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Energy saving in the storage of agricultural products

その他(別言語等)

のタイトル

農産物貯蔵における省エネルギー

著者(英) Ishibashi Ken‑ichi, Hironaka Kazunori, Okamura Taisei

journal or

publication title

Research bulletin of Obihiro Zootechnical University. Series I

volume 16

number 4

page range 241‑246

year 1990‑06‑30

URL http://id.nii.ac.jp/1588/00002031/

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月舘.βz(J/.α繭如L加机上力行は畝∴封ヱ〜2〃占  

241  

EnergysavlnginthestorageofagrlCulturalproducts    KenichiIsHIBASHIl,KazunoriHIRONAKAlandTaisejOKAMURAl  

(R∝ejved:Noヽrember30,1989)  

Abstra(:t   

lIlthestorageofielativeIyjnexpensivevegetab】esthesavingofcnergylSeSSentialto   al】owgrowerstoreducetheirtota】cDStincoolandcoldtemperatureclimates.Inthispaper.  

averysimpleheatexchangerofnatuTa】coolairwasfoundtosaveabout40%ofthepower   COnSumption usuaZly used to store Chjnese cabbagein the winter.An efficient use oi   polyethylenefilmandethyle】一eabsorbentshouldpTOmOtetheenergysavingevenftlrther.  

TheCOzconcentrationinthesoi7didnotaffectthequa】ityofthecarrotcropasmuchas   theprevailingtemperature・C一)VeTlngOfthelDcmraisedfurrowwiththepolystyrenefilm   andraisingofthesoilto20cminducedthelowesttrimlossesofcarrotsharve5tedonApril   19,1983・Therefore,itissuggestedthatenerg〉rSaVinginthestorageofroot亡rOpSSuChas   CarrOtSWillhavethepracticaleffectofTeducingwarehouseconstruction,  

KeyWords=Energysavh且Storage.Chinesecabbage,Carrot,Polystyrenefi]m  

WereuSedintheexperiment,Whi]ecarrotsofthe   New−Red Core type grown on the Universjty   Farmwerepickedasneededduring198283forarl   analysis(】fthechemicalandphysicalstruCture.  

Gフ乃〜和JJed cゐ虎弼ゐgγ   

AchaTT)berc()ntrO】1edat4.5 Cand90%R.H.was  

constructedwithinteriordimensionsofl.77×2.68X  

l.93m3.1tconsistedofacoo]er(400W)aTldahe8t   exchanger with 6,5m2 of surface area,both   designedtousenaturalcoolairasshownjnF涙.1.  

言わガ瑚C〃拘dす放)叩扉C揖児g∫ぞⅢ占ム聯   

Each head was cutinto fDtlr partS.Wrapped   toge亡herwithasmallbagofethyleneabs(1rbentin  

】owdensjtypoIyethy】enefi】m200r40pmthickand   亡he】1COVerd uutsidewith a net.  

山河匝hオ卯肌γm閤珊卯両用血旬は叫=血糊  

Introdul:ti(〉n  

Sincccrop prices,eSpeCially forvegetables,are   StHlrelativelylow,the savlng Of energyin their   StOragCisapressi礪needifgrowersaretoreduee   theirtotalcosts.Thetotalcostofstorageofacrop   jsderivedmainlyfromwarehouseconstru亡tionand   TefrigeratiDnelectricity.Theaimof[hiswork\〜raS   toassesstheenergysavingeffectofnatllralcoolajr   inthestorageofChinesecabbageandcarrotsusing   filmandrajsedsoi】together.  

Mbterials乱nd鳳Iethods   

旦㈲m=グふ御ゆ友   

Fresh−Banshu ChincsecabbagesalZharvestedon   October2U,198O from a famler sfield h Obihjro  

1LaboTatOryOfAgnculturalPTOCeSSmgMachlnery・DepartmentofAgrl亡ultuFalChemjstry,ObihlrOUnⅣer・   

SityofAgrict]1tureandVeterinaryMedi亡ine.Obihiro,fIokkajdoO80.Japan   Arunningtitle=EnergγSavinginthestorage  

−27一   

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ⅩenichilsI11BASHl.比丘Zur10ri地租NAKAa【ldTaiseiO貰AMl」RÅ   

242  

r附リ∴、イ∴J・、■.小   

AttheUniversityFarmlⅥnefu汀OWsofca汀りtS   giv印inTableいVereraisd.Ås血owni】lTabIe2.  

aspeciaIty匹pOlystylemefilm32〝min甜ckness   WaSalsousedtosave印ergyinthe9αilraishlg.  

肋ゆ舵傭扉げひ即断紬=叩妙融毎期鱒Ⅵ融   

Fig.2shtlWSaSChematicformeasuringC(〕⊇COn−  

ceTltrationTlearth(⇒rootS.Tht!increaseinCO2near   therootsresultjngfr(1mthelowpermeabilityDfair   thro曙hthefilmwasdeterminedathtervalsbyall   analy2:er.The且tmOSPheric temperatt]fe afLd the  

反mperaturebenea仇tksurface¢faseleckdroot   Ofeacllfurr打WWerereCOrdedthroughDut仇eexper−  

iment.  

瓜痴翔祓Ⅶぬ朋qr脚成功=愈頭威圧〆れ助  

Moisturec(7ntetltl〉,apparentmOdl】1usofdasticity一〉  

andβ一CarOter)eCOntentOfthesamplesdtLgO11tOn   a‡lsucllOCCaiit)nSWeremeaSWed.  

After storing these samplesin the chamber,  

power consumptlali was determined hourly by  血ooting the reading of the meters.Chemical   ana】ysesofweightloss,aSCOrbをcacidccrntentl)and   perox主daseactivjty之)weredoneatintervalsoflto  

3wさeksこ  

T乱blel,Ninecarrt)tfurr()Ⅵ・Sraisedwith鋪i】and   polystyreoe film 

Rai駅ds¢il(仁m)  

1:Tや叫peratUrereCnrder   2:P(JW訂Cひn叩【nptionlneter   3ニ5せnSOrOft弧1だratureDf(〉ut畠ideaLr   d:Sensor8f揉mperat−ユrei】1Lk血arnbモr   5:F血hrstlCti()nl)rC山dDutもiむaうr  

6:C()ロ1計  

Fitmpositioll  

¢   10   ZO  

日Ⅴ  

Upper   LoⅥrer  

7=Fanf灯airCiTCulatiollinthモ紬mber   upper&−DlVer   8:HeatせX仁hanger   

Fig.1. Ct)n[mlledc11a【nber紅hematic 

Laweγ&1()Wer   NoTle  

T&ble2.PrDpertiesoipolystyrenefihnused  

‡ter‡】  

Va】Ⅵe   Me仇od  

32〝m  

4.5g  

こ1、l味  

9%   

10¢戊ノm名・24hr・atm    5.000c⊂ノm2・2抽r・atm    ll,000cc/用言・241甘・atm   TIli亡knes5  

Tearupb代aki喝StTeTlがh  

lel噛ぬwi諏  

CrOSSlVISe   Opacity  

WatだrVapOrPermeability   

Ox〉′越fn匹meability   

Carbondioxideperm由bility  

JISP−8116  

ASTMD10喝   AST加トE−36  

(3召−C.鍋%RIi)  

ÅSTM−D1434  

(3()ロC)  

ASTM D14a4 

(3()、C)  

(4)

Eller郎7Sa\ringinthestoraが  

ニて⁚・■・ごここ=⁚︑・∴  rUし巴コ︼巴乳u一心ト  

1(二unlSい)Ⅰ〕pe】  

2=\r1日吊chレJridetu加(ID】50mm)  

3:じlこISSⅥ′()01  

」=2(〉じInl aiscdft】r「【州  

5:l−りLヽ・叫ⅠeIle film   6:C削■r爪rOOt  

Iノt▲rf()ratedpo】ydl−)・1e11etしIbe  

トニSillconttlb(、けー)4」11111)   

Fk,2. Schematic of methく1d of detemlinin只   gaseous eTⅣrOnmentJlear the roots of   VTTT 

L)cで.1dハ8   15川  

6  

12   Tjmclo■d朕■い  

Fig.3. Changein tDta】energyil10ne dayin   rtllaLi〔)ntOatmOSpherictemperature.  

Resu】ts andI)iscl柑Sion   

ん∴、∴′∴′.・.. ‥∴‥.・∴・ヾl   

tl、ig.3shuwstheenergy savingeffectofoneday   Of sucked naturalcoolairin storirlg Chinese cab−  

l)a針!aトt.5⊃C.T】1tleXtentりr tht:Sa\′iTlgiT】い)ta】  

POWereOnSumptjotlWaSfo11ndtobeconnectedwith  

Lheatmosp†江:rictLlmPCl−aturC(curvcdliI】einFjg.4).  

Fj糾1TeS5and6indicate the spasonalchangein   totalpowerconsumption,pOjntingtoacutdownof   elecrricjtybetweenmidDecenlberandearlyFebru   arybYabout40%overthatrequiredir)November.  

Q〃〝J7b扉〔撤■那即G虚血那   

Evenafiln120FEmin亡hjcknessprotectedagairlSt   b()th\腔jghし】oss aTld breakdown or ascurbic acid   しI11der亡hes亡OredcoIldition.1nTable3.aslg11ificarlL   亡Orrelatjo【1betweenascorbicacidcorltentaIldper−  

0Ⅹidase actiヽ・i亡y was calculated after41Veeksl)f   StOrage With regardto residtlalascorbi亡aCid con  

t(mt;()nl)r aniTlteraCtjon betweellfilnl(thicklleSS)  

andabsorbeIlt仙・aS found.This fact sl哨geStS the  

possibjlit)′0∫uヤーし汀1grl:at(汀ビnrg〉′SaV】ngln St(汀ITlg  

盲さLU・一5d二ご三っとうbβ︻  

川  

8   0  

パ  

几tnlりドl】llヒrict亡nlpeT∂しul e(=0   

Ilg.4・ RelationbetweenairteTperatureOfsucr  

tionaTldrequiredtotalI)(川′er・  

Ⅵ・i亡h a more effi〔:jent11Seりrthese twoi亡el11S.  

CO2〟〃dわm♪仁mJg〃Ⅴ乃〝dチ′JゐどⅢ7′和′和0ね   Fig.7showstheimlrflICLivenessofsDilraishgon   preverlti()n()fairfromtrarlSferringinthefurrows・  

0Ilthe whole,CO2 亡OnCentrationin the sojlair  

decreased graduallywith the decTt・aSe jTlt〉utSide  

temperattlre.alldincreasedinthespringatlrCpOrt  

29−   

(5)

KenichiIsItIBASr[Ⅰ,KazunoriHIRON^IiAand TaiseiOKAMUI(A  

糾4  

︵h眉\号室⁝薫香当宮喜しじ旨○白鳥巴聖卜亘   二;さここ二二∈つ︑とこ:・=ごここ一三▼言トさV    ■亡ミ∪三−さ⁝≒=三≒︸  

爪じ  一〇  一U n   ∧V ︵U   8   浣U   4   2  

ンC亡  ご  

0 ロ、 

/  

㌧/  も。八。ノ:: 逗先謡▲缶 

、.  

11/L  12/L l/L   2/L   3/L  

TenthdayofnlOntb  

11パ  

12几   1/L  

Tl▲tlthd且yOfmon【h   

FiF.6. Sea紬naldecreasein relative consump一   山DnOftotalpowerin1980肌.  

Flg.5, Seasonalchangein totalpower con−  

sllmptioれQftemperaturecontrolling Qf   chamberil】19別)−8l 

Table3.AnalysisofvarlanCeOfresjduaIascorbicacidcoTLterlt  

Source   S.S  d.f  M.S  F。  

FiIm(A)   8358.5306   Absort)ent(B)    5ひ.7656   Net(C)   7254.7帥6  

AxB   29558.2056  

AxC   2201.9556  

BメC   4q3.0056  

AXBXC   3478.05(略   Error   30221.7450  

1  8358.5306   2.2125  

1  

50.765(i O.0134   1  7254.7とち06  1.9204   1 29558.2056   7.8234■  

1  2201.9556   0.5828   1   403.0056   0.1066   1  3478.0506   0.92〔略   8   3777.71日l  

Tota1   81527.0393 15  

ed by AlberLsen6】.A】th【)ugh theincreaseiTICO。  

COnCeTltrati()nin Apri】must be a TeSutt Of the   recovcry ofrespiraLjonbymicrf)Organisms且ndthe   CarrOt rOOtS,thc totalconcentration wasnothigh   en〔〉ugh(such as5%7りto extend the shelflife oE   Can−OtS.Whilethelowestatmospherictemperature   wasobservedas22.5RCinlateJanuaryof1983the   SOjltemperatureatlOandZOcmunderthegro11nd  

Surfacefel]onlyto A4.3and−3.0 C,reSpeCtively.  

The minimtlm temPerature fallbeneath the root   Surfaceduringfield storagewasf〔〉undinthecase   Of XI11(ir】20cm of rais∈・d soilalld upper film  

p〔〉Si[ioll).  

励明抄猫血好㈹d跡Ⅶ=頑嘩■   

As shownin Table4.on the average through   Marchth(三11r.ⅤⅠIandVIlIflユrr()W5lTetainedalmost  

;し二軍戸■▼上一ヒき︐くこ  

l II ll【 JV \7 1rl Vu  Ⅷ ⅠⅩ   FurroⅥ・nllmbeT  

Fig.7. SeasoTLalchangein CO?COnCentration  

near the carrot roots of the fuTrOWin  

1983 

(6)

Energysavinginthestorage  

Table4.ApparentmodulusDfelasticityofearrotsofninefurrows(MN/m2)  

hlrrr,w number 

し几  n  a  B   

IX  

V  

V  

I  

ll   III TV V VI   1982−Nov 

Dec  1983Jam 

Feb  Mar 

3 8 9 7  

1 7 3 3  

5 5 3 ﹂T  

nU 6 ハhU 2  

.4 6 4 りJ  

−へ︶ 9 2 6  

亡J 9 8 2  

.   9 0 ﹁へ︶ ﹁へ︶  

Table5.βCarotene亡Ontentinph】oemofcarrots(〟g/g)  

Flユ汀OWnumber   Hanrest   

date  

I  

II III Ilr V lり  ⅤⅠⅠ ⅤⅠⅠⅠⅠⅩ Blank  

1982−No\「.B   lO5.5  

Dec.17104.8 100.4 102.0 110.3 101.5 116.2  85.1110.2 126.2 101.5   1983Jan.5 錮.4  89.6 1(拍.1 94_5 134.3 1一肌4  93.2 104.8 103.0 107.2  

Feb.7 鮒.9 1n9.4  97.4 132.2 152.9 108.4 131.1 96.2  97.9 104,O   Mar.ユ129.0 113.3 125.4 133.1146.1110.2  81.9 1()9,4 116.1107.9  

the same structure of carrots as that of early   U∝ember4).Therefore,filmcoverlngOfthesoilis   roughIyequa】toraisiれgthesoi】a¶Other10cmasit   affectsfurrowinsulation,β一CarOtene COntent,On  

theりthtlr hand,did n(】t greatl)・Var〉・aIⅥ()ng the  

f11rrOWSthroughtheexperiment(Tablc5),a】th(1ugh   I,the furrow through the experimenL(Table5),  

althoughl.thefurmwwit九ouLanypr〔〉Lectionfrom   theco】dair,ShouldhavesustainedseverefTeeZing   dahlage. This fac亡implies that even carrots   damagedbyfreezinginthefieldmaybeutiljzedas   asourceofヽヰtaminAforeitherfoodorfeed.Wl】jl巳  

thedataartln(】tShown,thepercentoftrimlossesof   thecarrots(〕fIV,ⅤⅠIar】dVITIwere25,9,20.1and   23,7,reSt)ectively.Further studies are needed to   moreexactly calculate the amount ofenergysav−  

ing realized as a TeSu】t of such fie】d storage of   VegetablesiTICOOland cold terperature climates.  

But this work suggests thatthe reduction Dfelec   triclty and thc sllSpen$i(〉n OfwarehollSe COrlStnlC・  

tionmayalsobepracticallyaccompljshed.  

Refereユl亡¢S   

l)MITSt 帆H.1954.Bull.Inst.Chem.Res.Kyoto    Urliv..32.1.  

2)WETTER,J.L.,STEIyBERG,PAI】.aIldN軋SON,A.   

L.1958.Agr.Fo〔IdChem.,6,39−41.  

3)AOAC19BO.Officialmethodofanalysisofthe    Officialchemists,pp.53B.  

4)OK仙†URA TリKANEKO,K.,IsH】8AS恥K.吊nd   

HrRONAl(AK.1983.J.Soc.Agr.Mach.Japan,44,   

645852.  

5)HIROTA.S.1975.NipponSh(トhlhi11kogyoGak−   

kaishi,22,521−529.  

6)AtbeTtSen,M.1979.Pflanzenernaehr.B〔〉denkd..   

142.39−56.  

7)ⅥrILIノ,R.B.ⅠⅠ.,WlトTAlノASIRI.P.ahdSc(〉・1、T,K.J.   

1979.1iortScience,14,528530.   

(7)

Ken−ichilsIIIBASfIl,Kazunori比RONAKÅandTaiseiOlくAMURA   

246  

農産物貯蔵における省エネルギー   石橋寿一・弘中和惹・岡村太成   帯広畜産大字製造機械学研究室  

(080北海道帯広市稲田町)  

摘   要  

農産物貯商の省エネルギー化を計るために,ハクサ   イの低湛貯蔵に外気導入型熱交換器を併用し,その効   果を,またこンジンの圃場越冬貯蔵におよぽすフイル   ムおよび培土の影習を検討した。   

ハクサイの貯蔵に外気導入塾熱交換器を併用したこ  

とで,通常の低温貯蔵より約40%,電力消費を軽減で   きた。土壌中のCO2濃度は圃場で貯蔵したニンジンの  

革質に影響を与えなかった。ニンジンの畝をポリスチ   レンフイルムで覆い.10cmあるいは20cm培土しで  

翌年4月中旬に収穫したところ,他の実験区に比べ穀   も低いトリムロスを示した。  

キーワード:省エネルギー,貯嵐 ハクサイ,ニンジ  

ン,ポリスチレンフイルム   

参照

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