鹿児島大学リポジトリ

South Pacific newsletter : 24

著者

Kagoshima University Research Center for the

Pacific Islands

journal or

publication title

South Pacific newsletter

volume

24

page range

1-20

OUTH PACIFIC NEWSLETTER

March 20 1 3 No.24

KAGOSHIMA UNIVERSITY

CONTENTS

Page Report on Visiting Fellowship at Kagoshima University··

Student Experience

in

Kagoshima University·················· ..................... 4

International Symposium·· ... ... 5

Research Seminars ... . ... . ... 10

Field Research ... . .. ... 16 Recent Publications" . ... . .... . ... . ... . .... . ... .. ... . .... ... ... . ... . .. . ... .... .... .... . .. 19

Cover photo: Capsicum pubescens sold in Cipanas Market, Cianjur, \Vest Java, Indonesia, ill 2012. (By Sota YAMAMOTO)

REPORT ON VISITING FELLOWSHIP AT KAGOSHIMA UNIVERSITY

Hcnry JOHNSO~

Visiting Professor, Research Center for Pacific Islands Kagoshima University, Japan, (June 2012 to October 2012)

The Otago Un.iversity, New ZealaLld

Kagosbima University's Research Center for the Pacific [slands is ideally situated in a Japanese prefecture Il,at is partly defined by its island identity. The main part of Kagoshima prefecture is on the southern part of tbe island of Kyushu (Japan's third largcst island), with its two distinctive southern peninsulas (hantD: "half islands") of Satsuma and Qsumi. As well as having several smaLler islands to the west and cast of the prefecture, and also in Kagosh.ima Bay between the two peninsulas, at the southern end of the prefecture there are three main archipelagos (Qsumi, Tokara and Amami) that stretch nearly 500 km with the southern-most island of Yoron less than 20 km from tbe island of Okinawa (in Japan's most southerly prefecture, Okinawa prefecture). In this island context, the Research Center for the Pacific [slands provides an ideal setting for the study of islands, not only of Japan's thousands of islands, but. also further afield in tJ1C wider Pacific Ocean - a "sea of islands" (Hau'ofa 1')')3) in whicb Japan occupies a significant part to the northwest in terms of its links wirh mainland Asia, and an "aquapelago" (Hayward 2012) through which Japan has various geographic, historical, cultural and trade links.

My research project whilst based in the Research Center for the Pacific Islands was entitled "Transmitting Taiko Within, Between and Beyond the Japanese Nansei Islands".

In

the Nansei Islands, ensemble drumming has several main contexts of performance: for example, minzoku geino, kumidaiku (wadaiko) and eisa. Each type of ensemble has much significance in contemporary island cultures i.n that it often belps to maintain and construct cultural heritage and distinct identities through music, movement and visual spectacle. The research undertook a study of drumming in such contexts on selected islands with the aim of understanding the modes of tTansmission of perfonnance and the influence that islands have in helping to construct local identity. The rescarch question that underpinned thc study asked: "'How does the island context of taiko performance influence the transmission of musical knowledge and the construction of cultural identity?" While the Nansei islands occupy a vast geographic area to the southwest of Japan (stretching over 1000 km), the research included a focussed case-study approach on the nOl1hern region of the island chain (i.e., the Satsunall islands), especially tbe Amami and Osumi islands. This is, of course, a very large project, bUI during my tenure between June and Oclober 20121 was able to carry

out substantial fieldwork on some islands, initiate study on other islands, and undertake considerable fieldwork and library and archival study on mainland Kagoshima and more broadly in southern Kyushu. A short trip to Tokyo included study of historical materials at various locations, include the National Diet Library_

The islands of Amumi Oshima and Kikaijima in the Amami archipelago were a focal point for several case studies. Further comparative research was undertaken on lojima, Yakushima and Tanegashima in the Osumi islands. Also, the island of Shimo Koshikijima was visited as part of a field nip with the CenterJ and a fascinating archive was visited that included various musical instruments used in folk performing arts. As well as my main focus 00 drum ensembles On small islands, my research also included ethnographic study in and around Kagoshim3 city. I was able to experience various festivals, attend many perfonnances, undertake research with instrument makers, and learn about many aspects of the cuI Lure of the south of Kyushu and its perfonning arts. This part of my fellowship was invaluable for leaming about influences on and from the Nansei islands.

My other work in the Research Center for the Pacific Islands included a research seminar presentation, a conference paper, several lectures, marking and proofrcading academic papers and other work produced by staff. For my research seminar I presented a summary of my research on language and song on Jersey in the Channel Lslands. While j thought this would be very distant from my current research in Japan, it did prove to be related when working on Amami Oshima and Kikaijima in tenns of the languages I sometimes encountered on those islands. In the Center I gave th.ree lectures; two near the beginning of my tenure and One towards the cnd. This was a fascinating and rewarding experience ill teons of meeting some of the students and marking their work. Wiu] over 200 reports to mark for one of ule lectures [ was able to gain a closer understanding of Japanese students' knowledge of not only the subject of my lecture, but also of their knowledge of archipelagie Japan and other small islands around the world.

In the Center I was able to proofread various academic papers. Wllile not claiming to have any expertise in the specific subject areas, this experience allowed me to gain much knowledge of the current research of staff working in the Center. As well as checking papers for the Center's Occasional Papers and its journal, South Pac{fic Studies, I was able to learn about such areas as Chuuk, mosquitos, dengue fever, trombiculid mites and snails.

Kagoshima city is a fascinating place to stay in as a researcher of small island cultures. As well as being geographically close to dle Nansei islands, and with easy access to many of these islands, it is a city that is large enough to have a thriving culture with substantial ameniries and facilities. Kagoshima Bay offers a beautiful selling with an active "island" volcano (Sakurajima used to be an island until its volcano joined it to the mainland in 1914) and two prominent peninsulas. During my stay in Kagoshima I was able to do much walking

and could experience many beautiful sellings in and around the city. I especially enjoyed walkiJlg by the sea alld lookiJlg out to Sakurajima. It was a view I could scc evel), day from my apartment, and one that changed quickly and quite dramatically when the volcano spurted out volcanic ash. Sometimes the city would be covered by a thin layer of ash, which was certainly unpleasant, but people quickly swept it up and placed the ash in bags at special collection points.

Lastly, I must thank all thc staff at the Ccnter and University for welcoming me to Kagoshima, for their kindness and understanding, and for helping to make my stay a most rewarding onc, The fellowship allowed me plenty of time to work on my own with few interruptions, and I have very much valued this unique and wonderful opportunity.

Rererences

I-Iau'ofa, Epcli. 1993. Our sea of islands. In Eric Waddell, Vijay Naidu, and Epeli I-Iau'ofa, eds, A New Oceollia: Rediscovering ollr sea aJislallds, Suva: University of the South Pacific, 2-16.

Hayward, Phi Lip. 2012. Aquapelagos and aquapelagic assemblages: Towards an integrated study of island societies and marine environments. Shima: The fllfemafiOlwl Journal ofResean:h into h-/a!ld Cu/lures

6(1): 1-11.

"-STUDENT EXPERIENCE IN KAGOSH[MA UN[VERS[TY"-Jokim i<JTOLELEI

Fisheries Economics, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Japan

I entered Kagoshima Ulliversity in 2009 under Japanese scholarship. My research is

based on fisheries management in coastal communities. I am interested in this field, as j want to focus on community-based and co-management and the challenger's communities are facing in this 21 S1 century. My master thesis was based on community-based and co-management in Sata Misaki, Kagoshima Prefecture-Japan. CUITent[y my Phd research is based in Fiji Islands and Japan coastal communities. This research wiiJ be a comparison studies based on case studies.

I was able to collaborate with researchers in Kagoshima University and ieam.ing

interdisciplinary approach la study communities. I therefore very lucky to be studying in this University, as this will enhance my studies and to better understand communities through the use of different disciplines and approach. This is just the beginning of the long journey of

rescarch and study. Learning and undcrstanding Ihe Japanese languagc was also a skill [

gained during my studies. L was able to visit other places in Japan and countries in Asia with the diverse programs and conferences offered by the University. [ am the only student from

my country and the language, food and culture are very different but it very interesting to learn new things in life.

My message to [si and students is that studies should also be important to your country. Hard work, dedication, commitment, innovative and think about the struggles aud sil1lation

our countries are facing will motivate us to be better researchers. In addition the increasing population in our developing countries will results in a daunting future if it is not addressed in this 21s, century. In having strong structured communities our voice can be heard and also we can encounter changes. The changes have to come within the communities and researchers. Managing our resources is so important as it is the source of livelihood and for future generation.

Women and children in the community hall Veivatuloa, Fiji

21 July2012

Kagoshima

U

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sity

International Symposium

Education fur hland~rs and Students M Learning cm and from Islands·

(written by Shunsuke NAGASIIlMA)

On 20th June 2012, the Remote Islands Development Act was revised. From April 20 L3, the 7th tenn of the remote island development measures will commence. Enacted in 1953 with the legislative validity of a decade, it has been effective for nearly 60 years. During this period the roles the islands played have varied over time. One of the elements gaining attention and featuring new expectations is the role of education. The islands themselves possess diverse potential influencing factors such as nature and cultille. The characteristics of being surrounded by water/seas, being isolated, and smallness are wbat denote/exemplify an island. At the same lime islands are individually unique, and this in turn provides educational advantages that the islands can fulfill.

Programs for elementary and middle school students to "study offshore" on remote islands have demonstrated the educational merits attained through studying such rich

communities, etc. However, on remote islands where depopulation and aging are conspicuous, schools themselves face hardships for thei.r continuation, and statistics reveal that only 10% of remote islands have their own high school. To rectify this, the new act will have an additional clause entitled "substantiating education/fulfilling educational requirements" wbich will include support for high school students studying on remote islands as well as providing appropriate propositions for pllbhc high school teach.ing and other members of statf. These wiU address the topical "educational viewpoint" pertaining to fundamental and permanent reqlli.rements.

There arc many benefits for university students to "learn on islands." For example, snorkelling in coral seas strengthens the fundamental swimming skill, which is essential in gaining snorkelling teaching qualifications; isolated space promotes the leaming of an island's unique culture in a tranquil environment; and the smallness of islands deepens the breadth of experiences, knowledge, and interaction with other individuals. Learning in an island environment is different from learning in a city environment and it may provide the opportunity to recover and rejuvenale the body, mind, and spirit on a mullidimensional level.

in the case of "learning from islands," tbe smallness of islands bas potential to expand one's awareness of linked networks. A small-scale society on an island provide not only an understanding of the individuaUzed elements within the comprehensive components making

up the workings of life, for example human interactions, nature, the ways of life, technologies, cultures, social constI1lctions, administrations, industries, and environmental preservation activities, but more importantly the 'compact' nature of an island can provide opportunities to glean how these various elements are interconnected and interrelated with onc other, and learn about supportive management networks. These first-band observations and experiences are hard to attain otherwise. From a nissological point of view, it is important to gail] educational and intellectual cxpcric:ncc onsitc and to "learn the islands" tbemselves.

Up until now, the majority of educational settings have been traditionally restrictive. To supplement and enhance these restricted opportunities, there are new ilUlovative developments trialled (e.g. satellite education, promoting the benefits of small class size, and incorporating IT). There are regions where educational institutions are actively collaborating with variolls administrative authorities as part of remote island uevelopment measures. F1l11hennore, some small islands have put their energies in aiming at reinstati.ng the value and significance of people. Depending on where the educational goal-post is set (including charactcr development) it may be possiblc to bring out new potential that exceeds othcr regions.

1.n examining education for islanders and students, it is insufficient for only the islanders to assume the responsibility for the future generation; and there needs to be an integration of people from inside and outside the islands to join forces together. It is necessary to revisit the way in which all members of society can contribute toward improving themselves and those around them. Here, we would Like to take this OPPOlturuty to examine the islands' educational potential and their future-oriented roles. We look torward to your proactive and constructive contribution iu rhe discllssion.

Prof. liATTA, Prof. NORO, Prof. NODA, Dr. SETOUE, Prof. JOIfNSON, and ProI'.

I: University education in Ooshima County

Akio HATTA (Faculty ofEduca~on, Kagosbima University)

This report describes the necessity of establishing a university in Oshima County, and the methodology to install. 1 consider the course SYStt:ffi which should invite the [onn of Lhe organization of the university, in distinction from a subjcct-of-study system. [n the University

ortbe

Course System! (he teacher who belongs to a lecture organization or a large lecture organization supports some courses mutually.

The faculty of education bas taken the course system. The 5 or 6 teachers in the course of the Oshima campus and the teacher of the Kagoshima campus give a lecture of the course of the O~hima campus.

The teacher of the Kagoshima campus perfolllls an intensive course. Lf the student capacity of the faculty of education, which is considering capacity reduction, is utilized, revenue such as tuition revenue and entrance fee revenue are securable.

Is it possible to establish a part of tbe course of the taculty of education on Amami Islands? This report describes the conditions of teacher's license acquisition, a role of social education, and base formation of research of Kagoshima University, etc.

2: Amami Islands and their importance for field classes in Kagoshima University Tadahide NORO (Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University)

The Education Center of Kagoshima University has organized several lectures and field trips for undergraduate students ill the Amami Islands and other small islands located in the south of Kagoshima Prefecture for more than ten years. Numerous studems from many faculties joined these summer classes and enjoyed ecotollrism in these islands. Since 2005, Prof. Nedacbi, a retired director of the Center, expanded this activity to all the faculties under his program titled "See the evidence from the view point of Kagoshima but think from the international standards". This program was supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education and Sports as part of their GP Programs in 2005-2009 and recently the activity

was managed even for rhe graduate course of the university.

3: An attempt to establish satellite classes on islands: Amami Oshima and Tokunoshima Sueo KUWAHARA (Faculty of Law, Economic anu Humanities, Kagoshima University)

"You can attend a class of Kagoshima University graduate school while living in Amami Oshima" is the catch-phrase of the Amami Satellite Class. Prior to the Amami Satellite Class, other sateUite classes had often been set up in urban areas by local universities for the convenience of working people. The Amami satellite class, on the

contrary, intends to provide the opporntnity for advanced education to the people in remote islands who have less oppornlflity for it. The Amami sateUite class can be traced back to the

opening ofa satellite class in Kushikino city in April 2003. In July the same year, the Amami

Mayor visited the De(tn of the Faculty of L(tw, Economics and Humanities and made a

request for offering satellite classes in Amami. In 1'ovember, the signing of an exchange

agreement with Amami City was made. In April 2004, the Amami satellite class staned at a room in a community hall of Amami city. The first batch of srudcnts was 5 credited auditors and I graduate sUldent who lived in Amami City. The Tokunoshima class started in April

2007 with 7 credited auditors. During the last 8 years, 5 srudents got a master's degree and I student gained a doctorate. In this paper, I will talk about the attempt to establish Amami

satellite classes by Kagoshima University, and also the significance and meaning ofsatellitc

classes for Kagoshima University and Amami.

4: Subjects opened on the island: An Island's System & Island Study Shinichi NODA (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima Univcrsity)

The Research Center for the Pacific Islands has opened a common educational subject, "An Island's System", in Yoron Island, and also core subjects of a program "Island study

educational course" for graduate school, "Lsland study [ and U", in lwojima Island and

Nakanoshima lsland. In the community of the islands, a traditional comJllunity serves as a

driving force of regional vitalization, and the measure of various local revitalization is taken

by its wisdom and eITorts. The lectures by the working members with a rich experience have

taken the lead and understand the present condition and the measure of islands.

5: Learning from on-site clinical training

Kenjirou SETOUE (Shimokosbiki-Towll Tellcbi, Satsllmasendai-City Clinic)

In recent years the (association between) terms "remote island medical care" and

ioImedical training" have stat1ed to be accepted without any discomfOl1. One could speculate

this to be the result of increasing interest amongst young generation in "regional medicine,"

i.e. "general practice" and "primary care." When Kagoshima Un.iversity opened semLuars on

remote island healthcare/medical care, it became actively integrated as part of the training,

and currently every medicaL student is partaking in remote island medical t.raining in some form or another.

On the other hand, the post-graduate clinical training system incorporates small clinics

on remote islands as training affiliate centers, and there are many trainees requesting to

medical care. Amongst these students one could imagine a majority of these young trainees

wanting to go to remote islands or isolated areas. However, as it stands currently, training in

settings such as university hospitals or in large hospitals in cities produces specialists but it

is hard to tTain them as general practitioners, the type crucial to regional welfare. Learning

medicine on islands can supplement this. It is also important to experience and learn regional healthcare from the perspective of the local residents and at the same time learn about the land. Medical carc may be far frorn forefront of medicine, but it is not an cxaggcration to say

that the medical care on remote islands equates to true general practice/comprehensive

medical care as they may have to deal with unanticipated cases at all hours of the day. By

offering what cities' large hospitals cannot provide may contribute to mutual and

reciprocated role-sharing.

There was a student whose student life was transfOlmed: he said "experiencing remote

island medical care has brought me joy since joining medical school." There may not be many technical elements that could be learned tl-om remote island medical training, but one wishes for young trainees to see the raw form of tbe rned,icaJ care on remote islands and be

moved by it.

6: Brief commentary on a field trip to lwojima, Kagoshima-ken, Japan; and some

comparisons with New Zealand

Herny JOHNSON (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University)

This is a commentary 00 a brier field trip in July 2012 to the slllaU island of Iwojima in Kagoshima prefecture, Japan (I will also include some comparisons with New Zealand). The

trip 1"0 lwojima was organized as pali of the programme for graduate students affiliated to the Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University. Undertaking field study is a primary component of many fields of research, and from an educational perspective such

an exercise bas various assumptions and implications. As well as the underpinning

methodologies of field research in its broadest sense, which can be approached from

numerous different perspectives, these include the practice of situational learning and

experiential learning. Situational learning emphasizes the practice of learning in the context

in which the research is applied, and experiential learning concerns the generation of

meaning from learning experiences. Both of these areas of educational theory have

significance for field study, especially in a small island context in an educational setting that

aims to learn on and from the island. In this paper my aim is to reflect on my own learning experiences of this field trip by focusing on rhese two spheres of learning. Moreover, my conunentary adopts a reflexive approach by critically exploring my own objectives, experiences and observations.

Research Seminars

No.126, 16 April 2012

"The oceanographic cruise and the sea based on past experience" Toshihiro ICHlKAWA (Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University) [ABSTRACT]

Because I specialized in oceanography 1 had an opportunity to go to the North Pacific,

tbe Bering Sea, the South Pacific, and the Indian Ocean by training ship and research ship. I spent approximately 1500 days in the various ship but I joined most in a cruise of Keitenmaru, Kagoshima University. As for the work in the ship including seasickness and the experience at the visiting foreign port during the long tel111 cruise are unforgettable and good memory for me. The oceanographic study does not readily progress,

b

ut

is quite attractive. I wouJd like to report the oceanographic cruise and the sea based on past experience.

No.127, 7 May 2012

"Koshikijil1lfl 110 Toshidon and the UNESCO"

Michacl FOSTER (Indiana University) [ABSTRACT]

In September 2009, thirteen Japanese traditions were added to the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. One of these was "Koshikijima no Toshidon," a New Year's Eve ritual perfonned on the small island of Shimokoshiki-jima off the southwest coast of Japan. What effect does recognition by an internaLional body such as UNESCO have on a local tradition in a small, relaLively isolated community? How does a global designation atl'ect the way tbe islanders perceive and perform their own "intangible cuJtural heritage"? \Vhat are their fears and expectations for the future? Will tourism increase, and if so, what will happen to the tradition? What docs this mean for a relatively isolated island community confronting a rapid decline in population? This paper will introduce Toshidon, and then explore how the islanders have responded to UNESCO's recognition. The material presented is based on ongoing fieldwork in the community of Teuchi, including residence on tbe island since December 0[20J 1.

No.128, 15 May 2012

~'Fukuoka mosque: A case of recent Muslim's community development in Japan" Riwanto TfRTOSUDARMO (Research Ccntcr for Society and Culture, Indonesian Institute of Sciences)

[ABSTRACT]

This is a work-iu-progress of my new research endeavor on tJJe religious life of migrant community in Japan, particularly among the Indonesian Muslims. In 2003-2004 I conducted a study on the Indonesian migrant community - the majority is over stayers - in Oarai,

Ibaraki prefecture, that mostly Minahasan-Christians. In 2004-2005 I observe the Indonesian

migrant community - mostly kenshusei - around Shin-Anjo mosque. Last year I began to

observe the Muslim community around tbe newly constructed mosque in Hakozaki, Fukuoka. The Muslims in Fukuoka Mosque consist of different nationalities, although Egyptian, Bangladeshi and Indonesian seems the dominant groups. Tbe majority of

Indonesian is students and kenshusei from Fukuoka and surroundings suburbs. My interest: among others, is on their e.ff0l1 and mobilization to construct the mosque amidst the alien

religious and cultural surroundings. Through observations and conversations with the

infOlmanLS from this Muslim community I attempt to understand the interaction between the M uslims and the Japanese society that interestingly tolerant and accommodating toward foreigner and Islam in particular. This is a surprise as we are now witnessing the increasing

Islam phobia in Europe and the United States. The increasing number of Muslims and the rapid increased of constructed mosque in Japan in the last two decades is an interesting

phenomenon in which my own observation in Fukuoka should be situated. It is likely that slowly but surely a more diverse and pluralistic society is currently developing in Japan.

No. 129, 25 June 2012

"Island partnership and barter economy: Prospects from tbe ellyiromnelltal Wstory of Amami and Okinawa archipelagos"

Yuji ANKEI (Yamaguchi Prcfecntral University)

[ABSTRACT]

Recently, we have published S0111e 2000 pages of scientific articles, records of

nalTatives, and a big sourcebook on the environmental history of human life in Amami and Okinawa Islands.

This paper aims at an ethnographic reconstruction of barter economics that flourished

during Taisho Era (1912-1926) bctwcen neigbbor islands in Ryukyu Archipelago, belonging to Kagoshima and Okinawa Prefectures, Japan. Based on three decades' field sUlvey in

southem islands of Japan, I would like to have an overview of barter economies that once

flourished in these islands before World War

n

.

The island partners 1 studied were chosen fIom the following areas from south to north: I) Yaeyama, 2) Miyako, 3) Okinawa, 4) Amami Ohshima, 5) Tokara, and 6) Tane-Yaku Islands.

Malinowski (1922) found that Trobriand Islanders practiced kula, a circle of close

of prestige goods, and be also described their gimwali, barter of daily necessities as food. This report is a study ofgimwali of southern Japan around the time of the publication by our ancestor of fieldwork. It is an attempt to the systematic study of barter and primitive money in Japan, and to its implications for the development of partnerships between Asian neighbors i.1l today's global economic crisis.

No.BO,9 July 2012

"Language revitalization on Jersey, Channel Islands"

Henry JOHN SON (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University) [ABSTRACT]

Jersey's historic cultural setting is very much linked with mainland France, and there continues to be close relations, even though the island's political allegiance is with Britain. In this context, for many centuries the lingua frail ea of the islmld was .Ierriais (sometimes refeITed to as Jersey Norman French, Jersey French or patois), a branch of the NOlman language spoken in several varieties around the island. The legal system includes Jersey Legal Frcnch, and French was and is still used in some political contcxts. While many islanders would have spoken Jerriais aJongside Engljsh and French, thus offering trilingualism as a necessary means of in-island, inter-island (i.e., with the other Channel Islands) and off-island (Le., with mainland France or Britain) communication, throughout the twentieth century JelTiais went tluough a stage of rapid decline. Nowadays, JelTiais is spoken by only a small percentage of islanders, estimated in 200 I to be around 2874 people (3.2 percent of the population), with just 113 noting JeITiais as tbeir ftrstlanguage. However, as an historical aspect of island culture the language maintains a high degree of importance in the present day in connection with island identity and heritage. Over the past two decades, for instance, JCITiais has occupied a space of immcnse cultural importance, and language -revitalization is often a feature of educational and political discourse, as well as a topic of intercst by linguistic researchers. On the onc hand lerriais continues to decline in terms of the number of native speakers, yet on the other band there is increasing acknowledgement of tbe language as part oftbe island's cultural heritage and identity, and subsequently tbere bas been increase in public awareness and interest in its pro11]Olion and preservation. It is from this perspective that this paper explores lerriais in terms of is internal and external dimensions in connection with InnbTUage revitalization.

Special Research Seminar, 28 July 2012

"Co·management of coastal resources in Fiji: Focused on FLl\iMA and l\1PAs" Sh.inichiro KAKUMA (Okinawa Prefectural Government)

[ABSTRACT]

The situations of coastal resolU"ces co-management in 6 fishing villages and westem remote islands were studied in 2003 and 2005. Fiji Locally Managed Marine Area

(FLMMA) network has developed recently to manage coastal resources in Fiji. The Fisheries Dcpallmcl1t of the government, the University of the South Pacific and NGOs lead their respective FLMMA sites. At one of the sites, Ucunivanua village, the st.ock of a bivalve "Kaikoso" bas increased even outside of a MPA. The commuuity has monitored the results

of the management. At Sasa village gill-netting had been banned by chiefs in the district

since 1990. Although the resources have been conserved for subsistence fishers, commercial

hand-line and spear fishing boats could be increased to sustainable level. At Kiuva village Bech-dc-mer fishclies are active and may need proper management soon. flesh water aquaculture and sub-surface fish aggregating devices would work as the alternative income sources for the management. Resource ownership of coastal waters may return to the communities aHecting tuture direction of FLMMA.

Coral reef eco-system sustains reef fisheries. However, conflicts between the eco-system conservation and the fisheries development would spread. The conflicts will be discussed through the cases of MPAs, coral reef conservation and eco-tourism in Fiji and Okinawa. When deciding the sizes of MPAs, we need to balance the ideas between bio-diversity conservation and sustainable fisheries. While obtaining quantitative data on

spill-over effects through scientific researches, we should start participatory adaptive management to decide the sizes of MPAs. For the restoration of the damaged coral reefs,

conservation should come first and anthropogenic dishubances to the coral reefs should be eliminated as much as possible. The co-existence of human and coral reefs, however, is also another important goal for the Asia-Pacific. Eco-tourism in Fiji needs to be withi.n the

carrying capacity and to minimize the impacts on fishing and food culture in the villages.

No.l3l, 20 September 2012

"Explosive subaqueous eruptions and their products" Kazuhiko KANO (The Kagoshima University Muse)

[ABSTRACT]

We have almost no oPPOltunity to detect and observe explosive subaqllcous eruptions

unless volcanic gas bubblcs, volcanic ashes, purnices, or scoriac emerge out of watcr or an

eruption plume breaks tile water surface and thrusts into the ajr. The mode and scale of

eruption could be restored by collectively modeling the physical processes that can produce the feanlres of the eruption products rccovered by chance from the watcr bottom or preserved in strata. Working models proposed so far for explosive subaqueous eruptions will be introduced together with plausibly corresponding products. As a case that took place in

close proximity to the place we reside, the explosive subaqueous eruption that formed the

Wakamiko caldera will be discussed also.

No.132, 15 October 2012

"Structure of social change in the prehistoric age on the Ryukyu Archipelago" Takayuki SHINZATO (Research Center for Archaeology, Kagoshima University)

[ABSTRACT]

Prehistoric age on the Ryukyu Archipelago is called tbe shell mound age. It was assumed that the then life was stable under coral reef environments. But it is hardly believed

that the stable life lasted for 8,000 years cbangelessly on these islands.

In respect of exchange and trade activities, there are viewed distinctive periods that stemmed from a social change in the shell mound age. They are largely classified as two

periods: the early shell mound period and the late shell mound period. The ronmer was

mainly alfected by change of earthenware culture through sporadic exchange with Yomoto. The latter was the period in which a social gap among individuals arose from large-scale shell trade activities on tbe base of thc Ryukyu Archipelago. Thc shcll tradc activitics at that time was greatly influenced by a trend of local consumers, and the main districts of supply

and trade as well as locations of villages supposedly varied according to habitats of shellfish. Accordingly, depending on the trend of local consumers in each of the islands, social

structures changed into either complex or simplified. This reveals a limitation of island-type trade society, which is hunting and gathering. In this respect, an agricultural society at the Gusukll period, which Lraded wiLh Yamaio and China, is distinct from the hunting and

gathering society

No. 133, 5 November 2012

"How it came to be accepted that the genealogy of the Amami Islands was annihilated

by fire: The theory in relation to modern and recent history"

Masami YUGE (Council for the Protection of Cultural Properties of Amami-city) [ABSTRACT]

Tbe general belief tbat written records of Arnami genealogy were bumed away and destroyed may have been derived from Histurical SIUI·;es uf Amumi dating back to the end of

the 19th century, but there are no historical records that directly prove the case. In reality, the genealogy that was presumed annihilated still exists. The analysis of the genealogy revealed that the core problem results fr0111 the fact that island officials in office since the

Ryukyu Kingdom had their social stattls reduced to peasantry. [n addition, the lineage does not concem rougbly 98% of tbe Amami popUlation. Here, I would like to shed light on the nonexistence of the destroyed genealogy and to elucidate the feudal clan's underlying

attempt to re-form and re-compose its social stams by submitting their version of the pedigree. Howcvcr, we need to acknowledge tbe fact tbat this themy continued to be

believed for over a century. It is necessary to grasp its background from the historical

perspective of lhe Amami Islands. This will also provide one of the important themes in

reviewing the future methodologies of historical research on tbe Amami Islands.

No.134,3 December 2012

"Forest resources in Papua and West Papua, Indonesia: Problems and challenges"

Hennan j-jlDAYAT (Research Center for tbe Pacific [slands, Kagoshima University) [ABSTRACT]

Lnteraction between people and forest resources in Papua and West Papua, Indonesia. is

very close. Obviously, dependence towards forest resources is very strong due to social

needs and subsistence. For instance, timber and non-timber such as food, medicine, hunting

animals, fuel, etc., are still being exploited from forest resources. Forest resources could be

symbolized as a 'mother' because forests give 'life' for Paplla's community, and they have

been well managed by local communities for several decades.

Forest degradation occun'ed in the Soeharto regime (1967-1998) when the government

treated forest resources as a 'commodity' for economic development. The govclllment

issued several Jogging (HP H) and industrial timber plantation concessions (HT[) for the

private sector to provide 'timber' as raw materials for forestry industries (sawmill, fumiture,

plywood, pulp and paper industry, etc.). The development of the forestry industry continued

in

the RefOlmation Era (l999-present), whose characLeristic was 'decentra1ization'. Local

governments were to manage their own natural resources. In the case of economics, for

instance, by establishing the 'Corporative Sector' (Koperasi) the local govemlnent of Papu. could issue logging (HPH) and industrial timber plantation (HT!) and pa~n oil estate

concessions until it reached approximately 1000 hectares. Thereafter, foresl degradation and

deforestation bave occurred because of a lack of commitments for establishing sustainable

forest management, law enforcement and serious inspection from stakeholders, especially

central and local govemments.

Big soil erosion in Wasior, Teluk Wondama Regency (West Papua) all October 4, 20 I 0, and a large 1100d in March 2007 in the Sentan; region (Papua) occurred probably because of

the consequence of forest degradation and deforestation. The challenge of how to recover

deforestation i.n the upstream (Cycloop conservation) area will have a good effect on

hydrologic and economic sources downstream (Lake Sentani). Loc.1 governments also need

No.l3S, 28 January 2013

"Island as metaphor in contemporary thought -Study of the Deleuzian concept of

Island-"

Kazunori KONDO (Fal:ulty of Law, E~onomic and Humanities, Kagoshirna University)

[ABSTRACT]

In this presentation, we discuss the concept of island in the philosophy of Gilles

Deleuze (1924-1995). In my opinion, the image of Islalld is becoming especially important for the contemporary thought of trying to discuss ecology. I would like to report also on the recent developments in this area.

The Deleuzlan concept of Island (ile) is produced in tbe "Cause et raison des i1cs desertes" which is the oldest of his unpublished texts, and

it

appears again i.n "appendices IJ-Michel Tournier et le moode sans autrui" in Logic dll sells (1969). These texts have

a

common characteristic of including the critical consideration to Daniel Defoe's Robinsull

Crllsoe. Moreover, the latter paper mainly treats consideration about Micbelle Toum.ier's

Velldredi Oll les limbes du pacijiqlle (1967), which can be refetTed to as having realized Dcleuzc's criticism romantically. In this presenraition,

r

also would like to begin

consideration ofrhe Deleuzian concept of lsland by comparing these two novels.

Field Research

2) Interdisciplinary research in Pohnpei and Chuuk states, Federated States of Micronesia,

from August 5th to September 6th 2012.

Geochemical investigation ('Veno) Korea South Pacific Ocean Research Center (Wena)

from Weno to Pi is Island Mosquito collection (Pi is)

Pictures with people in Piis Island SheU colour polymorpbism (Tol)

M

e

mb

e

r

s

&

Th

e

m

es

Shinichi NODA (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University): Survey of Mosquito Habitats on Pingelap Atoll and Piis Island

Shunsuke NAGASHIMA (Rcscarch Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University): Research on the Improvement Efforts by the Public Sector about Health Care, Public Sanitation and Waste Management

Hideo NAKAYA (Faculty of Science, Kagoshima Ulllversity): Geological Environments of the Chuuk (Truk) lslands

Motohiro KAwANIsm (Faculty of Education, Kagoshima University): Ecological Character and Species Diversity of Vegetation on the Chuuk and Pohnpei states

Satom NISHTMURA (Faculty of Law, Economjc and Humanities, Kagoshima University): Household Survey 011 Land Use and Rural Economy

TOl11onari KOTANI (Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University): Investigation of Fishery Resources in lslands of Federated States of Micronesia and Fundamental Survey to Investigate tbe Possibilities of Aquaculture and Stock Enbancement for Those Resources

Hafiz Ur REHMA<'J (Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University): Petrological and GeochemicalInvestigation of the Volcanic Rocks of the Chuuk Island

Kei KAWAl (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University): Shell Colour Polymorphism in Populations of the Intel1idal Gastropod Nerila plicata

Sota YAMAMOTO (Research Cent er for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University): Food Survey on Pingelap Atoll and Piis Island

Recent Publications

+++Book+++

The Islands of Kagoshima (KAWAI K., TERADA R. and KUWAtIARA S. eds., in press)

+++Journal+++ South Pacific Studies

Research Papers

Vol.33, Nol, 2012

RAzON B. C., LLAO L. M. and NAKAGOSHl N.: Success and Failure of Marine Protected Area Management Affecting tlle Fish Catch by Adjacent Fishermen in Sarongani Bay, Mindanao, Philippines

NARSEVW. L.: Poverty Analysis in Vanuatu: A Critical Review and Altemativc FOlmulation

Materials

HIDAYAl H., KONO Y. and LE X. P.: From Plantation Forestry to tbe Pulp and Paper Industry: A Case Study of Vietnam

South Pacilic Studies Vo1.33, No2, 2013

Research Papers

YAMAMOTO S.: Use ofCapsiculIl on Kosrae Island, Federated States of Micronesia

REHMAN H. U., NAKAYA H. and KAWAI K.: Geological Origin of the Volcanic Islands of the Carolinc Group in the Federated States of Micronesia, Vlcstern Pacific

MENG

x.:

A Study of "Senior to Senior Support" at the Time of Disaster ill Amami Oshima: A Case of Supporting Elderly People in the Severe Rainstorm Disaster in Nishinakama Village

+++Reports+++

Occasional Papers No. 53 (February 2013)

Research on the Influence of Globalization and Global Warming on Life in Chuuk Atoll (KAWAI K. and KUWAHARA S. eds.)

Contents

I) The foraminifera of the Chuuk lagoon, and the value as the teaching materials HATTA Akio (Faculty of Education, Kagoshima Univ.)

2) Floristic composition and distribution pattenl of coastal vegetation in Chuuk island, Federated States of M icroncsia

KAwAN1SHJ MOlOhiro (Faculty of Education, Kagoshima Univ.)

3) Shell colour polymorphism of intertidal gastropod in Chuuk state, Federated States of Micronesia

KAwAI Kei (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, KagoshimaUniv.)

4) Improving the foundation of the environment, resources, and life in Chuuk: Pursuing the

progress in public san.itation betterment and the current state of social capital

NAGASHLMA Shunsuke (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, KagoshimaUniv.)

5) Adoption in the changes of family, kinship, and man'iage: A comparative view based on studies from Micronesia and lndia

NAKATANl Sumie (Centet for International Planning, Kagoshima Univ.) 6) Socio-economic influence of overseas Pilipino workers Federal States ofMicrollcsia

NISlIlMURA SatolU (Faculty of Law, Economics, and Humanities, KagoshimaUniv.)

7) Mosquitoes collected on Weno Island, Romonllm Island and Piis Island, Chuuk State,

Federated States of Micronesia (Diptera: Culicidae)

NODA Shinichi (Research Center for the Pacific Islands, KagoshimaUniv.)

8) Use of Capsicum FUlescens in Weno, RomamLill, and Pi is islands, Chuuk Atoll,

Federated States of Micronesia

KAGOSHIMA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CENTER FOR THE PACIFIC ISLANDS

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1-21-24. Korimoto. Kagoshima 890-8580. JAPAN . ffli:llOtc1l1f,BJi: 1 T 1321111'24-1'} TEL: +81-99-285-7394 'iI.!:

it'i

099-285-7394 FAX: +81-99-285-6197 77 i i; 'I 099-285-6197