ẕ䜢ᩗឡ䛧䠈ᐙ᪘䛾ᖾ䛫䜢ồ䜑䛶䠈㐍䜣䛷ᙺ䛻❧䛴䛣䛸䜢䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻢㻕ඛ⏕䜔Ꮫᰯ䛾ே䚻䜈䛾ᩗឡ䜢῝䜑䠈䜏䜣䛺䛷༠ຊ䛧ྜ䛔䜘䜚䜘䛔ᰯ㢼䜢䛴䛟䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻣㻕㒓ᅵ䜔ᡃ䛜ᅜ䛾ᩥ໬䛸ఏ⤫䜢኱ษ䛻䛧䠈ඛே䛾ດຊ䜢▱䜚䠈㒓ᅵ䜔ᅜ䜢ឡ䛩䜛ᚰ 䜢䜒䛴䠊㻌 㻔㻤㻕እᅜ䛾ே䚻䜔ᩥ໬䜢኱ษ䛻䛩䜛ᚰ䜢䜒䛱䠈᪥ᮏே䛸䛧䛶䛾⮬ぬ䜢䜒䛳䛶ୡ⏺䛾 ே䚻䛸ぶၿ䛻ດ䜑䜛䠊㻌

㸰㸬ࠗᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࠘࡟ぢࡿ⌧௦ࡢ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟ྥࡅࡓㄢ㢟

㸯࡛ぢࡓ㏻ࡾ㸪Ꮫᰯ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡣ㸪ࠕே㛫࡜ࡋ࡚ࠖࠕே㛫ࡽࡋࡉࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ๓ ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ࠕே㛫࡜ࡋ࡚ࠖࠕே㛫ࡽࡋࡉࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ே㛫ࡣࠕࡼࡾࡼ࠸⏕ࡁ᪉ࢆ┠

ᣦࡍࠖࡶࡢࡔ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࡶ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺ࠕࡼࡾࡼ࠸⏕ࡁ᪉ࠖ࡜ࡣ㸪ࠗᏛ⩦ᣦᑟ せ㡿࠘ⓗ࡟ぢࢀࡤࠕၿᝏࡢ༊ูࡀࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿ㸪ேࢆᛮ࠸ࡸࡿẼᣢࡕࡸྥୖᚰࢆࡶࡗ࡚⏕ࡁࡿ

⏕ࡁ᪉ࠖ࡜ᩚ⌮࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ࠕே㛫࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࡼࡾࡼ࠸⏕ࡁ᪉ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ෆᐜ࡬ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵ

ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࠗᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࠘࡟࡚ᑠᏛᰯ㸯㹼㸴ᖺ࡛ᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿලయⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱┠ᶆࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡃ ࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿ㸦⾲㸯㸧㸬

⾲㸯ࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ᶆࡣ㸪ᶓ㍈ࡢ㸲ࡘࠕ⮬ศࠖࠕ௚ࡢேࠖࠕ⮬↛ࡸᓫ㧗࡞ࡶࡢࠖࠕ㞟 ᅋࡸ♫఍࡜ࡢ࠿࠿ࢃࡾࠖࢆ㍈࡜ࡋ㸪㸰Ꮫᖺࡈ࡜࡟ẁ㝵ⓗ࡟┠ᶆࡀ῝໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᑠᏛᰯ㸴ᖺ 㛫࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡀࡵࡊࡍ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ጼ࡛࠶ࡿ➨㸳Ꮫᖺཬࡧ➨㸴Ꮫᖺࡢ┠ᶆࢆ୰ᚰ࡟᳨ウ

ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿ㸬ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᶓ㍈ࡢࠕձ⮬ศࠖࠕղ௚ࡢேࠖࠕճ⮬↛ࡸᓫ㧗࡞ࡶࡢࠖ

ࠕմ㞟ᅋࡸ♫఍࡜ࡢ࠿࠿ࢃࡾࠖࡢྛᩍ⫱┠ᶆ࡟㛵ࡋ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟࡝ࡢ

ࡼ࠺࡞Ⅼࢆ᳨ウࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿ࢆὙ࠸ฟࡍࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿ㸬

ձࠕ⮬ศࠖ

㻔㻝㻕⏕ά䜢᣺䜚㏉䜚䠈⠇ᗘ䜢Ᏺ䜚⠇ไ䛻ᚰ᥃䛡䜛䠊㻌

㻔㻞㻕䜘䜚㧗䛔┠ᶆ䜢❧䛶䠈ᕼᮃ䛸ຬẼ䜢䜒䛳䛶䛟䛨䛡䛺䛔䛷ດຊ䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻟㻕⮬⏤䜢኱ษ䛻䛧䠈つᚊ䛒䜛⾜ື䜢䛩䜛䠊㻌

㻔㻠㻕ㄔᐇ䛻䠈᫂䜛䛔ᚰ䛷ᴦ䛧䛟⏕ά䛩䜛䠊㻌

㻔㻡㻕┿⌮䜢኱ษ䛻䛧䠈㐍䜣䛷᪂䛧䛔䜒䛾䜢ồ䜑䠈ᕤኵ䛧䛶⏕ά䜢䜘䜚䜘䛟䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻢㻕⮬ศ䛾≉ᚩ䜢▱䛳䛶䠈ᝏ䛔ᡤ䜢ᨵ䜑䜘䛔ᡤ䜢✚ᴟⓗ䛻ఙ䜀䛩䠊㻌

ୖグ㡯┠࡟㛵ࡋ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ḟࡢⅬࡢ᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ㸬

࣭⠇ᗘࡸ⠇ไ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠕᗘࢆ㉺ࡉ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ඹ㏻ࡍࡿࡀ㸪ࠕᗘࠖࡢᇶ‽ࡣࡑࡢ᫬

௦ࡢᩥ໬ࡸ⤒῭ⓗ⫼ᬒࡀ኱ࡁࡃ཯ᫎࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣᏱᐂ᫬௦࡟࠾࠸

࡚ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕᇶ‽ࠖࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬

࣭ࠕ⮬⏤ࢆ኱ษ࡟ࡋࠖࡘࡘࡶࠕつᚊ࠶ࡿ⾜ືࠖࢆồࡵ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪▩┪࡟‶ࡕࡓ┠ᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᐇ 㝿࡟ࡣࠕ⮬⏤ࠖ࡜ࠕつᚊࠖ࡜ࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫឤࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢⅬ࡟

ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡸࡣࡾࡑࡢ᫬௦ࡢᩥ໬ࡸ⤒῭ⓗ⫼ᬒࡀ኱ࡁࡃ཯ᫎࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸬

ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࡇࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫឤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᤊ࠼ᚓࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬

࣭ࠕ┿⌮ࢆ኱ษ࡟ࡋࠖࡘࡘࡶࠕ㐍ࢇ࡛᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࢆồࡵࠖࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪Ᏹᐂࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᮍ

▱࡞㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ┿⌮ࠖ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚Ᏹᐂࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᖖ࡟᪂ࡋ࠸ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡀ᭦᪂ࡉࢀࡿ≧ἣ࡛

ࡢࠕ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࠖࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠕᕤኵࠖࡋ㸪ࠕ⏕άࠖ࡟཯ᫎࡉࡏᚓࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬

ղࠕ௚ࡢேࠖ

㻔㻝㻕᫬䛸ሙ䜢䜟䛝䜎䛘䛶䠈♩൤ṇ䛧䛟┿ᚰ䜢䜒䛳䛶᥋䛩䜛䠊㻌

㻔㻞㻕䛰䜜䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䜒ᛮ䛔䜔䜚䛾ᚰ䜢䜒䛱䠈┦ᡭ䛾❧ሙ䛻❧䛳䛶ぶษ䛻䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻟㻕஫䛔䛻ಙ㢗䛧䠈Ꮫ䜃ྜ䛳䛶཭᝟䜢῝䜑䠈⏨ዪ௰䜘䛟༠ຊ䛧ຓ䛡ྜ䛖䠊㻌 㻔㻠㻕ㅬ⹫䛺ᚰ䜢䜒䛱䠈ᗈ䛔ᚰ䛷⮬ศ䛸␗䛺䜛ពぢ䜔❧ሙ䜢኱ษ䛻䛩䜛䠊㻌

㻔㻡㻕᪥䚻䛾⏕ά䛜ே䚻䛾ᨭ䛘ྜ䛔䜔ຓ䛡ྜ䛔䛷ᡂ䜚❧䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛻ឤㅰ䛧䠈䛭䜜䛻䛣䛯䛘䜛䠊㻌

ୖグ㡯┠࡟㛵ࡋ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ḟࡢⅬࡢ᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ㸬

࣭௒ࡢᆅ⌫࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ᫬࡜ሙࠖࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡜㸪Ᏹᐂ඲యࢆᤊ࠼ࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࡢ᫬࡜ሙࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡜࡛

ࡣ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿ㸬Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࠕ᫬࡜ሙࢆࢃࡁࡲ࠼ࠖࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿㸬

࣭Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟ྥࡅ࡚㸪ࠕࡔࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶᛮ࠸ࡸࡾࡢᚰࠖࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬 Ᏹᐂࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᮍ▱࡛ࣜࢫࢡࡢక࠺ࡶࡢࢆ┠ࡢ๓࡟ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟㸪ࠕࡔࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶᛮ࠸ࡸ

ࡾࡢᚰࠖࢆࡶࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪඲ဨࡀ༴㝤࡞≧ែ࡟㝗ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪㐨 ᚨⓗ࡟ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ุ᩿ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬

࣭ࠕㅬ⹫࡞ᚰࠖࡣᏱᐂ᫬௦࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟཯ᫎࡉࢀࡿ࠿㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ࠕ⮬ศ࡜␗࡞ࡿពぢࡸ❧ሙࢆ

኱ษ࡟ࡍࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࡀᏱᐂ᫬௦࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬

ճࠕ⮬↛ࡸᓫ㧗࡞ࡶࡢࠖ

㻔㻝㻕⮬↛䛾೧኱䛥䜢▱䜚䠈⮬↛⎔ቃ䜢኱ษ䛻䛩䜛䠊㻌

㻔㻞㻕⏕࿨䛜䛛䛡䛜䛘䛾䛺䛔䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢▱䜚䠈⮬௚䛾⏕࿨䜢ᑛ㔜䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻟㻕⨾䛧䛔䜒䛾䛻ឤື䛩䜛ᚰ䜔ே㛫䛾ຊ䜢㉸䛘䛯䜒䛾䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⏽ᩗ䛾ᛕ䜢䜒䛴㸬

ୖグ㡯┠࡟㛵ࡋ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ḟࡢⅬࡢ᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ㸬

࣭ࠕ⮬↛ࡢ೧኱ࡉࠖ㸪ࠕ⮬↛⎔ቃࠖ㸪ࡇࢀ࡟ࠕᏱᐂࠖࡶຍ࠼ࡓሙྜ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡛

࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸪ࡇࡢⅬࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬

࣭௒ࡣᆅ⌫ୖࡢࠕ⏕࿨ࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟᪂ࡓ࡞ࠕ⏕࿨ࠖ㸦▱ⓗ⏕࿨࡜㝈

ࡽࡎ࡜ࡶᚤ⏕≀ࡸ᳜≀࡞࡝ᆅ⌫ୖ࡟ᒓࡉ࡞࠸⏕࿨㸧ࡀⓎぢࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ୰㸪ࡇ

ࢀࡲ࡛ฟ఍ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞࠸ࠕ⏕࿨ࠖࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡃ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬

࣭Ᏹᐂ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡯ࡰࡍ࡭࡚ࡀࠕே㛫ࡢຊࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ Ᏹᐂ࡟ࠕ⏽ᩗࡢᛕࢆࡶࡘࠖࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬

մࠕ㞟ᅋࡸ♫఍࡜ࡢ࠿࠿ࢃࡾࠖ

㻔㻝㻕㌟㏆䛺㞟ᅋ䛻㐍䜣䛷ཧຍ䛧䠈⮬ศ䛾ᙺ๭䜢⮬ぬ䛧䠈༠ຊ䛧䛶୺యⓗ䛻㈐௵䜢ᯝ䛯䛩䠊㻌 㻔㻞㻕බᚨᚰ䜢䜒䛳䛶ἲ䜔䛝䜎䜚䜢Ᏺ䜚䠈⮬௚䛾ᶒ฼䜢኱ษ䛻䛧㐍䜣䛷⩏ົ䜢ᯝ䛯䛩䠊㻌

㻔㻟㻕䛰䜜䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䜒ᕪู䛩䜛䛣䛸䜔೫ぢ䜢䜒䛴䛣䛸䛺䛟බṇ䠈බᖹ䛻䛧䠈ṇ⩏䛾ᐇ⌧䛻ດ䜑䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻠㻕ാ䛟䛣䛸䛾ព⩏䜢⌮ゎ䛧䠈♫఍䛻ዊ௙䛩䜛႐䜃䜢▱䛳䛶බඹ䛾䛯䜑䛻ᙺ䛻❧䛴䛣䛸䜢䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻔㻡㻕∗ẕ䠈♽∗ẕ䜢ᩗឡ䛧䠈ᐙ᪘䛾ᖾ䛫䜢ồ䜑䛶䠈㐍䜣䛷ᙺ䛻❧䛴䛣䛸䜢䛩䜛䠊㻌

㻔㻢㻕ඛ⏕䜔Ꮫᰯ䛾ே䚻䜈䛾ᩗឡ䜢῝䜑䠈䜏䜣䛺䛷༠ຊ䛧ྜ䛔䜘䜚䜘䛔ᰯ㢼䜢䛴䛟䜛䠊㻌

㻔㻣㻕㒓ᅵ䜔ᡃ䛜ᅜ䛾ᩥ໬䛸ఏ⤫䜢኱ษ䛻䛧䠈ඛே䛾ດຊ䜢▱䜚䠈㒓ᅵ䜔ᅜ䜢ឡ䛩䜛ᚰ䜢䜒䛴䠊㻌 㻔㻤㻕እᅜ䛾ே䚻䜔ᩥ໬䜢኱ษ䛻䛩䜛ᚰ䜢䜒䛱䠈᪥ᮏே䛸䛧䛶䛾⮬ぬ䜢䜒䛳䛶ୡ⏺䛾ே䚻䛸ぶၿ䛻ດ 䜑䜛䠊㻌

ୖグ㡯┠࡟㛵ࡋ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ḟࡢⅬࡢ᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ㸬

࣭ࠕ㌟㏆࡞㞟ᅋ࡟㐍ࢇ࡛ཧຍࠖࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ

࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬ࡲࡓᏱᐂ᫬௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ⮬ศࡢᙺ๭ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺

࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬

࣭Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ⮬௚ࡢᶒ฼ࠖ࡜ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿㸬

࣭ࠕṇ⩏ࡢᐇ⌧࡛ࠖ࠸࠺ࠕṇ⩏ࠖ࡜ࡣఱ࠿㸬௒ࡢ᫬௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕṇ⩏ࠖ࡜Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

ࠕṇ⩏ࠖ࡜ࡀඹ᭷࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿㸬

࣭Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕ㒓ᅵࡸᅜࢆឡࡍࡿᚰࢆࡶࡘࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࠕ᪥ᮏே࡜ࡋ࡚

ࡢ⮬ぬࠖࢆࡶࡘ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡜㸪ࠕእᅜࡢேࠎࡸᩥ໬ࢆ኱ษ࡟ࡍࡿࠖࠕୡ⏺ࡢேࠎ࡜ぶၿ ࡟ດࡵࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ඹᏑࡉࡏᚓࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬

௨ୖ㸪ࠕձ⮬ศࠖࠕղ௚ࡢேࠖࠕճ⮬↛ࡸᓫ㧗࡞ࡶࡢࠖࠕմ㞟ᅋࡸ♫఍࡜ࡢ࠿࠿ࢃࡾࠖࡢほⅬ

࠿ࡽ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟᳨ウࡍ࡭ࡁㄢ㢟ࢆᥖࡆࡓ㸬

ࡇࢀࡽࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ᨵࡵ࡚㸪᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࠖࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࠺࠼࡛㸪

᳨ウࡍ࡭ࡁ㡯┠ࢆḟ࣮࣌ࢪ࡛ᩚ⌮ࡍࡿ㸬

ձࠕᮍ▱࡞ࡿᏱᐂࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウ

࣭Ᏹᐂࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᮍ▱࡞㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ┿⌮ࠖ࡜ḟࠎ࡟᭦᪂ࡉࢀࡿࠕࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࠖ࡬ࡢᑐฎ ࣭ࠕ⮬↛⎔ቃࠖࠕ⮬↛ࡢ೧኱ࡉࠖ࡟ࠕᏱᐂࠖࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪

࣭ᆅ⌫እࡢࠕ⏕࿨ࠖ࡬ࡢᑐฎ

࣭ࠕே㛫ࡢຊࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡶࡢࠖࠕᏱᐂࠖ࡟⏽ᩗࡢᛕࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜ࡢព࿡

ղࠕᇶ‽ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウ

࣭ࠕᗘࢆ㉺ࡉ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡁࡢࠕᗘࠖࠕ⮬⏤ࠖ࡜㸪ࠕつᚊࠖࢆ୧❧ࡉࡏᚓࡿࣂࣛࣥࢫឤ㸪 ࠕṇ⩏ࠖࠕᛮ࠸ࡸࡾࡢᚰࠖࠕㅬ⹫࡞ᚰࠖ࡞࡝ࢆつᐃࡍࡿࠕᇶ‽ࠖࡢ᳨ウ

࣭ࠕ⮬௚ࡢᶒ฼ࠖࡸࠕ⮬ศࡢᙺ๭ࠖࢆつᐃࡍࡿࠕᇶ‽ࠖࡢ᳨ウ

ճࠕឡᅜᚰࠖ࡜ࠕከᵝᛶ㸦ࢲ࢖ࣂ࣮ࢩࢸ࢕㸧ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウ

࣭Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟ࠕ㒓ᅵࡸᅜࢆឡࡍࡿᚰࢆࡶࡘࠖࠕ᪥ᮏே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⮬ぬࢆࡶࡘࠖࡇ࡜ࡢព࿡

࣭ࠕእᅜࡢேࠎࡸᩥ໬ࢆ኱ษ࡟ࡍࡿࠖࠕୡ⏺ࡢேࠎ࡜ぶၿ࡟ດࡵࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࡢព࿡

௨ୖ㸪ࠗᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࠘࡟ᥖࡆࡽࢀࡿ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡀࡵࡊࡍጼ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟᝿ᐃ ࡉࢀࡿㄢ㢟ࢆᩚ⌮ࡋࡓ㸬

ḟ❶ࡼࡾ㸪ୖグ㸱Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ㐍ࡵ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟ྥࡅ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄢ㢟ࡀ᝿ᐃ ࡉࢀࡿ࠿᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿ㸬

㸱㸬᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦ࢆព㆑ࡋࡓ᳨ウ

๓❶࡛኱ࡁࡃ㸱ࡘ࡟ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓ᳨ウ஦㡯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼

ᚓࡿࡢ࠿᳨ウࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿ㸬

ࡑࡢ๓࡟㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶ᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫬௦࡛࠶ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ㸬

2011

1957

ࢫࣉ࣮ࢺࢽࢡ㸯ྕ㸦ᪧࢯ㐃㸧ࡀᡴࡕୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠿ࡽ

54

ேᕤ⾨ᫍࡣḞ࠿ࡏ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬᭱ࡶ㌟㏆࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠸࠼ࡤẼ㇟⾨࡛ᫍ࠶ࡾ㸪Ᏹᐂ࠿ࡽ⤯࠼

㛫࡞ࡃ㞼ࡸᆅ⾲࡞࡝ࡢ ᗘศᕸࢆほ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ኳẼணሗࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᢏ

⾡ࡢ㐍ᒎ࡟క࠸㸪ኳẼணሗࡢ⢭ᗘࡣ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᡃࠎࡢ᪥ᖖ⏕άࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪⯪⯧ࡸ⯟✵

ᶵࡢᏳ඲࡞⯟⾜ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᙺ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

ࡲࡓ

1961

50

㐣ࡋ㸪௒࡛ࡣ㧗ᗘ⣙

400km

ISS㸦ᅜ㝿Ᏹᐂࢫࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸧࡛㛗ᮇᅾࡶ࡛ࡁࡿ

ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ேࡀᏱᐂ࡟⾜ࡃࡇ࡜࡟኱ࡁ࡞㦫ࡁࢆឤࡌ࡞࠸᫬௦࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ࡯ࢇ

ࡢ

50

50

2011

6

7

ࢵࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ㸪ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡢ❧ⰼ㝯Ặࢆ㏄࠼࡚ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࢆ㛤ദࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ

࡜ࡁ㸪❧ⰼẶࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞㊃᪨࡛

50

ே㢮ࡀᏱᐂ㐍ฟࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ㸪ᡃࠎே㢮ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ព㆑ኚ໬ࢆయ㦂ࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢព㆑ኚ໬࡜

ࡣ㸪ࠕ㟷࠸ᆅ⌫ࡢጼࠖࢆᏱᐂ࠿ࡽぢࡓࡇ࡜࡟ᣐࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬௒࠿ࡽ

50

1961

࡜ゝࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࠕᆅ⌫ࡣ㟷࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢព࿡ࢆ㸪ࡑࡢᙜ᫬ࡣࡔࢀࡶࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬

௒ࡢᆅ⌫൤ࡣ㟷࠸ࡀ㸪⚾ࡢ᫬௦ࡢᆅ⌫ࡀᅵⰍ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸬

ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢᚋ㸪Ᏹᐂ㣕⾜ኈࡢⓎゝࡸ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࢆ㏻ࡋࡓᆅ⌫ࡢᫎീ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᡃࠎࡣᙜࡓࡾ๓ ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠕ㟷࠸ᆅ⌫ࡢጼࠖࢆඹ᭷ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࠕ㟷࠸ᆅ⌫ࡢጼࠖࢆඹ᭷ࡋࡓࡇ࡜㸪ࡇࢀࡀ࠶ࡢ

⤊ࢃࡽ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺⡿ࢯࡢ෭ᡓࢆ⤊⤖ࡉࡏࡓ㸬ᡃࠎࡢ᫬௦ࡢே㛫ࡣ㸪࠶ࡢ෭ᡓࡣ⤯ᑐ࡟⤊ࢃ

ࡽ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Ᏹᐂ㣕⾜ኈࡀࠕᏱᐂ࠿ࡽᆅ⌫ࢆぢࡿ࡜ᅜቃ⥺ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ

ࠕᆅ⌫ࡣ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ᐇឤࡋ㸪ᡃࠎ࡟ఏ࠼ࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪࠶ࡢ෭ᡓࢆ⤊ࢃࡽࡏࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࠕ㟷࠸ᆅ⌫ࡢጼࠖ㸪ࡇࢀࡀே㢮࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢඹ㏻య㦂࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡀே㢮ࡢᏱᐂ㐍ฟ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

ึࡵ࡚ࡢព㆑ኚ໬࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

ࡇࡢ❧ⰼẶࡢㄒࡾࡣ㸪ᙼࡢⴭ᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠗᏱᐂ࠿ࡽࡢᖐ㑏࠘࡟グ㏙ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᏱᐂ㣕⾜ኈࡢ ゝⴥ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬❧ⰼẶࡢゝⴥࢆࡼࡾ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ලయⓗ࡟ᗄࡘ࠿ᣲࡆ࡚ࡳࡿ

ࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿ㸬

࣭࢔࣏ࣟ

15

Ᏹᐂ㣕⾜ኈࡓࡕࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟⊂≉ࡢయ㦂ࢆࡋࡓ࠿ࡽ㸪⊂≉ࡢ⢭⚄ⓗ࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺࢆཷࡅࡓ㸬 ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢேࡀࡼࡾᗈ࠸ど㔝ࡢࡶ࡜࡟ୡ⏺ࢆぢࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪᪂ࡋ࠸

ࣅࢪࣙࣥࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔ㸬⚾ࡣ࣑ࢧ࢖ࣝࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡔࡗࡓࡀ㸪࠸ࡲࡢ㉸኱ᅜࡢ㌷஦ⓗ

ᑐ❧ࢆ࡜࡚ࡶᝒࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࢯ㐃ࡢ⬣ጾ࡜࠸࠺ࡀ㸪ࢯ㐃ࡶ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⬣

ጾࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࠾஫࠸࡟⬣ጾࢆ୚࠼࠶࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇࡢ㛵ಀࡢᗏ࡟࠶ࡿࡢࡣ㸪⤖ᒁࡢ࡜ࡇࢁほ ᛕⓗᑐ❧࡞ࡢࡔ㸬┠ⓗࢆ␗࡟ࡍࡿほᛕయ⣔ࢆ࠾஫࠸࡟ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛㸪ୡ⏺୰ࡢ୙

ᖾ࡞ேࠎࢆ඲㒊ᩆ῭ࡋ࡚࠶ࡲࡾ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᕧ㢠࡞㈨㔠ࢆᢞࡌ࡚㸪࠾஫࠸ࢆẅࡋྜ࠺‽ഛࢆ↓

㝈࡟✚ࡳ㔜ࡡ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇࡢ⌧≧ࡣᝒࡋࡴ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜ࡔ㸬㸦୰␎㸧ே㛫ࡣࡳ࡞ྠࡌᆅ⌫ே࡞

ࢇࡔ㸬ᅜࡀࡕࡀ࠸㸪✀᪘ࡀࡕࡀ࠸㸪⫙ࡢⰍࡀࡕࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡼ࠺࡜㸪ࡳ࡞ྠࡌᆅ⌫ே࡞ࢇࡔ㸬᭱

ప㝈ᗘࡇࢀࡔࡅࡣ▱ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡡ㸬

࣭࢔࣏ࣟ

7

║ୗ࡟ᆅ⌫ࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡡ㸪࠸ࡲ⌧࡟㸪ࡇࡢ࡝ࡇ࠿࡛ே㛫࡜ே㛫ࡀ㡿ᅵࡸ㸪࢖ࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮

ࡢࡓࡵ࡟⾑ࢆὶࡋྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ㸪࡯ࢇ࡜࡟ಙࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡃࡽ࠸ࣂ࢝ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠼

࡚ࡃࡿ㸬࠸ࡸ㸪࡯ࢇ࡜࡟ࣂ࢝ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ኌࢆࡓ࡚࡚➗࠸ฟࡋࡓࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ࡑࢀࡣࣂ࢝࡞ࡇ࡜

࡞ࢇࡔ㸬

࣭࢔࣏ࣟ

7

Ᏹᐂ࠿ࡽぢࡿ࡜ᅜቃ࡞ࢇ࡚࡝ࡇ࡟ࡶ࡞࠸㸬ᅜቃ࡞ࢇ࡚ࡶࡢࡣ㸪ே㛫ࡀᨻ἞ⓗ⌮⏤ࡔࡅ࡛຾

ᡭ࡟సࡾࡔࡋࡓࡔࡅࡢ㸪ࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢࡔ㸬Ᏹᐂ࠿ࡽ⮬↛ࡢࡲࡲࡢᆅ⌫ࢆぢ

࡚࠸ࡿ࡜㸪ᅜቃ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ࠸࠿࡟୙⮬↛࡛ேⅭⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡀࡼࡃࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀ࡞ࡢ

࡟㸪ࡑࢀࢆࡣࡉࢇ࡛㸪Ẹ᪘ྠኈࡀᑐ❧ࡋྜ࠸㸪ᡓⅆࢆࡲࡌ࠼㸪ẅࡋྜ࠺㸬ࡇࢀࡣᝒࡋࡃࡶࣂ

࢝ࡆࡓࡇ࡜ࡔ㸬⚾ࡣ㌷ே࡜ࡋ࡚⏕ࡁ࡚ࡁࡓே㛫ࡔ࠿ࡽ㸦ᮅ㩭ᡓதࢆ⌧࡟ᡓࡗࡓ㸧㸪࡝ࡢᡓத

࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᡓத࡟ࡣᡓத࡟࠸ࡓࡿᨻ἞ⓗṔྐⓗ⌮⏤ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡑ࠺⡆༢࡟ࡣᡓதࡀ࡞࠸

᫬௦ࡀࡇࡢᆅ⌫࡟ゼࢀࡑ࠺࡟࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢㄆ㆑ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ࡞࠾࠿

ࡘ㸪Ᏹᐂ࠿ࡽࡇࡢ⨾ࡋ࠸ᆅ⌫ࢆ═ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ᆅ⌫ேྠኈࡀ┦த࠸㸪┦ᡓ࠸ྜࡗ࡚࠸

ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪࡞ࢇ࡜ࡶᝒࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ᛮ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࡢࡔ㸬࡝ࢇ࡞࡟ᡓࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪࠾஫࠸ㄡࡶࡇ ࡢᆅ⌫ࡢእ࡟ฟ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬

࣭࢔࣏ࣟ

10

➨୍࡟㸪Ᏹᐂ࡟ฟࡿ࡜㸪ᆅ⌫ୖ࡛ࡢᅜᐙ㛫ࡢᑐ❧ᢠதࡀ࠸࠿࡟ࣂ࢝ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ㄆ㆑

ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚➨஧࡟㸪Ᏹᐂ⎔ቃࡢཝࡋࡉࡀ㸪Ᏹᐂ࡟㐍ฟࡋࡓே㛫ྠኈࢆ┦஫౫Ꮡࡉࡏ

ࡿ᪉ྥ࡟ാࡁ㸪Ᏹᐂ࡛ࡣẅࡋྜ࠸ࡼࡾຓࡅྜ࠸ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀᚲせࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࡍࡄ࡟ࢃ࠿ࡿ࠿

ࡽࡔ㸬

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ᏹᐂ࡟⾜ࡗࡓᏱᐂ㣕⾜ኈ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ᭶࡟ࡲ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚୸࠸ᆅ⌫ࢆぢࡓᏱᐂ㣕⾜ኈ ࡢከࡃ࡟ࠕᆅ⌫ࡣ୍ࡘࠖࠕᏱᐂ࠿ࡽぢࢀࡤᅜቃ⥺ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព㆑ࡀⱆ⏕࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᡃࠎ

ே㢮࡛᭶࡟ࡲ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚୸࠸ᆅ⌫ࢆぢࡓே㛫ࡣ

24

12

ேࡋ࠿࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓయ㦂ࢆࡶࡘᙼࡽࡢゝⴥࡣ㔜࠸㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ௒࡛ࡣᆅ⌫ࡢᫎീࢆぢࡿࡇ

࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀຍࢃࡾ㸪ᡃࠎே㢮ࡣࠕᆅ⌫ࡣ୍ࡘࠖࠕᏱᐂ࠿ࡽぢࢀࡤᅜቃ⥺

ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ඹ㏻ព㆑ࡀⱆ⏕࠼ࡓࡢࡔ࡜❧ⰼẶࡣ㏙࡭ࡓ㸬

ࡑࡋ࡚㸪❧ⰼẶࡣἈ⦖ࡢᆅ࡛ࡉࡽ࡟ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞㊃᪨࡛ヰࢆ⥆ࡅࡓ㸬

௒㸪ࡲࡓḟࡢព㆑ኚ໬ࡀ㉳ࡁࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡣࢣࣉ࣮ࣛᏱᐂᮃ㐲㙾ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⢭ᗘࡢ 㧗࠸ᮃ㐲㙾ࡀ㸪ᆅ⌫௨እ࡟ᒓࡍࡿ⏕࿨యࢆⓎぢࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᡃࠎே㛫 ࡣࡇࡢᗈ࠸Ᏹᐂࡢ୰࡛Ꮩ⊂࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪௚࡟⏕࿨ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆぢࡘࡅࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ ฟ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡶࡕࢁࢇࡍࡄ࡟ぢࡘ࠿ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡶࡋᆅ⌫௨እࡢ௚ࡢሙᡤ࡟⏕࿨ࡀ࠶ࡿ

࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀぢࡘ࠿ࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࢀࡣே㛫࡟࡜ࡗ࡚኱ࡁ࡞ព㆑ኚ໬ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬

❧ⰼẶࡢ୺ᙇࡣ㸪ࡇࡢඛ㸪ࠕᆅ⌫௨እࡢሙᡤ࡟⏕࿨ࡀⓎぢࡉࢀࡿࠖࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࠕᆅ⌫ࡣ୍

ࡘࠖࠕᏱᐂ࠿ࡽぢࢀࡤᅜቃ⥺ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ኚࢃࡿ኱ࡁ࡞ព㆑ኚ㠉ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ࡜࠸࠺

ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

ᐇ㝿࡟㸪ᆅ⌫௨እࡢሙᡤ࡟⏕࿨ࡀⓎぢࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡋࡓࡽ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព㆑ኚ㠉ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡢ࡛

࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬ࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚๓❶࡛ᥖࡆࡓࠕձࠗᮍ▱࡞ࡿᏱᐂ࠘࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウࠖ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࡛

⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿ㸬

ձࠕᮍ▱࡞ࡿᏱᐂࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウ

࣭Ᏹᐂࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᮍ▱࡞㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ┿⌮ࠖ࡜ḟࠎ࡟᭦᪂ࡉࢀࡿࠕࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࠖ࡬ࡢᑐฎ ࣭ࠕ⮬↛⎔ቃࠖࠕ⮬↛ࡢ೧኱ࡉࠖ࡟ࠕᏱᐂࠖࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪

࣭ᆅ⌫እࡢࠕ⏕࿨ࠖ࡬ࡢᑐฎ

࣭ࠕே㛫ࡢຊࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡶࡢࠖࠕᏱᐂࠖ࡟⏽ᩗࡢᛕࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜ࡢព࿡

ࡇࡢⅬ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᮍࡔⓎぢࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸௨ୖ㸪SF࡛ࡢ᳨ウࡋ࠿᝿ᐃࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ࡋ࠿

ࡋ㸪SFࡀே㛫࡟ࠕ㦫ࡁࠖࡸࠕᜍࢀࠖ࡞࡝ࡢឤ᝟ࢆ㉳ࡇࡉࡏࡿෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࢀࡤ㸪 ᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦ࡀே㛫࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព㆑ኚ㠉ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ཧ⪃࡟ࡣ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪 㐣ཤࡢ

SF

ᥖࡆ࡚ࡳࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿ㸬

ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᫎ⏬༠఍ࡀ

2008

SF

10

3

ࡢసရࢆཧ⪃࡟㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ᥥ࠿ࢀࡿᥥ෗ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿ㸬

1

2

3

ࡲࡎ㸪ࠗ2001ᖺᏱᐂࡢ᪑࠘ࡣ㸪Ᏹᐂᫎ⏬࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ᭱ࡶྂࡃ᭱ࡶᐃ␒࡜࠸࠼ࡿᫎ⏬࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ࡇࡢᫎ⏬࡛ᥥ෗ࡉࢀࡓᆅ⌫እ⏕࿨࡟㐼㐝ࡋࡓே㛫ࡢឤ᝟ࡸ⾜ືࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚

࠼ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬

ࣔࣀࣜࢫ࡜࠸࠺ᆅ⌫እ▱ⓗ⏕࿨యࡢ㐨ලࢆⓎぢࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿࡀ㸪ᥥ෗࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪 ᡃࠎᆅ⌫ேࡀ௚ࡢᝨᫍࡢఱ⪅࠿࠿ࡽࡢᣮᡓࢆཷࡅࡓึࡵ࡚ࡢฟ᮶஦࡜ࡋ࡚ᥥ࠿ࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ⬣ጾ

ࡸᜍᛧ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᥥ෗ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ே㛫࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㸪ᆅ⌫እ▱ⓗ⏕࿨ࡣࠕ⬣ጾ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ

ࠕᜍᛧ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺᝿ീࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸬

ࠗࢫࢱ࣮࢛࣮࢘ࢬ ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻϫ࠘ࡣ㸪Ᏹᐂୖ࡛⧞ࡾᗈࡆࡽࢀࡿᖇᅜ㌷࡜཯஘㌷ࡢᡓ࠸ࡀ

࣓࢖ࣥࡢࢫࢺ࣮࣮࡛ࣜ࠶ࡾ㸪ᆅ⌫እ⏕࿨࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࠕ᪤࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡶࡢࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥥ

࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࡀ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᚑࡗ࡚㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐜጼࡢ⏕࿨࡟ฟ఍ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ே㛫ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞

㦫ࡁࡸឤ᝟ࢆぢࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸㸬ࢫࢱ࣮࢛࣮࢘ࢬ࡛╔┠ࡍࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ᆅ⌫እ⏕࿨ࡢᥥ ࡁ᪉࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ே㛫࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿᐜጼ࡛ᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪኱᪉ࡀ㸰ᮏ㊊࡛Ṍ࠸ࡓࡾ㸪୧ᡭࡀ࠶ࡗ ࡓࡾ࡜㸪యࡢ௙ᵝࡣே㛫ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡟ᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᆅ⌫እ⏕࿨࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᝿ീ࡜ࡋ

࡚ࡣ㸪ே㛫ࡢࡼ࠺࡞௙ᵝ㸪ᶵ⬟ࢆࡶࡕࡘࡘࠕᐜጼࡀ␗࡞ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺᝿ീ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸬 ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠗE㸬

T㸬࡛࠘ࡣ㸪᭱ึ࡟ฟ఍ࡗࡓࡢࡀᏊ࡝ࡶ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡀ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᆅ

⌫እ⏕࿨࡟ฟ఍ࡗࡓࠕ㦫ࡁࠖࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡍࡄ࡟ཷࡅᐜࢀࡽࢀࡿ㐣⛬ࡀᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୍

᪉㸪኱ேࡣᆅ⌫እ⏕࿨ࢆ㝸㞳ࡍࡿ㸪☜ಖࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡢ⾜ືࡀᥥ෗ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࠕ⬣ጾࠖࡸࠕᜍ

ᛧࠖࡀᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ

SF

ࠕᛧ࠸ࠖࠕᨷࡵ࡚ࡃࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ព㆑ࢆࡶࡘࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸬

࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ

SF

ࡣఱࢆࡋ࡚ࡃࡿ࠿ࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸⏕࿨࡟ฟ఍ࡗࡓࡽ㸪ࡸࡣࡾ⬣ጾࡸᜍᛧࢆឤࡌࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬ࡇ࠺

ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ⌧ᐇ໬ࡋࡓࡽ㸪☜࠿࡟❧ⰼẶࡀゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ᡃࠎࠕே㛫࡟࡜ࡗ࡚኱ࡁ࡞ព㆑ኚ໬ࢆ

ࡶࡓࡽࡍࠖࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬

ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ᨵࡵ࡚㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡢ᳨ウࡍ࡭ࡁ㡯┠ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡿ㸬 ౛࠼ࡤ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ┿⌮ࡀ┿⌮࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ḟࠎ࡜᪂ࡋ࠸┿⌮ࡀⓎ

ぢࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶ㸪ᆅ⌫እࡢࠕ⏕࿨ࠖࡀⓎぢࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀྰᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸᫬௦࡜࡞ࡿ㸬࡞ࡐ࡞

ࡽ㸪NASAࡢࢣࣉ࣮ࣛ⾨ᫍ࡟ࡼࡾࡇࢀࡲ࡛Ⓨぢࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓኴ㝧⣔እᝨᫍࡀ㸪Ⓨぢࡉ

ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ᡃࠎኴ㝧⣔ࡢᵓ㐀ࡀᖖ㆑࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ᪤࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸

ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪⣔እᝨᫍ᥈ᰝࢆ◊✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⏣ᮧࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾࡑࡢ㦫ࡁࢆ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ

15㸬

࠸ࡁ࡞ࡾᮌᫍࢡࣛࢫࡢ⣔እᝨᫍࡀぢࡘ࠿ࡗ࡚㸪ࡋ࠿ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ࿘ᮇࡀࡓࡗࡓ

4

࠿ࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍࡡ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ኳᩥᏛ㸪ᝨᫍ⛉Ꮫ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᆅ⌫⛉Ꮫࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿே࡟࡜ࡗ࡚኱

ၥ㢟ࡔࡗࡓࢇ࡛ࡍ㸬ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᝨᫍኴ㝧⣔ࡢ୰࡟ࡋ࠿ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ኴ㝧

⣔ࢆᇶ‽࡟⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡑࢀࡀࡦࡗࡃࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡲࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࢀࡇࡑ㸪ኳືㄝ࠿ࡽᆅືㄝ㸪ࡗ࡚

࠸࠺ࡢ࡜ྠࡌឤࡌ࡛㸬

"ୡࡢ୰"࡟ࡣ㸪ࡓࡃࡉࢇᫍࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࡢ࿘ࡾ࡟ࡣኴ㝧⣔࡜ࡣ㐪ࡗࡓ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᖖ㆑ࡀそࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞㸪౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᆅ⌫እࡢࠕ⏕࿨ࠖࡀⓎぢࡉࢀࡿ

ྍ⬟ᛶࡀྰᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸௨ୖ㸪ࠕ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞஦ᐇࡶཷࡅᐜࢀࡿࠖࠕ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞␗㉁࡞ࡶࡢ㸪ᖖ㆑

࡛ࡣ⪃࠼㞴࠸࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡶཷࡅᐜࢀࡿࠖᚰᵓ࠼ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸬

ࡲࡓ㸪ࠕே㛫ࡢຊࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⏽ᩗࡢᛕࢆࡶࡘࠖ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࠕᏱᐂࠖࡶࠕே

㛫ࡢຊࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ௨ୖ㸪⏽ᩗࡢᛕࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡟⏽ᩗࡢᛕࢆ

ࡶࡘࡇ࡜ࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ᝿ീࡀࡘࡃࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ๓㏙ࡋࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸┿⌮ࡢⓎぢ㸪ᆅ⌫እ⏕

࿨ࡢⓎぢࡀ⌧ᐇ໬ࡍࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟ࡶᣢ⥆࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬ᡃࠎே

㛫ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ぢࡓࡇ࡜ࡶឤࡌࡓࡇ࡜ࡶฟ఍ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞࠸ᮍ▱࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ࡁࡕࢇ࡜ཷࡅᐜࢀ㸪

⏽ᩗࡢᛕࢆᢪࡅࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬ࡉࡽ࡟࠸࠼ࡤ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟ྥࡅ࡚㸪⏽ᩗࡢ ᛕࢆᣢ⥆ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬

ࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡢᚋࡢ㡯┠ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ୰࡛ᶍ⣴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

ղࠕᇶ‽ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウ

࣭ࠕᗘࢆ㉺ࡉ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡁࡢࠕᗘࠖࠕ⮬⏤ࠖ࡜㸪ࠕつᚊࠖࢆ୧❧ࡉࡏᚓࡿࣂࣛࣥࢫឤ㸪

࣭ࠕ⮬௚ࡢᶒ฼ࠖࡸࠕ⮬ศࡢᙺ๭ࠖࢆつᐃࡍࡿࠕᇶ‽ࠖࡢ᳨ウ

ձ࡛ࡣࠕே㛫ࡢຊࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⏽ᩗࡢᛕࢆࡶࡘࠖࡇ࡜ࡢ㔜せᛶ࡟ゐࢀ㸪ࡋ࠿ࡋࡑ

ࢀࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸┿⌮ࡢⓎぢ㸪ᆅ⌫እ⏕࿨ࡢⓎぢࡀ⌧ᐇ໬ࡍࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟ࡶᣢ

⥆࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬㏫࡟ᣢ⥆ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿࡜࠸

࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚␲ၥࢆᥖࡆࡓ㸬

ղ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ␲ၥࡢᘏ㛗࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⏽ᩗࡢᛕࢆࡶࡘᑐ㇟ࡢᇶ‽ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺

࡟タᐃࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿㸪ࡲࡓ㸪᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࢆཷࡅᐜࢀࡿ࡜ࡁࡢᇶ‽࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡝ࡢ

ࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿ㸬

ࡲࡎ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶࡢ⌧௦ࡢ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┠ᶆࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕᇶ‽ࠖ࡟つᐃࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛

࠶ࡿࡢ࠿㸪≉࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞♫఍⫼ᬒ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚つᐃࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡜

ࡍࡿ㸬ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯࡢࠗᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࠘ࡣ

2009

2011

4

1

ࢆᇶ࡟ศᯒࡍࡿ㸬

ゎㄝ㞟ࠗ㐨ᚨ⦅࠘࡟ᣐࢀࡤ㸪ඣ❺ࢆྲྀࡾࡲࡃ♫఍ࡢኚ໬࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ♫఍඲యࡢࣔࣛࣝࡢపୗ

࡬ࡢᑐฎࠖࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ¹⁷㸬≉࡟ඣ❺ࡢ㐨ᚨᛶࡢ⫱ᡂ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ♫఍ⓗ

㢼₻࡜ࡋ࡚ḟࡢ㸲ࡘࢆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

㻔㼍㻕♫఍඲య䜔௚ே䛾䛣䛸䜢⪃䛘䛪䠈ᑓ䜙ಶே䛾฼ᐖᦆᚓ䜢ඃඛ䛥䛫䜛䠊㻌 㻔㼎㻕௚⪅䜈䛾㈐௵㌿᎑䛺䛹䠈㈐௵ឤ䛜Ḟዴ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌

㻔㼏㻕≀䜔㔠➼䛾≀㉁ⓗ䛺౯್䜔ᛌᴦ䛜ඃඛ䛥䜜䜛䠊㻌

㻔㼐㻕ክ䜔┠ᶆ䛻ྥ䛡䛯ດຊ䠈≉䛻♫఍䜢䜘䜚䜘䛟䛧䛶䛔䛣䛖䛸䛩䜛┿ᦸ䛺ດຊ䛜㍍ど䛥䜜䜛䠊㻌 㻔㼑㻕䛨䛳䛟䜚䛸ྲྀ䜚⤌䜐䛣䛸䛺䛹䛾䜖䛸䜚䛾኱ษ䛥䜢ᛀ䜜䠈┠ඛ䛾฼౽ᛶ䜔ຠ⋡ᛶ䜢㔜ど䛩䜛䠊㻌

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞♫఍ⓗ㢼₻ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋタᐃࡉࢀࡓࠕᇶ‽࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦

࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕᇶ‽ࠖࡣ࡝࠺࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬௬࡟ୖグࡢᩍ⫱ࡀ⥅⥆ࡉࢀ㸪᭱኱㝈࡟ຠᯝࡀⓎ᥹ࡉࢀ

ࡓሙྜ㸪ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ഴྥ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸬

(A)ಶேࡢ฼ᐖᦆᚓࡼࡾࡶ♫఍඲యࡸ௚ேࡢࡇ࡜ࢆඃඛࡉࡏࡿ㸬 (B)ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ㈐௵ࡣ⮬ศ࡟࠶ࡿ࡞࡝㸪㈐௵ឤࡀᙉ࠸㸬

(C)≀ࡸ㔠➼ࡢ≀㉁ⓗ࡞౯್ࡸᛌᴦࡼࡾࡶ㸪ᐙ᪘࡜ࡢឡ᝟ࡸே࡜ࡢ⤖ࡧࡘࡁ࡞࡝ᚰࡢ㇏࠿ࡉ

(D)ክࡸ┠ᶆ࡟ྥࡅࡓດຊ㸪≉࡟♫఍ࢆࡼࡾࡼࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜┿ᦸ࡟ດຊࡍࡿ㸬 (E)┠ඛࡢ฼౽ᛶࡸຠ⋡ᛶࡼࡾࡶ㸪ࡌࡗࡃࡾྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ࡞࡝㛗ᮇⓗ࡞ෆᐜࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ㸬

ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞ഴྥ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗࡓሙྜ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᇶ‽ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࡝࠺࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ

᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬ࡲࡎ㸪㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢᏛ⩦ᡂᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ୖグࡢࡇ࡜ࢆぢࡿ㝈ࡾ㸪ᴟࡵ࡚ඃ

➼⏕ⓗ࡞ே㛫࡟௙ୖࡀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࡚ྲྀࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺ඃ➼⏕ⓗ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪௒ࡢ᪥

ᮏࡀࡵࡊࡍᩍ⫱ࡢ⌮᝿ⓗ࡞ጼ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓඃ➼⏕ⓗ࡞ே㛫ࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬

௦࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᑐᛂࡋᚓࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬

౛࠼ࡤ㸪ձ࡛ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓ㏻ࡾ㸪ᡃࠎே㛫ࡀ௬࡟ࠕᐜጼࡀ␗࡞ࡿᏱᐂேࠖࢆ┠ࡢᙜࡓࡾ࡟ࡋࡓ

࡜ࡁ㸪ே㛫ࡀ๰సࡋࡓ

SF

ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᏱᐂே࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ⮬ศࡼࡾࡶඃඛࡋ࡚ᑐᛂࡋᚓࡿ࡛

࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬ࡲࡓ㸪Ᏹᐂ㐍ฟࡀ㐍ࡳ㸪Ẹ㛫ேࡀᏱᐂ᪑⾜࡟⾜ࡃࡼ࠺࡞᫬௦࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㝿㸪୓ࡀ୍㸪 Ᏹᐂ✵㛫࡛༴㝤࡞≧ἣ࡟㝗ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟㸪ᯝࡓࡋ࡚௚ேࢆᛮ࠸ࡸࡿ⾜ືࡀᐇ⌧ࡋᚓࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺

࠿㸬ࡶࡋࡃࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࡜ࡁࡢࠕṇ⩏ࠖ࡜ࡣ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕᇶ‽࡛ࠖ⾜ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠕṇ⩏ࠖ

࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬

ࡇࡢ᳨ウࢆࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛㸪ࠕ࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ࢕ࠖ࡜ࠕ࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕ࠖࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡋࡓ࠸㸬 ࠕ࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ࢕ࠖ࡜ࡣ୍ゝ࡛࠸࠼ࡤࠕከᩘὴࠖࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡋ㸪ࠕ࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕ࠖ࡜ࡣࠕᑡ

ᩘὴࠖࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡍ¹⁸㸬

ᡃࠎࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࠕ࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ࢕ࠖ࡜ࠕ࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕ࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᙜ↛ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ཷࡅᐜࢀ⏕

άࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ྠࡌே㛫ࡢ୰࡛ࡍࡽ࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ࢕࡜࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕࡜࠸࠺❧ሙࡀᏑᅾࡋ㸪ࡇࡢ

❧ሙࡢ㐪࠸࡛ࠕᇶ‽ࠖࡢᤊ࠼᪉ࡶኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡿ୰㸪᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟࠾࠸࡚࡝ࡢ

ࡼ࠺࡞ࠕᇶ‽ࠖࡀ⏕ࡎࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪ձ࡛ぢࡓ㏻ࡾ㸪SF࡟ᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕᐜጼ ࡀ␗࡞ࡿᏱᐂேࠖࢆ┠ࡢᙜࡓࡾ࡟ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࡢࠕ⬣ጾࡸᜍᛧࠖ࡜ࡣ㸪ᡃࠎே㛫ࡀࠕ࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ

࢕ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ❧ሙ࡛㸪Ᏹᐂேࢆࠕ࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ぢࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟⏕ࡎࡿឤ᝟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼

ࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ❧ሙࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ⏕ࡎࡿ⫼ᬒ㸪ࡲࡓࡑࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⢭⚄⒪ἲᏛ⪅ࡢ࢔ࣝࣀ࣭ࢢ

࣮ࣜࣗࣥ¹⁹ࡢᩥ❶ࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸㸬

⌧ᐇࡢୡ⏺࡟࠾ࡅࡿே㛫ⓗ࡞౯್ࡢ႙ኻ࡟ࡶࡣࡸ⪏࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ேࠎࡀ㸪ࠕ≬ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜

ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪ே㛫ࡢᮏ㉁ࢆᨺᨈࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓேࠎ࡟ࡣ㸪ࠕṇᖖᛶࠖࡢド᫂᭩ࡀ୚࠼ࡽ

ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡀᶒຊࢆጤࡡ㸪ࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢ⏕ά࡜ᮍ᮶࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ỵᐃࡉࡏࡿࡢࡣ ᚋ⪅ࡢேࠎ࡞ࡢࡔ㸬ᙼࡽࡣ⌧ᐇ࡟ṇࡋࡃ㏆࡙ࡃ⾡ࢆᚰᚓ࡚࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࢆᢅ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ ࡔ࡜ㄡࡋࡶಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࠕ⌧ᐇ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࠖࡀ㸪ࡑࡢேࡢ⢭⚄ⓗ࡞⑓Ẽ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ೺

ᗣࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ၏୍ࡢᑻᗘ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛㸪⤯ᮃࡢࡼ࠺࡞ே㛫ࡢឤ᝟㸪ඹឤࡢࡼ

࠺࡞ே㛫ࡢ▱ぬ㸪ឤ⃭ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ே㛫ࡢయ㦂ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡢ࠿㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘࡲ࡛ࡑࢀࡽࢆኻ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶၥࢃࢀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬

ࡇࢀࡣ⢭⚄⑓⪅ࢆ࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕㸪♫఍࡟㐺ᛂࡋ⌧ᐇ࡟⏕ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡟័ࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⚾ࡓ ࡕࢆ࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ࢕࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟㸪ᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡀே㛫ࡢᮏ㉁࡜ࡋ࡚㐺ṇ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡢ࠿

࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸࠿ࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪⚾ࡓࡕࡀᖖ㆑࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜㸪 ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀ࡟㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿேࢆཷࡅᐜࢀࡿ࡜ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ேࡣ࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕࡜ࡋ࡚

ྲྀࡾᢅࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⢭⚄⛉་࡛࠶ࡿἨ㇂㛩♧Ặ ࡣ㸪ࠕ⊂⿢యไࡢୗ࡛᝟ሗ⤫ไࡀᩜ࠿ࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪཯యไⓗᛮ᝿ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ

࡜ࢆࠗ⢭⚄ࡢ⑓࠘࡜ࡋ࡚୙ᙜ࡟ᢅࢃࢀࡓࢣ࣮ࢫࡣ㸪ᐇ㝿㐣ཤ࡟ᩘከࡃᏑᅾࡋࡲࡍࠖ²⁰࡜ᣦ᦬

ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⪃࠼ࡿ࡜㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓṇࡋࡉࡢࠕᇶ‽ࠖࢆỴᐃࡍࡿ♫఍࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ࠕࡑࢀࡀᮏᙜ࡟

ṇࡋ࠸ࡢ࠿ࠖࢆᖖ࡟⪃࠼ࡉࡏࡿ௙⤌ࡳࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ࢕࡜

ࡋ࡚タᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᇶ‽ࡣ㸪ᮏᙜ࡟ṇࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕࡜࠸࠺❧ሙ࠿ࡽぢࡓሙ

ྜ㸪ࡑࡢᇶ‽ࡣ࡝࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺㸪཮᪉ࡢ❧ሙ㸪ほⅬ࠿ࡽぢࡓᇶ‽࡛࠶ࡿᕤኵ ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࢀࡤࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᕤኵࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺

࠿㸬

ձ࡛ࠕ⏽ᩗࡢᛕࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕᣢ⥆ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶

ࢁ࠺࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺␲ၥࢆⓎࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢᣢ⥆ࡉࡏࡿ࠺࠼࡛㸪⏽ᩗࡢᛕࢆࡶࡘᑐ㇟ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࠕᇶ

‽ࠖࡸṇ⩏ࡢࠕᇶ‽ࠖ࡞࡝㸪ᡃࠎࡣ୍Ṍ㛫㐪࠼ࡿ࡜࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ࢕ࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽࡢ᳨ウࡢࡳ࡟⤊

ጞࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺༴㝤ᛶࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ẽࡀࡘ࠿ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ࠕᇶ‽ࠖࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ࡟࠶

ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ࢕࡜࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕཮᪉ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡢ᳨ウࢆᖖ࡟࡛ࡁࡿ♫఍ࡢ௙⤌ࡳࡀ ᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢ࠼࡚ࡁࡓ㸬

ࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ௙⤌ࡳࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࢀࡤ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿㸬

ḟ࡟㸪ࡑࡢゎỴ⟇ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᩥ໬ࡢከᵝᛶࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿ㸬 ᩥ໬ே㢮Ꮫ⪅࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࠕ⎔ቃ࡟㐺ᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ከᵝ࡞ᩥ໬ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᪉ࡀ᭷฼

࡛࠶ࡿࠖ²¹࡜࠸࠺㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࠕᵝࠎ࡞⎔ቃࡢኚ໬࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ே㢮ࡣ㸪ᴟࡵ࡚ᰂ㌾࡟␗࡞ࡿᩥ໬ࢆ

๰ฟࡋ࡚⏕Ꮡࢆᅗࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠖ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪౛࠼࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ౛࠼ࡤ㸪࠾

ࡼࡑ㸯୓㸰༓ᖺ๓ࡢịἙᮇ⤊஢࡟క࠺⎔ቃኚ໬࡟㝿ࡋ࡚㸪ே㢮ࡣ㸪ᪧ▼ჾ᫬௦ࡢ⊁⊟᥇㞟ᩥ

໬ࢆ⬺ࡋ㸪ᐃఫ㞟ⴠ㸪⁺ᧄ➼ࡢ᪂ᢏ⾡㸪㈓ⶶ⩦័➼ࡢ≉ᚩࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ୰▼ჾ᫬௦ࡢᩥ໬࡬⛣⾜

ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ࡁᘏࡧࡓ㸬ࡔࡀ㸪୰▼ჾ᫬௦ࡢࡶࡢ࡜ࡉࢀࡿᩥ໬ࡣ㸪⎔ቃࡢ⃭ኚ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚

ᛴ࡟⌧ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ịἙᮇࡢ᫬௦࠿ࡽ㸪ᑡᩘ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ୍㒊ࡢ ᖏᆅᇦ࡛᪤࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ

࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ከᵝ࡞ᩥ໬ࡀඹᏑࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡽࡇࡑ㸪ே

㢮ࡣ㸪⎔ቃኚ໬ࢆ஌ࡾ㉺࠼ࡽࢀࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬௚࡜␗࡞ࡿᩥ໬ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ㸪ከᵝᛶࢆ⥔ᣢ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ᑗ᮶ࡢ≧ἣࡢኚ໬࡟㐺ᛂࡋᚓࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆᢸಖࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽぢ࡚㸪✀࡜ࡋ

࡚ࡢே㢮ࡢ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞⏕Ꮡ࡟ᚲせࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠖ²²࡜࠸࠺஦౛ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ࢕࡜࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕཮᪉ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡢ᳨ウࢆᖖ࡟࡛ࡁࡿ♫఍ࡢ௙⤌ࡳࡀᚲせ࡛

࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪⎔ቃ࡟㐺ᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ከᵝ࡞ᩥ໬ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᪉ࡀ᭷฼࡜ࡍࡿ⪃࠼

᪉ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ḟࡢ㏻ࡾᩚ⌮ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ゎỴࡢ୍ࡘ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬

ࡲࡎ㸪࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ࢕࡜࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉⮬యࡣࡑࡢ♫఍ࡢᩥ໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡎࡿࡶ

ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪ࡇࡢ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚᪥ᮏேࡣ࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ࢕࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪እᅜேࡣ࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ

࢕࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ㢼₻ࡀᣔ࠸ษࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡶࡑࡶࠕእᅜேࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀ࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ

࢕ࡢ㇟ᚩ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬

୍᪉㸪ከᵝ࡞ᩥ໬ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾே㛫ࡣࡑࡢ⎔ቃ࡟㐺ᛂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪ከᵝ ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㐍໬ࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶࠕ᪥ᮏேࠖ࡜ࠕእᅜ

ேࠖ࡜࠸࠺஧ࡘࡢᩥ໬ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㏫࡟Ḽ㏄ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾ㸪࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ࢕࡜

࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉⮬యࢆ࡞ࡃࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓከᵝ࡞❧ሙ㸪⪃࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡿ

ࡇ࡜㸪ᩥ໬ࡀከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ༑ศ࡟ㄆ㆑㸪ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ♫఍࡙ࡃࡾࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ

ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣ㸪㐣ཤࡢே㛫ࡓࡕࡀࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᵝࠎ

࡞⎔ቃ࡟㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ⬟ຊࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿㸬

௒㸪ᡃࠎࡣࡍ࡛࡟ฟ᮶ୖࡀࡗࡓᩥ໬ࡢ୰࡛⏕άࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㐣ཤࡢே㛫ࡓࡕ࡟ഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸

ࡓࡼ࠺࡞⎔ቃ㐺ᛂ⬟ຊࡀ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡿ㸬ᐇ㝿࡟㸪ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡢࠕ୰ኸᩍ⫱ᑂ㆟

఍ ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ࣭㟷ᑡᖺศ⛉఍ 㟷ᑡᖺࡢయ㦂άືࡢ᥎㐍ࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㒊఍ࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪య 㦂άືࡢஈࡋࡉ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᣦ᦬㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿே᱁ᙧᡂ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙

࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ²³㸪ඣ❺࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⎔ቃ㐺ᛂ⬟ຊࡀ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡍࡿᣦ᦬ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣୗ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛௨ୖࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ኚ໬ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾᚓࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞Ᏹᐂ᫬௦࡟㸪ᡃࠎࡣ࡝ࡇ

ࡲ࡛㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬ࡶࡋࡃࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㐺ᛂࡋᚓࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿㸬

ࡲࡎ㸪㐺ᛂࡍࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚㸪ከᵝ࡞ᩥ໬ࡸ౯್ほ࡟ᑐࡋ༑ศ࡞⌮ゎࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ༑

ศ࡞⌮ゎࡢୗ࡛ࠕᇶ‽ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚つᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪

᪤࡟ࡇࡢⅬ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㐨ᚨᩍ⫱࡛ࡣከᵝᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ゎࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ௚㸪Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ

୰࡛ࡣᅜ㝿♫఍ࡢ⌮ゎ࡞࡝㸪ከᵝ࡞ᩥ໬㸪❧ሙ࡬ࡢ⌮ゎࢆಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿᩍ⫱ࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࡛ࡣᅜ㝿⌮ゎᩍ⫱࡜ࡋ࡚ḟࡢ஦౛ࢆ⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ²⁴㸬

ڧᅜ㝿༠ຊᅋయゼၥ࡜♫఍㸦බẸⓗศ㔝㸧

ڧࠕ㟷࠸┠ࡢேᙧࠖࢆ᥈ࡏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺïᆅᇦ࠿ࡽぢࡘࡵࡿ㐣ཤ࡜ᮍ᮶ࡢᅜ㝿ぶၿï ڧᆅᇦ࡟ࡦࢁࡆࡼ࠺␗ᩥ໬஺ὶࡢ㍯

ڧ1ᖺ

2

ïୡ⏺࡟⏕ࡁࡿேࠎࡢᜥ྿ࢆឤࡌ࡚ï

ڧ㯮₻ᩥ໬ᅪࢆ᥈ࢀࠕᾏὶࣅࣥᨺὶࠖ

ïᆅᇦ࡟₯ࡴ㯮₻ᩥ໬࡟ゐࢀ㸪ᅜ㝿ᛶ࡟Ẽ௜ࡃï

ï㛤Ⓨ㏵ୖᅜࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡜ዪᛶࡢ⏕ࡁ᪉ï

ڧ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟ᒆࡅ㸟 ✵㣕ࡪ㌴࠸ࡍ

ï㌴࠸ࡍࢆࣂࢺࣥ࡟࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔࣮ࣜࣞï

ڧNGO࡜ࡘࡃࡿᅜ㝿⌮ゎᩍ⫱

ڧ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛య㦂㸟࢔ࢪ࢔࡛Ⓨぢ㸟ï࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢே࡜኱ᆅ࡟ゐࢀࠕ⏕ࡁ᪉ࠖࢆᏛࡪᾏእ⾜஦ï

ୡ⏺ྛᅜࡢᩥ໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪㞀ᐖࡢ࠶ࡿ᪉ࠎ࡬ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ

῝ࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬࡲ࡛㸪Ⰽࠎ࡞❧ሙ㸪Ⰽࠎ࡞ᩥ໬ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺ᩍ⫱

ࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

ᡃࠎ㸪JAXA࡛ࡶࡑࡢ୍ຓ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࠕᏱᐂ࠿ࡽぢࡓᆅ⌫ࡢጼࠖࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪Ᏹᐂ࠿ࡽぢࢀࡤ ᅜቃ⥺ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜㸪ᆅ⌫ࡣ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ㸪ᅜ㝿♫఍⌮ゎ㸪ᖹ࿴࡞࡝

࡬ࡢᩍ⫱ࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

ࡘࡲࡾ㸪௒ࡢ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱࠾ࡼࡧᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢᡂᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ከᵝ࡞ᩥ໬ࡸ౯್ほࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ

࠸࡚ࡣᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪༢࡟ࠕ▱ࡿࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓከᵝ࡞ᩥ໬ࡸ

౯್ほ࡬ࡢ㐺ᛂ⬟ຊࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡣ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࠕ⌮ゎࠖࡋ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟ࠕ㐺ᛂࡍࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵ

ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࠿㸪ࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᚋ࡯࡝᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜

ࡍࡿ㸬