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科学英語

(

物理

) 2004 Nov. 30

分教材

1. For a point charge q at position ~r

0

, the electric field at a point ~r is defined in MKSA to be E(~r) = ~ q

4π²

0

(~r ~r

0

)

|~r ~r

0

|

3

, where ²

0

is a fundamental constant called the permittivity of vacuum.

位置

~r

0 に点電荷

q

があるとき,位置

~r

での電場は

MKSA

系では以下のように与えられる

E(~r) = ~ q

4π²

0

~r ~r

0

|~r ~r

0

|

3

,

ここで

²

0 は真空の誘電率とよばれる基本定数である.

2. For a static electric field E, the electric field is defined in terms of the electric potential ~ φ by E ~ = −∇φ, where is the gradient.

静電場の場合,電場

E ~

は電位ポテンシャル

φ

を用いて

E ~ = −∇φ

と表わされる.ここで

は勾 配である.

3. For a continuous distribution of charge ρ(~r

0

), the electric field at a point ~r is given by E ~ = 1

4π²

0

Z

(~r ~r

0

)

|~r ~r

0

|

3

ρ(~r

0

)d

3

~r

0

.

電荷の連続的な分布

ρ(~r

0

)

がある場合には,位置

~r

での電場は

E ~ = 1 4π²

0

Z

(~r ~r

0

)

|~r ~r

0

|

3

ρ(~r

0

)d

3

~r

0 なる.

4. In the presence of a time-varying field, the electric field is given by the differential form of one of the Maxwell equations, E ~ = −∇φ ∂ ~ A

∂t with A ~ is the vector potential.

場が時間とともに変化する場合,

Maxwell

方程式の微分形の一つから電場は,ベクトルポテンシャ

A ~

を用いて,

E ~ = −∇φ ∂ ~ A

∂t

で与えられる.

5. Magnetic fields, commonly denoted B ~ , are caused by currents, or equivalently by the movement of charges.

磁場は通常

B ~

と記され,電流,もしくは等価なことだが,電荷の移動によって生じる.

6. The fourth of the Maxwell equations gives ∇ × B ~ = µ

0

~j + ²

0

µ

0

∂ ~ E

∂t where µ

0

is the permeability of vacuum and ~j is the current density.

Maxwell

方程式の

4

番目は

∇ × B ~ = µ

0

~j + ²

0

µ

0

∂ ~ E

∂t

で与えられる.ここで

µ

0 は真空の透磁率,

~j

は電流密度である.

7. The absence of magnetic monopoles results in ∇ · B ~ = 0, which is the third of the Maxwell equations.

単磁極が存在しないことは

∇ · B ~ = 0

という式の成立を意味し, これは

Maxwell

方程式の

3

番目 である.

8. The magnetic field due to a current of given configuration can be calculated directly from the Biot-Savart law as d ~ B = µ

0

Id~` × ~r

r

3

, where I is the current, d~` a differential length element, and

~r the position vector.

ある配位の電流による磁場は

Biot-Savart

の法則から直接計算できて

d ~ B = µ

0

Id~` × ~r

r

3 となる.

ここで

I

は電流,d~`は微小な線要素,~r は位置ベクトルである.

参照

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