By Takao SATO (Nagasaki University)
(Manuscript received Nov. 30, 1968.)
Introduction
The equations of motion of a particle of mass in a system of three Cartesian coordinates are well familiar to us with its origin situating at the earth's center or on its surface.
The equations of motion of air and that of continunity of a fluid in the above defined coordinate system can be most readily derived by considering
the pressure of fluid.
The author has contrived a simple and convenient method of expressing the corresponding form of equations referred to the spherical polar‑and cyli‑
ndrical coordinates with the preceding origin.
Now, take axes x, y and z at p, at the earth's surbace the axis of x be:ng horizontal, and directed towards South, the axis of y being horizontal and directed towards East, and the axis of z being vertical. The directions of these axes are changing with the motion of p. Let u, v, w be component velocities along these three axes, x, y, z be the component of external force, p, p be respectively the pressure and density of the air and co and <p be the angular velocity of the earth's rotation and latitude of P. Then the equations of motion of air are as follows.
窓‑2o)vsinp‑X一志各号(。
窓+2 0)(usi岬+wcos(p^)‑Y‑‡昔号(2)
雷‑2o)vcoscp‑Z一g言霊(5)
The relations between the Cartesian and cylindrical polar coordinates are x‑rcosθ y‑rsinθ 2‑2, t‑t,
Let γ 」, wbe thecomponent velocities ofr, θ andz directions then we
have
88 Takao SATO
o u stn e o u 6u
r ucos6+vsln6, u= Tcos6 sln6, Ox r 6 O o r coso
6u Ou
vcos6‑usino, v rsln6+ cos6, o y sln6 o r+cose 6u . r 60
Hence we have
u +vOu =TOu+Ji6u 6u (6) 6y+w or r 66+w6z 6u 6z
In the same way
u xv+v6v av+ Ov+wav (7) 6y =ror T 66 6z +w oz Ov
and
6 op̲ 6 p sin 6
6 t = o t cos6 6 O ' Ox cos6 o r r
,
O cos o sin 6 O p + cos o
e t ==6 t sln6 + 6 6 6t ' oy 6p̲ Or r
Let F. , Fo, F. , be the component of external force along r, 6, z, so
X=Fr cos 6 ‑Fe sin 6 , 1
Y=Fr sin 6 +Fe cos 6 , ( 9 )
Then equation ( I ) can be transformed to (10) using relation
d 6 +u O 6
dt =6 t 6 x+v oOy+w6 z
6r 6r 0 , r6r 6
O t cos 6 o r cos 6 6 r sin 6 l+T O 6 cos 6 ‑ Tstn6
sln o cos o ) + w (
‑ in 6 / 2 o'sin(p( r sin o +
6 O z cos 6 6 z
e cos6)=F.cos 6 ‑Fcsin6 ‑1 o p. cos6 ‑ o p sin6 (10) p u;b. ( 06 r )
In the same way equation ( 2 ) will become
6r O (a r l6 r 0 )
6 tsin6 + 6 t cos6 + r 6 rsin6 + o rcos6 +T O 6 6sin+ rcos6 +
6 6 stn+ 6 cos 6 ‑ sin o ) + w ( 6T ' cos 6 )+ 2 a'( T cos 6 sin p ‑‑ sin 6
Oz
1/0p . cos6 6p
sin (p + wcos (p )=F. ,sin 6 +Fe cos 6 ‑T l r stn 6 + r 6 6 (11) By (10) xcos6+ (11) xsin6, we have
o r 6 T + ( O 6 +w O r 2 Q, sln(p + 2 a' wcos(psln6 =Fr it+ror or / Oz
1 6p
And by (11) xsin6 ‑(10) xcos6, we have
polar‑and cylindrical coordinate. 89
‑( 6 + r )
O + r 6 + +w 6 +2 co(Tstn(q+wcospcos6) F r 06
1 1 6p
Equation ( 5 ) can be directly transformed to
6w 6w+ 6w 6w + T * L ̲ 2 wcos (p ( T sin 6 + cos 6 )= F.‑ g ‑
Ot 6r r 66 6z +w 1 Op
‑ ‑ p oz 14)
Next we will proceed to the problem of transformation from the Cartesian to the spherical polar coordinates neglecting the deviating force due to the earth's rotation.
we have the relation in this case
(i 5)
x=r sin6cos(p, y=r sin6sin(p, z=r cos6
Let g, p. C be the component velocities along the directions of r, 6, p . Let us take three axes x', y' and z' along the above three directions, then we have the next relation between both systems (x , y , z) and (x', y', z')
x' y'
x sin 6 cos (p cos 6 cos p ‑ sin p (16)
y sin 6 sin (p cos 6 sin, p cos (p
cos p ‑sin e O
Hence we get
u sin 6 cos (p + v sin 6 sin (p + wcos o
v = u cos 6 cos (p + v cos 6 sin 'p ‑ wsin 6 (17) =‑
C = u sin p +cos (p !
Moreover
O(u,v,w) ̲ O(u,v,w) 6(u , v ,w) a 6 Or (x,y,z) 6(x,y,z)+ 6r +
O(u , v , w) 6 (p (18) a(p O(x,y,z)
In (18)
a 6 ̲ cos6 cos p o p ̲
O x sin 6 cos (p r sin 6 ' Ox r ' 6x
O 6 ̲ cos6sln(p
o y =sin6stn(p , ' oy y rsino (19)
o r sin6 O P = O 06̲̲
6 z cos o o z Oz
Eventually we have
6u = uOr+v6r+w 66 6e Ou Ou or au
u‑O x+ v 6 x+ v 6 y+w oy+w 6z Ox 6y 6 z ) r
90 Takao SATO
馨1)』1蓄+(偽・書拶+ω袈)9陽一ξ彩+傷+.、事.,馨影
(20)
And
趣一∂ξs♂%θ 。5ψ+∂η6。8θ6。8ψ一鍍3ガnψ 『 (21)
∂ψ ∂∫ ∂∫ ∂オ
In this way Euler s equation can be transformed as follows.
器(剛霧1( )+霧1(謬〜・)+ξ(9浮( )+霧1(切+1多
(∬2 ))+紹諺(一 )+継劣y )+霧1(納+ξ(ザ抽( ))+
グ31%θ(馨農(一 )+馨3(κプ)+馨5(躍2 )一ξ(y躍 )一η( )一ζ・
、,