Vol.63 , No.3(2015)205熊谷 孝司「Gargasmphita第39章の構成について」

NII-Electronic Library Service

Jburnal

oflhdian

andBudUhist StucfiesVbl.

63,

No.

3,

March

2015

(97)

The

Constmction

of

the

Gargasarnhita

Chapter

39

KuMAGAI

Koji

1.

Introduction

The

descriptions

of omens or auspiciousness are appeared

in

various texts,and are

im-portant

for

understanding theconcept of cosmology

in

ancient India.Though the

impor-tance ofthese textsiswell known, only littleresearch hasbeen done,and therefbrethere is

room

for

studying on themanuscripts

(MSS)

related tothese texts.

The

GargasamhitE

(GSamii)

,

i)

when

is

addressed inthis_paper,

is

accredited toGarga,and

its

contents might

be

earlier than other well-known and

_published

texts,which describeon omens, auspi-ciousness, or those

documents

based

on the theory of Garga, such as the Bghatsaiphita

(BghSarph),2)

the AtharvavedapariSi$ta

(A]VPariS)

3) and the Matsyapurapa

(Matsya-Pur).

4)_The

causes of omens are especially explored

in

the GSamb

39,

and other textshave

fbllowed

the

Garga's

discourse.

Therefbre,

this

_paper

will conduct a comparative study of

theabove-mentioned will

be

done,

thatcontributes toa

better

understanding of the

_process

ofcompiling thetexts.

2.

The

'Ibxts

and the

Scope

As

indicated

abeve, most of the GSarph are stillinthe state of MSS. The study of

GSarnli41 Yugapurana, theGSafph

41

told thatthetextswas

probably

composed around

25 BCE5) Although theauthor

is

traditionallyconsidered tobe Garga,theGSaTph lacksthe

authenticity of

having

a single author

like

theBIhSarnh atthisstage.Therefbre,thisstudy

will

focus

on the

GSarph

39

and theapplicable chapters ofthe other texts.For example, the

GSarnh

39

is

also edited with nine MSS, 6)while Adl)hutas5gara

(AdbhutaS,

12th_century

CE)

7) and

Adbhutadarpana

(AdbhutaD,

13thcentury

CE)

S) are used as the source

fbr

supplementary informationon the corresponding _passages

in

the

MSS.

The AVPariS isa supplement totheAtharvaveda

(AV)

.9)

It

is

noteworthy to

_point

out

-1191-(98)

The

Censtruction

ofthe

GargasarphitA

Chapter39

(K.

KuMAGAi)

thatone should consider the

_possibi]ity

thateach of thechapters was composed separately, and was arranged tothe

_present

fbrm

in

the

later

_period.

The BghSamh

is

a

book

of

divination

containing encyclopedic

infbrmation

on astrology, and

its

author Varahamihirawas an

imperial

court astrologer

in

6thcentury

CE.

Again,the

MatsyaPur _possessesmany similar centents of theBxhSarph,and

its

applicable chapters are regarded asa

_part

ofthe Rajadharma

(the

king's

duty)

.

tO)

3.

The

Structures

of

the

T}exts

Focusingon thetwelve itemsexplained

in

theGSamb

39,

thecontents ofthe

GSarph

39 and theircorresponding

_parallel

_passages

of other related textsare as

fbllows:

GSaTph 39:i.ra$trotpatika niScaya

1-23,

ii.ra$trotpAto devatacestita24-42,

iii.

jyoti$o

'vabhasavaikgta 43-56, iv.sasyavaikxta 57-64ab, vi. var$avaikKtalvx$tivaikgea

92ab,

vii. nadivaikgta

92cd-102ab,

viii.

jfiyavaiklta

102cd-117ab,

ix.

vayuvaikxta

117cd-130ab,

x. mxgapaksivaikgea

131cd-150cd,

xi. akAlotpatika 151-167,xii.

patikamrajfistakarp sarnaptam cotpEtalak$anam

168-204.

BIhSamh

45.

Utpatalaksapa

(The

name ofitems noted

by

Utpala)

:

i.

I-7,

ii.

8-17

vaikgeam), iii.18-24

(agnivaikpam),

iv.

33-37

(sasyavaikpam),v.

25-32

tam), vi. 38-45

(v;$tivaikptam),

vii. 46-5e, viii. 51-54

(prasavavaikpam,

davaikgeam),

ix.59-64

(vEyavyavaikptam),

x.

65-72

(mlgapaksyfidivaikgtam),

xi.

73-80

(Sakradhvajendrakiladivaikpam)

.

AVParigii)70b Gargyani,70c BArhaspaty5pi:

i.

70b

1.1-1.5,

ii

.70c

29.3-31.7,

iii.

70b

19.5-22.3,

iv.

70b

72-10.1,

v.

70b

72-10.1,

vL

70b

17.2c-19.4,viiL 70b 10.2-11.3,ix. 70b 2.1-4.2,x. 70c

26.4-29.2,

xi. 70b

13.4-17.2b.

MatsyaPur i2)

(The

chapter number):L

228,

ii.

229,

iii.

230,

iv.

231,v. 232,vi. 233,viii.

234,ix.235,x. 236,xi.

237,

xii.

237.

AdbhutaS

(The

_pages of edition):

i.

_p.5ffl,ii._p.424ffL,iii._p.

416ff

iv._p.

441ff:,

v. p.

441

fZ,

vi.

_p.

375ff,

vij._p.

409ff,

viii._p.

559ff:,

ix.

_p.468fll,x._p.563ffL,xi.

p.

441ff:

AdbhutaD

(The

chapter number): i.2,ii.43,iii.14,iv.47, v. 47,vi. 37,vii. 40,viii.54,

ix.

34,

x. 58,xL 45.

4.

GSarph

Chapter

39,

the

Twelfth

Item

NII-Electronic Library Service

The Constructionofthe GargasarphitaChapter39

(K.

KuMAGAi)

(99)

twelfth

item)

_passages

from

the

MatsyaPur

237.

Hence,

thetextsare added as an appendix, and are _placedtogetherwith a number ofparallel _passages

from

the

MatsyaPur.

The twelfthitemof the

GSamh

39

is

named as `Cthe

chapter

(adhyaya)

about omens of

the King consisting eight omens

in

the

kingdom."

The narning method used

here

is

not standard, as other

items

deal

with thenatural

_phenornenon

as such as "images

of

_god,"

"grain," "fbrest,"

and "rain." _Even

though thereare eightclauses inthis

item,

it

is

not

com-posed

as an

individual

chapter. Furtherrnore,thecondition _ofthe MSS inthis

item

is

_poor as well. These could be the reason why the other related-omen collection texts

did

not adopt thisitem.

IntheGSamh manuscript, only the_portionof the_parallel

_passages

of

the

text

hardly

ex-ists

in

the _good condition. Inthe manuscript, the netation "-"

(like

a hyphen)

is

_used

where the

letters

are missing, and

it

shows thatthe condition ofthereferenced manuscript

itself

is

not

_good.

Between

the

GSaiph

and theMatsyaPur, thereisa conspicuous

coinci-dence

after

GSamh

39.186

and MatsyaPur

237.12cd.

And one ofthe remarkable

correspon-dence

isabout the

imposition

ofthetax

by

the_greedy

king.

This

kind

of

king's

omens of

GSamh

39.192cd

and MatsyaPur 237.14cd doesnot include

in

the utp5ta.

This

does

net seem to

be

a coincidental _parallel.

On theother hand,the continuous

description

of theeleventh and thetwelfth

item

of the

GSarph

39

are

described

as a _{single chapter}

in

the

MatsyaPur

237

in

its

_{corresponding}

par-allel_passages.We may say thateither thesource ofthe MatsyaPur might

be

themanuscript similar totheone used

in

this

_paper,

or

it

representsthetheoryof

Garga.

Of

course, we

do

not

have

suMcient evidence tospecify thatonly becauseof the_poorcondition of

his

refer-enced MSS, theeditor ofthe MatsyaPur might havecompiled two

items

in

the

_single

chap-ter.

5.

Conclusion

Itseems thatthetheory of Garga whose composition

is

_{very similar} to_theMSS _used

in

thisstudy remains

in

the

background

ofthe MatsyaPur.

Ptipa-and _apacara- are both importantconcepts, due to the_{results of realized omens,} and they have

been

_reconsidered befbre.i3)Thishasbeen done _{on the}

basis

_{of the MSS,}

which adopted the

description

of "raja-apacdra."

On

theother side, the

AdbhutaS

and the

AdbhutaD i4) also adopt the"nara-apacEra," _despite

their method

is

to cite the theory of

-(100)

TlieConstructionefthe Gargasarphit5Chapter39

(K.

KuMAGAr)

Garga

directly.

Consequently,this_paper

_prepeses

a

hypothesis,

as

fbllovvs.

The

description

ofthe

GSamh

MSS

might

have

fixed

befbre

the other related-omen

col-lection

texts.The

_great

dynasties,

such as the Gupta,haye ruled

before

these textswere written. iS)

Since

the

forrn

of a country's _government shifts along with itssocial structure,

it

is

natural toassume thattheobject ofpacification changed from theking'ssin tonation's

16)

one.

Afterconsidering every

factor,

itisdifficultto specify the periodof the

GSarph

39.

Again,

fbcusing

on the

GSamb

39 of the 6Samh MSS used

in

this_paper,

it

supports the above-mentioned hypothesis,and

it

!eads

us tosay thatthe

MSS

ofGSaTph might

be

closer

totheoriginal theorythantheother texts.

Appendix. Ilextsfiromthe

GSarph

39

17)

xii.rdstroipatikatn rEli'as-.

Iakam

samiiptam co4)atalaksauaip

39.168ab

atha rdy'nNam aris.

_gdni

vindsiepratyupasthite 1

39.

1

68cdpureFu

samprad.rsy' ante _yani tani

bravimi

te

11

39.169ab_agniryatrana dipyeta

hilyambndsu

siantis,u!

(MatsyaPur:

237.6cd)

39.169cdptirrpakumbhah

...

(6

syllables) ...vikiipi lupati11i8)

(MatsyaPur:

237.7cd)

39.170ab

mangalaS ca Suno_yatra

Srilyante

na samantatah 1

(MatsyaPur:

237.8ab)

39.170cd

ksavaclhtirclharane

vopiprahasanti rudonti ca

ll

(MatsyaPur:

237.8cd)

39.171ai)

na ca

dZtamena

bhijtdniyathEtvatpariraksate

f

(MatsyaPur:

237.9ab)

39.171cd

vanttthate

hasate

cdsya

katyamprakg'titoyada

/1

(MatsyaPur:

237

9cd)

39.172ab

_grhyateva nabhogesu

bhukeo

bhogo

nabhitava

!

(MatsyaPur:

237.1Ocd)

39.172cd

dsramandsramasthdsica vistrasanti hasativa fl

39.173ab

tivraduedom vipresu...

(5

syllables) ...

dZiru4am

!]9)

39.173cdarthandsyaprasiddhyanti rdstrarp va'syapratusyati

11

39.174ab

bra-hma"am suhgrdb 'mbtydu mamtrin. aS ciivamaayate

!

39.174cd

vilamvantipraydtlisu na capriiptamp vivasyati/1

20)---39.179ab

vairadurbhiks. arogebh>ro rastrape napariraksati

1

39.179cd

arthalobhapraliipais' ca amjtyapunisais tathb

ll

39.180ab

etaih._praliipaih.namate na silistraSrutihaarpaih,1

39.

1

80cd

maryadZi sarvadharmdptm sanivitiham

_pracia,Sanam

ll

NII-Electronic Library Service

The Constmctionof theGargasarphitEChapter39(K. KuMAGAI)

₍₁₀₁₎

39.

1

8

1

cd

_proja-

rby'nNahsusiurds ca

Sucin

v.rddhan _guri2iristatha11

39.182abetan namasyasvamatatprojay- dm

kurute

manah !

39.1

82cd

devopaghate

duhsvapne

santatinam ca clansiane

f!

39.183ab

SantimangalahomeFu

ndstikyarp bhojate_sada

!

(MatsyaPur:

237.11ab)

39.

1

83cd

deSepuresu sendsu vindse

_{pratyupasthite}

ff

39.184ab

is.

_(dni

copy anis,

_gani

durSayan

ctevacoditah!

39.184cd

dZinesu

ch"avyarp

brahmasvam

devaclraio?ampstrlyo

dhanamp

//

39.185ab_prahasya

harate

rdy-a-vina-s'epratyupasthite

1

39.185cd

evam eva nimittbni

bhavanti

vinis'isyatah

lf

39.186ab

brahmarpa-nprathamam

dvesri

brbhmanais'

ca vircvlyate

1

(MatsyaPur:

237.I2cd)

39.186cd

brahma41tsvani

ciidatte

brdhma4a-m.

S

cajighdnsati

!f

(MatsyaPur:

237.13ab)

39.187ab

tatrasmarati

kgetyesu

_yacitasieabhisilyati

1

(MatsyaPur:

237.13cd)

39.187cdramate nindoya cais.am _praSaptsannabhinanciati

!!

(MatsyaPur:

237.14ab) 39.188abtato 'syadeSo

ndsdya

_gacchate

ndsya _sevaya1

39.

1

88cd

ucitbni ca varttante rby'nNah_{pu4yahavacane}

/!

39.189abdsanadiniviprb4am claksin, ampvd na _{sadhu tat}

1

39.189cdnadiilyantej'itakrocthds tesu

dejesu

hrdhma4ak

/!

39.190ab

simasianam

ivatedeSahbrithmauaih,

_parivau'itah

!

39.190cdpTlipnuvanticirdit kalatksayampva _yadi

badhantii?t

11

39.191ab

brahma4esv

_apraSastesu

na _pratis.

(hanti

devatdlp

/

39.

1

9

1cd

daivatesv

_apratis.

tesu

_proja-namavisanharah

lf

39.192ab

Serate

tesu

deSesu

rdksasa-h.

kamariipin.

_ah

1

(MatsyaPur:

237.14cd)

39.192cd_apitrvantu

haram

rby'a-lobhatpatayate_yadd

11

39.193ab

na tatra

deSds

tis.

_ehanti

riij'adu4dena _pi4itah

1

39.193cd

de"esu

hipranastesu

nagararp tad cthinalyati

11

1)

Garga:Gfirgya

(Stt,

_Ar,

Up +), Gargas

(K5th

+), G5rga

_(Br

+). Forthe sake ofconvenience,

thetitle"Gargasarphita"

isused inthis_paper.However, thereare many titlesinthemanuscripts, and

themanuscript isattributed with many titlesinthecolophon. 2

)

Dvivedin_Sudhakara,ed., Bgrhat-samphitd ",ith BhatFoipala's

Cbmmentarly,2vols.

(Banaras,

1895and 1897;repr., AvadhaVihdri

TripE-thi,ed.,Brhatsamphitd

by

P2zrahamihiracaryawith the Commentary

_{ofBhattoipala,}

₂vols.

[Vat:anasi,

1968]

)

;HendrikKern,ed., 711ieBrhatsapahita

of

frZxrbhamihira,BibliothecaIndica

(Calcutta,

1865)_.

3

₎

G.M. Bellingand J.v. Negelein,eds., 71heParis'is.tas

ofthe

Atharvavedo,'7Iixt_and aitical

mp-

-1195-(102)

[IbeConstmctionofthe GargasarphitaChapter39

(K.

KuMAGAi)

paratus

(Leipzig,

1909-1910). 4) HariNdrayarpaApte,ed., AnandaSrama SanskritSeries54,

(Poona,

1907).Visrpudharmottarapurana

(VisrpudharrnottaraPur)

also contains _{parallelpassages.}

Sas-triCirudeva,ed., S'rivis._{pudharmottarapurduam,2vols.}

(De]hi,

1985).

5)

C£ JohnE. Mitchi-ner, 711ielhgaPura-n.a criticallyEdited,with an English7}-anslationand a Detailedintroduction,

sec-ond revised edition,BibliothecaIndicaSeries,no. 312

(Kolkata:

The AsiaticSoeiety,2002), pp.

92-94.

6)

CflMitchiner,_pp.21-30.Kumagai Koji

tte.

:}2M,

"Gargasarphit2 dai

39 sha ni tsuite"Gargasamhiti

as

39

g

V:

' )Vli-(

, indogakuBorkkyo-gakukenkyfi

EPR\'ttstye}eliJf

za

55,no. 2

(2007),

pp.789-795

(234-240).

7) PanditaMuraliDhara Jha Jyautishacharya, ed., Tl,e

Adbhutasjigara

_by

VtrllalaSena Deva

(Benares,

1905). 8)

siriramacandra

Jha,ed.,

Adbhuta-dunoa4a

_(Darbhahga,

1984). 9) AVParisi67hasbeen_provedtobeolder thantheBlhSarnh.

CfiTsLijiNaoshiro,"On _{theFormationofthe} Adbhuta-BrAhmarpa,"Annals

ofthe

BhandurkarOrientai

ResearehJitstitute48-49

(1968),

pp.173-178. 10) Cf Hans Lesch,Rby'acthanna;Einsetzung

orndAuL131abenkTeis desKbnigsim LichtedesPura"a's

(Bonn:

SelbstverlagderUniversittatBonn,

1959),p. 6,pp.231-233.P.V. Kane, Histor),

ofDharmaSastra,

5 vols., 2nd ed.

(Poona:

BORI, 1968-1977; lsted., 1930-1962), vol. 3,p.13.

11)

1[1ieAVParigdoesnot contain all twelve

items70b,titledGargyfirpi,and 70c.AltheughBrahman _preachestoGautamaabout thetwelve items relating totheomens in70b,Gautamaisan ancestor fromthelineof BhAradvaja,and Athgirasand

Gargaalse share that lineage.ThisdemonstratesthatAVParig 70b and othertextsmay haveincluded

thetwelve items.CC JohnBrough,71ieEarlyBrahmanical

_Svstem

_oj'Gotra

andPravara

(Cambridge:

CambridgeUniversityPress,1953),pp.103-121. 12) VisrpudharmottaraPur:i.2.134,iL2.135, iiL2.136,iv.2.137,v.2.138,vi.2.139,viii.2.140and 2.141,ix.2.142,x. 2.I43,xL 2.144,xii.2.144.

13)

Kumagai Koji,

`)lipa-on DivinationLiterature,"1itdogakuBukdyOgaku kenkyti59,no. 3

(201

1),

pp.1097-1101

(23-28).

14) The AdbhutaS and theAdbhutaD were edited bytheking.

15)

Varahamihiraauthored the BIhSarphinthesixth century. According toHazra,theapplicable chapters ofMatsyaPur were composed intheseventh century.

C

£ R.C.Hazra,Studiesinthe Purduic

Reco,ztson HinduRites and Customs

(Delhi:

MotilalBanarasidass,1975).

16)

Kumagai,

LCpap'

a- on DivinationLiterature";IshiiYUriJfiX:Mg, "Purana ni mirareru Adbhuta-ganti

(kyOch6

to ehinsei) no k6z6"Purapa

e:n

E)

i'L6

Adbhuta-Sdnti

(pa?E2

geas)

a)reva,BunmeikenArii

ISt

opM

za

13

(1995),pp.

86-73.

17)

Space didnot _permittheauthors toindicatealltextsand

varia-tions.MSS: A,B,Bh,E,M, P,

_Q,

R,S.C£ Mitchiner,_p.21fT: 18) Rptirrpakurpbhaa;B P S

ptirrpakummah.B E-×2;Bh R -×3;S-×4;AM P

Q

no hyphen.A P

Qpalupati;

E M Syalapati;Bh

yalupata;Rpatayati. 19) Bh R tivradamdeea; B E M Spidomdapt;A

Q

vidndurp; Pvidorgtta. APQ viprepra; Sviprais.u.BhR- ×4;ABEMPQSno hyphen. 20) We had toleaveoutthe

linesfrorn39.]75abto39.178cdforwant of space.

<Key

words> Gargasamhit5,Garga,Bghatsaiphita,AtharvavedapariSi$ta,Matsyapurana,divination