nicesthumanbeingsleverknew.Ⅱ(4)ThelodginghousewasthebestplacefOr

JulianBell（1908-37）

andtheSpanishCivilWar

YOKawanari

ｌ･ABelwedSonoftheBloomSburyGroup

３０kilometlCstothewestofMadridliesalittlefarmvillagenamedBrunete whosepopulationisabout2000・HousesstandinlinearoundPlazaMaiorand vegetablefieldsareencirclmgtheresidentialarea､PIazaMajorisjustlikea patio,havingthechurchinthecentre,thevillageof5cesandpublicinstitutions

onbothsides

AtthehPontofPlazaMajorthememorialplatestotheFranco1svictoryat thevillageofBrunetear℃setinthestonepillarsstandingonbothsidesofthe stepstothechurch・

InthatBattleofBnmeteanambulancedriverintheBritishMedicalUnit waskilledHisdeathwasatrivialincident,comparedwithestimated23,OOO casualtiesinthebattle.（１）

JulianBellwasthenameofthedriverwhodiedaserenedeathinthe

middleofthebattleJulianwasbomon4F℃bruaryl908on46GordonSquare inLondonasthefirstsonofMr・andMrSBellHisfather,CliveBell,wasa pronnnentcriticofliteratureandartandtheleaderoftheBIoomsburyGroup,a radicalgroupofintellectualsintheearly20thcenmry､Ｈｉｓmother,Vanessa，

wasapainter、ＨｅｗａｓａｇｏｄｓｅｎｔｃｈｉｌｄｏｆｔｈｅＢｌｏｏｍｓｂury，anauthentic BloomsbulyJunior・

InJuHan1sboyhood,membersoftheBloomSburygroupoftenvisitedhis house・ＴｈeyweretheinteUectualsofthetimeinEngland,includinghisuncle LeonardWoolf(18801969),hisauntVirginiaWoolf(1882-1941),thenovelistE・

MForster(1879-1970),thepainterDuncanGrant（18851978),theartcritic RogerFry（18661934),thebiographerLytonStrachery（18801932)ａｎｄthe

－１３－

economistJ・MKeynes(1883-1946).Hisdevotedmotherhadherprecocious songetspecialeducationevenbeｆｂｒｅｈｅｗａｓｓｌｘｙｅａｒｓｏｌｄＧｒｏｗｎｕｐｓａｒound Julianwereamazedathisextensivelearningabouthistoly,astronomy,Charles DaIwin1sevolutionarytheory,ａｎｄＨｏｍｅｒｌｓＯｄ)lssQy.Ｖｉ屯iniaWoolflovedher giftednephew,appreciatinghisleamingability・

InSeptemberl919JulianenteredOwensSchooLaprestigious preparatoryschoolinLondonJulianspenttwoyearsofboringschoolliiethere・

Havinghnishedtheschool,JulianwishedtoenterEtonCollegeasmostofhis classmatesdidButhisparentsobjectedsostronglythathewasfOrcedtogive

up

JulianenteredLeightonParkSchooLaQuakerpublicschoolinthe suburbsofReadingHisparentschosetheschoolbecauseduringWorldWarl theQuakerSocietyofFriendsrefUsedtoserveinthearmedfOrcesfromtheir religiousbeliefsasconscientiousobjectorsinconcertwiththeappealfOr pacinsmbytheBloomsburygroup、

ThefburyearschoolliieinthedolmatLeightonParkSchoolwasnotvely excitingfOrJulian､Atthebeginningoftheschoollifehehadalreadyfeltthe senseoffailurefOrnotbeingabletoenterEtonCoUegeTheteacherslpoUcyof severepunishmentandmoststudents1opportunisticandobedientattitudes oftendisappomtedhim､Throughtheexpenencesinhisschoolanddonnitory liieJuliancametolosehisboyishcheerfUlnessandbecamemoreandmore precocious・HoUdaysweretheonlytimehewouldgetpleasureHewasalways lookingfOrwardtoholidayswhenhecouldhaveagoodtimewiththemembers oftheBloomsbuIyGroupandsatislyhisintellectualcuriosity・

Julian1steacherofFrenchlanguage,Ｔ・CEliotrecalledhispublicschool liieandremalked；

Veryuntidy,carelessofhisappearance,interestedinideasinamuch moreevidentwaythanhisschoolIeUows……ButthisldonItmeanthathe wasasnob，buttheBloomsburyatmospherewasnotreallythebest preparationfOrtherough＆tumbleofaboardingschooL(2)

－１４－

Duringthepublicschooldays,though,therewasonceanoccasionthat meantagreatdealtoJulian1sfuture・AtadiscussionofthesChoolJulianmadea speechonsociaUsmandreceivedthebestawardfOrthespeech・

WhatmadethefOurteen-yealLoldboytalkaboutsocialism？Thoughhe wasextraordmaryprecocioushewasstilltooyoungtogiveaspeechonsucha socialsystem

Inl922,whenJulianenteredthepubUcschooLthelabourPartywonl42 seats,threetimesmorethanbefOre,inthegeneralelection,whichmadethe PartythesecondlargesttotheConservativePartyintheParliamentThisgreat advanceoftheLabourPartyhadanef[ectonJulian,whodetermmedtobecome asociaUsLＩｎｈｉｓｏｗｎｗｏｒｄｓｈｅＩＩｂｅｃａｍｅａｓｏｃｉａｌistattheageoffOurteen.Ⅱ(3) ThefactwasthatJuliantooknoactivepartinactualpoliticalactivitiesand remainedameresympathizerofthePartyinhisLeightonParkdays

Afterhisgraduationfromtheschool,Juliangrewtodislikethe authoritiativeandnon-politicalatmoSphereoftheBloomsburyGroupandbegan

totakearebelliousattitudetowardsthemembers・

HisfatherarrangedfOrJuliantostudyatSorbonnemParisfOrayear befbl9ehisenteringcollege・HelodgedatProfM・ＰinaultatQuartierLatin､Prof Pinaultdevotedlygaveprivatelessionstothebrilliantandcuriousboyin literamre,historyandpoliticsJuliantoldlaterthatProfPinaultwas1loneofthe

nicesthumanbeingsleverknew.Ⅱ(4)ThelodginghousewasthebestplacefOr

hisstudy・Ａｓｔｉｍｅｗｅｎｔｏｎ,Juliancametospendmostofhistimestrolling aroundParisinsteadofstudyingathisplaceoratSorbonne・HeexPlainedthat heshouldgoaroundandwidenhissocialhorizens・ProfPinaultgavehimno

admonition、

WhilestrolUngaroundParisononehand,JuliandevotedhimseⅡtowriting poemsontheother､Ｔｈｅｎｈｅｐublishedthemwhichwereneoclassiconesinthe Georgianstyle，quitedifferentfromthosewrittenｂｙｙｏｕｎｇｐｏｅｔｓｏｆｈｉｓ ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ

ＨｉｓparentsweresurprisedatthenewsthattheirsonwasgivinghimseI upｔｏｗｒｉｔｉｎｇｐｏｅｍｓｉｎＰａｌｉｓｓｉｎｃｅｈｅｈａdnevereventalkedaboutpoenyat

－１５－

ｈｏｍｅｂｅｉＯ1℃・

AfterenteringCambridgeUniversityJuliancontinuedwritingpoems，

whichwereneverhighlyevaluatedbythemembersoftheBloomsburyGroup

exceptDavidGamett(1892-1981).Inl938thenoveUstgaveJuUanhiswordsof appreciation,saying；

JuHanwasfirstofallapoet,hardthinkmgnevermade〃”thinker；

buthispoemsareexact,Clear,andperfecUyexpressive・Ｉｎｈｉｓｐｏｅｈｙｈｅ

ｈａｓｅｓｃａｐｅｄｆｒｏｍａｌｌｈｉｓｔｕｒｍｏｉＬＨｅｉｓｔｈｅｐｏｅｔｌｌｉｋｅｂｅｓｔｏfhis genemtion.(5)

ViI宮iniaWOlfoncereferredtohernepheｗａｓ`Byronic，⑥,Whichshemight

havetalkedaboutJulian1sbroard-mindednessratherthanofhispoetly．

２.BetweenlitemmreandPoUiticS

lnOctoberl927JulianwasahFeshmanatKingsCollegeofCambridge University・ＨｅｗａｓｔａＵ,hadaconhdentmannerandevidentlｙｃａｍｅｏｆａｇｏｏｄ ｆａｍｉｌｙ・HefeltlmPeshed,afterhavingpartedfromhisliieinPariswhichhad beenfUllofconnictbetweenhisinnerselfinsearchfOrhisUfeworkandpeople

aroundhim

HischoiceofKingsCollegeitselfreveaIedJulian1sattitudetowardthe BloomsburyGroup,forKingsCoUegewasmoreprogressivethanTrinity CoUegewhichwaslhebirthplaceoftheBloomSbulyGroup.(7)

AtcoUegeJuUanspecializedinhistoryandEnglishliterature・Soonafter thematriculationhebegantoleadanunrestrainedandmultifacetedliie,being veryactiveasaspeakerofthesmdentunionandaspiringyoungpoeL

InhissecondyearJulianwasselectedfOramemberoftheSocietyof Apostles,whichwasaveryprestigiousandconfidentialgroupofintellects，

SamuernaylorColeridge(1772-1834)andAlficdTennyson(180992)wereonce themembersofthegroup・EverySaturdayeveningJulianattendeditsmeeting and‘ｈｅｒｅａｌｌｙｆｅｌｔｔｈａｔｈｅｈａｄｒｅａｃｈｅｄｔｈｅｐｉｎｎａｃｌｅｏｆＣａｍｂｒｉｄｇｅ

－１６－

intellectualism，(8)HewrotepoemsandliterarycriticiｓｍｆＯｒＴｿｉｃＶｂ"雌花，

Ctz腕b"dgpPbet76ymlleCtz〃b"dgzRcDje〃andﾉWzoSjg1ia如溶Reading,painting anddrivingaracingcarwerehisfavoritepastimesthen.(9)Helivedin

comfOrtablesunPoundingsmostofordinarystudentsneverbｅａｂｌｅｔｏｗｈｅｎ ｔｈerewe1℃alotofunemployedworkersonthesb9eet・

InJunel930JuliangraduatedfromKingsCollegehavingpassedthe

EngUshTIiposandbecameaspecialstudentattheGraduateSchooltheresoas topreparefbrhisdoctoraldissertationonAlexanderPope(16881744),apoetof

theClassicalEnglish]iterature

AshisdissertationfaUedtheexamination,hewasnotnominatedfOrthe

postofaresearchfellow,whichhadbeenhislongcherishedwishtotake・

WhHeJulianwasworkinghardfOrthedissertation,theBritishpolitical worldwentintounprecidentedconfusion、ＩｎＡｕｇｕｓｔｌ９３１ｔｈｅｓｅｃｏｎｄ ＭａｃＤｏｎａｌｄLabourPartyCabinetresignedinamassandtheNational GovernmentwasｂｏｍｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｆＯｒｍｅｒｐｒｉｍｅｍｉｎｉｓｔｅｒＲamseyMacDonald himselfastheprimeministerofthenewcabinet､MacDonaldIsconversion becamethetargetofcriticismbylabourers,especiallyamongyoungmembers oftheLabourParty､TheycondemnedhimiOrhischoiceasanactoftreachery totheworkingclass､TheLabourPartygarneredonly46seatsincluding6 unnominatedcandidates,losing241seatsinthegeneraleleciionon270ctober・

JuliantookgreatinterestinsuchapoliticalsimationHebusiedhimself withhelpingintheelectioncampaignofaLabourPartycandidatewhose sloganswerC1lRelieffOrUnemploymentⅡandl1OppositiontoWar.'IJulianwrote toJohnLehemann,oneofhishFiends,thathewasfUllyengagedmpoUticsand

velyexhaustedafterhavingcanvassedbycarfOrl4hourscove】ing200miles.('0）

Tohisdisappointmentthecandidatｅｈｅｈａｄｂａｃｋｅｄｕｐｗａｓｄｅｆｅａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅ

election

Juliantriedtoobtamthedoctor1sdegreeagainnextyear,inl932ThetiUe ofhisdisseltationthistimewas1rll1eGoodandAUThatⅡ､Ｈｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｄｉｔｉｎｔｈｅ ａｕｔｕｍｎｏｆｌ９３３ａｎｄｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄｉｔｗｉｔｈａｃｈａｎｇｅｄｔｉｔｌｅ，IISomegeneral considerationsonethicaltheory,withtheirapplicationtoaestheticｓａｎｄ

－１７－

politics'１.Againhefailedtopassthedoctoralexamination、

NowJulianhadnochoicebuttogiveuphisacademicliieatCambridge

University・ＦｂｒｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｈｅｗａｓｇｍｐｉｎｇａｂｏｕｔｉｎｔhedarkfOrhisfUture・He

continuedwritingasayoungpromisingcriticandpoet,whosefirstpoetical worksW7"”ﾉＷＤ”e"！(Chatto＆Windus,1930)hadbeenal1℃adypubUshed.('1）

Hewasalsodevotedhimseuto1℃constructthehalf-collapsedlocalchapterof

theLabourParty.（'2）

ＴｈｅｎJuliantooksomeconspicuouspoliticalactionshehadneverdone

befbreUntilthenhehadneverparticipatedinanycampaignscanpiedbythe

CommunistParty・ＢｕｔｏｎｌｌＮｏｖｅｍｂｅｒｌ９３３ｈｅｔｏｏｋｐａｒｔｉnanantiwar demonstrationorganizedbyJohnCornfOrdandotherCommuniststudents・

JulianmadeanarmouredcarofhisMorris,whichheusedtodrivewithhislove

i、before,anddrivingthatcarhe正peatedlydashedmtoagroupoftheright

wingstudentswhoweretryingtoblockthedemonstration.Themanwhotook theleadinthedemonstrationwasGuyBurgess('3),wholaterbecameamember ofwhatiscalled`CambridgeRing,ｏｒ`CambridgeFive，,aspyringfbrtheSoviet Union・ThereatCambridgeGuyheldanAntiWarExhibitionandlauncheda campaignagainstthepresentationofthem、`OurFightingNavy'・

Ｌａｔｅｒｉｎｌ９５１，ｈｅｗａｓｆｏｕｎｄｔｏｂｅｔｈｅｒｉｎｇ－ｌｅａｄｅｒｏｆ`tｈｅｃａｓｅｏf disappearanceofahighofficialintheForeignOfHce'､1,1984,aBritishfilm I1AnotherCountly11wasproduced,featuringhimasamaincharacter.('4）

AlthoughtakingpartinthecampaignswitllCommunistsmdents,Julian1s illfeelingagainstCommunistsneverdisappeared、

JulianwroteabouttheatmosphereatCambridgeinthel933December

issueofﾉＷｚｕＳｍ聴加α〃α"ｄハノtztjo"．

lntheCambridgethatlfirstknew,ｉｎｌ９２９ａｎｄｌ９３０,thecentral subjectofordinaryintelligentconversationwaspoetry・Asiaraslcan rememberwehardlyevertalkedorthoughtaboutpoUticsFbronething,ｗｅ

ａｌｍｏｓｔａｌｌｏｆｕｓｈａｄｉｍｐｌｉｃｉｔｃｏｎｆidenceinMaynardKeynensIrosy

propheciesofcontinuallyincreasingcapitalistprosperity.….Ｂｙｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆ

－１８－

1933,wehavearrivedatasituationinWhichalmosttheonlysubjectof discussionisconlEmporarypontics,andmWhichaverylargemajolityofthe

moreimemgentundelgraduatesalCCommunistsorahnostConmunists.〈'5）

TheLabourPartyJulianhadsupportedrapidlydeclmedwhilethe CommunistPartymaderemarkableprogressPoliticsaffectedliterature LitemlywritmgsadvocatingpoHticalideologieswerenowinthemainstreamof literature・WhenJulianrefUtedJohnCornfOrdlsarticle,ⅡTheClassFrontof ModemArt'',appearedinmeS加血"ｔＶｈｌ"goＣａｍ,JohnrefUtedhimback､JuUan arguedagainstJohn1srefUtationagainasfOllows.(11,6.,Mamhl934）

Iattemptedtoshow:(1)T11atitisalmostimpossibleinEnglandtoday fOranyonetowritepoetrythatwillbereadbythepresentEnglishworking class;(2)Thattheyoungerrevolutiona1ypoetsareinfactsimplywriting romanticsubjectivepoetlyabouttheirrevolutionaryfeelings;(3)Thatthis isnotaparticularlyusefUlactivityhomthepointofviewofanyonewishing tobringaboutarevolution;(4)Thatitshouldbepossibletowriteprose thatwouldbedirecUyusefUlandthatwouldbereadbytheworkingclass・

AfUrtherpointthatshouldbemadeisthatthereisnoreasonto supposelhatthepoetrywrittenatpresentbyromanticrevo1utionariesis likelytobejudgedmorevaluableinsomeiilmresociaUststatesthanthe poetryatpr巴sentbeingwrittenbytheromanticreactionaries・Toassert thattheaItsa1℃conditionedbythefOrmsofsociety,ortoprophesythe appearanceofagreatageofliteratu１℃asaresultofsuccessfUlsocialist revolutionisonething；itisquiteanothertoinferapeculiarmeritas poetry(oraspropaganda）intheworkofsocialistwriters・Inonecase thereisaprofOundandaU-embracinglongperiodchange;mtheotherare personalconversion，

Ｈｏｗｍａｎｙｏｆｏｕｒ`revolutionary'ｐｏｅｔｓｃａｎｂｅｔｒｕｓｔｅｄｎｏｔｔｏｔｕｒｎ Ｆａｓｃist?(Iq

WemaysaythathistoryprovedJulianwasright．

－１９－

Itisveryregrettablethatlhetwopromisingyoungmen,JulianBelland JohnComiOrd,hadtooshortlivestofUllydeveloptheirtalentswiththeirown

ideasofliteramre．

３.JulianisdeciSioninChinatoH割ntintheSpanishCivilMlr

AttheendofAugustl935Julianreceivedthenewsthathewouldbe acceptedasapmfessorofEnglishattheNationalUniversityofWUhanmChina fOrthreeyears・n1oughregrettingJulian1sdeparturefOrChina,Ｖ・Woolf admittedthatacademicliｆｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａｗｏｕｌｄｂｅｇｏｏｄｆｂｒｈｉｍｉｎｈｉsfUtureafter hisspendingsomanyyearsinLondonandCambridge.('7)Julianwentaboarda JapanesepassengershipcalledtheFnshimiMaruatMarseillesandheadedfOr China･HavingarrivedinChinainOctober,hewimessedlherealstateofwar andrevolutionamidstongoingbattlesbetweenChinaandJapan,whichsatisiied

hisculiositymorethanUterarywolks､Atthattimehecompiledhisownpoems

hehadwrittenafterthepublicatiｏｎｏｆ脈"'”MDDc”e"tandpublishedhis

secondanthologylWmHb/bγ肋ＢＷＨ"te妬1936.('8）InthemiddleofJunel936，

Julianmadeajourney,ｓailinguptheYongziRiver・Hepassedthrough

ChongkingandChengtu,andmanagedtoreachtheborderofFn-Chien-luin

TYbet・

DuringthisjoumeyJuUanheardmChengmthenewsoftheoutbreakofa warinSpain・AthrstitwasreportedasnothmgbutamiHtarycoupd1etatAsit wasdevelopingintoalarge-scalecivilwar,hisanxietyandimpatienceg1℃w

Julianmusthavesomehesitationtogoandiightinthewar･Hedidnot takeanyimmediateaction・The正mighthavebeeninadequateiniOrmationof

thewarinChina

ComingbacktoWuhaninthemiddleofSeptember,Julianhadastrong urgetogotoSpai､,企elingthatSpai、ｗａｓ`therightplacetobe,ｆＯｒｈｉｍ〔'9）

However,sincethisurgedidnotcomefiPomhisreasonablethinking,ｈｅｈｉｍｓｅ]f couldnotapproveofit・Ittookhimsomemoretimetologicallyjustifyhisown

decision・

BefOrelongJulianhadtoresignhispostbecauseofasexscandaLSoon

－２０－

afterhearrivedathisnewpostatWuhanUniversity,hefellpassionatelyinlove withaChineseprofessor1swifeThetwoloversranawaytoBeijingbutwere caughtbyherhusbandonthespot・AttheendoftheterminDecember,Julian lefttheuniversitybecauseｏｆ`familyreasons'thoughtheschooladministration triedinvaintopersuadehimtostay・

AttheendofJanuaryl937JulianleftChinasoastojointhelntemational BrigadeinSpain

WhatmadehimdecidetofightmtheSpanishCivilWar?Asaliberalisthe wasapparentlysympathetictotheSpanishRepublic・Buthewasneitheranrm antiiascistlikecommunistsandsocialistsnoranidealisticfighterlikevolunteers fromabroad、Ｈｉｓｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｓｅｅｍｓｔｏｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｍａｄｅwithmorepractical

motives、

SinceJulianbeganteachingatWUhanUniversityhequitwritingpoems，

HewrotetohisuncleLeonardWoolfthathewishedtobecomeapolitician

ratherthantodevotehimselftowritingorthesmdyofliterature.(２０)Asafirst

steptothatfUturegoalheｄｅｃｉｄｅｄｔｏｇｏｔｏｗａｒｉｎＳｐａｉｎ､Hethoughtthathe wouldgamagoodreputationasapracticaltheoristamongleftistsinthepolitical worldｉｆｈｅｈａｄｓｏｍｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｗａｒ・Besideshewasverymuch interestedintheCivilWar・ReadingnewspapersarrivedfromGreatBritain alwaysafewdayslaterthanthepublisheddate,hetracedthedevelopmentof theWarwithsomeirritation・InhislettertohisbrotherQuentinBellfrom China,hewroteasfOllows,notreferringtoanypoliticalideologiesintheWar．

AboveaUinthesouth,wherethecommunicationswithAfiicaare exposed-andlshouldliketohearmoreofthegueriUas・Ofcourseifyou cancombinegueriUasandmobileregularsandasoliddefensiveyouought tobesafetowin‐it1sthepeninsulafOrmula.(21〕

Ａｆｅｗｄａｙｓｌａｔｅｒｈｅｗｒｏｔｅａｇａｉｎｔｏｔｈｅbrotheraboutthestrategyofthe InternationalBrigadefightingtodefendMadridunderGeneralEmoUoIqeberVs command,saying,`Icanltgraspheisbeingtooclever,ｏｒｗｈｙｈｅｈａｓｎ１ｔｐｕＵｅｄ

－２１－

thestringsofthebaglshouldhavethoughttobattleFrancoandfOrcea surrenderwouldnItbehard，andwouldfinishthewar.，(22)Heevencalled GeneralIneber`thearmchairgeneral，intheletter、

TherealwarsituationinSpainwasverydifferentfromwhatJulian thoughLInfactnewspapershehadreadservedastoolsofpropagandafOrthe blocstheysupportedandgavedisinfOrmationofthewar・

ＡｓｈｅｄｅｃｉｄｅｄｔｏｇｏｔｏＳｐａｉｎ,Julianieltstrongdesiretogoassoonas possibleHewrotetooneofhishPiendson27December;`Myambitionistojoin thelnternationalBrigade.'(23〕Ontheotherhand,however,ｈｅwrotetohis mother,hFanklyexpressinghisambivalentinnerfeeUngs,atonetimesayingthat hewouldgotoSpainandatanotherthathehadgivenitup・HisauntVilginia WoolftriedtopersuadehimintogoingbacktoChinaandcontinuingtoteachat theunivel白sitybutnotsucceededj24)

AttheendofJanuaryl937JuliantriedtogostraighttomChinatoMadrid throughFrancewithoutvisitingEnglandHewassoeagertorushoutfOr defendingMadridandalsohewishedtoavoidmeetinghispeopleathomewho wouldundoubtedlytIytopersuadehimoutofthewar・Ｗｈｅｎｈｉｓｓｈｉｐｃａｌｌｅｄａｔ ＣｏｌｏｍｂｏｏｎＦ℃bruary20,JulianreceivedaletterhPomhismothertemngher anxietyabouthisgoingtoSpain､ＯｎｅofhishriendsmusthavetoldherJuUan immediatelysentheratelegTam,saying11Undecided11.(25）

WhentheshiparrivedatMarseilles，Julianlandedandmade arrangementstoseehismotheratMarieMauronIswhowasaliteralycritiche hadoncevisitedduringhisstayinParis,Hismother1s1℃Plywasthatheshould comebackhomeａｔｏｎｃｅａｓｓｈｅｗｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｇｏｔｏＰａｒｉｓｔｏseehimFollowing Mauron1sadviceJulianreluctantlydecidetocomebacktoEngland

４.AMemberoftheBrilishMedimlUnit

Onl2Marchl937JulianarrivedinLondoninalilac-colouredlongsilk robesothathemightpersuadehisparentsandotherBloomsburyGroup memberswhoweresteadfastpacifists・Forafewdaysthefamilymembers didn1ttalkatallaboutJulian1sintentiontogotoSpain・AfteraWhileJuliantold

－２２－

peoPlearoundhimhisdecision・Theyweresurprisedbecausebythattimethey

begantofeelrelievedguessingthatJuUanmighthavegⅣenupgoingtoSpain

Mr,andMrsWoolftriedinvaintoinducehimtostayinEngland，

introducinghimanjoborofferinghimaplantopublishhisbookwiththeirown

company,ＨogathPress.(2句

IttooksometimeiOrJuhantopersuadehisparentstoconsenthisgomgto Spainbecausehisexplanationdidn'thaveenoughpersuasⅣenessHewantedto bemthelnternationalBrigadejustbecausehewishedtohaveanexpenenceof hghtinginabatdeandgetachancetoenterthepoliticalwoddDuringthestay athomeinEngland，ｈｅｔｏｏｋｔｈｅｓｔｕｍｐｆＯｒａＬａｂｏｕｒＰａｒｔｙｃandidatein BirminghamandevenhadameetingwithHughDalton，aLabourParty executive,toseethepossibilityofhisbecomingasuccessfUlpolitician

AtactivistgatheringsofiheCambridgeStudentBodyorattheAposUes meeting,JuliandeUberatdytalkedaboutstrategiesoftheSpanishCivnWar，

mentioningnothingaboutantiFfEIscismideology,HereceivedveryhtUesupport orsympathy．

Ｄ・GamettandKeynes,boththemembersoftheBloomsburyGroup,also askedJuliannottogotoSpain,sayingthatitwouldbewiserandmoreeffective tostayinLondonandpreparefOrtheattackbyHitlerButJulianwouldnlthear

them

AtJulianIsｈｏｍｅ,hisfatherwhowasafirmpacifistwasagainsthis decisionandtheirrelationsweregettmgmoreandmorestrained

EntreatedbyhersisterVanessa,VilginiaWooHintroducedJuliantotwo writerswhoweretakingtheSpanishRepublicanside,StephenSpenderand KingsleyMartinBothofthemhadjustcomebackhPomSpain,havingsuffered manyhardshipsontheRepublicancampTheytriedtopersuadehimtogiveup hisdecision,teUinghimhowtheirwarexpenencesｈａｄdisiUusionedthemand suggestedthatitmightbemor℃meaningfUllbrhimtoengagehimselfinrescue activitiesinEnglandthangoingtoSpainasthewarsituationwasgetting favourabletoFranco.(27）

However,Julia､'sfirmdeterminationnevershakediｎｓｐｉｔｅｏｆｓｕｃｈ

－２３－

reasonableadvicesandsuggestions

JuHan1smother,Vanessa,alsoentreatedhimnottogotoSpain・Shewas

theonlywomanJulianrespectedexceptJaneAustin.(28)Atlastherentreaty

madehimgiveuPtakmgpartinthelnternationalBrigadeasavolunteersoldier・

JulianandhismothermadeacompromisewiththeconclusionthatJulian shouldParticiPatemtheWarasadriverofanambulanceontheBritiShMedical Unitandwritetohismotheroccasionally､DuringthestayathomeJulian masterednrstaidtreatment,gotthedrivierIslicensefOrlargervehiclesand

learnedsomeSpanishconversationallanguage・Heevenmanagedtoseethe ChineseProfessorIswifeheoncelovedandseveralotheryoungwomenhe

knew・

On7Junel937JuUanleftLondonwithseveralmembersoftheMedical Unitinanambulanceloadedwithmedicalinstruments､Leaningoutofthe window,hewavedpeopleattheplatfOrmandsaid,'1Goodbyeuntilthistimenext year.Ⅱ(29）

AtthattimetheBritishMedicalUnitwasofhciaHyrecognizedasanon-

combatantgroupanditsmemberswereeasilyallowedtoenterSpai､,with

showingcertaindocumentssuchasnon-combatantpledge,theambulance driverIshcenseandmedicalqualification、

０nlOJunetheambulanceJuliandroveenteredSpainbywayofFrance・

PassingbytheMediterraneancitiesofBarcelona,TarragonaandTortosa,the nextdaytheyalTivedatValencia,wheretheRepublicangovernmentwas

Valenciawasnotthewarhont､Astherewasnotmuchmedicalworktodo thegrouPsPentquitepeacefUldaysthere,goingtothemountainareatobuy someeggsandotherfbodortoseethebullnghtintheambulancecar・

Julianwrotetohismotherinhisletterdatedl3JunethatValenciawas perfectPlacetoseeIIanumberofthingsatfirsthandonehadonlyr巴adabout befOre1i(3o）

ThoughJuliandidnotperceiveanypoliticalchangethereinValencia，

latentantagonismwithintheRepublicangovernmentbegantocausefatal dismtegration．

－２４－

On22JuneJulianwasorderedtomovetotheMadridhontwherethey werehghtingtosmashFranco1sheadquartersofMadridencirclingopemtionin theviUageofBrunete・InthevicinityofMadridthe1℃wereincessantlysmall‐

scalecombats・JuUanwassobusycanymgwoundedsoldielsthathehardlyhad timetｏｒest・ＨｅｗｒｏにtohismotherthathehadI1averyhardtwo-daysdriving about500miles.Ⅱ(31〕Ittookhimseveraldaysonlytonnishwritingtheletter

becausenewlyocculTedemergenciesrepeatedlyintelTuptedhimlntheletter

hewroteabouthiscomradeRichardReesandhisownexperiencesinthe

battleEel｡,closingitwithlhis;ⅡIIvediscoveredthatIcanfaUasleepwithmy eyesopen-orpretlynear.Ⅱ(32)Thiswasthelastletterhewrotetohismother、

Ａｔｄａｗｎｏｎ６Ｊｕｌｙ,theRepublicanarmy1sall-outattackatBrunete

beganwith80000soldiersincludingthosefromthel2nd，l3thandl5th

InternalionalBrigade,with200planes,１２８tanksandl88cannons・TY1ougha rumourofsuchanattackhadbeenaroundfOrthreemonths,stillitwasa

sulpriseattackfOrFranco1sarmythatweretryingtocaptureMadrid.〔33リ

Ｔｈｅｎｅｘｔｄａｙ,theBritishCompanyofthel5thInternationalBrigade occupiedVillanuevadelaCanada,about5kUometrestothenorthofBrunete JUlianlsMedicalUnitmovedwiththeBritishCompany,Hewasexcitedlytelling oneofhiscomradesRiChardReesthatanambulancedriveroftheMedicalUnit hasanadvantageoveraBrigadecombatanttobeabletoobsewebattlesmore objective1y、

InthisbattleneldJulianhappenedtomeetoneofhisclassmatesatKings College，DoctorArchieCochrane，atafieldhospitalinElEscorialinthe northwestofMadridWhenhecarriedsomewoundedsoldiersthere､Itwasa pleasantsurprisefOrthem,butbothofthemweresobusythattheyhadtoleave theretotheirpostshavinghard]yanytimetotalkabouteaChother、

Inthemorningofl5July,theambulanceJuliandrovecarlymgwounded soldierswasbombedandcrashedAstherewasnomoreambulancecartobe suppned,JuUanvolunteeredtoworkasastretchePbearer,takingthecommand ofastretche砂bea１℃rCompany･

Threedayspassedwithoutanybigfightlnthemorningofl8July,ａ

－２５－

transporttruckwassuppliedtothestretcher-bearerCompany・Julian immediatelybegantodrivethetruCkconnngandgoingbetweenthehPontand thenearestfieldhospitaltocarrywoundedsoldiersOnthewayinavillage

caUedViUanuevadelaCanada,thetmckwasbombedandwrecked

lateronthatdayaftergunfireceased,ananonymouswoundedambulance driverwascarriedonastretchertotheneldhospitalinElEscoriaLThedoctor incharge，Ｄｒ､ArchieCochrane,askedhismentocleananddisinfectthe driverlsbody・Lookingathispatient,thedoctorwasastonished・Itwasthe grievousreunionofJulianandArchieThedoctorbegantoexaminehimat once・Hegotaiatalwounddeepinhischestwiththebullet・However,hestiU

hadaclearconsciousnessandwasevencheerfULHespoketothedoctor,ⅡWell，

Ialwayswantedamistressandachanｃｅｔｏｇｏｔｏｔｈｅｗａｒ,andnowl1vehad

both.Ⅱ(34)SuddenlyhebegantospeaksomethinginFY℃nchAccordingtoDr・

Cochrane,itwasapoembyCharlesBaudelaire・T11enhefellintoacomanever towakeupagam

JulianlsbodywasputinthemortuaryoftheElEscorialneldhospitalＡｔ

ｔｈｅｎｅｗｓｏｆｈｉｓｄｅａｔｈＲｉｃｈａｒｄＲｅｅｓrushedtothehospitalandidentiiiedthe bodyashiscomradeJuUanBelLReeswritesaboutJuUan1slastmomentthathe wasVelypaleandclean,almostmarble-Uke,verycalmandpeacefUl,almost

asifhehadfaUenasleepwhenvelycold'(35)Attheageof29JuUanendedhis

shortliieinthemiddleofabattlefieldaiterhefOughtattheriskofhislifeibr justamonthorsoHisbodywasburiedintheFuencarralCemetrysituatedto

thenorthofMadrid．

５.ＴｈｅＢａｌｍｅｏｆＢｒｕｎｅｔｅ

ＴｏｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｏｆＢｍｎｅｔｅｗａｓⅥllanuevadelaCanada,theviUagewhere JulianBeUwasshotinthewar・ThevillagespreadoutalongRoute600which mnsnorththmughbushesandvetableheldstoElEscoriaL

AtthetimewhenJuliantookpartinthewarinSpain,thereoccurredtwo incidentswhichexposedthelEalconditionswithintheSpanishRepublic・How didJulianinterpretandreacttothem？

－２６－

OneoftheincidentswasthestreetriotsinBarcelonaontheRepublican sidehPom3Mayto8Mayl937,WhichwasaboutamonthbefOreJuUanentered

theSpanishterritory,TheriotsweTerevealedtotheworldbyGeorgeOrwellin

hismemoir,ＨＯ”CZgFmCtzmJ0"jtz(1938)．

TherehadbeenincessantinternalopposiUonandstrugglesamongthe

gmupsontheRepublicanside:theStalinist-Communists(thePCE)thathad

risentheirpowerovertheRepublicansastheyhadlogisticchannelstothe SovietUnionandtheComintern;theAnarcho-SyndicalistTmdesUniｏｎ(the CNT）thatwouldneveraccepttheCommunistlsapproarchwiththeFAIasits politicalfederation;theanti-StalinistCommunists(ｔｈｅＰＯＵＭ).ThePCE advocatedIVictoryofWar1andiDispersionofMihtiaandCreationofUnitary ArmyI,whiletheCNTandthePOUMadvocatedSimultaneousAccomplishment ofWarandSocialRevolutionIandIRefUsａｌｏｆＵｍｔａｒｙＡｒｍｙａｎｄＭａｍｔｅｎａｎｃｅｏｆ ＭilitiaI､Suchoppositioninbasicpoliciesledatlasttothestreetriotson3May・

On8MaytheshPeetnghtmgceasedwithdesperateannouncementbythe CNT:I1Awaywiththebarricades1Everycitizenhispavingstone1Backto normality11lEstimatedcasualtiesofthestr巴ethghtingwer巴ofmciallyannounced as400deadandlOOOwounded.〔37）

AftertheBarcelonastreetEghting,theStalmist-Communistsnotonly gotcontroloftheRepublicangovernmentbutbegantopursueintheirownway thoseWhowereresponsiblefOrtheriots,theso-calledIAnarchoⅢYpotSkyist＝

FascistIcampaign,InthatpulgetheymtroducedtheruthlessinhumanRussian

wayagainstanti-StalinistCommunists.(38)Theymadetheanarchists

disbandedａｎｄｔｈｅＰＯＵＭｉｌｌｅｇａｌｉｚｅｄＴｈｅＰＯＵＭｈeadquarterswasclosedand convenientlymrnedintoaprison.(39）

Onl6JunethePOUMleaderAndresNm,whohadoncebeenTrotslq71s secretary(40),wasa1TestedandkiUedafterbeingtorturedunderthecommandof theSovietNKⅥ）ChiefAlexanderOrlov.〔41)InSpamandabroadpeoplebegan

acampaignwiththevoiceofI1WhereisNin?Ⅱ(42)，butitendedbeforelong

hruiUessly､ThePOUMtribunalontheBarcelonastreetnghtingwentonuntil Fもbruaryl938．

－２７－

ＴｈｅｔｙｒａｎｎｉｃａｌｗａｙｔａｋｅｎｂｙｔｈｅＣｏｍｍunistsinthepurgeonthe Republicansidebrokeintopiecespeople1srevolutionaIyspiritwhichhadonce bursttoputdownthemilita【yrevoltbytheSpanishalmyatthebeginnmgofthe SpanishCivilWar・ThepulgeconductedbytheCommunistscruciallyenla屯ed

aninPetrievablespUtontheRepublicanside.(43）

AfterthepuIge,asumriseattackofBrunetewasproposedanddecidedat

theinitiativeoftheCommunistsThesurprisealtackhadtwostrategicaims:to checkthenorthoperationoftheFranco1sarmyandtointemepttheirsiegeof

Madridonthewestside､GuernicahadalreadysurrenderedtoFiancｏ(on26 Aprill937),thecapitaloftheBasque,Bilbao,hadfalleMonl9Junel937)and anattackofSantander,thecitytotheeastofBilbao,wasontheirnextschedule

TheBrunetesurpriseattackwasplannedbyaRussianmilitaryadviserand

theCommunistleaders・Allcommandersoftheco】ｐｓａｎｄｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｎｓｂｕｔｏｎｅ ｗｅｒｅｎｏｗＣｏｍmunistsandeverybrigadeunderanon-Communistcommander shouldbesupervisedbyapoliticalcommissar・Inotherwords,theBattleof BrunetewasfOughtfOrtheCommuniststoconfirmtheirpoliticaldominance andestablishtheirmilitalyleadershipontheRepublicanside.(44）

Thehontofthebattlehadbeenscaleddowninseveral-dayintervals;on 6July,onl2Julyandon26July､Thelastbattlewasgoingtobefbughtatthe villageofBrunetewherethehPontoperationaldivisionoftheHnancoarmywas

stationed

WhenlheBattleofBruneteended,theRepublicansgainedanareaof7 kilometresdeepalongthehPontofl6kilometx℃s,butatthecostofabout23,O00 casualtiesandaboutlOOfighterandbomberaircraft・TheFrancoarmylost l7,O00casualtiesand23fighterandbomberaircraft,andtheyhadtopostpone theirSantanderattackcampaigninthenorth，thoughtheysucceededin retainingtheMadlidencirclingibrmation・Bothsidesclaimedavictory・

Ｔｈｅｂａｔｔｌｅｌａｓｔｅｄ２０ｄａｙｓｉｎｔｈｅｄｌｙｃentralpartofSpaniShlandltwas certainlyoneofthenercestbattleamongsomanyhard-fOughtbattlesinthe SpanishCivnWar,leavingtheghastlysceneofabout40,000deadbodiesunder thescorchingsun．

－２８－

TYleRepubHcanarmylostalotofsoIdiersandweaponsinthebatqeand yettheygainednofirmvictoly・AmongtheRepublicanstherearosevoicesof

distrustandcomPlaintsagainstthepoliticalandmilitaryleadershipofthe Communists.(45）

InthelnternationalBrigades，complaintsagainsttheleadersgrew stronger,too・Thel3thlnternationalBrigade,consistedmainlyPolesandSlavs，

refusedtoreturntothehont・Asaresult,somesoldielsinthatbrigadewe｢e shottodeathasdesertersunderfireorasmutineers.(46)Inanothercasea

conⅡnandershothimseIfaftertryinginvaintoregaincontroLU7)Noonewould

haveimaginedsuchmiserableconditionsinNovembertheyearbefOreWhen thelntemationalBrigadelOughtfOrthenrstUmeindefenseofMadnd、

AmongtheAmericansintheLincolnBattalionofthel5thlntemational Brigade,therewasaJapanesevolunteernamedJackShiraiwhowasengagedin cookingatthesupplydepartment・Aroundl:O0mtheaiternoonofllJunewhen hejumpedoutoftheh9enchtoremoveafOodsupp]yvehicleundernelCeattaCk，

ｈｅｗａｓＳｈｏｔｔｏｄｅａｔｈｏｎｔｈｅｓｐｏｔｂｙａsniper・IthappenedtobeVillanuevadela CanadaWhereJulianBellwasfatallywoundedAftertheiightceasedonthat

day,ShiraiwasburiedintheviUagewithfiveAmericanvolunteelSalsokilledin

thebattle、ShiraiwasanorphanfjPomHakodateorthevicinityofthecity，

Hokkaidoandspentmostofhisyouthasasailor,Afterescapinghromashipat theNewYOrkharbour,hehadworkedasacookinNewYork・ThenheJoined thefirstAmericanvolunteergroupandleftNewYOrkon26Decemberl936 After6monthsheendedhisliIeatthesupposedageof37､Apoemmourning hisdeathwaspublishedonthe9Augustl937issueandonthe40ctoberissue of71lze1/ilJ""teeγ/bγLjbe⑪(48),ajournalofthel5thInternationalBrigade､In JapanYoneoSakaiwastheHrstjournalistwhoreportedShirailsdeathinthe

SpanishCivilWarin1/ZZg[zbD"`Ｒ”０旗Ⅸaizousha,1939).仏9）

６.UnretouchedPortmitofJulianBell

JulianenteredSpainonlOJunel937・TendaysbefOrethatdayGeolgc OrwellescapedwithbareUiehomthechaseoftheSpanishCommunistsAt

－２９－

thattimeBarcelonaaswellasValenciawasunderSoviet-Iikepoliticaｌ

ｔｅｎ･orism,undercoverpolicemenmakingfOrciblesear℃heseverywhere・

BehmdtheapparentcausetodefendtheSpanishRepublic,Communists hadanotherobjectiveoftheirownibrtheBattleofBrunete,toestabhshtheir leadershipamongtheRepublicans､WereJulianawareoftheCommunists1

intentionwhilefightinginthebattle?TheB1itishMedicalUnitJuUanbelonged towas,thoughappar℃nUyhumanitarianandpoliticaUyneutral,infactinclining

towardstheCommunistParty,ConsideringthatJuliandevotedhimselfso eamestlytohisdutyintheMedicalUnitandwasquitesatisnedwithhislifein

thebattlegroundandthathewaskilledinthemidstofthebattle,hemighthave

paidlittleheedtothestrugglefOrpowerwithintheRepubUcangovemment・

InEnglandtheCommunistPartyandtheLabourPartyhadverylittletotie

upwitheachotherDuringtheSpanishCivilWartheCommunistPartyopposed

tothegovernmentIsnon-interventionpolicyandactivelyrCcruitedvolunteersto sendtoSpain，whiletheLabourPartydidnotoutwardlyopposetothe govemmentpolicybutsecreUysupportingtheSpanishRepublicansandsendｉｎｇ ａｓｍａｌｌｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｐａｒｔｙｍｅｍｂｅrstoSpainasprivatevolunteersAs

･mentionedbefOre,theLeitBookClub,whichopenedtoprovideuseiUlbooksat lowpnceswiththememberlabouremsinl936,cametorecommendlittlebooks homthelabourPartyside・

JuUanhadbeenaLabouritetothecoresincehiscoUegedaysandvery sensitivetotheacmalconditionsinandoutofthepartyratherthantopolitical

ideologiesTherefore，ｉｔｗａｓｓｏｍｅｗｈａｔｓｔｒａｎｇｅｉｆｈｅｗａｓｕｎａwareofthe alienationofthetwopartiesandtheCommunistsIpursuitofhegemony、

On4Julyl937theSecondInternationalCongressofWritersfOrthe DefenceofCulturewasheldinValenciaanddistinguishedwritersgathered fmm27countries・ThegeneralmasteroftheCongresswａｓＤｒ・Negrin,the SpanishPrimeMinisterbackeｄｕｐｂｙｔｈｅＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｓｔｓａｎｄｔｈｅＳｏｖｉｅｔUnion、

HetoldattheCongressthatSpanishsoldierswereiightingfOrthecountlyand

thejusticeofmankind.(5olOn6July,thehrstdayoftheBatUeofBrunete,ｔｈｅ

ｍeetingplacewaschangedtoMadrid，IITheHeartofSpainiI、Duringｔｈｅ

－３０－

Congressperiodahistoryp1aybyFedericoGarciaLor℃a,Ｍｚ〃α"α〃"edtzwas presented・Ａｌｉｆｅｍｏｄｅｌｏｆｔｈｅｐｌａｙｗａｓａｗｏｍａｎｗｈowasexecutedonthe ChargeofhercooperationwiththeLiberalsinl831・

WritersparticipatingintheCongresshadtheirownintentionstodoin Spain・Oneoftheparticipants,StephenSpender,wlites：

ThepUblicpumoseoftheCongresswastodiscusstheattitudeofthe IntellectualsoftheWorldtotheSpanishWarButtherewasalsoahidden themeconstantlydiscussedinprivateandalmostasoftendraggedonto theopenplatfOrm・Ｔｈｉｓwas:theStalinistversusAndreGide･FbrGidehad justpublishedhisfamousRC〃"γｄｅｊＵＲ.S・Ｓｉｎｗｈｉｃｈｈｅｈａｄｍａｄｅａ ｄｅｔａｃｈｅｄａｎｄｃliticalaccountofhisimpressionsofatourofRussia,Where hehadbeenthehonouredandflatteredguestoftheSovietGovernmenL FprmoresensationalthanthebookitselfwasthefU1ywithwhichitwas receivedbyCommunistsGideWho,ｏｎ]ｙａｆｅｗｗeeksprevious1y,had beenhailedintheCommunistPressasthegreatestlivingFrenchwriter cometosalutetheWorkerslRepublic,ｂｅｃａｍｅovernightaIFascist MonsterI,IaselfconfesseddecadentbourgeoisI,andworseTY1eWritersi

CongresswasdevidedovertheissueofGide.(51）

Ｔｈｏｓｅｗｒｉｔｅｒｓｈａｄｔｈｅｉｒｏｗｎｗａｙｔｏｃａrryouttheirplansandhardly showedanyconsiderationtoothers,sayingthattheywereinSpectingthehPont・

Volunteersoldiers,whohadbeenfightinginoneplaceafteranotherunder nercenre,hownedwithdispleasureatthewriterslaudaciousattitudesJulian's hPiendsmLondonwrotetohimabouttheCongressbefOreitsopeningbuthe paidnoattentiontoit､WhenJuliancametoSpain,somemenofletterssuchas CornfOrd，apoetCharlesDonneUyandacriticChristopherCaudwellhad alreadybeenkiUedintheCivilWarJulian1sdecisionjusttoignoretheCongress

waslight､HehadnotimetosparefOrtheISpoUedChildrenlsParty1.(52）

NowritingsbyJulianduringhisstaymSpainexceptsomeletterstohis motherandhisgoodhiendsarelefttoｕｓＴｈｅｒｅｆＯｒｅｗｅｈａｖｅｎｏｏｔｈｅｒｗａｙｂｕｔ

－３１－

tosurmiseaboutthedifferenceinJuUanlsliiebeiOreenteringSpainandafteriL WemayonlyglimpsesomefragmentsofhislifeatthebatUegroundfrom conversationswithhisdrivingcompanion,RichardRees・

ReessaidthatthelifeinbattledidnotdriveJuliantodespairatalLHe beUevedthatthewarexpenencelherewouldgivehimsomeadvantagefOrhis fUtureHealguedthatsocialrevolutionbytheproletariatwouldbeimpossible andthattheupperandmiddleclasspeopleshouldbethepillarofsuch revolution､HealsosumrisedReesbysayingthatheneverhadbeenandnever

wishedtobeintheproletariat.(鼬）

SinceJuhanwasawidelyrecognizedLabourite,suchsocialideaofhismay soundstrange,butatthattimeBritishleadersoftheLabourPartyandofthe CommunistPartyandtheiraidesweremostlyintellectualsandcollege graduates・TheirrealintentionswerepracticallythesameasthatofJulian1s・And mfacttheeXperlenceoffightingintheSpanishCivilWaroftenhadagreat iniluenceontheirlatercareeraspohticians､Inmctuntilquiterecentlysuch eXperiencehadbeenoneofthefactorsinappraisingasocia1istinWestem Europe・I、ﾒﾉieB減雄ｈＢｏｏｂ/bγＭｂ腕0'だq/Ｈz"ｉｎ”e"tsuchexpenenceusedto bemarkeddownuntiljustawhileagolnWestGermanyaswellasinEngland theexperienceoffightingintheSpanishCivilWarworkedasasortoftmmp cardinentermguponapoliticalcareer・WhenWiUyBrandtfirstcamefbrward asacandidatefOrPresidency,theanti-BrandtsidesentupatrialballＣＯ､，

saying1BrandtneverparticipatedintheSpanishCivilWar1､TheBrandtside retortedthathehadbeenactiveinthepropagandacampaigninBarcelona duringtheCivilWarperiod.(54）

Julian1smotivefOrgoingtoSpainisnotquitecleartousyet､Ofcoursea man'smotiveshouldnotbealwayssimPli､edConsideringhisabundantlygifted talentandsuchcentripetallydaｓｈｉｎｇｔｅｎｄｅｎｃｙ，hemighthavegone straightfOrwardlytothegoalhehadsetignoringhisinnerhesitationanddoubt、

Hemighthavefallenintoahxwherehehadtoibrcehimselftoactfbrhisgoal withdeclaringhisconviction・

ＢｙｅｘｅｒcisingtheprivilegeofsuchrecklessyouthJulianwenttothe

－３２－

SpanishCivilWarandlefthisuntaintedyouthfUlportraitatthepriceofhislife・

ItmaywellbesaidthatJulianwashappywithouthavingseenthebitterresultof

theSpanishCivilWar．

(1)Preston,ＰａｕＬＦｍ"“:ABiqg汎UPlly,HaIperCollins,1993,ｐ､283.Richardson，

Ｒ,Dan.α”"ｊｚｍＡ?q，"ｙｊｍｅ肋蛇郷ａｔね"αJaaig[ZdCsα"ｄ仇CSPα"jSﾉjα､〃

Ｗ厄必T11eUniversityPressofKentuclqr,1990,ｐ､89.

(2)Stansky,Peter＆Abrahams,William,ル"γ"ｅｙｔｏｒｈｅＦｍ"tieγ,StanfOrd

universityPress,1994,ｐ３４．

(3)BeU,Quentin・ed・ﾙﾉﾉα〃Ｂｅ"rEbs“,Ｐbe腕sα"dLeがejQF,Hogarth,1938,ｐ､５．

(4)StanSlq/､ｏｐ,Cit.,ｐ３４．

(5)Cunningham,valentine.Ｂγit鋤Ｗ〉虎eねｑ/肋ｅｎｈ鍼Cs,OxfOrdUniversity Press,1988,ｐ､１７０．

(6)Woolf,Virginia.Ａ〃AzctobjOgmPﾉｉｙ：1911-1969,OxfOrdUniversityPress，

1980,ｐ３１５．

(7)Sinclair,Andrew・刀ｉｅＲｅｄＱ"。t/ｚｃＢＪ"ｅ：Ｉ"花ﾉﾉ唾"Ce,mrcaso〃α"ｄｔＡｅ Ｕ)Ziue↑qsj"Cs,WeidenfeldandNicolson,1996,ｐ､６１

(8)Stans]qrpp､Cit.,ｐ､47.

(9)BeU,Quintin・opcit.,ｐ､189．

(10)Ｉbid,ｐ171．

(11)BeU,Julian.Wii"'”ﾉVmwlzC"t,Chatto＆Windus,1930．

(12)Weatherhead,Kingsley､StePhc〃Spc"`ｅｒａ"ｄｔｈｅＴﾉbjγtjcs,Bucknell UnivelsityPress,1975,ｐｐ９３４．

(13)StanSkypp･Cit.,ｐ､212．

(14)Ｋａwanari,Yo､ilTheEnglishReport-GuyBurgessnSinsyuJunel993．

(15)ハノビzuSmfcs柳α〃α"‘ハノmio",Decemberl933．

(16〕７７ieSj"血"ｵﾘﾉtz麺､池（Ⅱ６)Marchl934．

(17)BeU,Quentin､阿糎"jaWbD腋ＡＢｊＱｇ７３【Z，ﾉｉｙ,TYPiadPaladm,1982,ｐ､120．

(18)BeU,Julia､.Ｗb戒/bγ幼ｅＷｉ"蛇γ,HogarthPress,1936．

(19)Stansky・ｏｐｃｉｔ.,ｐ､298．

(2o)Woolf,Leonard.Ａ〃Ａ"！obmgmlhy,OmrdUniversityPress,1984,vol､2．

－３３－

ｐ､315．

(21)Bell,Quentined,ｏｐ､Cit.,ｐ､156．

(22)Ｉbid,ｐ｣60.

<23)Ｉbid.,ｐ200．

(24)Ｉbid,ｐ201．

(25)Stansky､ｏｐ.ｃit.,ｐ､306．

(26)ＢｅｌＬｏｐ・Cit.,ｐ､202．

(27)Cunningham・ｏｐｃｉｔ.,ｐ､416．

Sindair・ｏｐ・Cit.,ｐ､62．

(28)WOolf,ViIginia､ＡＷ)ｎ/ね（、わび,HogarthPress,1953,Ｐ､63．

(29)Stansky､ｏｐｃｉｔ.,ｐ､401．

(30)Cunnmgham,valentine・eds，α砿ﾉｾｎ℃"士Ｗｼﾂﾞ!e応o〃tlleaD〃Ｗb角Oxfbrd

UniversityPress,1986,ｐ283．

(31〉Ｉbid.,ｐ285．

(32)Ｉbid,ｐ､286．

(33)preston,Paul・ノＣｂ腕mdcs/ＪＰｂｌ力Tzifs/ho加地ｅ⑰α"た〃αzﾉ〃Wtz'9,Fontana

Press,2000,pp267-8．

(【WStanslq/､ｏｐ.ｃit.,４１２

(35)Rees,RichardA7舵0〃q/Ｍｍｉ腕e,Seeker＆Warburg,1963,P､100．

(36)Rosenbaum,Ｓ．Ｐ．ｅｄ・Ａａ０ｏ”s〃がＣ””Ｒｅａｄ′虎Blackwell,1993,ｐ､350．

(37)Brademas,John,Ａ"α"osj"dibaﾉis腕0ｙ”"0ﾉ"cj0〃c〃EGPczjm,EditorialAriel’

1974,pp23049．

(38)Preston,Paul・ﾉCmomdBs/,ｐ299．

(39)paz,ＡｂｅｌＤ"、ｲｶﾞｆＨｂｍｄＣﾉPb42b”,EditionsHazan,1987,Ｐ､64．

(4o)Ｆもr【℃r,Rai､ZOO"＠抑ﾉｅｓｄｂﾉﾋMzzひれｙｄｅﾉａＥＳＰａｄｈｚα”１－１％9ﾉ,Planeta，

1992,ｐｐｌ８６７・

Rages,parai・ilElPOUMenlaGuerracivil11,ＨＺｓｍｍｚＺ６(Nov､1996),ｐｐ､9４

１１１．

<41)Orlov,AlexandermlIeSUc”ｊＨＪＳｍｒｙｑﾌﾟＳｍＪｊ"ｂ印加８s,PumamlsSons,1953．

〈42)Alba,Victor・HJtoj”。〃ＰＯ[ﾉＭＬｅ”α”2s”ｅｅ〃ESP(２９"ea9I9-Z939ﾉ，

EditionsChampLibre,1989,ｐ２６９．

－３４－

Prestonop.ｃit.,ｐ､300．

Thomas､ｏｐｃｉｔ.,ｐ､580．

(43)Paz・ｏｐ･Cit.,ｐｐ､169-74．

Level,Gaston.＆，(Zg7zeLibemzj形（I”51939ﾉ,EditionsduCercle,1981, ｐｐ､321-3．

Bookchin,Ｍｕｒｍｙｍｈｅ⑰α"たＭ"α鋤ist,HeeLifeEdition,1987,pp､322-7．

Morrow,F℃lix.ＲｾﾞDCﾉ”わ〃＆ＣＤ""花,危Ret）0ﾉ”わ〃ｊ〃ＳＰａｊ",PathhnderPress，

1984,pp203-6．

(44)Castella,Andrew・LCzsB噸“ａｓ〃ｊ”"αcj0"αﾉesde/αｇ"e…‘cE3Pα"α，

EditorialAriel'1984,Ｐ237．

(45)Richardson・ｏｐｃｉｔ.,ｐ､90．

(46)Goldston,Robert・ｍｅα､〃Ｗｂｒｊ"ＳＰａｊ",PhoenixHouse,1987,p,162．

(47)Jackson,Gabriel､フル助α"ｊMIR”"bJjcα"ｄﾉﾉｉｃＣ"ﾉﾉWtzl2,1931-1939, PipincetonUniversityPICss,1992,ｐｐ３３５６．

(48)ｍｅ肋/測卯嫁γ/bγLjbe17ty,４０ctoberl937．

(49)Kawanari,ＹＯｅｄ･SZzAaj,Ｙｂ"“JVizgnbo"dRGpo瘤,Sairyusha,1980,ｐｐ､869．

(50)Cunnmghamop.ｃit,ｐ､85．

(51)Spender､ｏｐｃｉｔ.,ｐ241-5．

(腿)Ｉbid.,ｐ２４Ｌ (53)Rees､ｏｐ・ｃｉＬ,plO2．

(別)Brandt,WillyPmzusse〃ＪＳＣﾉ1噸e〃ＷＭ”"ｄｄｅｒ画"ｉｇ７ｍね",KinderVerlag'

1966,ppl58-80．

－３５－

2007年業績リスト

著欝

１）川成洋，「会話で学ぶスペイン語｣，改訂３版，南雲堂フェニックス,２００７

年４月１９日

２）川成洋，「紳士の国のインテリジェンス｣，集英社新書，2007年７月２２日 ３）川成洋，「スペインの歴史｣，改訂４版河出書房新社，2007年８月３０日 ４）川成洋，「スペイン内戦とガルシア・ロルカ」，共編箸，南雲堂フェニック

ス，２００７年９月３０日

翻訳寳

１）川成洋，「ヴァイキング事典｣，スーザン.Ｍ・マーグゾン箸，あすなる書

房，2007年１月２５日

２）川成洋，「アステカ・マヤ・インカ文明事典｣，エリザベス・バケダーノ箸，

あすなる書房，2007年４月２５日 註釈瞥

1）川成洋，“英語で読む人生１２話，,，改訂４版，南雲堂フェニックス，２００７

年２月２０日

2）川成洋，“キャパが見た激動の２０世紀，,，改訂４版，南雲堂フェニックス，

2007年２月２０［１

３）111成洋，“法律事務所，，，改訂２版，南雲堂フェニックス，2007年３月４日

競文

１）川成洋，“エリザベス朝の「イングランド秘密情報部の父」サー・フランシ ス・ウオルシンガム（1530？～９０)'，，法政大学小金井論集，第４号，

2007年３月

－３６－

評論：その他

１）川成洋，“世相画や風俗語から古き良き明治時代を偲ぶ，'，週刊東洋経済，

2007年１月１３日

２）111成洋，“どこを向いているのかしたたかな国イギリス，，，週刊東洋経済，

2007年２月１０日

３）川成洋，“西班牙学入門講座一ゴヤ"’１EspaiiaAmigo11第３号，福岡スペ イン友好協会１２００７年２月

４）111成洋，“ヨーロッパとイスラームの間にあるもの,，，中日新聞，２００７年２ 月１６日

５）111成洋，！`スペイン，はるか南国空の下で，日本人が.…，，，週刊東洋経済，

２００７年２月２４日

６）川成洋，“本当の教育改革は古典・故事を学ぶことから始まる”，週刊東洋 経済，2007年３月２４日

７）川成洋，“作家サマーセット・モームはＭＩ６のスパイだった，,，週刊東洋経 済，2007年４月２１日

８）川成洋，“スペイン内戦とブランコ体制'，，パンズ・ラビリンス，２００７年４ 月２５日

９）111成洋，“ドイツ軍に立ち向かった２０世紀パリの２つの文化運動，,，週刊東 洋経済，２００７年５月２６日

10）川成洋，“聖家族教会やスペイン内戦勃発７０年のことなど”，独行一詩と評 論，Ｎｏ．１５，２００７年６月

１１）川成洋，“２０世紀を代表する戦争報道写真家ロバート・キャパ"，週刊東洋 経済，２００７年６月２３日

12））||成洋，“陸軍の弾圧が，戦後の政治的資産になった吉田茂の「強運｣,,「週

刊東洋経済，２００７年７月２８日

１３）111成洋，“すごい人物と出会える本"，英語教育，２００７年８月号

１４）111成洋，“イギリス人の理想の生活，それは田舎暮らし，,，週刊東洋経済，

2007年８月２５日

１５）川成洋，“ヨーロッパの辺境で生き延びたケルト人の文化を偲ぶ,'，週刊東 洋経済，２００７年９月２９日

１６）川成洋，“アーネスト・ヘミングウェイ「世界の首都｣"，国文学，１０月臨時

－３７－

増刊号，2007年１０月

17）川成洋，‘`昭和の歴史から学ばなければならないこと，'，週刊東洋経済，

2007年１０月２０日

18）川成洋，‘`グレアム・グリーン「第三の男｣,，，国文学，2007年１０月

19）川成洋，“スペイン内戦とブランコ政権''，ガーデンシネマ・イクスプレス，

2007年１０月

20）川成洋，“スペイン現代史一スペイン内戦から独裁政権の終結，現代まで，'，

ガーデンシネマ・イクスプレス，2007年１０月

21）川成洋，“城山三郎の原点は人間を愚弄した戦争体験,,，週刊東洋経済ロ

2007年１１月１７日

22）111成洋，“古書はこわい。内容，装丁でその国の実力が見えるから''，週刊

東洋経済，2007年１２月２２日

講演：研究発表

１）川成洋，“サマーセット・モームーその知られざる側面''’２０世紀英文学研 究会，大妻女子大学，２００７年３月２３日

２）川成洋，“スペイン内戦の意味するもの,，ﾛスペイン現代史学会2007年総会，

関西外国語大学，2007年６月３０日

３）川成洋，“近世（１５～１６世紀）スペイン”，セルバンテス文化センター東 京，2007年１２月１１日

４）川成洋！“現代（２０世紀）スペイン,，，セルバンテス文化センター東京，

2007年１２月１８日

書評

１）111成洋，“十字軍大全"，ビジネス・サポート，２００７年１月号

２）川成洋，“黒澤明ｖｓハリウッド"，ビジネス・サポート，２００７年１月号 ３）川成洋，“近代「書生気質」の変遷史一日本文学に描かれた学生像''，ビジ

ネス・サポート，2007年１月号

４））||成洋，“海に眠る船一コロンブス大航海の謎''，ビジネス・サポート，

２００７年１月号

５）川成洋，“中国語救急箱一すぐに役立つ会話集，'，ビジネス・サポート，

－３８－

2007年１月号

６）川成洋，“犬がくれた幸福"，ビジネス・サポートロ2007年１月号

７）川成洋，“図説「世界の紛争地図」の読み方''１週刊東洋経済，２００７年１月

１３日

８）川成洋，“ヒトラーの女スパイ”，週刊東洋経済，２００７年１月１３日±六つ ９）川成洋，“グーデンベルグの時代一印刷術が変えた世界'，，週刊東洋経済，

２００７年１月２０日

10）111成洋，“万年筆ミュージアムー歴史と文化に触れるモノ造り，,，週刊東洋 経済，２００７年１月２０日

11）川成洋，“揮身のシニア"，週刊東洋経済，２００７年１月２０日

12）川成洋，‘`ラバウル戦犯弁護人一報復裁判に立ち向かった日本人"，週刊東 洋経済，２００７年１月２０日

13）川成洋，“脳障害を生きる人々－脳治療の最前線"，週刊東洋経済，２００７年 １月２７日

14）111成洋，“写真集一硫黄島''１週刊東洋経済，2007年１月２７日

15）川成洋，“現代社会の倫理を考える－教育の倫理学,,，週刊東洋経済，２００７ 年１月２７日

16）川成洋，“漱石先生からの手紙一寅彦・豊隆・三重吉,,，週刊東洋経済，

2007年２月３日

17）川成洋，“生涯現役エンジニアー実例にみるその必要性と提案，，，週刊東洋 経済，２００７年２月１０日

18）Ｉ||成洋，“InPursuitoflntention"，新英語教育，２００７年２月号 19）111成洋，‘IInPursuitoflntention，,，英語青年，２００７年２月号

20）111成洋，“階級社会の変貌－２０世紀イギリス文学に見る,,，週刊読書人，

２００７年２月１６日

21）川成洋．“わが内なる唐木順三"，週刊東洋経済，２００７年２月２４日

22）川成洋，“技術英文効果的に伝える１０のレトリックテクニカル・ライ ティング練習帳'１，週刊東洋経済，２００７年２月２４日

23）111成洋，“TOEFLテスト・リーディング技法,,，ＴＳＲ情報Weekly，２００７ 年２月２６日

24）川成洋，“スポーツの百科事典"，週刊東洋経済，２００７年３月３日

－３９－

25）

26）

川成洋，“諜報機関に編されるな！”，週刊東洋経済，2007年３月３日

川成洋，“ウォルター・スコットの歴史小説一スコットランドの歴史・伝

承・物語,,，週刊東洋経済，2007年３月１０日

川成洋，“僕は八路軍の少年兵だった"，週刊東洋経済，2007年３月１０日

川成洋，“俺はあきらめない－不良少年，フレンチシェフになる，，，ＴＳＲ情

報Weekly，2007年３月１２日

川成洋，“現代の傭兵たち,，，週刊東洋経済，2007年３月１７日

川成洋，‘`階級社会の変貌－２０世紀イギリス文学に見る”，週刊東洋経済，

2007年３月１７日

川成洋，“近現代史ものしり用語物語,'，ＴＳＲ情報Weeldy，2007年３月１７日

川成洋，“ヴァイキング事典"，週刊東洋経済，２００７年３月２４日

川成洋，“風の影（上・下)”，バセオ・フラメンコ，2007年３月号

川成洋，“韓国学への招待一草の根の「日韓歴史共同体」構築のための「総 合科学｣,Ⅲ，週刊東洋経済，2007年３月３１日

111成洋，“スペイン市民戦争とアジア"，パセオ，2007年４月号

川成洋，“ガルシアーマルケスに葬られた女',，週刊東洋経済，2007年４月

７日

111成洋，“秘密結社フリーメイソンリー"Ⅲ週刊東洋経済，2007年４月７日 １１１成洋，“絵解きヨーロッパ中世の夢"，週刊東洋経済，2007年４月７日 111成洋，“大衆の心に生きた昭和の画家たち,,，週刊東洋経済，2007年４月

１４日

川成洋！“メールと電話のビジネス英語表現集?，，週刊東洋経済１２００７年４

月１４日

111成洋，“ふしぎな動物モオ"，週刊東洋経済，２００７年４月２１日

川成洋，“フェルメール全点踏破の旅,,，週刊東洋経済，２００７年４月２１日 111成洋，“応用心理学事典"，週刊東洋経済，２００７年４月２１日

Ⅱ|成洋，“ぼくのドン・キホーテ,，，パセオ，２００７年５月号 )||成洋，“ドン・キホーテへの誘い"，パセオ，２００７年５月号

川成洋，“ザビエルの海一ポルトガル「海の帝国」と日本，,，北海道新聞，

2007年４月２９日

川成洋，“東京裁判の謎を解く”，週刊東洋経済，２００７年５月１２日 27）

28）

29）

30）

31）

32）

33）

34）

35）

36）

37）

38）

39）

40）

41）

42）

43）

44）

45）

46）

47）

－４０－

川成洋，“映画でベトナムーベトナム映画１９本＋ベトナム文化'，，週刊東洋 経済，２００７年５月１２日

川成洋，“ごみの有料化"，週刊東洋経済，2007年５月１９日

111成洋，“写真でたどるロシアの文化と歴史"，週刊東洋経済，２００７年５月 １９日

111成洋，“暗号事典'，，週刊東洋経済，２００７年５月２６日

111成洋，“相棒に手を出すな"，週刊東洋経済，2007年５月２６日

川成洋，“モナ・リザー私が描かれた理由"，週刊東洋経済，2007年５月２６日 川成洋，“ドン・フェルナンドの酒場で－サマセット・モームのスペイン歴

史物語'，，パセオ，2007年６月号

川成洋，“図説アフリカの哺乳類"，週刊東洋経済，２００７年６月２日 111成洋，“赤い帽子一フェルメールの絵をめぐるファンタジー，'，週刊東洋 経済，２００７年６月２日

川成洋，“神話のスパイラルーアメリカ文学と銃"，週刊東洋経済，２００７年 ６月２日

川成洋，“ニュージヤパンモデルサイエンスＴＱＭ"，週刊東洋経済，２００７ 年６月９日

Ⅱ|成洋Ⅲ“イギリス「教育改革」の教訓,，，週刊東洋経済，2007年６月９日 111成洋，“思い出すまま，,，週刊東洋経済，２００７年６月１６日

川成洋，“謎解き広重「江戸百｣'，，週刊東洋経済，2007年度６月１６日 川成洋，“ミステリドラマで英語リスニング，,，週刊東洋経済，2007年６月 ２３日

川成洋，“アステカ・マヤ・インカ文明事典"，週刊東洋経済，２００７年６月

２３日

川成洋，“戦場に舞ったビラ，,，週刊東洋経済，２００７年６月２３日

111成洋，“未知の国スベインーバスク・カタルーニャ・ガリシアの歴史と文 化，，，週刊東洋経済，２００７年６月３０日

川成洋，“ふしぎな動物モオ"，パセオ，２００７年７月号

川成洋，“完壁！と言われる科学論文の書き方"，週刊東洋経済，２００７年７ 月７日

川成洋，“マシュー・アーノルド伝"，週刊東洋経済，２００７年７月７日 48）

49）

50）

51）

52）

53）

54）

55）

56）

57）

58）

１１１１ ９０１２ ５６６６

63）

１１ 幽閉

66）

67）

68）

－４１－

69）

川成洋，“場所の心時のすがた一文化記者の見た日本,'，週刊東洋経済，

2007年７月１４日

川成洋，“バルトルの冒険一ネコの物語,'，週刊東洋経済，2007年７月１４日

川成洋，“現代演劇リリアン・ヘルマン／メガン・テリー,，，週刊東洋経済，

2007年７月２１日

川成洋，“四字熟語ひとくち話,，，週刊東洋経済，2007年７月２８日 川成洋，“わが内なる唐木順三Ⅲ，，英語教育，２００７年８月号

川成洋，“近衛秀麿一日本のオーケストラをつくった男,'，英語教育，２００７

年８月号

川成洋，“ホトケの映画行路"，英語教育，2007年８月号

川成洋，“ザビエルの海一ポルトガル「海の帝国」と日本,'，パセオ，２００７ 年８月号

)||成洋，“後藤又兵衛とその子'１，週刊東洋経済，2007年８月４日

111成洋，‘`魔よけ百科一かたちの謎を解く，，，週刊東洋経済，2007年８月２５日 111成洋，“あなたの会社は大丈夫？”，週刊東洋経済，2007年９月１日 川成洋，“日本刀一日本の技と美と魂,，，週刊東洋経済，2007年９月８日 川成洋，‘`沖縄密約一「情報犯罪」と日米同盟"，週刊東洋経済，２００７年９

月８日

川成洋，“洋酒天国とその時代"，週刊東洋経済，2007年９月８日 川成洋，“正倉院の謎，，，週刊東洋経済，2007年９月１５日

川成洋，“オリエントの夢文化一夢判断と夢神話，，，週刊東洋経済，2007年

９月２２日

)||成洋，“戦艦大和と日本人'，，週刊東洋経済，２００７年９月２９日 111成洋，“温暖化の世界地図"，週刊東洋経済，２００７年９月２９日

111成洋，“バルトルの冒険一ネコの物語"，ラテルネ，９８号１２００７年９月

３０日

111成洋，“会津藩什の碇武士階級の子どものしつけ方,'，週刊東洋経済，

2007年１０月６日

川成洋，“ペニシリン産業事始"，週刊東洋経済，２００７年１０月６日

川成洋，“今を生きるケルトーアイルランドの言語と文学"，週刊東洋経済，

2007年１０月１３日 70）

71）

１１１ ２３４ ７７７

75）

76）

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79）

80）

81）

Ｊ１ｊ 皿鍋拠

85）

86）

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89）

90）

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91）川成洋，“よみがえる心臓一人工臓器と再生医療,,，週刊東洋経済，２００７年 １０月２０日

92）川成洋，“四字熟語物語一故事来歴をひもとく`，，週刊東洋経済，2007年１０ 月２０日

93）川成洋，“ブリタニア列王史,,，週刊東洋経済，2007年１０月２０日 94）川成洋，“城山三郎の遺志'，，週刊東洋経済，2007年１０月２７日 95）川成洋，“大学ランキング,，，週刊東洋経済，2007年１０月２７日

96）川成洋，“崩壊した神話エレベーター',,週刊東洋経済，2007年１０月２７日 97）川成洋，“スペイン内戦とガルシア・ロルカ”，イスパニア図書，第１０号Ⅲ

2007年１１月１日

98）111成洋，‘`十字軍大全一年代記で読むキリスト教とイスラームの対立０，ロイ スパニア図書，第１０号，２００７年１１月１日

99）川成洋，“アステカ・マヤ・インカ文明事典，,，イスパニア図書，第１０号，

2007年１１月１日

100）川成洋，“ザビエルの海一ポルトガル「海の帝国」と日本"，イスパニァ図 書，第１０号，２００７年１１月１日

101）川成洋，‘`未知の国スペイン”，イスパニア図書，第１０号，２００７年１１月 １日

102）川成洋，“風の影"，イスパニア図書，第１０号，２００７年１１月１日

103）川成洋，“｢兵士」になれなかった三島由紀夫，ﾛ，週刊東洋経済，2007年１１ 月１０日

104）川成洋，“エスピオナージ,,，週刊東洋経済，2007年１１月１０日

105）111成洋，“｢尊厳死」に尊厳はあるか"，週刊東洋経済，２００７年１１月１０日 106））||成洋，“大空真弓の健康格言,，，週刊東洋経済，2007年１２月１日 107）川成洋，“半世紀前からの贈物一いま蘇る小学校２年生の「文集｣”，週刊

東洋経済，２００７年１２月１日

108）川成洋！“権力に迎合する学者たち'，，週刊東洋経済’2007年１２月１日 109）川成洋，“凍える森,'，週刊東洋経済，2007年１２月８日

110）川成洋，“スペイン内戦とガルシア・ロルカ，'，週刊東洋経済Ⅲ２００７年１２ 月８日

111）川成洋，“文芸時評一現実と本当は恐いその歴史''１北海道新聞，２００７年

－４３－

１２月１０日

川成洋，“暮らしのテクノロジー"，週刊東洋経済，2007年１２月１５日 川成洋，“科学者ってなんだ？''，週刊東洋経済，2007年１２月２２日 川成洋，“風の影，，，スペイン現代史，第１０号，２００７年１２月２５日

川成洋，“十字軍大全一年代記で読むキリスト教とイスラームの対立'，，ス

ペイン現代史，第１０号，2007年１２月２５日

川成洋，“スペイン内戦とガルシア・ロルカ，,，スペイン現代史，第１０号，

112）

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116）

2007年１２月２５日

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