バーミヤーン遺跡における環境調査（1）―外部環 境と石窟内の温湿度環境―

バーミヤーン遺跡における環境調査（1）―外部環 境と石窟内の温湿度環境―

著者 宇野 朋子, 谷口 陽子, 大竹 秀実, 青木 繁夫

雑誌名 保存科学

号 45

ページ 9‑16

発行年 2006‑03‑31

URL http://doi.org/10.18953/00003651

Creative Commons : 表示 ‑ 非営利 ‑ 改変禁止

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‑nc‑nd/3.0/deed.ja

ȐȸȟȤȸȳᢡួƴƓƚǔ࿢ؾᛦ௹Ძ Üٳᢿ࿢ؾƱჽᆽϋƷภ฻ࡇ࿢ؾÜ

ֳ࿤! ༸ঊȆ౓࢛! ုঊȆఱಅ! ਜ৘Ȇ୒࿐! ้ຳ

ˍȅ͉̲͛ͅ

! ΨȜημȜϋ౷֖͉ཤ֌35°40’-25°20’Ȅ൐ࠐ67°-68°Ȅດࣞ2500m͈५ڡ౷ఝͅպ౾̱̞̀ͥ¹⁾ȃ ఱၘ଻͈ۋ௓Տ෎ఝܨ࢓ئ̜ͤͅȄා໹޳ܨأ͉7.4͠ȄذܬȪ˓࠮ȫ͈໹޳ܨأ͉17.4͠Ȅൃ

ܬȪˍ࠮ȫ͉-5.6̜́ͥ͠^2)Ȅ3)ȃාۼ͈ࣛକၾ͉໹޳́160mm೾ഽ̜́ͤȄ̷͈ఱ໐໦͉ൃܬ̥

ͣ੉ܢ̥̫͈̀ࣛͅୱͥ͢ͅ³⁾ȃ

! ΨȜημȜϋ֒୥͈ಎړ̳ͬ̈́ΨȜημȜϋఱٻ͉ͅȄఱ઀ତຐ͈୞ߢ̦໦ື̱Ȅ̷͈ಎͅ

͉໣ޗ༃ْ͈ຝ̥̹ͦ୞ߢ̦ఉ̩ంह̱̞̀ͥȃಿා̹ͩͥͅई၄͈ྎȄ൐ୌఱ໣ͬ੝̱͛͂

̀ఉ̩͈༃ْ̦෫ٟ͞ൔ৾ͤ͢ͅ৐̧̹ͩͦ̀ȃ̹͘Ȅࡕ̱̞ুட۪ޏͤ͢ͅȄ༃ْ͈Ⴆا͉

࡛ह͜ૺ࣐̱௽̫̞̀ͥȃ໲ا़ࡄݪਫ਼͉́ȄȶΨȜημȜϋ֒୥༗ంমުȷ͈۪̱֚͂̀Ȅ

̭ͦͣ୞ߢͅॼͥ༃ْ͈༗ంਘ໘ͬ৘ঔ̱̞̀ͥ⁴⁾ȃ୞ߢඤͅ८၄̱̞̹̀༃ْ༌͈ٝਓ͂༗ం

࣐̞ͬ̾̾Ȅ࡛ह́͜୞ߢඤͅॼͥ༃ْ͈༗ంਘ໘মު̱͂̀ˍ΃ਫ਼͈୞ߢͬచયͅȄ༃ْ͈

·ςȜΣϋΈ͂༗ంੜၑͬထ೰̱̞̀ͥȃ̯ͣ̈́ͥ૽ևഎ๭ٺͬཡগ̳̹ͥ͛Ȅ୞ߢ͈ٳ࢛໐

͞ͺ·ΓΑσȜΠ͈໾ङ࣐̞̽̀ͥ͜ȃ

! ༃ْ͈༗ంਘ໘̤̞͉̀ͅȄਔ༏۪ޏ͈་ا̦͈̠̓͢ͅ༃ْͅגޣͬဓ̢̞͈̥̀ͥ̾ͅ

̞̀෤՜̱Ȅഐ୨̈́༗ం۪ޏͬࠁ଼̳ͥຈါ̦̜ͥȃ1970ාయͅͼϋΡȆͺέ΄ΣΑΗϋబͅ

ͥ͢ఱ໣Ṅਔ༏͈༗ంਘ໘মު͈ष͉ͅȄఱٻષ໐ͅෳକࠐႹ̦୭౾̯̹̭̥̥ͦ͂ͣͩͥ͜

̠͢ͅȄఱٻͬၠַͦͥࣛ͞ୱٜ̫କ͉୞ߢ͞༃ْͅఱ̧̈́๭ٺͬဓ̢ͥါ̢֦̞͂ͥ⁵⁾ȃକͅ

ͥ͢๭ٺ͈͕̥͜ͅȄാ༃͈ષͅຝ̥̞ͦ̀ͥ༃ْ͉ͅȄକ໦͈૊อȆݟਓͬ߫ͤ༐̳̭͂ͅ

ͥ͢؂͈ଢ଼੄͞ۋ௓ਓੀȄ๷୆໤Ȅ૒໤้͈࿆̈́̓အș̈́Ⴆاါ֦̦ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃ̭͈ͦͣႦ ا͈ૺ࣐͉ͅȄਔ༏̤͍͢܊୞ඤ͈أ৔ഽ͈་ا̦ఱ̧̩גޣ̳̹ͥ͛Ȅ༗ంਘ໘࣐̠ͬषͅ

͉۪ޏ͈་اͬ෤՜̱Ȅ੿ြ͈་൲ͬထ௶̳̭̦ͥ͂ਹါ̜́ͥȃ

! ུ༭͉́Ȅ୞ߢඤ۪ޏ͈෤՜͈̹͛ͅ৘ঔ̱̞۪̀ͥޏࠗ௶̞̾̀ͅ༭̳࣬ͥȃ۪ޏࠗ௶͉

2005ා˓࠮ͅٳই̱Ȅ2005ා11࠮ྎ͈́ࠫ͘ض̦ං̞ͣͦ̀ͥȃ୞ߢඤ͈۪ޏ͂൳শͅȄٸ໐ ܨ࢓ါள͈ࠗ௶࣐̞ͬ̽̀ͥȃΨȜημȜϋ౷֖̤̞̀ͅȄأ৔ഽ͈̈́̓ܖུഎ̈́ܨ࢓ါள͈

೰ܢഎ̈́ࠗ௶̴͉̭͕࣐̤ͦ́͂ͭ̓ͩͦ̀ͣ͘Ḙ͈̏ͦͣΟȜΗ͉ࣽࢃ͈ڰ൲̤̞̀ܲͅਹ

̈́঩ၳ͂̈́ͥȃ

ˎȅ۪ޏ಺औ͈ٽါ

ˎȽˍȅؚٸ۪ޏ಺औ!

! ؚٸ۪ޏ͈಺औ࣐̠̹ͬ͛ȄΨȜημȜϋޗ֗໲اΓϋΗȜؚ͈ષ۪ͅޏ۷௶ܥͬ୭౾̱̹

Ȫৢ૯ˍȫȃٸܨ͈أഽ̤͍͢௖చ৔ഽȄକ໹࿂඾ৣၾȄַࣛၾȄୟୱ૬Ȅ໓࢜໓௸Ȅఱܨգ

͈̈́̓ܖུഎ̈́ܨ࢓ါளͬࠗ௶̱̞̀ͥȃڎࣜ࿒͉1শۼۼڞ̤͍͢10໦ۼڞͅ੊শ౵̱̩͜

͉໹޳౵ΟȜΗͬࠗ௶̱ΟȜΗυ΄Ȝܱ́჏࣐̞ͬ̽̀ͥȃ2005ා˓࠮ͅ௶೰ͬٳই̱̹ȃ۷

௶͉ͅ΅λϋασ২͈ু൲ܨય۷௶ΑΞȜΏοϋͬঀဥ̱̞̀ͥȃ

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ˎȽˎȅ୞ߢඤ۪ޏ಺औ!

! ࡛ह͜༃ْ͈ॼͥ୞ߢȪIȄK3ȄMȄN(a)ߢȫ̤̞̀ͅȄ୞ߢඤ͈أ৔ഽ་൲̦༃ْ͈༗ంે

ఠͅဓ̢ͥגޣͬ෤՜̳̹ͥ͛Ȅ୞ߢඤ̤̞̀ͅߗܨأ৔ഽȄ༃ඤ͈܄କၚ་ا̤͍͢أഽ͈

ࠗ௶࣐̞ͬ̽̀ͥȃأ৔ഽࠗ௶͉ͅ΂ϋΓΛΠ২͈ΟȜΗυ΄ȜȪHOBO-H08ȫͬȄ༃ඤأഽ

̤͍͢܄କၚ་ا͈ࠗ௶͉ͅȄ΂ϋΓΛΠ২͈ΟȜΗυ΄ȜȪHOBO-Micro Stationȫ̷̸ͬͦ

ͦঀဥ̱ȄˍশۼྀͅΟȜΗܱͬ჏̱̞̀ͥȪৢ૯ˎȫȃ଎ˍȡːͅIȄK3ȄMȄN(a)ߢ̷̸ͦ

͈ͦ໹࿂଎̤͍͢υ΄Ȝ୭౾պ౾ͬা̳ȃ੉ܬ͉ͅఱၾ͈ୱٜ̫କ̦ٻ࿂ͬၠ̞ͦͥ͂ͩͦ̀

̤ͤ⁵⁾Ȅၠକͥ͢ͅٻ࿂͈༲ٟ̦ထே̯ͦͥȃ̭͈̠̈́͢କ͈་ا̭̽̀ܳͥ͢ͅȄ༃࿂͈́କ

໦་൲͂༃ْ͈͒גޣͬ෤՜̳̹ͥ͛ȄIߢȄN(a)ߢ͈ܹႨ໐͉ͅକ໦Γϋ΍Ȝͬ୭౾̱ȄܹႨ ໐͈́କ໦ၾ͈་اͬ಺͓̭̱̹ͥ͂͂ȃ̹͘Ȅ൳պ౾ͅأഽΓϋ΍Ȝͬ୭౾̱Ȅأ৔ഽ͈་

൲͜௶೰̱̞̀ͥȃ

IߢȪ଎ˍȫȇIߢ͉ධ࿂̦ٸ໐ͅఱ̧̩ٳ༶̯̹ͦࠁ͈໣Ṅ̜́ͥȃأ৔ഽ͉ࠗ୞ߢ͈઄ષ2.65m

͈̯̜ࣞͥͅୌ௰༃࿂̜̩͖͙ͥͅȪ଎ˍӱȫͅ୭౾̱̹ȃ̭͈պ౾͉ͅܬ୯͉̽̀͢ͅೄో

඾ৣ̦൚̹ͥȃକ໦Γϋ΍Ȝ͉଎ˍӲ͈୞ߢ઄࿂ོͅ୭̱Ȅ൳պ౾ͅأഽΓϋ΍Ȝོͬ୭̱̹ȃ

̹͘Ȅ଎ˍӳതͅأഽΓϋ΍Ȝོͬ୭̱̹ȃ

K₃ߢȪ଎ˎȫȇK₃ߢ͉ධ௰͈ஜ৒ͅ࿂̱̹ٳ࢛̦̜ͤȄ൐࿂Ȅཤ࿂͉̯ͣͅ઀̯̞୞ߢ͂ႋ୪

̱̞̀ͥȃஜ৒͉ධ௰ͅٸܨͅ࿂̱̹ٳ࢛໐̦֚΃ਫ਼͂Ȅୌ௰͈୞ߢͅ௽̩ٳ࢛໐̦֚΃ਫ਼̜

ͥȃ๤ڛഎ؈̧࣐͈ࢩ̞୞ߢ̜́ͥȃأ৔ഽ͉ࠗ୞ߢඤ͈ड͜؈ͅպ౾̳ͥ໣ṄӱȪ୞ߢ઄ષ 1.43mȫ͂ஜ৒͈͂ۼ͈౷തӲͅ୭౾̱̹ȃ

MߢȪ଎ˏȫȇMߢ͉༃ْ͈ൔඳͬ๰̫̹ͥ͛ͅȄٸܨͅ࿂̳ͥධ௰ව࢛ͤͬ࿐ୋ͈๠͂඾ۙ

̱τϋ΄́໾ङ̱̞̀ͥȃ๠໐ոٸͅٸ໐ͅ࿂̳ͥٳ࢛͉ྫ̞ȃఱٻ͈ນ࿂̥͉ͣȄˍmոષ

͈࢚͙͈̜ͥ༃̞͂̈́̽̀ͥȃഛ͉֔ࣞ2.26ḿ̜ͤȄ๤ڛഎޛ̞୞ߢ̜́ͥȃأ৔ഽ͉ࠗ୞

ߢඤ͈ड͜؈̜ͥͅ໣ṄȪ୞ߢ઄ષ1.43mȫͅ୭౾̱̹ȃ

N(a)ߢȪ଎ːȫȇN(a)ߢ͉ධ௰Ȅୌ௰͈ˎ΃ਫ਼ͅ઀̯̈́ٳ࢛̦̜ͥȃഛ͉֔ࣞˎm೾ഽ̜́ͤ

ယୟ͈઀̯̈́୞ߢ̜́ͥȃN(a)ߢ͉ܹ́Ⴈ໐̤͍͢୞ߢඤ͒ၠࣺ͚ͦକ໦͈גޣͬ෤՜̳̹ͥ

͛ͅȄକ໦Γϋ΍Ȝ͂أഽΓϋ΍Ȝͬٻ࿂͈ܹႨ໐໦Ȫ଎ːӲȫͅ୭౾̱̹ȃ̹͘Ȅأ৔ഽࠗ

ͬ୞ߢඤ͈઄ષ̯ࣞ1.3mͅ୭౾̱̹Ȫ଎ːӱȫȃ

! ! ! ! ! ৢ૯ˍ! ܨય۷௶ΑΞȜΏοϋ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ৢ૯ˎ! أ৔ഽࠗ୭౾ેޙ

ˏȅٸ໐ܨય

ˏȽˍȅأഽȆ௖చ৔ഽ!

! ଎ˑͅ2005ා˓࠮10඾̥ͣ11࠮28඾͈́͘ٸܨأ̤͍͢ٸܨ௖చ৔ഽ͈඾डࣞ౵Ȇड೩౵͈

་اͬা̳ȃ˓࠮̥ͣ10࠮ષ੐͉́͘Ȅٸܨأഽ͉͕͖඾ڛओ18͠೾ഽ́་ا̱̤̀ͤȄ඾ͅ

ͥ͢ओ։͉઀̯̞ȃ10࠮ಎ੐ͅවͥ͂ܨأ͉ఱ̧̩ئ̦ͤड೩ܨأ̦ຕതئ͂̈́ͥȃ೩أ͈̹

͛௖చ৔ഽ͈་൲͉̱̩̦ࠣ̈́ͥȄ୲చ৔ഽ͈་൲͉ˍȡːg/kg(DA)͈ํսඤ̜ͤͅఱ̧̩̈́

̞ȃ

! ! ! ! ଎ˍ! Iߢ໹࿂଎ȆA-A’౯࿂଎! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ଎ˎ! K₃ߢ໹࿂଎

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ଎ˏ! Mߢ໹࿂଎! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ଎ː! N(a)ߢ໹࿂଎

ɜأ৔ഽࠗ୭౾պ౾

ɣକ໦ၾΓϋ΍ȜȆأഽΓϋ΍Ȝ୭౾պ౾

ֳ࿤! ༸ঊȆ౓࢛! ုঊȆఱಅ! ਜ৘Ȇ୒࿐! ้ຳ ༗ంشڠ! No.45 12

ˏȽˎȅࣛକၾȆ඾ৣၾ!

! ˓࠮̥ͣ10࠮ئ੐͉́͘ୀഛ͈඾ș̦௽̧Ȅࣛକ̦͙̹ͣͦ඾̴͉̥ͩତ඾̜́ͥȃ11࠮ͅ

වͤ10mm/day೾ഽ͈ࣛକ̦̜ͥȃ඾ୟॳ඾ৣၾ͉Ȅఊုࣞഽ̦̩ࣞୀഛ͈඾̦௽̩˓࠮͉ͅ໹

޳3.5MJ/dayȄఱܨ൫ًၚ͉0.7೾ഽ̜́ͥȃ඾ৣၾ͉12࠮̫࢜̀ͅࡘઁ̱Ȅ11࠮͈ୀഛশ͉

2.5MJ/dayȪఱܨ൫ًၚ0.8೾ഽȫȄචഛশ͉ͅ1MJ೾ഽ͂̈́ͥȃ

! ୀഛশ͈໹޳എ̈́ఱܨ൫ًၚ͉Ȅକ໦ಎ͈କ૊ܨၾ̦ઁ̞̈́ൃܬ͈༷̦ذܬ̞ͤࣞ͢͜͞͞

߹̦̜࢜ͥȃ

଎ˑ! ٸܨأഽ̤͍͢௖చ৔ഽ͈඾डࣞ౵͂ड೩౵

ˏȽˏȅ໓௸Ȇ໓࢜!

! ໓௸͉Ȅࡿஜಎ͉ྫ໓ͅ߃̩တ̥̫࣫̀ͅఱ̧̩̈́ͤˎȡːm/s೾ഽ͂̈́ͥȃ࿡ۼ͉ˎm/s೾

ഽ͈໓௸̦̜ͥȃ˓࠮̥ͣ11࠮͉́͘ܬ୯ͅջ̴̭͈̠ͣ̈́͢߹̦࢜ࡉͣͦͥȃ֚඾͈डఱ͈

໓௸͉10m/sஜࢃ̜́ͤȄ৽ͅ12ȡ17শ͈ۼ࡛ͦͥͅȃ৽໓͉࢜ධධୌ̜́ͥȃ

ːȅ୞ߢඤ͈أ৔ഽ۪ޏ

! ଎˒ͅIȄMȄN(a)ߢ͈أ৔ഽ་൲ͬা̳ȃ2005࠮˓࠮ˑȡ˕඾͂11࠮ˑȡ˕඾͈ˑ඾ۼࠗͅ

௶̯̹͈̜ͦ́ͤ͜Ȅ̷̸͈ͦͦܬ୯͈యນഎ̈́་اͬা̱̞̀ͥȃ

! ˓࠮͈ٸܨأഽ͉Ȅड̦ࣞ26͠ஜࢃȄड೩̦10͠ஜࢃ́඾ڛओ͉15͠೾ഽ̜ͥȃIߢ͉ٸܨ͢

ͤ͜඾ڛओ̦઀̯̩10͠೾ഽ̜́ͥȃN(a)ߢ͈඾ڛओ͉Iߢ̯ͤͣ͢ͅ઀̯̩Ȅ˒͠೾ഽ̜́ͥȃ

Iߢ͉ٸ໐ͅࢩ̩ٳ༶̯̞̹ͦ̀ͥ͛ͅȄٸܨ͈͂۟ܨၾ̦ఉ̩ȄN(a)ߢ͂๤ڛ̳ͥ͂ٸܨ་൲

͈גޣͬఱ̧̩਋̢̫̞̞̀ͥ͂ͥȃ௖చ৔ഽ͉Ȅٸܨ͈৔ഽ་൲ͅ೏ଟ̱̞̀ͥȃIߢȄN(a) ߢ͂͜ͅ඾ಎ͈୲చ৔ഽ͉ٸܨ͈୲చ৔ഽ͕͖͂་̞̦ͩͣ̈́Ȅ࿡ۼ͉୞ߢඤ͈༷̦ٸܨͤ͢

̩ࣞ̈́ͥ͜ȃ୞ߢඤ͈௖చ৔ഽ͉Ȅ඾ಎ́͜40ɓ೾ഽȄ࿡ۼ͉ͅˑɓ́͘೩ئ̳ͥȃ

! Mߢ͉ͅ༃ْ͈ൔඳཡগ͈̹͛ͅ๠ͬ୭౾̱̞̀ͥȃܨأ͈඾་൲̦ྫ̩͕͖14֚́͠೰́

̜ͥȃٸ໐ͅ࿂̱̹๠ͬ໾ङ̱̹̹͛ͅȄٸܨ͈͂۟ܨၾ̦๱ુͅ઀̯̩̈́ͥȃ̹͘Ȅਔս͉

̳͓̀ˍmոષ͈࢚̯͈̜ͥ܊̜̹ٞ́ͥ͛Ȅٸ໐͈۪ޏ་൲ͬޭ͛̀਋̫̩̩ͅȄ̷̯ͣͅ

͈෎ယၾ̽̀͢ͅأഽ̦֚೰ͅ༗̹̞ͦ̀ͥ͂ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃ

! 11࠮͈Iߢ͈أഽ͉ٸܨͤ͢͜໹޳എ̞ࣞͅ౵̞͂̈́̽̀ͥȃأ৔ഽ͉ࠗୌ௰͈༃࿂ͅ୭౾̱

̞̹̀ͥ͛Ȅࡿஜಎͅ൐̥͈ͣ඾ৣͬೄ୪ͅ਋̫Ȅݢࠣͅܨأ̦ષઌ̱̞̀ͥȃൃܬ͉ఊုࣞ

᦬ ᦬ ᦬ ᦬ ᦬

᷷ᐲᦨ㜞୯ ᷷ᐲᦨૐ୯ 4*ᦨ㜞୯㧕 4*ᦨૐ୯

᷷ᐲ=͠?⋧ኻḨᐲ=㧑?

ഽ̦೩̞̹͛ͅȄ୞ߢඤͅೄో඾ৣ̦ओ̱ࣺ͚̹̜͛́ͥȃIߢ͈ୌ௰༃࿂͉඾ৣ̽̀͢ͅ൳အ

͈أഽષઌ̦ࣉ̢ͣͦͥȃN(a)ߢ͜Iߢ൳အͅ୞ߢඤ͈ܨأ͉໹޳എͅٸܨ̩̞ͤࣞ̈́̽̀͢͜

ͥȃN(a)ߢ́͜ȄIߢ͕͉̞̦̓́̈́඾ಎͅ඾ৣ̦ৣව̢̱̞̞̀ͥ͂ͥȃ୞ߢඤ͈௖చ৔ഽͬ

˓࠮͂๤ڛ̳̩ͥ͂ࣞ̈́ͤȄ60ɓ߃̩́͘ષઌ̳ͥ඾̦̜ͥȃٸܨ͈௖చ৔ഽ་൲̦ఱ̧̞̹

͛ͅḘ͈̏גޣͬ਋̫̞̀ͥȃ̱̥̱୲చ৔ഽ̷͙͈́ͥ͂་൲̷͉͕ͦ̓ఱ̧̩̞̈́ȃ

! Mߢ͉˓࠮͂་̴ͩͣȄಓ࿡͈་൲̦ྫ̩͕͖15͈֚͠೰౵ͬ༗̞̽̀ͥȃٳ࢛໐ͬ໾ङ̱

̹̭͂ͤ͢ͅȄಓ࿡̴͈͙̈́ͣܬ୯ۼ͈أഽ་൲̦ဲଷ̯̞ͦ̀ͥȃ௖చ৔ഽ͕͖֚͜೰ͅ༗

̹̤ͦ̀ͤȄ๱ુͅհ೰̱̹۪ޏ̢̜̞ͥ͂ͥͅȃ

ˑȅ̤ͩͤͅ

! ΨȜημȜϋ֒୥̤̞̀ͅȄ୞ߢඤͅॼ̯̹ͦ༃ْ༌͈༗ం۪ޏͬ෤՜̳̹ͥ͛ͅȄ֒୥ਔ

༏͈ܨય۷௶̤͍͢୞ߢඤ͈۪ޏࠗ௶ͬ৘ঔ̱̞̀ͥȃ

! ௶೰࣐̹ͬ̽୞ߢ͈أ৔ഽ۪ޏ͉Ȅٸ໐͈͒ٳ࢛͈֑̞ͤ͢ͅఱ̧̩։̈́ͥȃٸܨͅ࿂̱̹

ٳ࢛̦ఱ̧̞ߢ͉Ȅٸܨ͈་൲ͬ਋̫Ȅ඾ৣ͈ව̦̜ͤͥાࣣ͉ͅݢࠣͅܨأ̦ષઌ̳ͥȃ֚

༷Ȅٳ࢛໐ͬ໾ङ̱̹୞ߢ͉́Ȅذܬ̥ͣൃܬ̥̫͕͖֚̀ͅ೰͈أ৔ഽ̦ංͣͦȄհ೰̱̹

۪ޏ̜ͥͅȃࣽࢃḘ͈̠۪̏̈́͢ޏ͈་ا̦୞ߢͅॼ̯̹ͦ༃ْ͈̠̓̈́͢ͅגޣͬဓ̢͈ͥ

̥ͬ࠿൦̳ͥထ೰̜́ͥȃ

४ࣉ໲ࡃ!

ˍȫEast View Cartographic, Minneapolis, ‘Terrain Analysis of Afghanistan’, pp.152-154 (2003)

ˎȫDe Planhol, W., Tarzi, Z. and Balland, D., ‘Bamian’, In Ehsan Yarshater (ed.), Encyclopaedia Iranica,

଎˒! ୞ߢඤأഽ̤͍͢௖చ৔ഽ

ȪऒȪ˓࠮ȫȪષȇأഽȄئȇ௖చ৔ഽȫȄֲȪ11࠮ȫȪષȇأഽȄئȇ௖చ৔ഽȫȫ

ᄖ᳇

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᷷ᐲ=͠?

᦬

⋧ኻḨᐲ=㧑?

㪌ᣣ䇭㩷㩷䇭㪍ᣣ䇭䇭㩷䇭㪎ᣣ䇭㩷㩷㩷㩷㪏ᣣ㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪐ᣣ

᷷ᐲ=͠?

᦬

⋧ኻḨᐲ=㧑?

㪌ᣣ䇭㩷㩷䇭㪍ᣣ䇭䇭㩷䇭㪎ᣣ䇭㩷㩷㩷㩷㪏ᣣ㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㪐ᣣ

ֳ࿤! ༸ঊȆ౓࢛! ုঊȆఱಅ! ਜ৘Ȇ୒࿐! ้ຳ ༗ంشڠ! No.45 14

vol. III, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul., pp.657-661 (1989)

ˏȫMargottini, C.,: ‘The geomorphological instability of the Buddha niches and surrounding cliff in Bamiyan valley (Central Afghanistan)’. Paper presented at International Coordination Committee for the Safeguarding of Afghanistan’s Cultural Heritage (ICC), 16-18 June 2003, UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, pp.2-4 (2003)

ːȫTaniguchi Y. and Aoki S.: ‘Conservation Proposal (Chapter 6-2)’, Protecting the World Heritage Site of Bamiyan: Key Issues for the Establishment of a Comprehensive Management Plan 2004, JCICC, NRICP, Japan (2005)

ˑȫLal, B. B.: ‘Conservation of murals in the Bamiyan valley, Afghanistan’, Conservation of Cultural Properties in India, 5, pp.83-95 (1970)

΅ȜχȜΡȇΨȜημȜϋȪBamiyanȫȈܨય۷௶Ȫmeteorological observationȫȈ୞ߢඤ۪ޏ Ȫthermal environment in cavesȫ

Environmental Investigations in the Bamiyan Site (I) : Meteorological Condition and Thermal Environment in Caves

Tomoko UNO, Yoko TANIGUCHI, Hidemi OTAKE and Shigeo AOKI

Outdoor environment influences the microclimate of caves and the condition of mural paintings. However, sufficient meteorological observation has not been made in the Bamiyan area. In order to monitor basic weather elements (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and its direction, solar radiation, amount of rain fall and depth of snow) of the Bamiyan site, an automatic weather station was installed on the rooftop of the Bamiyan Centre for Cultural Heritage Conservation. Furthermore, the microclimates in the caves are being monitored. Air temperature and relative humidity in Caves I, K₃, M and N (a), and moisture content in the walls of Caves I and N (a) are being measured. Obtained data indicate that the conditions in Caves I and N (a) received a strong impact from outdoor conditions since these caves had openings to outside. The diurnal range of the outdoor temperature was 15ºC, and that in Cave I was 10ºC whilst that in Cave N (a) was 6ºC. This difference between the data of Caves I and N (a) could be due to the size of the openings to outside. Cave M was closed by a wooden door and brick wall. The data showed that its interior condition was quite stable. The temperature was around 15ºC without any daily fluctuations. This condition might be favourable for the state of conservation of the mural paintings.

ֳ࿤! ༸ঊȆ౓࢛! ုঊȆఱಅ! ਜ৘Ȇ୒࿐! ้ຳ ༗ంشڠ! No.45 16