Energy saving in the storage of agricultural products
その他(別言語等)
のタイトル
農産物貯蔵における省エネルギー
著者(英) Ishibashi Ken‑ichi, Hironaka Kazunori, Okamura Taisei
journal or
publication title
Research bulletin of Obihiro Zootechnical University. Series I
volume 16
number 4
page range 241‑246
year 1990‑06‑30
URL http://id.nii.ac.jp/1588/00002031/
月舘.βz(J/.α繭如L加机上力行は畝∴封ヱ〜2〃占
241
EnergysavlnginthestorageofagrlCulturalproducts KenichiIsHIBASHIl,KazunoriHIRONAKAlandTaisejOKAMURAl
(R∝ejved:Noヽrember30,1989)
Abstra(:t
lIlthestorageofielativeIyjnexpensivevegetab】esthesavingofcnergylSeSSentialto al】owgrowerstoreducetheirtota】cDStincoolandcoldtemperatureclimates.Inthispaper.
averysimpleheatexchangerofnatuTa】coolairwasfoundtosaveabout40%ofthepower COnSumption usuaZly used to store Chjnese cabbagein the winter.An efficient use oi polyethylenefilmandethyle】一eabsorbentshouldpTOmOtetheenergysavingevenftlrther.
TheCOzconcentrationinthesoi7didnotaffectthequa】ityofthecarrotcropasmuchas theprevailingtemperature・C一)VeTlngOfthelDcmraisedfurrowwiththepolystyrenefilm andraisingofthesoilto20cminducedthelowesttrimlossesofcarrotsharve5tedonApril 19,1983・Therefore,itissuggestedthatenerg〉rSaVinginthestorageofroot亡rOpSSuChas CarrOtSWillhavethepracticaleffectofTeducingwarehouseconstruction,
KeyWords=Energysavh且Storage.Chinesecabbage,Carrot,Polystyrenefi]m
WereuSedintheexperiment,Whi]ecarrotsofthe New−Red Core type grown on the Universjty Farmwerepickedasneededduring198283forarl analysis(】fthechemicalandphysicalstruCture.
Gフ乃〜和JJed cゐ虎弼ゐgγ
AchaTT)berc()ntrO】1edat4.5 Cand90%R.H.was
constructedwithinteriordimensionsofl.77×2.68X
l.93m3.1tconsistedofacoo]er(400W)aTldahe8t exchanger with 6,5m2 of surface area,both designedtousenaturalcoolairasshownjnF涙.1.
言わガ瑚C〃拘dす放)叩扉C揖児g∫ぞⅢ占ム聯
Each head was cutinto fDtlr partS.Wrapped toge亡herwithasmallbagofethyleneabs(1rbentin
】owdensjtypoIyethy】enefi】m200r40pmthickand 亡he】1COVerd uutsidewith a net.
山河匝hオ卯肌γm閤珊卯両用血旬は叫=血糊
Introdul:ti(〉n
Sincccrop prices,eSpeCially forvegetables,are StHlrelativelylow,the savlng Of energyin their StOragCisapressi礪needifgrowersaretoreduee theirtotalcosts.Thetotalcostofstorageofacrop jsderivedmainlyfromwarehouseconstru亡tionand TefrigeratiDnelectricity.Theaimof[hiswork\〜raS toassesstheenergysavingeffectofnatllralcoolajr inthestorageofChinesecabbageandcarrotsusing filmandrajsedsoi】together.
Mbterials乱nd鳳Iethods
旦㈲m=グふ御ゆ友
Fresh−Banshu ChincsecabbagesalZharvestedon October2U,198O from a famler sfield h Obihjro
1LaboTatOryOfAgnculturalPTOCeSSmgMachlnery・DepartmentofAgrl亡ultuFalChemjstry,ObihlrOUnⅣer・
SityofAgrict]1tureandVeterinaryMedi亡ine.Obihiro,fIokkajdoO80.Japan Arunningtitle=EnergγSavinginthestorage
−27一
ⅩenichilsI11BASHl.比丘Zur10ri地租NAKAa【ldTaiseiO貰AMl」RÅ
242
r附リ∴、イ∴J・、■.小
AttheUniversityFarmlⅥnefu汀OWsofca汀りtS giv印inTableいVereraisd.Ås血owni】lTabIe2.
aspeciaIty匹pOlystylemefilm32〝min甜ckness WaSalsousedtosave印ergyinthe9αilraishlg.
肋ゆ舵傭扉げひ即断紬=叩妙融毎期鱒Ⅵ融
Fig.2shtlWSaSChematicformeasuringC(〕⊇COn−
ceTltrationTlearth(⇒rootS.Tht!increaseinCO2near therootsresultjngfr(1mthelowpermeabilityDfair thro曙hthefilmwasdeterminedathtervalsbyall analy2:er.The且tmOSPheric temperatt]fe afLd the
反mperaturebenea仇tksurface¢faseleckdroot Ofeacllfurr打WWerereCOrdedthroughDut仇eexper−
iment.
瓜痴翔祓Ⅶぬ朋qr脚成功=愈頭威圧〆れ助
Moisturec(7ntetltl〉,apparentmOdl】1usofdasticity一〉
andβ一CarOter)eCOntentOfthesamplesdtLgO11tOn a‡lsucllOCCaiit)nSWeremeaSWed.
After storing these samplesin the chamber,
power consumptlali was determined hourly by 血ooting the reading of the meters.Chemical ana】ysesofweightloss,aSCOrbをcacidccrntentl)and perox主daseactivjty之)weredoneatintervalsoflto
3wさeksこ
T乱blel,Ninecarrt)tfurr()Ⅵ・Sraisedwith鋪i】and polystyreoe film
Rai駅ds¢il(仁m)
1:Tや叫peratUrereCnrder 2:P(JW訂Cひn叩【nptionlneter 3ニ5せnSOrOft弧1だratureDf(〉ut畠ideaLr d:Sensor8f揉mperat−ユrei】1Lk血arnbモr 5:F血hrstlCti()nl)rC山dDutもiむaうr
6:C()ロ1計
Fitmpositioll
¢ 10 ZO
日Ⅴ
Upper LoⅥrer
7=Fanf灯airCiTCulatiollinthモ紬mber upper&−DlVer 8:HeatせX仁hanger
Fig.1. Ct)n[mlledc11a【nber紅hematic
Laweγ&1()Wer NoTle
T&ble2.PrDpertiesoipolystyrenefihnused
‡ter‡】
Va】Ⅵe Me仇od
32〝m
4.5gこ1、l味
9%10¢戊ノm名・24hr・atm 5.000c⊂ノm2・2抽r・atm ll,000cc/用言・241甘・atm TIli亡knes5
Tearupb代aki喝StTeTlがh
lel噛ぬwi諏
CrOSSlVISe OpacityWatだrVapOrPermeability
Ox〉′越fn匹meability
Carbondioxideperm由bility
JISP−8116
ASTMD10喝 AST加トE−36
(3召−C.鍋%RIi)
ÅSTM−D1434
(3()ロC)
ASTM D14a4
(3()、C)
Eller郎7Sa\ringinthestoraが
ニて⁚・■・ごここ=⁚︑・∴ rUし巴コ︼巴乳u一心ト
1(二unlSい)Ⅰ〕pe】
2=\r1日吊chレJridetu加(ID】50mm)
3:じlこISSⅥ′()01
」=2(〉じInl aiscdft】r「【州
5:l−りLヽ・叫ⅠeIle film 6:C削■r爪rOOt
Iノt▲rf()ratedpo】ydl−)・1e11etしIbe
トニSillconttlb(、けー)4」11111)Fk,2. Schematic of methく1d of detemlinin只 gaseous eTⅣrOnmentJlear the roots of VTTT
L)cで.1dハ8 15川
612 Tjmclo■d朕■い
Fig.3. Changein tDta】energyil10ne dayin rtllaLi〔)ntOatmOSpherictemperature.
Resu】ts andI)iscl柑Sion
ん∴、∴′∴′.・.. ‥∴‥.・∴・ヾl
tl、ig.3shuwstheenergy savingeffectofoneday Of sucked naturalcoolairin storirlg Chinese cab−
l)a針!aトt.5⊃C.T】1tleXtentりr tht:Sa\′iTlgiT】い)ta】
POWereOnSumptjotlWaSfo11ndtobeconnectedwith
Lheatmosp†江:rictLlmPCl−aturC(curvcdliI】einFjg.4).
Fj糾1TeS5and6indicate the spasonalchangein totalpowerconsumption,pOjntingtoacutdownof elecrricjtybetweenmidDecenlberandearlyFebru arybYabout40%overthatrequiredir)November.
Q〃〝J7b扉〔撤■那即G虚血那
Evenafiln120FEmin亡hjcknessprotectedagairlSt b()th\腔jghし】oss aTld breakdown or ascurbic acid しI11der亡hes亡OredcoIldition.1nTable3.aslg11ificarlL 亡Orrelatjo【1betweenascorbicacidcorltentaIldper−
0Ⅹidase actiヽ・i亡y was calculated after41Veeksl)f StOrage With regardto residtlalascorbi亡aCid con
t(mt;()nl)r aniTlteraCtjon betweellfilnl(thicklleSS)
andabsorbeIlt仙・aS found.This fact sl哨geStS the
possibjlit)′0∫uヤーし汀1grl:at(汀ビnrg〉′SaV】ngln St(汀ITlg
盲さLU・一5d二ご三っとうbβ︻
川
8 0パ
几tnlりドl】llヒrict亡nlpeT∂しul e(=0
Ilg.4・ RelationbetweenairteTperatureOfsucr
tionaTldrequiredtotalI)(川′er・
Ⅵ・i亡h a more effi〔:jent11Seりrthese twoi亡el11S.
CO2〟〃dわm♪仁mJg〃Ⅴ乃〝dチ′JゐどⅢ7′和′和0ね Fig.7showstheimlrflICLivenessofsDilraishgon preverlti()n()fairfromtrarlSferringinthefurrows・
0Ilthe whole,CO2 亡OnCentrationin the sojlair
decreased graduallywith the decTt・aSe jTlt〉utSide
temperattlre.alldincreasedinthespringatlrCpOrt
29−
KenichiIsItIBASr[Ⅰ,KazunoriHIRON^IiAand TaiseiOKAMUI(A
糾4
︵h眉\号室⁝薫香当宮喜しじ旨○白鳥巴聖卜亘 二;さここ二二∈つ︑とこ:・=ごここ一三▼言トさV ■亡ミ∪三−さ⁝≒=三≒︸
爪じ 一〇 一U n ∧V ︵U 8 浣U 4 2
ンC亡 ご
0 ロ、
/
㌧/ も。八。ノ:: 逗先謡▲缶
、.11/L 12/L l/L 2/L 3/L
TenthdayofnlOntb
11パ12几 1/L
Tl▲tlthd且yOfmon【h
FiF.6. Sea紬naldecreasein relative consump一 山DnOftotalpowerin1980肌.
Flg.5, Seasonalchangein totalpower con−
sllmptioれQftemperaturecontrolling Qf chamberil】19別)−8l
Table3.AnalysisofvarlanCeOfresjduaIascorbicacidcoTLterlt
Source S.S d.f M.S F。
FiIm(A) 8358.5306 Absort)ent(B) 5ひ.7656 Net(C) 7254.7帥6
AxB 29558.2056
AxC 2201.9556
BメC 4q3.0056
AXBXC 3478.05(略 Error 30221.7450
1 8358.5306 2.2125
1
50.765(i O.0134 1 7254.7とち06 1.9204 1 29558.2056 7.8234■
1 2201.9556 0.5828 1 403.0056 0.1066 1 3478.0506 0.92〔略 8 3777.71日l
Tota1 81527.0393 15
ed by AlberLsen6】.A】th【)ugh theincreaseiTICO。
COnCeTltrati()nin Apri】must be a TeSutt Of the recovcry ofrespiraLjonbymicrf)Organisms且ndthe CarrOt rOOtS,thc totalconcentration wasnothigh en〔〉ugh(such as5%7りto extend the shelflife oE Can−OtS.Whilethelowestatmospherictemperature wasobservedas22.5RCinlateJanuaryof1983the SOjltemperatureatlOandZOcmunderthegro11nd
Surfacefel]onlyto A4.3and−3.0 C,reSpeCtively.
The minimtlm temPerature fallbeneath the root Surfaceduringfield storagewasf〔〉undinthecase Of XI11(ir】20cm of rais∈・d soilalld upper film
p〔〉Si[ioll).
励明抄猫血好㈹d跡Ⅶ=頑嘩■
As shownin Table4.on the average through Marchth(三11r.ⅤⅠIandVIlIflユrr()W5lTetainedalmost
;し二軍戸■▼上一ヒき︐くこ
l II ll【 JV \7 1rl Vu Ⅷ ⅠⅩ FurroⅥ・nllmbeT
Fig.7. SeasoTLalchangein CO?COnCentration
near the carrot roots of the fuTrOWin
1983
Energysavinginthestorage
Table4.ApparentmodulusDfelasticityofearrotsofninefurrows(MN/m2)
hlrrr,w number
し几 n a B
IX
V
V
I
ll III TV V VI 1982−Nov
Dec 1983Jam
Feb Mar
3 8 9 7
1 7 3 3
5 5 3 ﹂T
nU 6 ハhU 2
.4 6 4 りJ
−へ︶ 9 2 6
亡J 9 8 2
. 9 0 ﹁へ︶ ﹁へ︶
Table5.βCarotene亡Ontentinph】oemofcarrots(〟g/g)
Flユ汀OWnumber Hanrest
date
III III Ilr V lり ⅤⅠⅠ ⅤⅠⅠⅠⅠⅩ Blank
1982−No\「.B lO5.5
Dec.17104.8 100.4 102.0 110.3 101.5 116.2 85.1110.2 126.2 101.5 1983Jan.5 錮.4 89.6 1(拍.1 94_5 134.3 1一肌4 93.2 104.8 103.0 107.2
Feb.7 鮒.9 1n9.4 97.4 132.2 152.9 108.4 131.1 96.2 97.9 104,O Mar.ユ129.0 113.3 125.4 133.1146.1110.2 81.9 1()9,4 116.1107.9
the same structure of carrots as that of early U∝ember4).Therefore,filmcoverlngOfthesoilis roughIyequa】toraisiれgthesoi】a¶Other10cmasit affectsfurrowinsulation,β一CarOtene COntent,On
theりthtlr hand,did n(】t greatl)・Var〉・aIⅥ()ng the
f11rrOWSthroughtheexperiment(Tablc5),a】th(1ugh I,the furrow through the experimenL(Table5),althoughl.thefurmwwit九ouLanypr〔〉Lectionfrom theco】dair,ShouldhavesustainedseverefTeeZing dahlage. This fac亡implies that even carrots damagedbyfreezinginthefieldmaybeutiljzedas asourceofヽヰtaminAforeitherfoodorfeed.Wl】jl巳
thedataartln(】tShown,thepercentoftrimlossesof thecarrots(〕fIV,ⅤⅠIar】dVITIwere25,9,20.1and 23,7,reSt)ectively.Further studies are needed to moreexactly calculate the amount ofenergysav−
ing realized as a TeSu】t of such fie】d storage of VegetablesiTICOOland cold terperature climates.
But this work suggests thatthe reduction Dfelec triclty and thc sllSpen$i(〉n OfwarehollSe COrlStnlC・
tionmayalsobepracticallyaccompljshed.
Refereユl亡¢S
l)MITSt 帆H.1954.Bull.Inst.Chem.Res.Kyoto Urliv..32.1.
2)WETTER,J.L.,STEIyBERG,PAI】.aIldN軋SON,A.
L.1958.Agr.Fo〔IdChem.,6,39−41.
3)AOAC19BO.Officialmethodofanalysisofthe Officialchemists,pp.53B.
4)OK仙†URA TリKANEKO,K.,IsH】8AS恥K.吊nd
HrRONAl(AK.1983.J.Soc.Agr.Mach.Japan,44,
645852.
5)HIROTA.S.1975.NipponSh(トhlhi11kogyoGak−
kaishi,22,521−529.
6)AtbeTtSen,M.1979.Pflanzenernaehr.B〔〉denkd..
142.39−56.
7)ⅥrILIノ,R.B.ⅠⅠ.,WlトTAlノASIRI.P.ahdSc(〉・1、T,K.J.
1979.1iortScience,14,528530.
Ken−ichilsIIIBASfIl,Kazunori比RONAKÅandTaiseiOlくAMURA
246
農産物貯蔵における省エネルギー 石橋寿一・弘中和惹・岡村太成 帯広畜産大字製造機械学研究室
(080北海道帯広市稲田町)
摘 要
農産物貯商の省エネルギー化を計るために,ハクサ イの低湛貯蔵に外気導入型熱交換器を併用し,その効 果を,またこンジンの圃場越冬貯蔵におよぽすフイル ムおよび培土の影習を検討した。
ハクサイの貯蔵に外気導入塾熱交換器を併用したこ
とで,通常の低温貯蔵より約40%,電力消費を軽減で きた。土壌中のCO2濃度は圃場で貯蔵したニンジンの
革質に影響を与えなかった。ニンジンの畝をポリスチ レンフイルムで覆い.10cmあるいは20cm培土しで
翌年4月中旬に収穫したところ,他の実験区に比べ穀 も低いトリムロスを示した。
キーワード:省エネルギー,貯嵐 ハクサイ,ニンジ