The i n a c c u r a c y  o f  t h e  t i m e  s e q u e n c e '  o f   S y l v 旬 、 L o v e r sh a s  b e e n   p o i n t e d  o u t  by Graham H a n d l e y  ( 3 0 2

The  Re v i s e d  C h r o n o l o g y  f o r   S y l v i α 包 L o v e r s

T a t s u h i r o  OHNO 

1 .   D e t e r m i n a t i o n  o f  Y e a r s  

The i n a c c u r a c y  o f  t h e  t i m e  s e q u e n c e '  o f   S y l v 旬 、 L o v e r sh a s  b e e n   p o i n t e d  o u t  by Graham H a n d l e y  ( 3 0 2

^・

0 3 ) ;i t s   r e v i s e d  c h r o n o l o g y  h a s   b e e n   p r o p o s e d   by  Andrew S a n d e r s   (Re 吋 s e d C h r o n o l o g y "   5 0 8 ・ 0 9 ) . T a k i n g  t h e i r   d i s c u s s i o n s  i n t o  c o n s i d e r a t i o n ，  1  w o u l d  l i k e   t o   o f f e r   i t s   most a c c u r a t e  c h r o n o l o g y ，  s i n c e  t h i s  i s   t h e  f i r s t  s t e p  f o r  t h e  o b j e c t i v e   i n t e r p r e t a t i o n  o f  G a s k e l l ' s  m e a n i n g .  

One o f  t h e  o b v i o u s  c o n t r a d i c t i o n s ，  a s  e x a m i n e d  by t h e  two c r i t i c s ， 

i s   t h a t  t h e  y e a r  1 7 9 6  a p p e a r s  t w i c e :   f i r s t  i n   C h a p t e r  2  a n d  s e c o n d  i n   C h a p t e r  1 2 .  S y l v i a  Robson a n d  M o l l y  C o r n e y  s e t  o u t  f o r  Monkshaven  t o   s e l l   b u t t e r   a n d   e g g s   e a r l y   i n   O c t o b e r   t h e   y e a r   1 7 9 6 . "   ¹  Wh i l e   t r u n d l i n g   home from t h e   m i s e r a b l e  n e w ‑ y e a r  p a r t y  a t  t h e   C o r n e y s ，  P h i l i p   h e a r s   t h e   c h u r c h   b e l l s   o f   w e l c o m i n g   t h e   New Y e a r ，  1 7 9 6 "  

( 1 5 4 ) .   H a n d l e y   a r g u e s   t h a t   t h e   s u b s e q u e n t   h i s t o r i c a l   f a c t s   t h e   n a r r a t o r  r e f e r s  t o  i n   d e p i c t i n g  t h e  e v e n t  o f  1  J a n u a r y  1 7 9 6  i n   C h a p t e r   1 4 ー Theo p p r e s s i v e  a c t  a g a i n s t  s e d i t i o u s  m e e t i n g s "  ( 1 6 7 )  o f  November  1 7 9 5   ( A n n u a l  R e g i s t e r   1 7 9 5 :   C h r o n i c 1 e 4 3 ‑ 4 4 ) ，   . t h e   a r r e s t   o f   some 

"members o f  t h e  C o r r e s p o n d i n g  S o c i e t y "   ( 1 6 8 )   i n   May 1 7 9 4   ( A n n u a l   Reg お t e r1 7 9 4 :  C h r o n i c l e  1 3

・

1 4 ) ， a n d  e s p e c i a l l y   " t h e  f o r t h c o m i n g  c h i l d   o f  t h e   P r i n c e s s   o f  W a l e s "   ( 1 6 8 )   b o r n  o n   7 J a n u a r y   1 7 9 6   (Annu α I   R e g i s t e r  1 7 9 6 :   C h r o n i c l e  1 ・ 2 ;J .   G .  S h a r p s  3 8 5 ) ー i n d i c a t et h a t  a p p r o ・

p r i a t e  i s   t h e  y e a r  1 7 9 6  i n   C h a p t e r  1 2 ，  n o t  i n   C h a p t e r  2 .   On t h e  o t h e r  

hand ，  c o u n t i n g   b a c k w a r d   from t h e   y e a r   1 7 9 8 "   w h i c h   a p p e a r s   i n  

1 1 8   T a t s u h i r o  OHNO 

C h a p t e r s  3 2  and 3 7  ( 3 6 3 ，  4 2 0 ) ，  h i s   y a r d s t i c k  o f  c a l c u l a t i o n ， 2  Andrew  S a n d e r s  s u g g e s t s  b o t h  1 7 9 6 s  a r e  w r o n g :  t h e   c o r r e c t  y e a r s   s h o u l d   b e   1 7 9 3  and 1 7 9 5   I : e s p e c t i v e l y   ( R e v i s e d  C h r o n o l o g y "  5 0 9 ) .  

One o f  t h e  most e f f e c t i v e  a n d  e f f i c e n t  m e t h o d s  f o r  d e t e r m i n i n g   t h e   c h r o n o l o g y  f o r   s u c h  a n o v e l  a s   S y l v 旬 、 ^{L o v e r s} w h i c h   c o n t a i n s   some n o t i c e a b l e  c o n f l i c t s  i n   t i m e  p r o g r e s s  w o u l d  p r o b a b l y  b e  t o  f o c u s   on t h e   s h i f t   o f   y e a r s ，  n o t   o f   s m a l l e r   u n i t s ，  a n d   t h e n   t o   r e l y   o n   h i s t o r i c a l  e v e n t s  t o  s o l v e  c o n t r a d i c t i o n s .  T h u s ，  t h e  a l e r t  r e a d e r  a v o i d s   p a y i n g  t o o  much a t t e n t i o n  t o  m i n o r  d i s c r e p a n c i e s  o n l y  t o  l o s e  h i m s e l f  i n   an i n e x t r i c a b l e  l a b y r i n t h .  

The o p e n i n g  y e a r  e n d s  i n   C h a p t e r  1 0 :   S y l v i a ' s  m o n o t o n o u s  l i f e   h win 旬 r "i s   b r o k e n  by M o l l y ' s  v i s i t  o n  o n e   d a y   t o w a r d s  s p r i n g "  

( 1 1 4 ) .  The y e a r  c h a n g e s  from s e c o n d  t o   t h i r d  a t  t h e  e n d  o f  C h a p t e r   1 2  when t h e   w r e t c h e d  P h i l i p   h e a r s   t h e   c h u r c h   1 : ) e 1 1 s   o f  w e l c o m i n g  a  N e w .  Year on h i s   t r u d g i n g  home from t h e  C o r n e y s  ( 1 5 4 ) .   T h e  f o u r t h   y e a r  b e g i n s  d u r i n g  " w i n t e r "   ( 2 5 1 ，  2 5 4 )  when t h e  h e i g h t e n i n g  d r e a d  o f   t h e  p r e s s ‑ g a n g  i s   r e l a t e d  from t h e  e n d  o f  C h a p t e r  2 2  t o  t h e  b e g i n n i n g   o f  C h a p t e r  2 3 ，  w h i c h  d e s c r i b e s   t h e   g a n g ' s   c o n s p i r a t o r i a l  c a p t u r e   o f   Monkshaven p e o p l e  and i h e i r   r e t a l i a t i o n   on  F e b r u a r y .   2 3 r d "   ( 2 5 5 ) .   S y l v i a  m a r r i e s  P h i l i p  on 4  J u l y  ( 3 2 5 ，  3 3 5 )  o f  t h e  same y e a r ，  a n d  some  e v e n t s  w h i c h  h a p p e n  i n   t h e   f i r s t   y e a r "   ( 3 4 3 )   o f  t h e i r   m a r r i e d  l i f e   a r e   d e s c r i b e d   i n   C h a p t e r   3 0 . B e f o r e   t h e   e n d   o f   t h a t   f i r s t   y e a r "  

( 3 4 9 ) ，  i . e .   3  J u l y  o f  t h e  f i f t h  y e a r ，  P h i l i p   l e a r n s   t o   f e e l   j e a l o u s y   o f  

S y l v i a ' s  new l o v e  f o r  H e s t e r .  T h e  s t o r y  e n t e r s   t h e   s i x t h   y e a r  a t  t h e  

b e g i n n i n g   qf  C h a p t e r  3 7 ，  o n e  d a y  " i n   t h e   s p r i n g "   ( 3 6 3 ) .   C h a p t e r  3 7  

t a k e s  u s  from t h e  s i x t h  t o  t h e  s e v e n t h  y e a r :  s o o n  a f t e r  t h e  n a r r a t o r ' s  

d e s c r i p t i o n s  o f  S y l v i a ，  H e s t e r ，  a n d  A l i c e  on  C h r i s t m a s "   ( 4 2 1 )   come 

t h o s e  o f  H e s t e r  and S y l v i a  o f t h a t  e n s u i n g  s p r i n g "   ( 4 2 3 ) .  I n  C h a p t e r  

4 2 ，  t h e  s t o r y  e n t e r s  t h e '  e i g h t h  a n d  f i n a l  y e a r  when P h i l i p  s t a y s  a t  S t  

S e p u l c h r e :  h e  e x p e r i e n c e s   t h e  l o n g  w i n  t e r   e v e n i n g s "   (  4 6 4 )  a n d .  l e a  v e s  

The Revised Chronology for Sylvia's Lovers 119

the cathedral in "February" (468).

The investigation above discloses the novel's time span is eight years. The years specified by the narrator are the opening year

"1796" (10), the third "1796" (167), the sixth "1798" (363, 420), and the seventh "1799" (424). As explained above, Handley implies the third year 1796 is most trustful, while Andrew Sanders the sixth year 1798, both quoting historical evidence. For determining which is closer to the timeline truly meant by the author, a stronger criterion would presumably be that the last two years, 1798 and 1799, are specified consecutively. This textual evidence hints that the novel is following a correct time sequence after Sylvia's joining the rescue operation for Charley's smack in Chapter 32.

Year Graham Handley's Andrew Sanders's Main Events

First 1794 1793

Second 1795 1794 New-Year Party

Third 1796 1795 Charley kidnapped

Fourth 1797 1796 Daniel's execution

Fifth 1798 1797 First year of married life

Sixth 1799 1798 Charley's return

Seventh 1800 1799 Philip's rescue of Charley

Eighth 1801 1800 Reunion

The years of critics' calculation bases are coloured grey.

Figure 1: Two Proposed Chronologies

In addition, the harpooner's return to Monkshaven in "April

1798" (363) and the battle at St Jean d'Arce on the "7th of May,

1799" (424) are in correspondence with the historical facts (Andrew

Sanders, Sylvia's Lovers 509, 530). Conversely, although Sanders's

chronology incurs two contradictions only (the first and third year

1796s), Handley's three (the first year 1796, the sixth 1798, and the

seventh 1799). The third option of arranging the time order on the

1 2 0   T a t s u h i r o  OHNO 

b a s i s   o f   t h e   f i r s t   y e a r   1 7 9 6   i s   l e a s t   r e l i a b l e   n o t  m e r e l y   b e c a u s e   i t   i n v i t e s  t h r e e  c o n f l i c t s   ( t h e   t h i r d   y e a r   1 7 9 6 ，  t h e   s i x t h   1 7 9 8 ，  a n d  t h e   s e v e n t h   1 7 9 9 ) ，  b u t   a l s o   b e c a u s e   n o   d a t e s   come  t o   a c c o r d   w i t h   h i s t o r i c a l   e v e n t s .   I n   c o n c l u s i o n ，  S a n d e r s ' s   c h r o n o l o g y   i s   p r o b a b l y   c l o s e s t   t o   t h e   o n e  meant by t h e   a u t h o r  h e r s e l f .   3  Ag~eeing w i t h  h i s   c a l c u l a t i o n ，  Uglow  a r t i c u l a t e s   " T h e   a c t i o n   o f   S y l v i a ' s   L o v e r s

四

s p r e a d  o v e r  s e v e n  y e a r s ，  from 1 7 9 3  t o  1 8 0 0 "  ( E l i z αb e t h  G αs k e l l  5 1 3 ) .   2 .   D a t e s  o f  Key E v e n t s  

The o p e n i n g  d a t e  o f  t h e  s t o r y  i s   m 包 l e a d i n g . 1  t  i s   s p e c i f i e d   a s   a  Wednesday"  ( 1 5 )   o f e a r l y "   O c t o b e r   ( 1 0 )   i n   C h a p t e r   2 ，  b u t   r e f e r r e d   t o   a s   T h u r s d a y "   ( 5 3 )   r e p e a t e d l y   i n   C h a p t e r s   5 a n d   6 .   P r o b a b l y  t h e  l a t t e r  i s   c l o s e r  t o  G a s k e l 1 ' s   m e a n i n g ，  s i n c e  t h e  n a r r a t o r   c a l l s   t h e   s t a r t i n g  . d a y   T h u r s d a y "   f o u r   t i m e s ，  w h i l e   W e d n e s d a y "  

o n l y  o n c e .  The f u n e r a l  o f  D a r l e y ，  t h e  s a i l o r  k i l l e d  b y  t h e  p r e s s ‑ g a n g ，  i s   s e t  o n   S u n d a y "   ( 5 6 ) ，  e i g h t   d a y s   a f t e r   h i s   w h a l e r  Good F o r t u n e   r e t u r n s  t o  Monkshaven on " S a t u r d a y "   ( 5 3 ' ;  i t   i s   o n  T h u r s d a y  o f  t h e   same week t h a t  S y l v i a  a n d  M o l l y  v i s i t  Monkshaven t o  s e e  t h e  R e s o l u ‑ t i o n .   The f u n e r a l  S u n d a y  s . h o u l d  b e  s e t  i n   l a t e  O c t o b e r  o r   e a r l y   No‑

v e m b e r   b e c a u s e   i t   i s   o n   T u e s d a y   n e a r   M a r t i n m a s "   (47)~ 1 1   November ，  o r  f i v e  d a y s  ( 4 6 ，  4 8 )  a f t e r  t h e  s t a r t i n g  T h u r s d a y ，  t h a t  t h e   t a i l o r  Harry D o n k i n  i n f o r m s  t h e  R o b s o n s  o f  t h e  d a t e  o f  D a r l e y ' s  f u ‑ n e r a l ，  and b e c a u s e  t h e  w e a t h e r  o n  t h e  d a y  i s   S t  M a r t i n ' s  ‑ s u m m e r "  

( 6 3 ) .   A f t e r   a l l ，  t h e r e   i s   t h e   i n t e r v a l   o f  o n l y  e l e v e n   d a y s   from t h e  

o p e n i n g   T h u r s d a y   t o   D a r l e y ' s   f u n e r a l   S u n d a y .   T h e r e f o r e ，  a l t h o u g h  

s t a t e d  t h a t  i t   i s   i n   e a r l y "   O c t o b e r  ( 1 0 ) ，  t h e  n o v e l ' s  c o r r e c t  o p e n i n g  

d a t e  i s   p r o b a b l y  a  T h u r s d a y  i n  l a t e  O c t o b e r  o r  e a r l y  November 1 7 9 3 .  

The p r e s s ‑ g a n g ' s  a t t a c k  o n  Monkshaven p e o p l e  a n d  t h e  e n s u i n g  

r e s c u e  o f  t h e  i m p r e s s e d  a r e  s e t  o n  " S a t u r d a y ，  F e b r u a r y  2 3 r d "   ( 2 5 5 ) ， 

1 7 9 6 ，  w h i c h ，  a c c o r d i n g  t o  t h e  p e r p e t u a l  c a l e n d a r ，  i s T u e s d a y . "   T h i s  

The R e v i s e d  Chronology f o r   Sy l v 旬、 L o v e r s 1 2 1   c o n t r a d i c t i o n  i s   p r e s u n i a b l y  c a u s e d  by G a s k e l l ' s  m o d e l l i n g  t h e  a s s a u l t   o n   t h e   Wh i t b y   r i o t   i n   1 7 9 3   ( C h a d w i c k   2 5 8

^・

5 9 ; Andrew  S a n d e r s ，  S y l v 旬 、 L o v e r s 5 2 6 )   when 2 3  F e b r u a r y  was  S a t u r d a y . "  

D a n i e l  i s   h a n g e d  i n   e a r  l y   o r  mid  A p r i l "   ( 3 3 5 ) ，  1 7 9 6 ，  b e c a u s e   B e l l   and S y l v i a  r e t u r n   t o   H a y t e r s b a n k   from  York i n   l a t e   " A p r i l "  

( 3 1 4 ，  3 1 5 ) ，  w h i c h  i s a month a n d  m o r e "   ( 3 1 5 )   a f t e r   t h e y  l e f t   f o r   Y  o r k  o n  a  " T u e s d a y "  ( 3 1 2 )   f o l l o w i n g   March t h e  t w e l f t h "   ( 3 0 8 ) ，  a n d   more  t h a n  . a   f o r t n i g h t "   ( 3 1 5 )   s i n c e   K e s t e r   p a i d   h i s   m a s t e r .  a  f a r e w e l l  v i s i t .  

S y l v i a  p l e d g e s  h e r s e l f  t o   P h i l i p   o n  a d a y  more t h a n   " f i f t e e n "  

( 3 2 5 )  months a f t e r  C h a r l e y ' s  d i s a p p e a r a n c e  i n  March 1 7 9 5 .  T h e r e f o r e ，  h e r  e n g a g e m e n t  day s h o u l d  b e  i n   J u n e  1 7 9 6 .   H a y t e r s b a n k  Farm h a s   t o  b e  q u i t t e d   by  Mi dsummer d a y "   ( 3 2 3 ) ，  2 4   J u n e ，  b u t  a c t u a l l y   i s   h a n d e d  o v e r   t o   t h e   new t e n a n t   on t h e   v e r y   d a y   o f   t t e   w e d d i n g "  

( 3 3 7 ) ，  T h u r s d a y  t h e  f o u r t h  ( 3 3 5 ) .  T h e  month s h o u l d  b e  J u l y .   I f   J u n e ，  S y l v i a   w o u l d   t u r n   o u t   t o   b e   m a r r y i n g   P h i l i p   i m m e d i a t e l y   a f t e r   e n g a g e m e n t  and o n l y  w i t h i n  two m o n t h s  a f t e r  h e r  f a t h e r ' s  e x e c u t i o n ;   b e s i d e s ，  t h e  p e r p e t u a l  c a l e n d a r  s h o w s  t h a t  4  J u l y  o f  1 7 9 3 ，  t h e  y e a r  o f   t h e   Wh i t b y   r i o t   and  i t s   a f t e r m a t h   G a s k e l l   h a s   u s e d   i n   ~oulding

D a n i e l ' s  t r a g e d y  i n   1 7 9 6 ，  f a l l s   o n   T h u r s d a y . "  

From  t h e   h i s t o r i c a l   f a c t   o f   S i r   S i d n e y   S m i t h ' s   r e t u r n   t o  

E n g l a n d  on 8  May 1 7 9 8  ( S y l v i a ' s  L o v e r s  5 0 9 ，  5 2 9 ) :  Andrew S a n d e r s  

s u r m i s e s  t h a t  i t   i s   v e r y  l i k e l y   f o r   h i s   l i e u t e n a n t   C h a r l e y ' s   r e a p p e a r ‑

a n c e  i n   f r o n t  o f  S y l v i a  t o  t a k e  p l a c e  i n A p r i l "   o f 1 7 9 8 "   ( 3 6 3 ) .   I n  

t h e i r  r e u n i t i n g  s c e n e ，  t h e  n a r r a t o r  o b s e r v e s   比 wast h e  same f a c e  s h e  

had l a s t  s e e n  i n  H a y t e r s b a n k  g u l l y  t h r e e  l o n g  y e a r s  a g o "  ( 3 7 7 ) .  A l s o ， 

i n   r e l a t i n g   e v e n t s   o f   November  1 7 9 8 ，  s h e   m e n t i o n s   t h a t   C h a r l e y ' s  

s u p p o s e d  d e a t h  i s   t h e  i n c i d e n t  o f t h r e e  y e a r s "  a g o  ( 4 2 0 ) .  T h e s e  two 

s t a t e m e n t s  a l m o s t  a c c u r a t e l y  a c c o r d  w i t h  o u r  c o m p u t a t i o n ，  s i n c e   h i s  

d i s a p p e a r a n c e  i s   t h e  o c c u r r e n c e  o f  "Ma r c h  1 7 9 5 "   ( 1 8 0 ，  5 0 9 ) . 5  

1 2 2   T a t s u h i r o  OHNO 

I n   d e s c r i b i n g   t h e   s i e g e   a t   S t   J e a n   d ' A c r e   on  7 May 1 7 9 9 "  

( 4 2 4 ，  4 2 6 ) ，  t h e  n a r r a t o r  a r t i c u l a t e s  t h a t  C h a r l e y  was i m p r i s o n e d  by  F r a n c e   t h r e e   y e a r s "   a g o   ( 3 8 5 ，  4 2 6

・

4 7 ) .The c a p t u r e   o f   S i r   S i d n e y   Smith and h i s  p a r t y  by t h e  F r e n c h  f o r c e s ，  on w h i c h  G a s k e l l  b a s e s  h e r   s t o r y ，  h a p p e n e d   i n   A p r i l   1 7 9 6   i n   f a c t   (Andrew  S a n d e r s ，  S y l v i α ' s   L o v e r s  5 2 9 ;   Annu α 1  R e g i s t e r   1 7 9 6 :   C h r o n i c l e   1 3 ‑ 1 4 ) .   I t   t u r n s   o u t ，  t h e r e f o r e ，  t h a t  C h a r l e y  b e c o m e s  a  F r e n c h  p r i s o n e r  o n e  y e a r  a f t e r  h i s   i m p r e s s m e n t  i n   March 1 7 9 5 .  

1  t  i s   r e p o r t e d   t h a t   P h i l i p   h a s   b e e n   a  way from  Monksha  v e n   n e a r l y  two y e a r s "   ( 4 6 8 ) .  T h i s  a l s o  a c c o r d s  w i t h  o u r  c a l c u l a t i o n :   h e   l e a v e s  t h e  w h a l i n g  town i n   A p r i l  1 7 9 8  and r e t u r n s  i n   A p r i l  1 8 0 0 .  

The f i n a l  r e u n i o n  b e t w e e n  S y l v i a  and P h i l i p  s h o u l d  b e  t h e  e v e n t   o f  e a r l y  o r  mid J u n e  1 8 0 0 .  P h i l i p  a r r i v e s  a t  Monkshaven i n   " t h e  f i r s t   week i n  A p r i l "   ( 4 6 8 )  o f  1 8 0 0 ; a  f e w  d a y s  b e f o r e "   ( 4 7 1 ) ，  K e s t e r  p a y s   S y l v i a   a

， 

f a r e w e l l   c a l l ，  when  h e   d i s c l o s e s   h e   w i l l   b e   away  from  Monkshaven b e t t e r   n o r   two m o n t h s "   ( 4 7 6 ) ; About  a f o r t n i g h t   a f t e r "   ( 4 7 8 ) ，  i . e .   m i d ‑ A p r i l ，  S y l v i a   r e a l i z e s   K e s t e r ' s   s i s t e r   S a l l y   Dobson h a s  b e e n  k e e p i n g  a  l o d g e r  f o r   a  s ' e n n i g h t "   ( 4 7 9 ) ，  o r  a  w e e k .   Hence i t   t u r n s  o u t  t h a t  P h i l i p   became S a l l y ' s   l o d g e r   s o o n  a f t e r   h i s   a r r i v a l  a t  Monkshaven. K e s t e r ，  h a v i n g  come b a c k  t o   t h e   town a f t e r   t h e  a b s e n c e  o f  l o n g e r  t h a n  two months ( 4 9 1 ) ，  i . e .   p r o b a b l y  i n   J u n e ， 

旬 l l sS y l v i a  o n e  e v e n i n g  i n   t h e  summer o f  1 8 0 0   ( 4 9 0 )   t h a t  P h i l i p  h a s   b e e n  h i s  s i s t e r ' s  l o d g e r  " n i n e "  w e e k s  ( 4 9 3 ) .  A c c o r d i n g l y ，  t h e  "summer" 

( 4 9 4 )   o f  t h e  p r o t a g o n i s t s '  r e c o n c i l i a t i o n  c a n  b e  i d e n t i f i e d  a s  e a r l y  o r   mid J u n e .  

The n a r r a t o r  i n s e r t s   t h e   p h r a s e   " s i x t y   o r   s e v e n t y   y e a r s   a g o "  

t h r e e   t i m e s  i n   t h e   t e x t :   f i r s t   i n   r e c o u n t i n g  t h e   f a r m e r s '   custom o f   s m u g g l i n g   i n   1 7 9 4   ( 3 4 ) ，  s e c o n d   t h e   a g r i c u l t u r a l   p e o p l e ' s   i n n o c e n t   s i m p l i c i t y  a l s o  i n   1 7 9 4  ( 7 4 ) ，  and t h i r d  P h i l i p '  s  humble a m b i t i o n  a s  a 

shop~eeper i n   1 7 9 8  ( 3 5 8 ) .   Her c a l c u l a t i o n   c o r r e s p o n d s   t o   t h e   p e r i o d  

The Revised Chronology for Sylvia's Lovers ¹²³

of Gaskell's writing Sylvia's Lovers —horn 8 April 1860 (Letters 910) to January 1863 (Uglow, Elizabeth Gaskell 504; Letters 700).

3. Characters' Birthdays

The narrator confesses she believes Sylvia is "not more than seventeen," or sixteen, at the stage of October 1793 (13). Counting backwards, we can guess the date of her birth should be between November 1776 and October 1777 (Premise 1). On the other hand, Sylvia acknowledges she is "not one-and-twenty yet" (403) —i.e.

twenty —in April 1798; hence, her date of birth can be inferred as one day between May 1777 to April 1778 (Premise 2). Furthermore, in the

"summer," i.e. from June to August, of 1799 (434), Sylvia is twenty-two, since Molly, "two years older than" she, is "four-and-twenty" (440).

Her date of birth, accordingly, falls on one day between September 1776 to June 1777 (Premise 3). From these three premises, it can be assumed that Sylvia's birthday is probably between May and June of

1777.

At her summer visit to Sylvia in 1799, Molly tells her old friend that she will be "six-and-twenty" in "seven" years after her husband's disappearance (440). Molly's counting is in exact corre spondence with our chronology. Seven years after Philip's vanishing of April 1798 takes us to April 1805, when Sylvia is twenty-six, as her supposed birthday is in May or June of 1777.

Year 1776 1777 1778

Month 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 Premise 1

Premise 2 Premise 3

Figure 2: Sylvia's Date of Birth

1 2 4   Ta  t s u h i r o  OHNO 

S i n c e  P h i l i p 包 n o tt h r e e ‑ a n d ‑ t w e n t y "   ( 1 7 1 ) ，  o r  t w e n t y ‑ t w o ，  o n   1  J a n u a r y  1 7 9 6 ，  h i s   b i r t h d a y  i s   o n e  d a y  b e t w e e n  F e b r u a r y '  1 7 7 3   a n d   J a n u a r y  1 7 7 4 .  On t h i s   a c c o u n t ，  h e  i s   t h r e e  o r  f o u r   y e a r s   o l d e r   t h a n   S y l v i a .  He h a s  b e e n  a p p r e n t i c e d  t o  t h e  F o s t e r s  s i n c e  p r o b a b l y  1 7 8 8 ，  a s  

" h e  was f i f t e e n "   ( 4 1 3 )   when h e  b e g a n   h i s   a p p r e n t i c e s h i p .  

No c l u e  t o  H e s t e r  R o s e ' s  b i r t h d a y  i s   g i v e n  i n   t h e  t e x t .  T h e  o n l y   i n f o r m a t i o n  a b o u t  i t   i s   t h a t  s h e   i s   a c o u p l e   o f  months o l d e r   t h a n   W i l l i a m  C o u l s o n  ( 2 4 1 ，  2 4 3 ) ，  who i s   y o u n g e r  t h a n  P h i l i p   ( 1 7 1 )  . 

D a n i e l ' s  remark o n  2 5   F e b r u a r y  1 7 9 6   t h a t   h e   w i l l   b e   s i x t y   t w o "  on t h e  c o m i n g   M a r t i n m a s "   ( 2 7 9 )   r e v e a l s  t h a t  h i s   b i r t h d a y  i s   1 1  November 1 7 3 4 .  He i s   e x e c u t e d  i n   Ma r c h  o f  t h e  same y e a r ，  s o  d i e s   a t  t h e  a g e  o f  s i x t y  o n e .  

B e l l a ' s   b i r t h d a y   c o m e s  b e t w e e n  A p r i l   1 7 9 7   ( t e n   m o n . t h s   a f t e r   t h e  w e d d i n g  o f  P h i l i p  and S y l v i a  o n  4  J u l y  1 7 9 6 )  a n d  p r e s u m a b l y  A u g u s t   o f  t h e  same y e a r  ( e i g h t  m o n t h s  b e f o r e   A p r i l   1 7 9 8 ，  when s h e   i s   o l d   e n o u g h  ωbe c a r r i e d  o u t  f o r  a  l o n g  w a l k  [ 3 6 3

・

6 4 ]) .   T h i s  s u r m i s e  t a l

・

l i e s   w i t h  t h e  n a r r a t o r ' s  r e m a r k  t h a t  B e l l a  i s   " t h r e e  y e a r s  o l d "   i n   t h e   summer o f  1 8 0 0  ( 4 8 4 ) .  

I n   F e b r u a r y  o r  March 1 7 9 6 ，  K e s t e r  c o n f e s s e s   h e 包 f ぜ ' t ya n d   more"  ( 3 0 7 ) .  H i s  d a t e  o f  b i r t h ，  e r g o ，  c a n  b e  s u r m i s e d  a s   s o m e t i m e   b e f o r e  F e b r u a r y  1 7 4 6 .  

4 .   C o n t r a d i c t i o n s  

E v e n  t h o u g h  t h e  c h r o n o l o g y  h a s  b e e n  c r e a t e d  a s   a c c u r a t e l y   a s   p o s s i b l e ，  some d i s c r e p a n c i e s   b e t w e e n  t h e   n a r r a t o r ' s   c a l c u l a t i o n   and  m i n e  s t i l l   r e m a i n   u n s o l v e d .   I n   t h i s   s e c t i o n ，  s u c h   e x a m p l e s   w i l l   b e   c i t e d .  

The  g o s s i p   i n   t h e   s h o p   r e v e a l s   t h a t   t h e   s e r i e s   o f   e v e n t s ‑

C h a r l e y ' s   a p p e a r a n c e   b e f o r e   S y l v i a ，  P h i l i p ' s   s u d d e n   d e p a r t u r e ，  a n d  

B e l l ' s   d e a t h  ‑t o o k   p l a c e   o n   a " W e d n e s d a y "   ( 3 9 9 )   i n   A p r i l   1 7 9 8 ， 

T h e  R e v i s e d  C h r o n o l o g y  f o r   ^{S y l v i} α ^{' 8  LOVer8  1 2 5}   w h e r e a s  t h e  c o n v e r s a t i o n  b e t w e e n  S y l v i a  a n d  K e s t e r  t h a t  t h e y  d i d  on  a " ' T u e s d a y "   ( 4 0 2 ，  4 0 3 ) .   One d a y  a b o u t   " t h r e e   w e e k s   a f t e r "   ( 4 0 5 )   B e l l ' s   d e a t h  a n d  P h i l i p ' s   d i s a p p e a r a n c e ，  S y l v i a  c o n f e s s e s   t o   J e r e m i a h   F o s t e r  t h a t  C h a r l e y  made h i s   a p p e a r a n c e l a s t  T u e s d a y  t h r e e  w e e k s "  

( 4 1 0 ) .  On t h e  same p a g e ，  s h e  r e p e a 旬 C h a r l e ycame home o n   a  T u e s ‑ day m o r n i n g ，  t h r e e  w e e k s  a g o . "  

I n   d e p i c t i n g  M o l l y '  B r u n t o n ' s  v i s i t  t o   S y l v i a   i n   t h e   summer o f   1 7 9 9 ，  t h e  n a r r a t o r  o b s e r v e s  t h a t  i t   i s f o u r  y e a r s  a n d  m o r e "  s i n c e  t h e   o l d  f r i e n d s  met ( 4 3 5 ) .  I f   s h e  i s   c o r r e c t ，  t h e i r  l a s t  m e e t i n g  t u r n s   o u t   ぬ h a v eo c c u r r e d  i n   t h e  summer o f  1 7 9 5  o r  b e f o r e .  A c t u a l l y ，  h o w e v e r ， 

t h e y  met a t  t h e  y e a r ‑ e n d  p a r t y  o f  t h a t  y e a r  i n   Moss B r o w .  

C l a r i n d a  K i n r a i d ，  C h a r l e y ' s   w i f e ，  p a y s  an u n e x p e c t e d   c a l l   o n   S y l v i a   i n   autumn  1 7 9 9 ，  a n d   s a y s   s h e   h a s   h e a r d   from  Mr s B e s s y   Dawson ，  n e e   C o r n e y ，  t h a t  S y l v i a ' s   h u s b a n d  w e n t  awaysuddenly  " a   y e a r  a g o "   ( 4 4 7 ) .  To b e  more p r e c i s e ，  h e   d i d   o n e  a n d  a h a l f  y e a r s   ago ， "   s i n c e  t h e  d a t e  o f  h i s   d i s a p p e a r a n c e  i s   A p r i l  1 7 9 8 .  

As t h e i r  w e d d i n g  d a y  i s   4  J u l y   1 7 9 6 ，  S y l v i a   h a s  b e e n  m a r r i e d   t o  P h i l i p  a l m o s t  f o u r  y e a r s  a t  t h e  t i m e  o f  t h e i r  f i n a l  r e u n i o n  i n   e a r l y   o r   mid J u n e  o f   1 8 0 0 ，  when t h e n a r r a t o r  s t a t e s   t h e   p e r i o d   o f  t h e i r   m a r r i e d  l i f e   i s e i g h t e e n  m o n t h s "   ( 4 8 9 ) .  E v e n  . i f s h e  means i t   i s   from  t h e i r   w e d d i n g   t o   P h i l i p ' s   d i s a p p e a r a n c e   ( A p r i l   1 7 9 8 ) ，  s h e   i s   s t i l l   w r o n g .  For ，  t h e  p e r i o d  i s   a p p r o x i m a t e l y  t w e n t y ‑ t w o  m o n t h s .  

An d y e t ，  a s   F o s t e r   i n s i s t s ，  t h e s e   i n c o n s i s t e n c i e s   a r e   " m i n o r  

m i s t a k e s "   ( I n t r o d u c t i o n  x i i ) .   F u r t h e r  i n v e s t i g a t i o n 泊ぬ t h es t r u c t u r e  

o f   t h e   n o v e l   d i s p l a y s   a r e m a r k a b l e   d e g r e e   o f   u n i t y ，  i t s   v a r i o u s  

s t r a n d s  s k i l f u l l y   i n t e r w o v e n  w i t h i n   a n   o v e r a l l   f r a m e w o r k "   ( F o s t e r ， 

I n t r o d u c t i o n  x i i ‑ x i l i ) . 6  

The Comprehensive Chronology of Sylvia's Lovers

l r ^{referred 1} non-appearance j |X| dead ~|

B: Moss Brow H; Haytersbank J: St Jean d'Acre I V: Monkshaven

u

ft

x:

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Time Inferred Scene Main Characters

Brief Summary of Each Scene

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Introductory remark

2

1-3 2.0 0.39 Description of Monkshaven

3 3-5 2.0 0.39 Description of moorland

4 5-8

3.0

0.58 Dread of the press-Rang

5 8-9 1.0 0.19 Jealousy for Monkshaven whalers

6

9-10 1.5 0.29 Popularity of the navy officers

2 10 (10)

Wednesday (15) or Thurs

day (50, 51, 53,60)

7 10-11 1.5 0.29 Molly and Sylvia to Monkshaven

8 11-13 2.0 0.39 Molly and Sylvia at the Dee

9 13-14 0.5 0.1 Ready to enter Monkshaven

10 U 1.0 0.19

4

s

Molly finds the first whaler.

11 14-15 0.5 0.1 Molly and Sylvia reach the market.

12 15 0.5 0.1 The empty market-place

13 15-16 0.5 0.1 at the lame man's shop

14 16-18 2.0 0.39

.;

Molly and Sylvia at the staithes

15 IS 0.5 0.1 Their return to the market-place

16 18-19 1.0 0.19 The crowd in hushed suspense

17 19-20 0.5 0.1 Some girls and old sailors

IS 20 0.5 0.1

•

The market is over.

19 20 0.5 0.1 The lame man's joke

20 21 1.0 0.19 :••:•

. .

appearance of Charley's name

3

21 22-23 1.0 0.19 Forster's shop

22 23-24 1.0 0.19 Foster brothers* plan

23 24-25 1.0 0.19 *

^'

Hester serves Sylvia.

i-3 p e

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Brief Summary

3

0>

10

(37) Thursday

24 25 1.0 0.19

X

.

Philip serves Sylvia.

25 25-27 1.5 0.29 Hester and Philip serve Sylvia.

26 27-28 1.0 0.19 "Newcastle Bess"

27 28 0.5 0.1 Molly comes into the shop.

28 28-30 1.5 0.29 The Resolution crew impressed.

29 30-3] 1.0 0.19 Sylvia bursts into tears.

30 31 0.5 0.1 Philip comes into the parlour.

31 31 0.5 0.1 John Foster comes into the parlour.

32 31-32 0.5 0 1 John's talk with Philip

33 32 1.0 0.19 The shop-boys have been out.

34 32-33 0.5 0.1 John's hospitality

35 33 0.5 0.1 Sylvia's farewell wins John's heart.

4

36 34 1.0 0.19

^•

Topography and smugglers

37 34-35 1.0 0.19

1'

Daniel Robson's farmhouse

38 35-36 1.0 0.19 Introduction of Bell Robson

39 36 1.0 0.19 :••• Daniel waiting for Sylvia's return

40 36-37 0.5 0.1 Philip's voice heard

J]

37 0.5 0.1 Sylvia's return home

42 37-41 4.0 0.78 D and P talk on the press-gang.

43 41-42 1.0 0.19 Philip watches Sylvia spinning.

44 42-44 1.5 0.29

^•

.•.••j Talk on cloak and smucgling

45 44 0.5 0.1 Daniel intoxicated

46 44 0.5 0.1 Philip leaves Haytersbank.

5 11

(47)

Next Monday (45, 46, 49)

47 • 45-46 2.0 0.39 Daniel becomes ill-tempered.

48 46-47 0,5 0.1 Sylvia looks for Kester.

49 47-48 1.0 0.19 ••••j Sylvia's request

50 48 0.5 0.1 Kester's kindness

Tuesday(48)

51 48-49 0.5 0.1 Sylvia sees Donkin coming.

52 49-50 1.5 0.29 Donkin welcomed

53 50-56 6.0 1.17 Donkin's story of the press-gang

54 56 0.5 0 1 Sylvia's wish to see Molly

6 ^{55 57 1.0 0.19}

»

Merits /demerits of the Corneys

56 57-58 0.5 0.1 i Mrs Corney welcomes Sylvia.

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11 85)

The same day

as above

57 58 0.5 0.1

•

•.

The Comeys' orchard

58 58-61 2.5 0.49 •':••'• Sylvia asks Molly about Charley.

59 61 0.5 0.1

3=

Sylvia feels Bell's love for her.

60 61-62 0.5 0.1 Sylvia's talk with Daniel/Donkin

61 62-63 1.0

0.19

Sylvia thanks Kester for his help.

Sunday

62 63 0.5 0.1 Daniel becomes better.

63 63-64 1.0 0.19 St Nicholas commands the sea.

64 64-65 1.0 0.19 :'•:•• .••• People gathering at the church

65

65-66

0.5 0.1 Inside the church

66

66-6 7

0.5 0.1

^.

Dr Wilson, the vicar

67 67-68 1.5 0.29 Dr Wilson's dilemma and sermon

68 68-69 1.0 0.19 People waiting for the coffin

69

69 1.0 0.19 The arrival of the coffin

70 69-70 0.5 0.1 Sylvia and Molly at the churchyard

71

70

0.5 0.1 Charley Kinraid appears.

72 70-71 0.5 0.1 During the funeral service

73 71-72 1.0 0.19 Sylvia's first talk with Charley

7

74 72-74 1.5 0.29

O

Philip takes the two girls home.

75 74 0.5 0.1 Their encounter with Hester

76 74 0.5 0.1 j. Little analysis of motive

77 74-75

0.5

0.! Hester passes the three.

78 75-76 1.0 0.19 Sylvia's wish to be good

79 76-78 2.0 0.39 Tete-a-tete

SO 78 0.5 0.1

X

Bell's prayer

81 78-79 0.5 0.1 Bell welcomes Sylvia and Philip.

82 79 1.0 0.19

1

The other trio

S3 79-82 3.0 0.58

Y~ William writing Alice's will

84 82-83 1.0 0,19 Hester enters her house.

85 83-84 1.5 0.29 Supper at the Alices's house

86 84 0.5 0.1 Philip's late return home

8

A fortnight (85) ^{B7 85 1.0 0.19} Dairy work in November

One day after 11 (89)

88 85-86 1.0 0.19

X Bell's suggestion about sausages

89 86-87 1.0 0.19 Dr.niel is ready for departure.

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8

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ON

11 (89)

3

The same day as above

90 87 0.5 0.1 .•;. On the way to Moss Brow

91 88 1.0 0.19

„

Mrs Corney's warm welcome

92 88-89 1.0 0.19 Appreciation for sausages

93 89-91 1.5 0.29 Daniel's invitation of Charley

94 91 0.5 0.1 Talk between Sylvia and Molly

95 91 0.5 0.1 Silent walking from Moss Brow

96 91-92 0.5 0.1

•£

. . .

Sylvia misses Philip's lesson

Next day (92)

97 92-94 2.5

0.-19

\

^•

Philip's spelling lesson for Sylvia

98 94-95 0.5 0.1 Return of Daniel and Kester

99 95 1.0 0.19 •'-!;' P reads newspaper for Daniel.

100 95-96 0.5 0.1 V

•

Daniel's joke destroys the evening.

9

A few days later (96)

101 96-97 0.5 0,1 Busy with household, works

102 97 0.5 0.1

. . . . .

Sylvia and Bell knitting

103 97-98 1 0 0 19 Daniel brings-Kinraid: home. :

104 98-99 1.0 0.19 Talks on smuggling

105 99-10! 2.0 0.39 Charley's tale of whale and iceberg

106 101 1.0

0.19

Daniel's tale of being in water

107 101-03 1.5 0.29

.- .

Kinraid's tale of fire in the Hell

I0S 103-05 2.0 0.39 Daniel's tale of riding on a whale

109 105-06 1.0 0.19

^{' ••}

Bell's sudden dismissal of Charley

no 106 0.5 0.1 Sylvia dreaming of volcanoes

Next day (106) ^{in 106 1.0}

^0.19

Sylvia full of Kinraid's stories.

10

A few days later (106)

113 107-08 1.0 0.19 Refractory Sylvia in lessons

113 108 1.0 0.19 Sylvia shows interest in geography.

114 109 0,5 0.1 Sylvia docile in learning geographv

115 109-12 2.5 0.49 ::Ghariey is warrnlv welcomed-:.-.•':.•:.-;.'

116 112-13 t.O 0.19 Angry Philip leaves Haytersbank.

A few days later 117 113-14 1.0 0.19 Daniel neglects Charley's message.

118 114 1.0 0 ! 9 Philip's regular visits

One day (114) ^{119 114-16 2.0 0.39} Molly's engagement to Mr Brunton

120 116-17 0,5 0.1 Bell's scorn for Molly

11 5 (H7) ^{121 117 0.5 0.1} Molly's wedding

Summer (117) ^{122 117-18 0.5 0,1} Sylvia becomes prettier.

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Brief Summary

11

ON

Sum

mer

(123)

One day (118) ^{123 IIS 1.0 0.19}

>

: Bright Sylvia and colourless Hester

124 118-19 0.5 0.1 Sylvia petulant

125 119-21 2.0 0.39 • pf" Hester's love for Philip

126 121-23 2.5 0.49

•

:

Bell's anxieties on Sylvia

11

12

Sunday 2(123)

127 123-25 2.5 0.49 i i Philip as Sylvia's brother

12S 126-27 2.0 0.39 i Daniel brings Ned Simpson home.

129 128-29 1.0 0.19 ! Philip's rare and constant love

130 129-30 1.0 0.19

^.

Philip's vision of the future

12

131 130 0.5 0.1

X j Sylvia nurses rheumatic Bell

One evening (!30) 132 130-33 2.5 0.49 Invitation to the New Year party

133 133-34 0.5 0.1 > P's futile efforts to win S's love

30(134) ^{134 134 1.0 0.19}

=

| Ribbon: Philip's present for Sylvia

31

135 134-35 0.5 0.1

*

/

Sylvia's promise to Bell

136 135-38 4.0 0.78 Sylvia's help of laying out supper

137 138-39 1.0 0.19 Mr Corney as Sylvia's shelter

133 139-40 0.5 0.1

^.

Two pairs of eyes

139 140-41 1.5 0.29 Nancy Pratt talks to Philip.

140 141-42 0.5 0.1 Sylvia spills her tea over her gown.

141 142-43 1.0 0.19 1 Talk between Sylvia and Charley

142 143 0,5 0.1 . ; . • Sylvia helps clearing tea things.

143 143-45 1.5 0 29

•

The party proceeds.

144 145-46 1.0 0.19 The forfeits game

145 146 0.5 0.1 Different understandings of Sylvia

146 146-47 1.0 0.19

^:....

Sylvia's 15 minutes absence

147 147-48 1.0 0.19 Mrs Corney hastens supper.

148 148-49

1 0

0.19 •!::. Philip watches Sylvia and Charley.

149 149 1.0 0.19 Philip at supper

150 150-51 1.5 0.29 Sylvia and Charley at supper

151 151 0.5 0.1 ..:• Sylvia is ready for returning home.

152 151-53 1.5 0.29

^{. . . , • •}

Daniel's appearance

153 153 0.5 0.1 After the Robsons' disappearance

154 153-54 1.0 0.19 Philip trudges home.

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Brief Summary

12

ON

1 1

155 154 0.5 0.1 • Hester's New Year greeting to P

13

156 155 1.0 0.19 Coulson's warning to Philip

157 156 0.5 0.1

•

Philip's sleepless night

158 156-57 1.5 0,29 Preparation for breakfast

159 157-58 0.5 0.1 Reason for Alice's displeasure

160 158-59 1.5 0.29 Philip absent-minded at shop

161 159-60 0.5 0.1 Present for Hester

162 I60-'61 1.0 0.19 determination on enduring love

163 161-62 1.0 0.19 Alice's rebuke to Philip

164 162 0.5 0.1 :•• Alice's prayer

165 162-63 1.0 0.19 Alice's warning to Philip

166 163-64 1.0 0.19 Philip's planned visit to S halted

167 164-65 1.5 0.29

^•

Charley's shopping at P's shop

14

168 165-66 0.5 0.1 Philip's hesitation fades away.

[69 166 0.5 0.1 On the bridge

170 166-67 0.5 0.1 Jeremiah's house is spotless clean.

171 167 0.5 0.1 ;'J ' Supper with John and Jeremiah

172 167-69 1.5

0.29

:-;;L Postprandial conversation: politics

173 169-74

5.0 0.97

-\. \ • Contract of transferring ownership

174 174-75 1.0

0.19

". :•, J The Fosters' request for secrecy

175 175 0.5 0.1 :" The Fosters' request about Hester

15

176 176-77 1.0 0.19 P's vehement gratitude to God

177 177 0.5 0.1 C parts from Molly and Bessy.

178 177 0.5 0.1

X

C hears voices from the shippen.

179 177-78 1.0 0.19 Talk between Kester and Sylvia

ISO 178-82 3.5 0.68 Talk in the shippen

181 182 1.0 0.19 S carries the milk-pails to the dairy.

1S2 183-84 2.0 0.39 Talk in the dairy

183 1B4-85 0.5 0.1

^'

Bell calls Sylvia.

184 IS5 0.5 0.1 C is no great favourite with Bell.

185 185-86 1,0 0.19

•

C's question unanswered

186 186-87 0.5 0.1

^•

The forbidden was already tasted.

187 187-88 1.5 0.29 Nancy Hartley's story as caution

16 2 ^{188 18S-S9 0.5 0.1} Sylvia's thought centred on Charley

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Brief Summary

16 2

189 ]B9 0.5 0.1

^>

Philip is busy with business.

190 189-90 0.5 0.1

X Sylvia is always quiet and gentle.

191 190 0.5 O.I Bell's change of air

3 (180,

190)

5 (229, 230)

192 190-91 0.5 0.1

>

Busy season; war time

193 191 0.5 0.1 Some perplexity for the Fosters

Monday (193), before 9 (197)

194 191-92 0.5 0.1 Charley bought the pink ribbon.

195 192-93 1.0 0.19

•

Annie forsaken by Charley

196 193-97 4.5 0.87

X Sylvia accepts Charley's proposal.1

197 197-98 1.5 0,29 Daniel's consent to engagement :

17 Tuesday (199)

198 198-99 1.0 0.19

>

The London letter arrives

199 199-201 2.0 0.39 Mission to London

200 201-02 1.0 0.19 Mission is a burden for Philip

201 202-04 1.5 0.29

T '-•'•' 1 P's talk about the intended journey

202 204 0.5 0.1 Hester's indignation

203 204-05 1.0 0.19

1

X

Philip meets Daniel and Charley.

204 205-07 1.5 0.29 Talk among P, D, and C

205 207-08 1.0 0.19 Daniel's request for Philip

206 208-11 3.0 0.58 Philip's warning rejected

207 211 0.5 0.1 Philip leaves the house.

208 211-12 0.5 0.1 Sylvia's "Good-by"

18 Wednesday

(194)

209 212-13 1.0 0.19

.-:

0

Philip leaves for Hartlepool.

210 213-14 1.0 0.19 At Haytersbank gully

211 214-15 1.0 0.19

•,

Philip notices the ambush.

212 215-18 2.5 0.49

^•

Charley attacked by the press-gang

213 218-21 3.0 Q.5B Charley's final message

214 221-22 1.5 0.29 Giiailey carried away by the RanR :

19

215 223 0.5 0.1 Philip in Hartlepool

Thursday ^{216 223-25 2.0 0.39} Philip in Newcastle

Friday ^{217 125 0.5 0.1} Philip leaves Newcastle for London

218 225-28 3.0 0.58 Philip in London

One day (229) ^{219 228-29 0.5 0.1 >} Philip's return to Monkshaven

220 229 1.0 0 13 .:'. P spends the night with the Roses.

20 Next day ^{221 230-31 1.0 0.19} P's decision about his secret.

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Brief Summary

20

ON

5

sum mer

(240, 246)

The same day as above

222 231 I.a 0.19

X

;.: •' S looking over the sea in the garden

223 231-33 2.0 0.39 •'"'•! Bell's talk about Charley's death

224 233-34 0.5 0.1

^•

Sylvia's entrance

225 234 0.5 0.1

" ~

• 1 Bell: "it's a' fort' best"

226 234-35 1.5 0.29

^{••••:}

Daniel's view of Charley's fate

Next mar ket-day

227 235 0.5 0.1 > Daniel hears about P's promotion

228 235-36 1.0 0.19

»

Daniel urges secrecy upon Sylvia.

229 236-37 1.0 0.19 Philip's promotion talked about

230 237-38 0.5 0.1 Sylvia's love is also enduring.

21

One day ^{231 238-39 1.0 0.19}

1

The Fosters' plan rejected by Alice

232 239-40 1.5 0.29 Alice's past: loved by two men

233 240-41 1.0 0.19

^•

Coulson rejected by Hester

Sunday (242) ²³⁴ 241-44 3.0 0.58 Philip asks Alice to help Coulson.

235 244 0.5 0.1 Coulson marries within this year.

22

236 245-47 2,5 0.49

=

Daniel's change of feeling

autumn

237 247-48 0.5 0.1

•

•••. "seven years, seven more years"

11 ^{23S 249-50 2.5 0.49}

^.

Fear of press-gang attacks

win (251, ter

254)

239 250-51 1.5 0.29 > Philip's guilty conscience

One evening ^{240 251-53 1.0 0.19}

=

Bell asks P not to talk about gangs.

241 253 0.5 0.1

.

Daniel possessed with press-gangs

23

ON

r-

242 253-55 1.5 0.29

s

The rendezvous in Monkshaven

243 255 0.5 0.1 Any explosion may take place.

2

Saturday 23 (255)

244 255 57 2.0 0.39 The fire-bell as a decoy

245 257 58 2.0 0,39

_''

Daniel's rescue project

246 25E 61 3.5 0,68 The assault oh the rendezvous

247 262 63 1.3 0.25 ;v Daniel's kindness to Simpson

248 263 64 1.0 0.19 Daniel thanked on his way home

24

249

26.1 67

2.5 0.49 Waiting for Daniel's late return

250 267 69 1.5 0.29

.

Daniel's return home Sunday 24

(269)

251 269 0.5 0.1 Late breakfast

252 269 0.5 0.1 Daniel tells Kester his retaliation

1-3 cr CD

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Brief Summary

24

no

ON

r-

2 (282)

3

Sunday 24

253 269-70 0.5 0.1

| s

/

X

Daniel wanders about the fields.

254 270 1.0 0.19 j S's unconscious dependence on P

255 270-75 4.0 0.78 Philip's response to Daniel's story

256

275 1.0 0.19 •: S • 1 Kester sleeps in the house.

25

Monday 25

257 276-77 1.5 0.29

¥ r j 'I Anxious morning

258 277-78 1.0 0.19 '-•'< J- (:. Philip rushes in.

259 278-79 1.0 0.19 t| | !. The constables find Daniel.

260 279-81 1.5 0.29 Daniel's farewell to Bell and Sylvia

261 2S1-S2 1.5 0.29 Philip leaves Haytersbank.

262 282-83 1.0 0.19 ' "I- , Bell and Sylvia in agony

2S3 283-84 1.0 0.19 Philip as a brave true friend

264 284-87 3 5 0.6S Seeking advice from Mr Donkin

265 287-88 0.5 0.1 Philip visits Mr Dawson.

266 288 0.5 0.1 Philip books a tax-cart.

267 288-89 0.5 0.1 Philip returns to the shop.

268 289-91 3.0 0.5S Philip's request for Hester

26

269 291-92 0.5 0.1 Hester's hot tears

270 292-96 4.0 0.78 Hester fetches Bell and Sylvia.

271 296-97 0.5 0.1

1

Hester's service unrecognized

272 297-98 1.0 0.19

•

Bell and Sylvia in Philip's house

273 298 0.5 0.1 • J j Philip's visit to Daniel

274 298-99 0.5 0.1 i i Philip's thought on futurity

275 299-303 4.0 0.78 Sylvia senses Daniel's destiny.

27

276 303-04 0.5 0.1

=

'•'!'-. Cost for saving Daniel

277 304-05 1.0 0.19 • r • Breach between Kester and Philip

One day (306) ^{278 305-07 2.5 0.49} Kester's scolding of Sylvia

279 307-08 0,5 0.1 * i |l Mr Donkin's report of Daniel

2B0 308-09 1.0 0.19 •'", I :• The York assizes drawing near

12(308) ^{281 309-10 1.0 0,19} F Philip's first letter to Sylvia

Sunday ^{282 310-11} 2.0 0.39 X

Sylvia tells Bell the peril.

Tuesday (312) ^{283 311-13 2.0 0.39 :'?'•} Waiting for Daniel's return

284 313-14 1.0 0.19 i

^"•

^{! :'} Philip brings bad news.

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Brief Summary

28

ON

4 (314,

315)

(325) 6

One day (314)

285 314-15 1.0 0.19

\

Dolly and Kester in preparation

286 315-16 0.5 0.1 Kester's recollection of farewell

287 316-17 0.5 0,1 Kester's dislike of Philip

283 317 0.5 0.1 Return of the three

2S9 317-18 0.5 0.1 !•• [• 1 Bell in hopeless childishness

290 318-20 2.5 0.49 i Sylvia's talk with Kester

291 320-21 0.5 0.1 _|_J_ Bell takes Kester for a stranger.

292 321 0.5 0.1 I,--! Sylvia comes to depend on Philip.

293 321-22 0.5 0.1 M Kester's humble learning

One day (322)

294 322-26 4.5

0 R7

• {?';:•! Sylvia's confession of engagement

29

295 326-29 3.0 0.58 N' Sylvia's hesitation

296 329-30 0.5 0.1 fes- The limit of P's influence on S

297 330-31 1.0 0.19 """! 1 Secluded life of Bell and Sylvia

One day (331) ^{298 331-34 3.5 0.68} Dick Simpson's fatal illness

299 334 0.5 0.1

.!

- —

Sylvia may be an apple of Sodom.

300 335-36 1.0 0.19 i Sylvia won't wear the silk gown.

301 336-37 1.0

0.19

\: ' The marriage day drawing near

One day (337) ^{302 337-39 2.0}

^{0.3 9}

>

^ Philip's requests for Hester

7 Thurs4(335) 303 339-40

1.5 0.2 9

The wedding day

30

304 341-43 3.0 0.58 ••!••• The first year of married life

Many weeks ^{305 343-44 0.5 0.1}

^{^}

i P invites Kester at Haytersbank.

One day ^{306 344-46 2.0 0.39}

| 1

f:; IV'-i Kester's visit to Sylvia

307 346 0.5 0.1 ~_\ i i'j Sylvia tells Philip of Kester's visit

308 346-47 0.5 0.1 | j: j ! Sylvia's affection for Hester

309 347 0.5 0.1 j i t ] Bell's liking of Hester

310 347-49 2.0 0.39 j i i.' 1 1 Sylvia attracts the Fosters.

311 349-50 1.0 0.19 i 1"1 1 i

^•

Sylvia's rambling

r*

ON

r-

47 ^{312 350-51} 1 0 0.19 1 !>•'': The birth of baby girl

One night ^{313 351-53 1.5 0.29} 1 i i 1 The baby is named as ''Bella."

31

One afternoon (353)

314 353-55 i.i 0.29 m ! P accuses S of dreaming C's return.

315 355-56 1.0 0.19 i H S is on the verge of a brain fever.

Weeks(356) ^{316 356 0.5 0.1} ! : : Philip forbidden to see Sylvia

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Brief Summary

31

32

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317 356-57 1.0 0.19

1

Sylvia recovered into reservation

318 357-58 1.0 0.19 Philip elected as a sidesman

319 358-59 0.5 0.1 Church-going is a burden for Sylvia

320 359-61 2.0 0.39 Sylvia takes Bella to the sea shore.

321 361 0.5 0.1 Philip dreams of Charley's return.

322 361 0.5 0.1 :. Philip prospers in business.

323 362-63 1.0 0.19 Sylvia looks attractive to Hester.

4

Monday (374, 415) or Tues day (363, 399)

324 363 1.0 0.19 Phoebe's talk to Bell

325 363-64 1.0 0.19

—

. . .

Philip in ill temper

326 365-66 2.0 0.39 Sylvia comes back from rambles.

327 366-68 1.0 0.19 "Our being wed a great mistake"

328 368 0.5 0.1 Sylvia in Bell's room and Bella's

329 368-69 1.0 0,19 Sylvia goes out for rambling.

330 369-72 2 5 0.49

.

Sylvia helps rescuing the smack.

331 372-73 1.0 0.19 Sylvia returns to her house.

33

332 373-74 1.0 0.19 Restless night for Sylvia and Bell

Tuesday (402, 403, 410)or

Wednesday (374, 399)

333 374-75 1.0 0.19 Balm for Bell

334 375-77 1.5

0.29

*

S collects balm at Haytersbank.

335 377 1.0 0.19 Sylvia's reunion with Charley

336 377-78 0.5 0.1 Charley follows the running Sylvia.

337 378-80 1.5

0 2!>

The truth revealed at last

338 380-83 3.5

0.»S

Charley, Sylvia, and Philip

34

339 383-84 0.5 0,1 Sylvia and Philip sundered for ever

340 384 0.5 0.1 Entrance of Phoebe and Coulson

341 384-86 2.0 0.39 P's resolution to leave Monkshaven

342 386 0.5 0.1 Philip has breakfast.

343 386-87 1 0 0,19 Faiewell to Bella, Bell, and Sylvia/.

344 387-88 0.5 0.1 Philip takes Sylvia's silhouette.

345 388-90 2.5 0.49 Philip walks on the moor and lost.

346 390-91 1.5 0.29 Philip's enlistment

Wed/Thurs ^{347 391-92 0.5 0.1} New life as Stephen Freeman

35 Previous day,

or Tues/Wed

348 392-93 1.5 0.29

>

Bell is dying.

349 393-95 1.0 0.19 Dr Morgan's examination

350 395-96 1.0 0.19 Dr Morgan's inquiry

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Brief Summary

35

s

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4

Same day as above

351 396 0.5 0.1

|

• • .

Philip is searched for.

352 396-97 0.5 0.1 X The death of Bell

353 397 1.0 0.19 Morgan tells S P's disappearance.

354 397-98 0.5 0.1 Dr Morgan leaves the house.

355 398-99 1.0 0.19 Talk between Phoebe and Hester

Wed/Thurs ^{356 3S9--100 1.0 0.19} Gossip radiates from the shop.

Thurs/Fri (400)

357 •100 0.5 0.1 ;• Bell's funeral

36

358 401-02 2.0 0.39 Kester's visit

359 402-05 2.5 0.-19 Kester's information of Charley

5

One day after three weeks

(405)

360 405-06 1.0 0.19 Hester receives Philip's letter.

361 406-07 1.0 0.19 Sylvia visiting Jeremiah

362 407 0.5

0.1

Public opinion of Sylvia

363 407-08 0.5 0.1 Sylvia arrives at Jeremiah's house.

364 408-14 4.5 0.87

-

Sylvia's interview with Jeremiah

365 414 0,5 0 1 Sylvia returning home

37

366 414-15 0.5 0.1 Alice is slowly failing.

Next day (415)

367 415 1.0 0.19 Hester's visit to Jeremiah

368 415-16 1.0 0.19 Jeremiah's plan

369 416-17 0.5 0.1 Sylvia's acceptance

370 417 0.5 0.1 Hester's rebellion

11

371 417-18 1.0 0.19 Bella is loved by all.

372 418-19

! 0

0.19 Sylvia's wish for the Bible

After 11 (420) ^{373 419-20 1.0 0.19} Sylvia's inquiry about Charley

12

One day before 25(420)

374 420-21 0.5 0.1 Irish poplin dress

375 421 1.0 0.19 The Bible for Sylvia and Hester

Next day (421) ^{376 421-22 0.5 0.1} The Bible lesson started.

377 422-23 1,0 0.19 Sylvia's two labours

spring ^{378 423 0.5 0 1} Hester's walk with Sylvia and Bella

5 7(423, 424)

379 423-24 0.5 0.1 Hester's headache

38

380 424-26 2.0 0 39

<

5

Topography of St Jean d'Acre

381 426-29 3.0 0.58 The combat at Acre

382 429-31 1.5 0.29 Charley is shot by the French army.

383 431 0.5 0.1 Charley is rescued by the marine.

Several days later 384 431-34 2.5 0.49 Charley's search for Philip