］ 以下の文章を読んで設問に答えなさい。

英語Ｉ

年度冬学期期末試験問題 ２年理系

［

］ 以下の文章を読んで設問に答えなさい。

Despite all their surface diversity, most jokes and funny incidents have the following logical

structure: Typically you lead the listener along

(1)

a gardenpathofexpectation, slowly building

up tension. At the very end, you introduce an unexp ected twist and that entails a complete

reinterpretationof all thepreceding data, and moreover,it's criticalthat thenew interpretation,

throughwholly unexpected, makes as much "sense" of theentire set of fact as didthe originally

"exp ected"interpretation.

(2)

Inthis regard, jokeshavemuchin commonwithscienticcreativity,

withwhat ThomasKuhncalssa"paradigmshift"

(A)

[a. inoppositionto; b. inresp onse to;c. in

spiteof; d. in termsof]asingle"anomaly."(It's probablynotcoincidence thatmany ofthemost

creativescientistshaveagreatsenseofhumor.) Ofcourse,theanomalyinthejokeisthetraditional

punchline andthe jokeis "funny" only if thelistener gets thepunch line byseeing

(B )

[a. after

careful consideration; b. with great foresight; c. in a ash of insight; d. little by little] howa

completelynewinterpretationofthesameset offacts canincorp orate theanomalousending. The

longerandmoretortuousthegardenpathofexp ectation,the"funnier"thepunchlinewhennally

delivered.

1. Whydoestheauthorusetheexpression

(1)

underline"agardenpathofexp ectation"? Cho ose

themostappropriateanswer.

a. Becausewhat willhapp enintheendfallswithintheconnesofthelistener'sexp erience.

b. Becausewhat willhapp enintheendisanticipatedineverydetailbythelistener.

c. Becausethelistener isguidedin thewrongdirection, so do esnotknowwhat willhapp en

in theend.

d. Becausethelistenterisnallyrelievedfrom thetensionofknowingwhatwillhapp en.

2. Whatdo estheunderlinedphrase

(2)

Inthis regardmeaninthiscontext? Answerbychoosing

one wordforeachblankfromthelistb elow.

The ( a)ending of agoodjokeoers anew interpretation ofthe ( b) data whichisjustas

( c)as the( d)conclusion. Thisiswhytheyaresimilartoparadigmshifts in.

fanticipated;convincing; preceding; unexp ected; unsatisfactoryg

3. Choosetheb estphrase fromamongthosein(A)and(B).

［

］ 以下の文章を読んで設問に答えなさい。

Carroll was not, of course, the rst to use the technique of double-talk in humorous verse.

(1)

HewasprecededbyEdwardLear ,and

(2)

itiscuriousfact thatnowhereinthewritingsor letters

ofthesetwoundisputed leadersofEnglishnonsensedideither ofthemrefertotheother, noris

thereevidence thattheyevermet. Since the time of Lear and Carroll there have b een attempts

to pro duce a more serious p oetryof this sort { p o ems bythe Dadaists,the Italianfuturists, and

Gertrude Stein, forexample{ but somehowwhen thetechniqueistaken to o seriouslytheresults

seemtiresome.

(3)

I haveyettomeetsomeonewhocouldreciteoneofMissStein'sp oeticeorts,

butI haveknownago o d manyCarrollianswhofoundthat theyknewJabberwockybyheartwithout

everhavingmadeaconsiouseort tomemorizeit . Ogden Nashproduceda ne pieceofnonsense

in his p o emGeddondil lo ("The Sharrotscudders night in the quastran now, / The dorlim slinks

undeceded in the grost..."), but even here there seemsto b e a bit to o much straining for eect,

whereasJabberwockyhasacarelesslilt andp erfectonthat[ A ].

1.

下線部

〜

の内容に最も近いものを

の選択肢の中から選び、記号で答えなさい。

(1) a. Carrollusedthetechniqueofdouble-talkmore eectivelythanLear.

b. Learused thetechniqueofdouble-talkmoreeective;ythanCarroll.

c. Carrollbeganto usethetechniqueofdouble-talkearlierthanLear.

a. since Lear and Carrollnevet met, theydid notmention eachother's name in their

lettersorwritings.

b. neither Lear nor Carroll showed resp ect for the other in his letters or writings al-

thoughtheywerebothundisputedleadersof Englishnonsense.

c. neither Lear norCarroll mentioned the other's name in his letters or writings and

that theyapparentlynevermeteachother.

d. neitherLearnorCarrollmentionedtheother'snameinhislettersorwritingsalthough

theyevidentlymeteachother.

(3) a. I havealreadymeta numberofpeoplewhocouldreciteJabberwocky,butI oughtto

ndsomeonewhoknowsMissStein'sp o etrybyheart.

b. Although I havenevermet anyone whohas learned MissStein's po etryby heart,I

hanvemetmanyexcellentCarrollianswhohavetriedhardto memorizeJabberwocky.

c. AlthoughIknowonlyonep ersonwhocanreciteMissStein'sp o etry,iknowanumber

ofp eoplewhohavelearnedJabberwockybyheart.

d. I have never met anyone who knows Miss Stein's p o etry by heart, but I know a

considerablenumberofCarrollianswhocanreciteJabberwocky.

［

］ 以下の文章を読んで設問に答えなさい。

IfMerleau-Pontyisright,the

(1)

[a. denotative,conventional/b. sensorial]dimensionoflanguage

can never be truly severed from the

(2)

[a. denotative, conventional / b. sensorial]dimension of

direct,aectivemeaning. Ifwearenot,intruth,immaterialmindsmerelyhousedinearthlyb o dies,

but are from the rst, material, corporealb eings, then itis the sensuous, gesturalsignicance of

sp okensoundsthatmakesverbalnammunicationp ossibleatall. Itisthis expressivep otency that

supp ortsallthemore

(3)

[a. abstractandconventional/b. sensuousandgestural]meaningsthatwe

assigntowords.

(4)

[a. Although/ b. Because/c. However/d. Therefore]wemayb eobliviousto

the

(5)

[a. denotative,conventional/ b. gestural,somatic]dimensionoflanguage, havingrepressed

itinfavorofstrictdictionarydenitionsandtheabstractprecisionofsp ecializedterminologies,the

(6)

[a. denotative,conventional/b. gestural,somatic]dimensionremainssubtlyop erativeinallour

sp eaking andwriting.

(7)

[a. Although/b. For/ c. Nevertheless/ d. Since]meaning,as wehavesaid,remainsrooted

in thesensorylifeoftheb o dy{ itcannotb e cutofrom thesoilofdirect,p erceptual exp erience

without(8).

問Ａ：

〜

に関しては、用意された選択肢の中から適切なものを選んで、その記号を答えなさい。

問Ｂ

下線を引いた語句

は、文中で比喩的に使われている。この比喩に 基づいて、空所

に適切な動詞を一語、〜

形で入れなさい。

［

］ 以下の文章を読んで設問に答えなさい。

Wetendtothink ofraceas b eingindisputable,real. Weseeitplainlyonone another'sfaces. It

seemsapro ductnotoftheso cialimaginationbutofbiology. However,scholarsinseveraldisciplines

haverecentlyshaken

(1)

faithinthisbiological certainty. Theconventionsbywhich"racemixing"is

understo o d,theyp ointout,isonesitewherethe(2)ofracecomesintoview. Whyisitthatinthe

UnitedStatesawhilewomancanhaveblackchildrenbutablackwomancannothavewhitechildren?

(3)

Do esn'tthisbesp eaka degreeofarbitrarinessinthis businessofaxingraciallab els?

Thehistoryofracialclassicationovertimeisasecondsuchsite:

(4)

entireraceshavedisapp eared

fromview,frompublicdiscussion,andfrom mo dernmemory,thoughtheiresh-and-blo o dmembers

stillwalkonearth . What has b ecome of nineteenth century's Celts and Slavs, for instance? Its

Hebrews, Ib erics,Mediterraneans,Teutons,andAnglo-Saxons?

1. What ismeantby

(1)

"faithinthisbiological certainty"? Answerbyputting oneappropriate

wordin eachblank.

The beliefthat aperson's(a)is( b) bybiologicalfacts.

2. Choosetheappropriatewordforblank(2)fromb elow.

This showsthat racialconceptsaretosomeextent ( ).

(a) groundless(b)illegal(c)immoral(d)unavoidable(e) unfair

4. Rewritesentence(4)byputtingoneappropriatewordin eachblank. Forblanks(a)and(b),

usewordsthatapp ear inthetext.

Some races seem to have disappeared in the sense that we no longer have ( a ) ( b ) that

categorizethosepeople,although the peoplethemselves still( c).

［

］ 以下の文章中の太字で始まる文にはそれぞれ余計な単語が一語入っている。その単語を抜き 出して答えなさい。

(1)

The ortho dox in view of evolution is a little like this situation with the Rubik's Cub e.

(2)

Mutations, which o ccur at random and in unpredictable directions, are represented as moves

weremadebya blindman.

(3)

Andnatural selecton,as itisexercisedbytheenvironment,isseen

toop erateonamutatingspeciesin to omuchthesame wayasanobserverwhodecideswhetheror

notthemovesitmakes arego o d.

(4)

But theanalogy isincompleteand misleading,becauseeven

neo-Darwinianevolutionistsinsist onthat naturalselectionisunintelligent{itdo esnotknowthe

solutionin advance.

(5)

Allitcan doismakewhatlimitedvaluejudgementsaboutsab outisolated

moves.

以下はテープを聴いて答える問題です。

画面に画像が映ることはありません。

［

］

narrator's view on life,or F(alse)otherwise. The tap e willb e played twice.

a)Irritatingthingswillhapp enattheverymomentwhenyouaremostearnestin youreorts.

b)Yousometimesrealizethatyouhavesetouttop erformsomethingb eyondyourcapabilities.

c)Youaresureto getthechancetoavoidtheworstthingifyouarecareful.

d)Inthecaseofanemergency,life-saverswillpromptlyhelp yougetoutoftrouble.

e)Thewhole worldissympatheticenoughforyoutosurvivesuccessfully.

f)Ifyouareseriousenough,everythingwilleventuallyturnoutne.

［

］

1. Put one wordin each blank to complete the table b elow whichsummarizes what you have

listenedto.

b eforethemiracle afterthemiracle

WhatwasHelen asavagegirl (a)

Keller like? a(n)( )( )( )

Whatkindofworld (b) the worldof language

wasHelenKeller dark,( )( ) andreason

in?

2. Whattriggersthemiracle? Answerbyputtingone wordineachblank.

The miraclehappenswhen sheunderstandsthat( )( )( )( ).

3. Accordingto thesp eaker,what isthethemeoftheMiracleWorker? Fillintheblanks.

It isabout and .

［

］

Imagine. Youare a visitor from anotherplanet. The earthp eople show you these photos and

explain that theyare advertisementsfor cigarettes. You have

(b)

Eventually,though,yougettheidea,more orless.

Still,theseparticularadsdon't

(c)

you. Theywouldiftheywere

adsforcowboyhats,orforhorses. Butwhydotheyserveasasvertisementsforcigarettes? Andwhy

dotheearthp eoplesmokeanyway,whentheyknowbiologicallyit

(d)

?

This do esn't seem to b e a biologist's concern. ButJared Diamond, the author of our reading

material today,

(e)

this puzzle to another puzzling b ehavior of a

dierentanimal.

［

］

1. Who do es whatto whom in theincident describ edin thebeginningof thetap e? Put ONE

appropriatewordineachblank.

A(n)

(a)

man and a(n)

(b)

man rob a(n)

(c)

woman

and a(n)

(d)

womanfortheir

(e)

.

2. Inordertocomplete thestatementbelow,llintheblanksandchoosetheb estanswer.

According tothe tape, itis relatively moredicult toidentifypeoplefrom( )( ) groups.

This diculty...

a: willb e smallerifone livesandworksamongsuchp eople.

b: will remainthesame evenifone isinconstantinteractionwithsuchpeople.

c: will b egreaterifonehasprejudice againstsuchp eople.

d: will changeifthewayoneispresentedwiththephotographschanges.